Pipe Size Optimization Tool v1.4

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EDR Guidelines CoolTools

Pipe Size Optimization Tool v1.4

Introduction

T

Traditionally, most designers size piping using rules of thumb, such raditionally, most designers size piping using rules of thumb, such as limiting friction rate (e.g., as limiting friction rate (e.g., 4 feet per 104 feet per 10

pipe), water velocity (e.g., 10 feet per second), or a combination of the two. These methods are expedient an pipe), water velocity (e.g., 10 feet per second), or a combination of the two. These methods are expedient an reproducible, but they seldom result in an optimum design on either a

reproducible, but they seldom result in an optimum design on either a first-cost or life-cycle first-cost or life-cycle cost basis. The opcost basis. The op

pipe size for a given design flow rate is a function of: pipe size for a given design flow rate is a function of: - Location of pipe in the

- Location of pipe in the system (whether or not it is system (whether or not it is in the critical circuit (1));in the critical circuit (1));

- First costs of installed pi

- First costs of installed pi ping;ping;

- Pump energy costs, which in turn will depend on pump and motor

- Pump energy costs, which in turn will depend on pump and motor efficiency, distribution system type (constefficiency, distribution system type (const

variable flow), annual flow profile through the system a

variable flow), annual flow profile through the system a s well as the pipe in s well as the pipe in question, type of pump control (vquestion, type of pump control (v

speed or riding pump curve), etc.; speed or riding pump curve), etc.;

- Erosion considerations (high velocities can contribute to

- Erosion considerations (high velocities can contribute to hastening of pipe wall deterioration);hastening of pipe wall deterioration);

- Noise

- Noise considerations, such as velocity limits to minimize noise caused by turbulence and the proximity of thconsiderations, such as velocity limits to minimize noise caused by turbulence and the proximity of th

noise-sensitive areas; noise-sensitive areas; - Physical constraints; and - Physical constraints; and - Budget constraints. - Budget constraints. The CoolT

The CoolTools Pipe Size Optimization ools Pipe Size Optimization TTool incorporates tool incorporates t he above design and he above design and cost factors, cost factors, allowing the designallowing the design

the lowest cost piping system design. the lowest cost piping system design.

1. The critical circuit is the circuit within the system with

1. The critical circuit is the circuit within the system with the highest pressure loss that determines pump head. This the highest pressure loss that determines pump head. This is often the longest run is often the longest run in thin th not always. The pressure loss in this

not always. The pressure loss in this circuit, and only this circuit, drives annual energy consumption.circuit, and only this circuit, drives annual energy consumption.

System Assumptions Tab

System

System T

Type and

ype and Average Water Temperature

Average Water Temperature

System options include chilled water, hot wa

System options include chilled water, hot wa ter, and condenser water. Choice of system type impacts tter, and condenser water. Choice of system type impacts t he anhe an

energy calculation. For chilled water, pump heat

energy calculation. For chilled water, pump heat is added to total annual energy, for is added to total annual energy, for hot water, pump heat ishot water, pump heat is

subtracted, and for condenser water,

subtracted, and for condenser water, pump heat is ignored.pump heat is ignored.

System type will also select

System type will also select a default average a default average water temperature, which will appear in the cwater temperature, which will appear in the c ell below. Defaultell below. Default

temperatures for the three system types c

temperatures for the three system types c an be adjusted on the Constants tab.an be adjusted on the Constants tab.

Is this circuit the critical circuit?

The T

The Tool optimizes pipe sizes for ool optimizes pipe sizes for one circuit at a time. Ione circuit at a time. I f CRITICAL is selected, the Tool will treat the circuit asf CRITICAL is selected, the Tool will treat the circuit as

critical circuit in the system, tak

critical circuit in the system, tak ing into account energy cost when determining the least expensive ing into account energy cost when determining the least expensive alternativalternativ

NON-CRITICAL is selected, the T

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account for sizing. Non-critical circuits will be sized according to the

account for sizing. Non-critical circuits will be sized according to the selected noise and erosion criteria. Wheselected noise and erosion criteria. Whe

CRITICAL is selected, the Lifecycle Energy Cost output will read "-"

CRITICAL is selected, the Lifecycle Energy Cost output will read "-" because it is not because it is not possible to calculate enepossible to calculate ene

consumption from the non-critical circuit. consumption from the non-critical circuit. Note:

Note: If NON-CRITICAL is selected and noise and erosion velocity limits arIf NON-CRITICAL is selected and noise and erosion velocity limits are turned off, then the optimized pie turned off, then the optimized pi

will be the smallest

will be the smallest available pipe size.available pipe size.

System operation

Select Contstant Flow/ Constant Speed

Select Contstant Flow/ Constant Speed (CFCS), Variab(CFCS), Variable Flow/ Constant Speed le Flow/ Constant Speed (VFCS), Variabl(VFCS), Variable Flow/ Variablee Flow/ Variable

with Fixed Set Point (VFVSFSP), or Variable Flow/ Variable Speed with Reset Set Point (VFVSRSP). This selectio with Fixed Set Point (VFVSFSP), or Variable Flow/ Variable Speed with Reset Set Point (VFVSRSP). This selectio impact annual energy consumption. Variable flow selections will reduce annual

impact annual energy consumption. Variable flow selections will reduce annual energy consumption accordinenergy consumption accordin

factors specified on the Constants tab. factors specified on the Constants tab.

Hours per year of operation

Enter total annual estimated hours of

Enter total annual estimated hours of operation.operation.

Pipe insulation thickness

Select desired pipe insulation thickness or none. The

Select desired pipe insulation thickness or none. The Title 24 option will automatically select the code-requirTitle 24 option will automatically select the code-requir

insulation thickness for the

insulation thickness for the specified water temperature and pipe specified water temperature and pipe diameterdiameter..

This input is one of three that can be applied to override user inputs for individual pipe segments on the Pipi This input is one of three that can be applied to override user inputs for individual pipe segments on the Pipi

tab. Once a selection is

tab. Once a selection is made, the Apply button next to the made, the Apply button next to the input must be clicked. This will overwrite all input must be clicked. This will overwrite all inputinput

Insulation Wall Thickness column on the Piping Circuit page. After clicking Apply, further modifications to the Insulation Wall Thickness column on the Piping Circuit page. After clicking Apply, further modifications to the thickness for individual segments may be made. However, these modifications will be overwritten if

thickness for individual segments may be made. However, these modifications will be overwritten if the Applthe Appl

is clicked again. is clicked again.

