Mentum-Planet-5-7-LTE.pdf

Mentum Planet 5.7

LTE

Mentum Planet Public Training

MP502

Copyright © 2014

InfoVista S.A. All rights reserved.

Notice

This document contains confidential and proprietary information of InfoVista S.A. and may not be copied, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system, or reproduced in any format or media, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of InfoVista S.A. Information contained in this document supersedes that found in any previous manuals, guides, specifications data sheets, or other information that may have been provided or made available to the user.

This document is provided for informational purposes only, and InfoVista S.A. does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, quality, validity, completeness or suitability for any purpose the information contained in this document. InfoVista S.A. may update, improve, and enhance this document and the products to which it relates at any

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THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. Trademark Acknowledgement

Mentum, Mentum Planet and Mentum Ellipse are registered trademarks owned by InfoVista S.A. MapInfo Professional is a registered trademark of PB MapInfo Corporation. iBwave Design is a trademark owned by iBwave. This document may contain other trademarks, trade names, or service marks of other organizations, each of which is the property of

its respective owner. Last updated January 2014 , MP502 LTE

Introduction to LTE

LTE Requirements

• LTE was the result of a study item which finalized the requirements

in 2005, as follow:

– Reduced delays

– Increased user data rates

– Increased cell-edge bit rates

– Reduced cost per bit

– Greater flexibility of spectrum usage

– Simplified network architecture

– Seamless mobility

– Reasonable UE power consumption

LTE Design Targets

• Higher Data Rates

– Enables true “mobile broadband” connectivity

• Shorter Delays

– Enables latency-sensitive services such as voice & gaming

• Better Spectral Efficiency

– Helps operator with the explosion of the mobile data traffic

• Mobility Support

User Throughput Target

• LTE release 8 targets a substantial increase in end-user data

throughput compared to previous radio standards

• Theoretical peak data rates

– Downlink: > 100mbps in a 20 MHz channel compared to 14mbps for HSPA

release 6

– Uplink: > 50mbps in a 20 MHz channel compared to 5.7mbps for HSPA

release 6

• Practical cell throughput

– Downlink: 3-4x spectrum efficiency over release 6

– Uplink: 2-3x spectrum efficiency over release 6

Basic Principles - Capacity

• Achieved Data Rate is a function of the bandwidth and spectral

efficiency











 



N

S

B

C

log

₂

1

Where…

C is the data rate in bits per second S is the signal power level

N is the noise power level B is the bandwidth

Power Limited

LTE Technologies to Increase User

Throughput

• Higher order modulation schemes

– Enable increased payload in areas of high CINR

• Wider bandwidth

– Maximum 20 MHz channel

• MIMO

– Spatial multiplexing increases user throughput by exploiting the non correlated transmission paths of several antenna pairs

Latency Target

• User plan latency

– Current 3G networks have latency of 50-100ms

– Target for LTE is a reduction of latency by a factor of 5, which means a target of 10ms.

• Connection setup latency

Spectrum Efficiency Target

• LTE objective in terms of spectrum

efficiency is to increase it 3-4 times

(downlink) and 2-3 times (uplink)

over HSPA release 6

• Spectrum efficiency of LTE Release 8

is superior to HSPA release 8 with

the same MIMO configuration

– Improvement is more modest but still significant

• LTE broadcast mode (MBMS) to offer

1 bps/Hz spectrum efficiency

• LTE peak spectral efficiency is > 5

bps/Hz

Technology Downlink Spectral Efficiency (bits/Hz) Uplink Spectral Efficiency (bits/Hz) HSPA Rel. 6 0.5 (0.4-0.7) 0.3 (0.2-0.4) HSPA Rel. 7 (MIMO 2x2) 1.2 0.5 HSPA Rel. 8 (MIMO 2x2) 1.4 0.5 LTE (MIMO 2x2) 1.7 (1.5–2.1) 0.7 (0.6 – 1.0) 10

Comparison of Spectrum Efficiency

SNR – The Main Driver to Spectral

Efficiency

Mobility Support Target

• In order to be a suitable replacement for all existing wireless technologies, LTE

must offer a level of mobility support similar to (or better than) to existing

technologies

• Objective for LTE is to support high level of mobility (350km/h) while delivering

optimal performance for low speed devices as most of the data users are non

mobile devices (typically indoor)

– Mobility defined as handover between cells which are imperceptible in terms of delays or loss of data

Coverage Target

• LTE is optimized for small cells but capable of operating with ranges up to 100 km

to enable wide, rural area coverage

• Cell edge performance target of LTE is to achieve 0.02 – 0.03 bps/Hz/user

– This is 2-3 times what is offered by HSPA release 6!

Orthogonal Multiplexing Principles

• A single high data rate stream is broken into multiple (M) parallel lower data

rate streams which are modulated individually on (M) narrowband carriers

which are orthogonal

• Advantages

– Increases the symbol duration by a factor M, making it much longer than the delay spread of the channel

– Very simple equalization procedure in the receiver – Easy to adapt to large bandwidths

• Disadvantages

Frequency Illustration of OFDM

subcarriers

Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)

• OFDM has an inherently high peak to average power ratio (i.e. peak power

compared to average power)

• This leads to issues associated with amplifier non linearity and clipping, leading

to a degradation of the signal CINR

• The PAPR increases with the number of subcarriers and therefore, a wider

bandwidth OFDM carrier will have a higher PAPR

• Techniques exist to reduce PAPR

– Clipping and filtering, typically along with oversampling in order to reduce out of band radiation

Power Envelope of OFDM signal

time

Average Power

Sensitivity to Frequency Offsets

• In OFDM, all subcarriers are orthogonal provided that their frequency spacing is

constant

– Change in the frequency spacing introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI) as the orthogonality is lost.