Fluid speed limit for noise sensitivity?

If noise is a

If noise is a concern, velocities may be limited to minimize noise caused by concern, velocities may be limited to minimize noise caused by turbulence. If YES is selected andturbulence. If YES is selected and

is chosen as AUTO, then

is chosen as AUTO, then the automated pipe sizing function will not allow the automated pipe sizing function will not allow the noise velocity limit to be the noise velocity limit to be exceeexcee

YES is selected and pipe

YES is selected and pipe size is chosen manually, then a size is chosen manually, then a red-flagged cell will indicate when the maximum noired-flagged cell will indicate when the maximum noi

velocity is exceeded for a particular pipe segment. These limits

velocity is exceeded for a particular pipe segment. These limits (starting at 3 fps (starting at 3 fps for ¾" pipe for ¾" pipe and increasing liand increasing li

20 fps for 30" pipe (3) )

20 fps for 30" pipe (3) ) are given on the Constants tab and can be edited there.are given on the Constants tab and can be edited there.

Fluid speed limit for erosion control?

If pipe wall erosion is

If pipe wall erosion is a concern, velocities may be limited to reduce the a concern, velocities may be limited to reduce the risk of erosion. If YES is risk of erosion. If YES is selected andselected and

is chosen as AUTO, then

is chosen as AUTO, then the automated pipe sizing function will not allow the automated pipe sizing function will not allow the erosion velocity limit to be excthe erosion velocity limit to be exc

YES is selected and pipe

YES is selected and pipe size is chosen manually, then a size is chosen manually, then a red-flagged cell will indicate when the maximium erred-flagged cell will indicate when the maximium er

velocity is exceeded. V

velocity is exceeded. Velocity limits are given on the elocity limits are given on the Constants tab. While these and similar Constants tab. While these and similar maximum velocimaximum veloci

guidelines have been around for years, they have never been

guidelines have been around for years, they have never been corroborated by researccorroborated by research. In fact, most of h. In fact, most of the rthe r

on this issue has indicated that unless there are particles or air bubbles in the water, there is little erosion of on this issue has indicated that unless there are particles or air bubbles in the water, there is little erosion of regardless of velocity, within the

regardless of velocity, within the normal velocity ranges found in normal velocity ranges found in commercial systems.commercial systems.

This input is one of three that can be applied to override user inputs for individual pipe segments on the Pipi This input is one of three that can be applied to override user inputs for individual pipe segments on the Pipi

tab. Once a selection is

tab. Once a selection is made, the Apply button next to the made, the Apply button next to the input must be clicked. This will overwrite all input must be clicked. This will overwrite all inputinput

Flow Speed Limit to Prevent Erosion? column on the Piping Circuit page. After clicking Apply, further modifica Flow Speed Limit to Prevent Erosion? column on the Piping Circuit page. After clicking Apply, further modifica this column for individual segments may be

this column for individual segments may be made. However, these modificationmade. However, these modifications will be s will be overwritten if the Apoverwritten if the Ap

button is clicked again. button is clicked again.

2. Care must be taken when sizing a n

2. Care must be taken when sizing a n on-critical circuit. Energy consumption is independent of pressure loss in a non-critical circuit as long as thon-critical circuit. Energy consumption is independent of pressure loss in a non-critical circuit as long as th pressure loss is not greater than that of

pressure loss is not greater than that of the critical circuit. If pressure loss in a non-critical circuit excethe critical circuit. If pressure loss in a non-critical circuit exceeds pressure loss in the critical circuit, theneds pressure loss in the critical circuit, then becomes the new critical circuit. Pressur

becomes the new critical circuit. Pressure loss for a e loss for a circuit can be obtained from the spreadsheet’s Tcircuit can be obtained from the spreadsheet’s Total Head (Feet) output at the bottom of otal Head (Feet) output at the bottom of thethe sheet.

sheet.

3. Wilson, George. 1988. Wilson Ihrig Associates, Oakland, Calif. Unpublished information

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Piping Circuit Tab

The Piping Circuit tab contains inputs for

The Piping Circuit tab contains inputs for each pipe segment and each pipe segment and system element within the piping circuit. Forsystem element within the piping circuit. For

segment, complete all yellow fields with appropriate physical data. All white fields are

segment, complete all yellow fields with appropriate physical data. All white fields are locked and may not belocked and may not be

Sheet Management

Sheet Management Functions

Functions

When starting a new pipe circuit, always clear sheet

When starting a new pipe circuit, always clear sheet and reset formulas with the Clear and Apply User Settingand reset formulas with the Clear and Apply User Setting

the top left corner of

the top left corner of the sheet. Note: This will clear ALL the sheet. Note: This will clear ALL user inputs and will apply the selections from the threuser inputs and will apply the selections from the thre

inputs (insulation thicknes

inputs (insulation thickness, erosion velocity limit, and noise velocity limit) to s, erosion velocity limit, and noise velocity limit) to all piping segments. This can noall piping segments. This can no

undone. undone.

In order to preserve the structure of the spreadsheet (formulas and conditional formatting), do not copy and p In order to preserve the structure of the spreadsheet (formulas and conditional formatting), do not copy and p or rows, and do not manually add

or rows, and do not manually add or delete rows using Excel functions. When adding or deleting piping segmeor delete rows using Excel functions. When adding or deleting piping segme

always use the Add a Row and Delete a Row buttons. Two rows is the minimum number of rows allowed. always use the Add a Row and Delete a Row buttons. Two rows is the minimum number of rows allowed. Troubleshooting: If the function buttons (Add a Row, Optimize Pipe Size, etc.) will not work, hit Esc or Return to Troubleshooting: If the function buttons (Add a Row, Optimize Pipe Size, etc.) will not work, hit Esc or Return to

editing cells. Function button

editing cells. Function buttons will not work while cs will not work while c ells are in edit mode.ells are in edit mode.

Pipe Size Selection/ Automated Sizing

If automatic pipe sizing is desired for a

If automatic pipe sizing is desired for a segment, select AUTO in the pull-down menu under Select Pipe Size orsegment, select AUTO in the pull-down menu under Select Pipe Size or

Segments not containing AUTO in this

Segments not containing AUTO in this field will be field will be ignored during the optimization routine.ignored during the optimization routine.

If a fixed pipe size

If a fixed pipe size is desired for a segment, select tis desired for a segment, select t he size from the options in the pull-down menu.he size from the options in the pull-down menu.

Regardle

Regardless of pipe sizing choice ss of pipe sizing choice (AUTO or fixed size), the pipe size used in the (AUTO or fixed size), the pipe size used in the spreadshspreadsheet will be displayed ieet will be displayed i

adjacent column, under Pipe Size. adjacent column, under Pipe Size.

Segment Auto-grouping

All segments must be assigned to a segment group when using the auto-size feature. If

All segments must be assigned to a segment group when using the auto-size feature. If it is desired that all seit is desired that all se

containing the same flow rate be

containing the same flow rate be grouped together and optimized to a single size, click the Auto Group buttongrouped together and optimized to a single size, click the Auto Group button

Segment Grouping heading

Segment Grouping heading. This will automatically create a group number for e. This will automatically create a group number for e ach distinct flow rate within thach distinct flow rate within th

and assign the appropriate group number to each segment. Only segments that are selected for auto-sizing w and assign the appropriate group number to each segment. Only segments that are selected for auto-sizing w assigned a group number. These group assignments may be edited manually, but

assigned a group number. These group assignments may be edited manually, but all changes will be all changes will be overwrittoverwritt

Group is clicked again. Group is clicked again.

Total system flow

Enter the flow rate,

Enter the flow rate, in gallons per minute, for the ein gallons per minute, for the e ntire system. Note, this is not the flow ntire system. Note, this is not the flow for the current circuifor the current circui

modeled, but for all circuits in the

modeled, but for all circuits in the system.system.

The default value for this c

The default value for this c ell is the maximum flow rate ell is the maximum flow rate of all listed pipe segments. This can of all listed pipe segments. This can be overwritten bybe overwritten by

however the formula can only be

however the formula can only be restored by clicking Clear and Apply User Settings.restored by clicking Clear and Apply User Settings.

Insulation Thickness

If the insulation thickness has been set using the Apply button on the

If the insulation thickness has been set using the Apply button on the Settings tab (see Pipe Insulation ThicknSettings tab (see Pipe Insulation Thickn

Settings T

Settings Tab: Piping above), the insulation thickness setting for ab: Piping above), the insulation thickness setting for all segments will match all segments will match the input on the the input on the SettinSettin

Title 24 has been

Title 24 has been selected, the spreadsheet will determine the cselected, the spreadsheet will determine the c ode-requirode-required insulation thickness based on ed insulation thickness based on ww

temperature and pipe size and this thickness will be displayed in the adjacent column, under Insulation Thickn temperature and pipe size and this thickness will be displayed in the adjacent column, under Insulation Thickn fixed thickness has been selected, it will be displayed in

fixed thickness has been selected, it will be displayed in the Insulation Thickness column.the Insulation Thickness column.

Optimize Pipe Size

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Once pipe segment setup is complete, pipe sizes

Once pipe segment setup is complete, pipe sizes may be optimized by clicking the Auto-select Optimized Pipemay be optimized by clicking the Auto-select Optimized Pipe

button at the top left corner. The tool will iterate through pipe size options for each segment selected for auto button at the top left corner. The tool will iterate through pipe size options for each segment selected for auto until the lowest possible combination of first cost and life-cycle cost is found. Auto-sized segments with the sa until the lowest possible combination of first cost and life-cycle cost is found. Auto-sized segments with the sa segment grouping number will be treated as a single pipe size and iterated to give the group of segments the segment grouping number will be treated as a single pipe size and iterated to give the group of segments the combined cost.

combined cost.

All lifecycle parameters may be adjusted on the Settings page. Lifecycle cost is

All lifecycle parameters may be adjusted on the Settings page. Lifecycle cost is calculated annuallcalculated annually for the sysy for the sys

lifetime specified and then discounted back to the present using the specified discount rate. Energy escalation lifetime specified and then discounted back to the present using the specified discount rate. Energy escalation inflation rates may be applied to the lifecycle cost. These rates are additive: a 1.0% energy escalation rate an inflation rates may be applied to the lifecycle cost. These rates are additive: a 1.0% energy escalation rate an inflation rate will result in an annual energy rate increase of 2.8%.

inflation rate will result in an annual energy rate increase of 2.8%. Occasionally, selecte

Occasionally, selected valves are not available in the d valves are not available in the optimized pipe size. In this case, an optimized pipe size. In this case, an error message will aerror message will a

the problem valves will be tagged in red. the problem valves will be tagged in red. The

The Auto-select OptimiAuto-select Optimized Pipe Size button will grey out after optimization is completed, showing that the butzed Pipe Size button will grey out after optimization is completed, showing that the but

disabled. When a change is made

disabled. When a change is made to any of the to any of the inputs, the button will become enabled again.inputs, the button will become enabled again.

Economic Assumptions

Life-cycle cost for the pipe segment is calculated by taking the net present value of electricity expenditures ov Life-cycle cost for the pipe segment is calculated by taking the net present value of electricity expenditures ov specified lifetime of the piping system. An inflation rate and/or an energy escalation rate can be applied to the specified lifetime of the piping system. An inflation rate and/or an energy escalation rate can be applied to the energy expenditures and a discount rate is specified to discount the expenditures back to present value. energy expenditures and a discount rate is specified to discount the expenditures back to present value.

City cost index multipliers

Most pricing data come from RS Means Mechanical Cost Data, 2008. The location adjustment factors for mater Most pricing data come from RS Means Mechanical Cost Data, 2008. The location adjustment factors for mater labor are provided for seven California cities. Average national factors are also provided. These adjustment fac labor are provided for seven California cities. Average national factors are also provided. These adjustment fac be edited on the Constants tab. New markets may be added either by entering the new market data in the las be edited on the Constants tab. New markets may be added either by entering the new market data in the las titled "NEW MARKET" or by overwriting one of the existing markets.

titled "NEW MARKET" or by overwriting one of the existing markets.

Electricity cost/ Gas cost

Enter local electricit

Enter local electricity and gas prices. y and gas prices. Gas price will be used only Gas price will be used only when the HW system type when the HW system type is selectedis selected

Apply an inflation rate

Inflation rate and energy escalation rate, if both are used, will be applied additively. For example, an inflation r Inflation rate and energy escalation rate, if both are used, will be applied additively. For example, an inflation r 1.8% and an energy escalation rate of 1.0% will result in an overall annual energy rate increase of 2.8%. If no i 1.8% and an energy escalation rate of 1.0% will result in an overall annual energy rate increase of 2.8%. If no i rate is desired, enter 0.

rate is desired, enter 0.

Apply an energy escalation rate

Inflation rate and energy escalation rate, if both are used will be applied additively. For example, an inflation r Inflation rate and energy escalation rate, if both are used will be applied additively. For example, an inflation r 1.8% and an energy escalation rate of 1.0% will result in an overall annual energy rate increase of 2.8%. If no 1.8% and an energy escalation rate of 1.0% will result in an overall annual energy rate increase of 2.8%. If no escalation rate is desired, enter 0.

escalation rate is desired, enter 0.

Discount rate

This rate is used to discount the annual electricity expenditures over the projected lifetime of the system back This rate is used to discount the annual electricity expenditures over the projected lifetime of the system back

present. If an inflation rate is applied (see above), then this should be

present. If an inflation rate is applied (see above), then this should be the nominal discount rate. If an inflationthe nominal discount rate. If an inflation

not applied, then this should be the real discount rate. not applied, then this should be the real discount rate.

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Enter the projected lifetime of the system. Input must be less than or equal to 40 years.

Constants Tab

The Constants tab contains all physical and cost parameters for the piping components and system. Notes at t each column indicate data source. All fields may be edited.

Additional Information

If you have any questions or want to report a bug, please contact: Molly McGuire, Mechanical Engineer

Taylor Engineering 510-749-9135

[email protected]

DISCLAIMER

This pipe sizing applet was prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Company by Taylor Enginee Architectural Energy Corporation and funded by California utility customers under the auspi the California Public Utilities Commission. Neither Pacific Gas and Electric Company nor an employees and agents:

1. Makes any written or oral warranty, expressed or implied, regarding this report, includi not limited to those concerning merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

2. Assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefuln any information, apparatus, product, process, method, or policy contained herein.

3. Represents that use of the report would not infringe any privately owned rights,includin not limited to, patents, trademarks or copyrights.

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0 feet of timum nt or riable e pipe to r to find e system, but ual the e. If ost into

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NON-gy e size Speed n will g to the d g Circuit s in the insulation button pipe size ded. If se nearly to pipe size eded. If sion y esearch piping g Circuit s in the ions to ply total that iping Circuit

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each dited. button at e Settings be aste cells nts, finish AUTO. the gments below the e system ill be en if Auto being the user, ss under gs tab. If ter ess. If a

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Size sizing me lowest tem and/or a 1.8% ppear and ton is er the annual ials and tors can row, ate of inflation te of energy to the rate is

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he top of ing and es of of its g, but ss of , but

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Project Name

My Project

System Name

CHW

System Parameters

System

type

CHW

Average

Water

temperature

50 °F

System

operation

VFVSFSP

Hours

per

year

of

operation

2000 hours

Pipe insulation thickness (in inches)

Title 24

(must click

Fluid speed limit for noise sensitivity?

ON

(must click

Fluid speed limit for erosion control?

ON

(must click

Default

safety

factor:

greater

of

5 %

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"Apply" for change to take effect)

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Economic Assumptions

City cost index multipliers

Market

Oakland,

CA

Materials

110.2 Labor

127.3 Contractor mark-up

HVAC

25%

General

3%

Current

year

2010

Means Mechanical Cost Data year

2008

Average annual first cost escalation

9.5%

Taxes

8%

Electricity

cost

0.15 $/kWh

Gas cost (used only for HW system type)

1.00 $/therm

Inflation

rate

0.0%

Energy

escalation

rate

1.0%

Discount

rate

5.0%

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Inputs Outputs Total system flow 0 GPM CRITICAL

NumberofValves SegmentHeadVelocity BHP TotalPower FirstCost AnnlEnergyCosts Pipe Segment Description GPMInches Inches Inches Feet90º 45º

S t r ai gh t B r an

c h PsiFeet Feet psi Gal HP kW kWhtherms MaterialsTaxes Labor Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 AUTO6 ONNOONNOTitle 24 1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0 - #DIV/0! #DIV/0!0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 $- $- $- $- $- #DIV/0! #DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0! $- $- $

AUTO6 ONNOONNOTitle 24 1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0 - #DIV/0! #DIV/0!0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00 $- $- $- $- $- #DIV/0! #DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0! $- $- $ Totals #DIV/0! #DIV/0! - #DIV/0! without Safety Factor #DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0!#DIV/0! #DIV/0!

+#DIV/0! Safety factor #DIV/0! with Safety Factor

OutputSummary: #DIV/0!

Total Head (Feet) #DIV/0! Total Head w S.F. (Feet) #DIV/0! Total Cost #DIV/0!

Lifecycle Energy Cost #DIV/0! First Cost #DIV/0! Scalar Ratio #DIV/0! Notes: Enter user notes here. Add or delete a row above current cursor position SegmentGroupingFlowrate

Select Pipe Size or "AUTO"PipeSize

Flow Speed Limit to Prevent Noise? Flow Speed Limit to Prevent Erosion? Desired Insulation Wall ThicknessInsulationThickness

Straight Pipe Lengthof ElbowsNumber

Tees with flow through: Control Valve ∆P Other: Chiller/ Boiler/ Coil/ HX/ etc. Water volume

in pipe Energy Cnsmpper Year LifecycleCost Lifecycle + First Cost Too

fast? Toofast?

C i r c ui t S e t t er S i l en t C h e c k S wi n g C h e c k B al l or B u t t er f l y W y e- S t r ai n er S u c t i on D i f f u s er _owF l L i m i t i n g Feet/

sec therms /hr Contractor Markup O tim

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Grey cells indicate components or elements that do not exist; values are set to

Pink cells indicate extrapolations for data points that were unavailable

Red

Red font indicates updated pricing values

Flow Parameters

K VALUES COPPER

SIZE

ELLS

TEES

90

45 Straight

Branch

1/2

0.47

0.25

0.29

1.1 3/4

0.45

0.24

0.28

1.05

1

0.43

0.22

0.26

1

1 1/4

0.41

0.22

0.25

0.95

1 1/2

0.4

0.21

0.23

0.9

2

0.38

0.2

0.84

2 1/2

0.35

0.19

0.18

0.79

3

0.34

0.18

0.17

0.76

4

0.31

0.18

0.15

0.7 K VALUES STEEL

SIZE

ELLS

TEES

90

45 Straight

BRANCH

1

0.43

0.22

0.26

1

1 1/4

0.41

0.22

0.25

0.95

1 1/2

0.4

0.21

0.23

0.9

2

0.38

0.2

0.84

2 1/2

0.35

0.19

0.18

0.79

3

0.34

0.18

0.17

0.76

4

0.31

0.18

0.15

0.7

5

0.3

0.17

0.13

0.66

6

0.29

0.17

0.12

0.62

8

0.27

0.17

0.1

0.58

10

0.25

0.16

0.09

0.53

12

0.24

0.16

0.09

0.5

14

0.23

0.15

0.08

0.5

16

0.23

0.15

0.08

0.47 T-cubed

18

0.22

0.14

0.07

0.44

64000

20

0.22

0.14

0.07

0.42

125000

24

0.21

0.13

0.06

0.41

343000

26

0.21

0.13

0.06

0.4

729000

30

0.2

0.12

0.05

0.39

1331000 2197000

Property at

T=

c (Btu/lb

_m

-°F)

u (ft3/lb

_m

)

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3375000 4913000 6859000 9528128

Piping Component Pricing

column for

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 Use copper piping for sizes less than or equal to:

2 1/2 inches

Copper pipe pricing (type L)

piping

90 ell

45 ell

Size

Mat ($/LF)

Inst ($/LF) Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

1/2

$2.26

$4.61

$0.92

$18.70

$1.67

$18.70

3/4

$3.51

$4.92

$2.04

$19.65

$2.93

$19.65

1 $5.10

$5.50

$5.00

$23.50

$7.35

$23.50

1 1/4

$7.05

$6.45

$7.60

$25.00

$10.45

$25.00

1 1/2

$9.05

$7.20

$11.80

$28.50

$12.60

$28.50

2 $14.05

$8.90

$21.50

$34.00

$21.00

$34.00

2 1/2

$21.50

$10.85

$45.50

$51.50

$45.00

$51.50

3 $29.50

$12.00

$60.50

$61.00

$66.50

$51.50

4 $50.00

$17.25

$156.00

$74.50

$142.00

$74.50

5 $107.00

$19.80

$650.00

$112.00

$550.00

$112.00

6 $149.00

$26.00

$865.00

$116.00

$865.00

$116.00

8 $208.00

$29.00 $3,200.00

$131.00

$2,950.00

$131.00

Steel pipe pricing

piping

90 ell

45 ell

Size

Mat ($/LF)

Inst ($/LF) Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

1/2

$2.18

$5.95

$27.00

$45.51

$37.50

$45.51

3/4

$2.58

$6.10

$27.00

$45.51

$37.50

$45.51

1 $3.70

$7.85

$13.10

$45.51

$13.45

$45.51

1 1/4

$4.93

$8.67

$13.10

$52.01

$13.45

$52.01

1 1/2

$5.65

$9.59

$13.10

$55.42

$13.45

$55.82

2 $7.40

$11.92

$14.10

$73.10

$13.45

$73.10

2 1/2

$9.80

$15.49

$16.95

$91.00

$15.70

$91.00

3 $12.50

$16.96

$21.00

$104.00

$16.95

$104.00

4 $16.50

$19.72

$34.00

$146.25

$30.00

$146.25

5 $24.00

$22.76

$71.00

$182.05

$46.00

$182.05

6 $30.00

$30.56

$74.00

$220.25

$60.00

$220.25

8 $47.00

$37.94

$140.00

$294.00

$100.00

$279.15

10 $60.00

$45.84

$282.00

$368.70

$200.00

$368.70

12 $75.00

$57.96

$420.00

$442.50

$282.00

$442.50

14 $85.00

$73.24

$430.00

$553.00

$380.00

$553.00

16 $114.00

$84.82

$790.00

$732.50

$670.00

$732.50

18 $120.00

$100.10 $1,050.00

$880.00

$955.00

$880.00

20 $146.00

$122.25 $1,500.00

$959.00

$990.00

$959.00

24 $186.00

$138.00 $2,000.00

$1,080.00

$1,500.00

$1,048.50

26 $345.00

$146.50 $2,500.00

$1,200.00

$1,650.00

$1,291.00

30 $375.00

$183.35 $3,000.00

$1,350.00

$1,825.00

$2,450.00

(20)

Insulation Pricing: Materials

Insul.

Thicknes

1/2

1

1 1/2

2 Pipe size

2

3

4

5 3/8

$0.73

$0.86

$1.58

$2.55

1/2

$0.73

$0.89

$1.67

$2.60

3/4

$0.83

$0.97

$1.68

$2.68

1 $0.86

$1.04

$1.80

$2.86

1 1/4

$0.91

$1.12

$1.96

$3.02

1 1/2

$1.05

$1.21

$2.05

$3.14

2 $1.12

$1.31

$2.26

$3.32

2 1/2

$1.17

$1.49

$2.42

$3.57

3 $1.32

$1.59

$2.54

$3.79

4 $1.55

$2.11

$2.88

$4.42

5 $1.77

$2.38

$3.23

$5.05

6 $2.00

$2.52

$3.41

$5.20

8 $2.45

$4.12

$4.78

$6.35

10 $2.90

$4.37

$5.15

$7.60

12 $3.35

$4.76

$5.85

$8.50

14 $3.81

$5.50

$6.70

$10.55

16 $4.26

$7.00

$8.75

$11.60

18 $4.71

$7.75

$9.85

$12.95

20 $5.16

$8.65

$10.05

$14.65

24 $6.06

$10.55

$12.30

$15.75

26 $6.51

$10.92

$12.80

$17.35

30 $7.42

$12.52

$14.58

$19.69

Noise/Erosion Sensitivity

Noise Sensitivity

Noise sensitivity eqn

Pipe OD

Pipe ID

Max fps

Max V for size: 3

1/2

0.55

2.54 Max V for size: 10

3/4

0.79

3.06

1

1.03

3.49 log(fps) =m* log(Pipe OD)

1 1/4

1.27

3.88 m

0.5

1 1/2

1.51

4.24 b

0.54

2

1.99

4.87

2 1/2

2.47

5.44 fps = 10^0.5379*10^(0.50

3

3.07

6.07

4

4.03

6.96

5

5.05

7.80

6

6.07

8.55

8

7.98

9.82

10

10.02

11.01

12

12.00

12.06

14

13.25

12.67

16

15.25

13.60

18

17.25

14.47

20

19.25

15.30

(21)

24

23.25

16.82

26

25.25

17.54

30

29.25

18.88 System and Location Defaults

Default Water Temperatures

CHW

50 °F

HW

160 °F

CW

80 °F

Variable Flow/Variable Speed Diversity Factor

CFCS

VFCS

VFVSFSP VFVSRSP

1

0.6

0.3

0.2 CFCS

Contstant Flow/ Constant Speed

VFCS

Variable Flow/ Constant Speed

VFVSFSP

Variable Flow/ Variable Speed with Fixed Set Point

VFVSRSP

Variable Flow/ Variable Speed with Reset Set Point

Market Lookup

Materials

Labor

Oakland, CA

110.2

127.3 Los Angeles, C

103.3

115.1 Fresno, CA

103.9

112.3 San Francisco,

112.4

137.5 San Jose, CA

107

130.4 Riverside, CA

102.1

112.5 Sacramento, C

106

113.6 Average Nation

100

100 ADD MARKET

Efficiencies

Pump

Current value, based on input system gpm

GPM

Pump

55%

Greater than

Efficiency

0.00 55%

60.00 58%

100.00 66%

Pump Efficiency eqn

500.00 70%

1000.00

72%

eff = m * ln(gpm) + b

1500.00

73%

m

5.870E-02

2000.00

75%

b

37%

2500.00

76%

3000.00

76%

3500.00

77%

4000.00

78%

4500.00

78%

(22)

5000.00

79%

5500.00

Motor (premium)

Current value, based on calculated HP

HP

Motor

#DIV/0!

Greater than

Efficiency

0.00 89.5%

5.00 91.0%

10.00 92.4%

15.00 92.4%

20.00 93.6%

30.00 94.1%

40.00 94.1%

60.00 95.0%

75.00 95.4%

100.00 95.4%

125.00 95.8%

150.00 95.8%

200.00 95.8%

Chiller

0.60 kW/ton

Boiler

75%

VS

Drive

97%

(23)

999999999

VALVES

SIZE

Cv

Circuit Setter

Silent Check

Ball

Butterfly

Wye-Strainer

1/2

1.7

6.86

4.8

5 999999999

#VALUE!

3/4

2.7

16.3

14.3

12 999999999

#VALUE!

1

5.8

30

24

22 999999999

#VALUE!

1 1/4

11

49

43

35 999999999

#VALUE!

1 1/2

20

72

60

52 999999999

#VALUE!

2

40

130

102

95

166

72

2 1/2

62

110

221 999999999

247

111

3

110

155

327 999999999

340

164

4

220

278

605 999999999

660

285

5

420

431

975 999999999

1080

410

6

650

625 1440

999999999

1613

597

8

875 1115

2670

999999999

3759

1000

10 1200

1770

4300

999999999

5300

1800

12 2250

2500

6350

999999999

7969

2800

14 999999999

3400

8600

999999999

11917

#VALUE!

16 999999999

4400

11400

999999999

16383

#VALUE!

18 999999999

5600

14700

999999999

21705

#VALUE!

20 999999999

6900

18100

999999999

27908

#VALUE!

24 999999999

10000

26800

999999999

43116

#VALUE!

26 999999999

15400

31000

999999999

60922

#VALUE!

30 999999999

22400

42000

999999999

86375

#VALUE!

1.01

1

1.01

0.02

0.02 T-squared

Temperature

Viscosity

1600 40 1.66E-05 2500 50 1.41E-05 4900 70 1.06E-05 8100 90 8.26E-06 12100 110 6.67E-06 16900 130 5.58E-06

Swing

Check

32

°F

77

°F

212

°F

(24)

22500 150 4.76E-06

28900 170 4.13E-06

36100 190 3.62E-06

44944 212 3.19E-06

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 tee

Circuit

Setter

Silent

Check

Swing

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

$1.56

$28.50

$40.00

$17.15

$93.77

$17.15

$23.50

$3.75

$31.00

$44.00

$18.85

$148.16

$18.85

$30.00

$11.60

$37.50

$54.00

$21.00

$260.00

$26.50

$42.00

$16.70

$41.50

$78.00

$25.00

$271.00

$31.00

$54.50

$25.50

$46.50

$91.00

$31.50

$325.00

$34.00

$72.00

$40.00

$53.50

$130.00

$37.50

$440.00

$41.50

$109.00

$95.00

$84.00

$370.00

$45.00

$495.00

$74.50

$258.00

$124.00

$96.00

$562.00

$170.00

$550.00

$84.00

$345.00

$299.00

$135.00

$867.00

$226.00

$810.00

$135.00

$1,100.00

$980.00

$168.00

$1,308.00

$205.18

$1,050.00

$174.00

$1,400.00

$1,325.00

$174.00

$1,763.00

$251.56

$1,375.00

$209.00

$1,700.00

$5,150.00

$209.00

$3,313.00

$344.31

$2,225.00

$232.00

$2,800.00

tee

Circuit

Setter

Silent

Check

Swing

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

$68.00

$73.10

$40.00

$17.15

$93.77

$17.15

$280.14

$68.00

$73.10

$44.00

$18.85

$148.16

$18.85

$335.79

$34.50

$73.10

$54.00

$21.00

$340.00

$26.50

$510.00

$42.00

$80.75

$78.00

$25.00

$375.00

$31.00

$447.07

$42.00

$91.00

$31.50

$410.00

$34.00

$502.71

$34.00

$121.35

$130.00

$37.50

$495.00

$41.50

$645.00

$46.50

$146.25

$370.00

$45.00

$595.00

$74.50

$745.00

$51.50

$182.05

$562.00

$170.00

$695.00

$84.00

$745.00

$72.50

$242.70

$867.00

$226.00

$945.00

$135.00

$1,100.00

$120.00

$291.50

$1,308.00

$205.18

$1,175.00

$174.00

$1,400.00

$124.00

$368.70

$1,763.00

$251.56

$1,525.00

$209.00

$1,700.00

$219.00

$442.50

$3,313.00

$344.31

$2,225.00

$232.00

$2,800.00

$435.00

$553.00

$4,650.00

$437.07

$3,125.00

$261.00

$4,150.00

$605.00

$690.00

$10,133.00

$529.83

$4,825.00

$350.00

$5,900.00

$985.00

$848.00

999999999

$7,300.00

$455.00

$8,525.00

$1,200.00

$1,106.00

999999999

$10,200.00

$600.00

$8,550.00

$1,875.00

$1,370.00

999999999

$10,700.00

$695.00

$10,400.00

$2,900.00

$1,475.00

999999999

$13,387.50

$820.00

$12,946.91

$3,750.00

$1,580.00

999999999

$17,492.50

$1,056.00

$19,700.00

$4,125.00

$2,002.00

999999999

$19,545.00

$1,174.00

$27,280.03

$4,550.00

$3,662.00

999999999

$23,650.00

$1,410.00

$41,213.61

(25)

Insulation Pricing: Installation

Insul.

Thickne

1/2

1

1 1/2

2 Pipe size

2

3

4

5 3/8

$2.49

$2.60

$2.70

$2.83

1/2

$2.48

$2.59

$2.70

$2.82

Temp is less t

3/4

$2.59

$2.70

$2.82

$2.96

0

1 $2.70

$2.82

$2.96

$3.10

40 1 1/4

$2.82

$2.96

$3.10

$3.27

60 1 1/2

$2.82

$2.96

$3.10

$3.27

105

2 $2.96

$3.10

$3.27

$3.45

140 2 1/2

$3.10

$3.27

$3.45

$3.65

200

3 $3.27

$3.45

$3.65

$3.88

250

4 $3.56

$4.14

$4.43

$4.78

350

5 $3.86

$4.43

$4.78

$5.15

6 $4.16

$5.15

$5.65

$6.20

8 $4.75

$6.20

$6.90

$7.75

10 $5.34

$6.90

$7.75

$8.85

12 $5.94

$7.75

$8.30

$9.55

14 $6.53

$7.75

$8.85

$10.35

16 $7.12

$8.85

$9.55

$11.30

18 $7.71

$8.85

$10.35

$12.40

20 $8.31

$10.35

$11.30

$13.80

24 $9.49

$10.35

$12.40

$15.50

26 $10.09

$10.09

$13.95

$17.04

30 $11.27

$11.27

$15.68

$19.27

Erosion Max Velocity

6 fps

Hours/yr opeMax v [fps]

11 fps

0

15 2000

14 + b

3000

13 4000

12 6000

10 4*log(Pipe ID))

(26)

2 3 4 5 6 7 $-$500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 $2,500.00 $3,000.00 $3,500.00 -$1,000.00 $2,000.00 $3,000.00 $4,000.00 $5,000.00 $6,000.00 $7,000.00

(27)

0 2 4 6 8 0 5 10 15 $-$500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 $2,500.00 $3,000.00 $3,500.00 $4,000.00

(28)

PIPE INNER DIAMETERS

dP (feet)

O.D "

I.D. "

999999999

7.4 1/2

0.55

0.62 999999999

7.4 3/4

0.79

0.82 999999999

7.4

1

1.03

1.05 999999999

7.4

1 1/4

1.27

1.38 999999999

7.4

1 1/2

1.51

1.61

55

7.4

2

1.99

2.07

90

7.4

2 1/2

2.47

110

7.4

3

2.95

3.07

200

7.4

4

3.91

4.03

350

7.4

5

4.88

5.05

520

7.4

6

5.85

6.07

760

7.4

8

7.73

7.98 1000

7.4

10

9.63

10.02 999999999

7.4

12

11.57

12 999999999

7.4

14

13.25 999999999

7.4

16

15.25 999999999

7.4

18

17.25 999999999

7.4

20

19.25 999999999

7.4

24

23.25 999999999 999999999

26

25.25 999999999 999999999

30

29.25 Roughness

0 0

Suction

Diffuser

Flow

Limiting

Valve

Type L

COPPER

SCH 40 or

STD WT

STEEL

(29)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22 heck

Ball

Butterfly

Wye-Strainer

Suction

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

$15.55

$10.30

$17.00 999999999

999999999

$19.20

$18.85 999999999

$18.70

$16.95

$18.70 999999999

999999999

$21.50

$19.85 999999999

$19.65

$21.50

$19.65 999999999

999999999

$23.00

$22.00 999999999

$25.00

$32.50

$25.00 999999999

999999999

$51.50

$25.00 999999999

$28.50

$42.50

$28.50 999999999

999999999

$365.00

$34.50 999999999

$34.00

$51.50

$34.00

$227.00

$26.50

$440.00

$47.00

$250.00

$45.00

$172.00

$41.50

$228.00

$74.50

$650.00

$136.00

$279.00

$51.50

$261.00

$46.50

$240.00

$84.00

$805.00

$151.00

$279.00

$224.00

999999999 999999999

$271.00

$135.00

$1,225.00

$226.00

$550.00

$287.00

999999999 999999999

$335.00

$209.00

$1,225.00

$310.00

$725.00

$350.00

999999999 999999999

$375.00

$209.00

$2,325.00

$350.00

$755.00

$420.00

999999999 999999999

$485.00

$232.00

$2,550.00

$405.00

$1,025.00

heck

Ball

Butterfly

Wye-Strainer

Suction

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

$17.15

$62.50

$38.46

999999999

$7.75

$18.85 999999999

$18.85

$83.00

$38.46

999999999

$9.45

$21.00 999999999

$37.50

$103.00

$48.74 999999999

999999999

$12.90

$23.50 999999999

$25.00

$138.00

$55.82

999999999

$17.20

$25.00 999999999

$31.50

$180.00

$66.10

999999999

$101.00

$34.50 999999999

$46.50

$255.00

$85.60

$227.00

$26.50

$106.00

$47.00

$250.00

$135.00 999999999 999999999

$228.00

$74.50

$128.00

$136.00

$279.00

$149.00 999999999 999999999

$240.00

$84.00

$142.00

$151.00

$279.00

$224.00 999999999 999999999

$271.00

$135.00

$181.00

$226.00

$550.00

$287.00

999999999 999999999

$335.00

$209.00

$283.00

$310.00

$725.00

$350.00 999999999 999999999

$375.00

$209.00

$283.00

$350.00

$755.00

$420.00 999999999 999999999

$485.00

$232.00

$580.00

$420.00

$1,025.00

$475.00 999999999 999999999

$620.00

$261.00

$1,100.00

$530.00

$2,475.00

$615.00 999999999 999999999

$925.00

$350.00

$1,675.00

$620.00 $3,475.00

$805.00

999999999 999999999

$1,225.00

$455.00

$3,075.00

$810.00 $5,075.00

$1,050.00

999999999 999999999

$1,600.00

$600.00

$4,350.00

$1,050.00 999999999

$805.00 999999999 999999999

$2,075.00

$695.00

$5,564.89

$1,073.37

999999999

$1,102.50 999999999 999999999

$2,550.00

$1,050.00

$7,139.48

$1,197.08

999999999

$1,400.00 999999999 999999999

$3,575.00

$1,400.00 $10,877.33

$1,444.48

999999999

$1,375.30 999999999 999999999

$4,256.58

$1,634.54 $13,040.59 $1,568.18 999999999

$1,589.62 999999999 999999999

$5,705.58

$2,186.43 $17,955.78 $1,815.58 999999999

(30)

Insulation

thickness

per

T24

Motor

and

VF

Pipe diameter is less than: (in inches)

HP

Greater than

0

1

2

4

6

8

0.00

2

3

4

5

6

7 1/12

1

1 1/2

1/8

1/2

1

1 1/6

0

0 1/4

1

1 1/2

1/3

1 1/2

1/2

1 1/2

2

3 1/2

3/4

2

2 1/2

3 1/2

1.00

2 1/2

3

3 1/2

1.50

2.00

3.00

5.00

7.50

15.00

20.00

25.00

40.00

50.00

75.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

$500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 $2,500.00 $3,000.00 $3,500.00 $4,000.00 $4,500.00 $5,000.00 Column U $ $ $ $ $1 $1

(31)

8 9 10 11 Column M Column O 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 $-$200.00 $400.00 $600.00 $800.00 $1,000.00 $1,200.00 $1,400.00 $1,600.00 Column T 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 -0 5 10 15 20 25 30 $-$500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 $2,500.00 $3,000.00 $3,500.00 $4,000.00 Column S

(32)

10 12 14

20 25 30

Column S Column S

(33)

Threshold for fully turbulent rough flow

Re3

Re2

2.70E+01

9.00E+00

3.00E+00

20 8.57E-01

9.03E-01

9.50E-01

66.67 4.75E+05

6.08E+03

7.80E+01

500 8.52E+07

1.94E+05

4.40E+02

2500

9.26E+09

4.41E+06

2.10E+03

10000

9.73E+10

2.12E+07

4.60E+03

2.00E+04

inches

Reynolds

Number*

10-4

Relative

Roughness,

D/E

(34)

23

24

25 iffuser

Flow Limiting Valve

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

999999999

$120.98

$17.15

999999999

$131.12

$18.85

999999999

$142.72

$21.00

999999999

$263.70

$25.00

999999999

$263.70

$31.50

$63.00

$394.10

$37.50

$104.00

$587.54

$45.00

$104.00

$587.54

$170.00

$194.00

$1,514.78

$226.00

$278.00

$1,514.78

$205.18

$320.00

$1,514.78

$251.56

$390.00

$2,338.04

$344.31

iffuser

Flow Limiting Valve

Inst ($/ea)

Mat ($/ea)

Inst ($/ea)

999999999

$120.98

$17.15

999999999

$131.12

$18.85

999999999

$142.72

$21.00

999999999

$263.70

$25.00

999999999

$263.70

$31.50

$63.00

$394.10

$37.50

$104.00

$587.54

$45.00

$104.00

$587.54

$170.00

$194.00

$1,514.78

$226.00

$278.00

$1,514.78

$205.18

$320.00

$1,514.78

$251.56

$390.00

$2,338.04

$344.31

$440.00

$2,654.16

$437.07

$585.00

$3,401.69

$529.83

$705.00

$4,445.58

$626.98

999999999

$6,191.38

$719.65

999999999

$8,922.05

$812.33

999999999

$11,209.68

$905.00

999999999

$13,497.32

$1,090.35

999999999

(35)

D drive cost

Motor and VF

Pump

VFD

HP

Materials

Installation

Total

Materials

Installation

Total

$272

$112

$384

$829

$355

$1,184

$455

$112

$567

$829

$355

$1,184

1/12

$555

$135

$690

$829

$355

$1,184

1/8

$705

$135

$840

$829

$355

$1,184

1/6

$980

$168

$1,148

$829

$355

$1,184

1/4

$1,025

$168

$1,193

$829

$355

$1,184

1/3

$1,175

$168

$1,343

$829

$355

$1,184

1/2

$1,700

$168

$1,868

$868

$355

$1,223

3/4

$1,550

$224

$1,774

$1,466

$355

$1,821

1.00 $1,825

$224

$2,049

$1,466

$355

$1,821

1.50 $1,900

$292

$2,192

$1,525

$455

$1,980

2.00 $2,350

$375

$2,725

$1,675

$455

$2,130

3.00 $2,925

$395

$3,320

$1,975

$545

$2,520

5.00 $5,800

$515

$6,315

$1,975

$545

$2,520

7.50 $7,025

$655

$7,680

$3,375

$820

$4,195

15.00 $7,250

$680

$7,930

$3,925

$1,100

$5,025

20.00 $9,475

$870

$10,345

$4,775

$1,100

$5,875

25.00 $11,900

$1,000

$12,900

$7,650

$1,375

$9,025

40.00 $16,200

$1,250

$17,450

$8,375

$1,600

$9,975

50.00 $18,000

$1,475

$19,475

$11,700

$1,800

$13,500

75.00 $22,300

$1,650

$23,950

$12,900

$1,800

$14,700

100.00 $33,100

$2,150

$35,250

$20,500

$2,125

$22,625

150.00 #DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

200.00

11 1/2 12 12 1/2 13 13 1/2 14 14 1/2 15 15 1/2 16 16 1/2 $-2,000.00 4,000.00 6,000.00 8,000.00 0,000.00 2,000.00 f(x) = 1343.75x - 11370.83

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

(40)

D drive cost per HP

Pump

VFD

Materials

Installation

Materials

Installation

$5,460.00

$1,344.00

$9,945.25

$4,260.00

$4,440.00

$1,080.00

$6,630.17

$2,840.00

$4,230.00

$810.00

$4,972.63

$2,130.00

$3,920.00

$672.00

$3,315.08

$1,420.00

$3,075.00

$504.00

$2,486.31

$1,065.00

$2,350.00

$336.00

$1,657.54

$710.00

$2,266.67

$224.00

$1,157.84

$473.33

$1,550.00

$224.00

$1,465.58

$355.00

$1,216.67

$149.33

$977.06

$236.67

$950.00

$146.00

$762.50

$227.50

$783.33

$125.00

$558.33

$151.67

$585.00

$79.00

$395.00

$109.00

$773.33

$68.67

$263.33

$72.67

$468.33

$43.67

$225.00

$54.67

$362.50

$34.00

$196.25

$55.00

$379.00

$34.80

$191.00

$44.00

$297.50

$25.00

$191.25

$34.38

$324.00

$25.00

$167.50

$32.00

$240.00

$19.67

$156.00

$24.00

$223.00

$16.50

$129.00

$18.00

$220.67

$14.33

$136.67

$14.17

$220.67

$14.33

$136.67

$14.17

(41)