• Frequency shifts can happen for many reasons

– A moving mobile will introduce a Doppler shift or spread as the multipath components will be shifted as a function of their angle of arrival

– Frequency errors can be introduced by the local components of the UE, particularly the oscillators

Illustration of Frequency Shift

Timing Offsets

• Inter symbol interference (ISI) is caused by the delay spread associated with the

radio channel

• OFDM implements a cyclic prefix, which prevents ISI due to time dispersive

channel

• When the impulse response length is greater than the duration of the cyclic

prefix, interference occurs

– LTE provides 2 length options for the cyclic prefix

Special Consideration for broadcasting

mode (MBSFN)

• LTE is designed to support a single frequency network mode (MBSFN)

• In this mode, all cells transmit the same information on a subset of the resource

blocks and the UE combines these signals

• This implies that the relative timing of arrival of the various signals must fall

within the cyclic prefix duration

• LTE approach to this is to…

– Double the number of subcarriers, which doubles the length of the symbol duration (at the expense of mobility)

– The length of the cyclic prefix is therefore also doubled to 33us when using the extended cyclic prefix (1/4 of the symbol length)

Summary of Cyclic Prefix Configurations

Normal Cyclic Prefix Extended Cyclic Prefix Extended Cyclic Prefix MBSFN

Symbol duration 71.3us 83.3us 166.7

Cyclic Prefix Length 5.2us 16.7us 33.3us

Distance equivalent at

speed of light 1.560km 5km 10km

Subcarrier spacing 15kHz 15kHz 7.5kHz

Number of symbols per

resource blocks 7 6 3

Time & Frequency Illustration

Summary of OFDM

• OFDM has been used successfully for years

• OFDM achieves high performance despite the low complexity of the receiver

• OFDM implements a cyclic prefix (CP) in order to avoid inter symbol interference

(ISI)

• OFDM parameters must be configured based on the operating environment and

particularly with regards to the mobility requirements

SC-FDMA

• The LTE uplink uses single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)

• Advantages of SC-FDMA compared to OFDMA

– It offers a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), in contrast with OFDMA, due to its single carrier nature.

– It has a low sensitivity to carrier offset frequency

• Both of these advantages are important for the user equipment (UE) for which

cost & power consumptions are important elements

Flexible Bandwidth

• The subcarrier spacing is the same, no matter what the channel bandwidth is • Therefore, the number of resource

blocks is a function of the channel bandwidth Channel Bandwidth (MHz) Number of Resource Blocks 1.4 6 3 15 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100

Channel Bandwidth & Spectral

Efficiency

• Spectral efficiency is linked to the

channel bandwidth of LTE

– The guard bands represent a larger proportion of the total channel bandwidth

– Frequency domain scheduling is more efficient on channels with large bandwidths 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

LTE Channel Bandwidth

Spe ct ral E ffici en cy (bps/Hz ) 1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 28

Interference Coordination

• Interference in LTE is due to the

re-use of the same resource block by 2

(or more) eNodeB

• Interference scheduling uses the X2

interface to exchange information

allowing neighboring eNodeB’ to:

– Schedule resource blocks in order to minimize collisions

– Schedule collisions when the difference in signal level between the serving cell is maximal

Network Settings

LTE Interference Coordination

• Scheduling strategy to control the inter-cell interference and provide benefits for LTE performance at the cell edge

• Determines certain frequency-time domain restrictions to the UL and DL schedulers in a cell and which power can be allocated to these resources to reduce the interference seen in the neighborhood F1+F2+F 3 F1+F2+F 3 F1+F2+F 3 F1 F2 F3

Cell-edge terminals cell 2 Cell-edge terminals cell 3 Cell-edge terminals cell 1

Cell-center terminals cell 1

Reduced Tx power f

f

f

f

Outer cell

Inner cell Inner cell Outer cell

Inner vs. Outer cell

• Cell A:

- Few subscribers are allocated to the outer cell. As a result, the FFR usage is low, e.g. 10% (blue area). The inner cell captures 90% of cell A’s traffic.

- In the outer cell, only a portion of the resource elements are allocated. For example, 25%.

Outer cell

Inner cell _{Inner cell} Outer cell

Inner vs. Outer cell

• A subscriber located in the inner cell (green) experiences full interference (minus the loading). • A subscriber located in the outer cell (blue) experiences a reduced interference (thanks to

interference coordination).

Interference Coordination (1/2)

• Let’s look at a subscriber allocated to the A cell’s outer cell (blue)

• Obviously, it will experience interference from the B cell.

• Since the FFR usage of the A cell (10%) is lower than the FFR usage of the B cell (50%), the eNodeB can make sure that the

Outer cell

Inner cell _{Inner cell} Outer cell

Interference Coordination (2/2)

• Let’s now look at a subscriber allocated to the B cell’s outer cell (blue)

• Obviously, it will experience interference from the A cell.

• Since the FFR usage of the B cell (50%) is greater than the FFR usage of the A cell (10%), it will receive interference from both the outer cell and the inner cell.

• In our example, out of the total received interference from the A cell, only 1/5 (10% vs. 50%) comes from the outer cell, and hence the interference coordination gain is reduced.

Outer cell

Inner cell _{Inner cell} Outer cell

Interference Coordination Gain (Basic)

• The basic scheduler assumes a random distribution of the resource elements allocated to the outer cells.

• This option is slightly pessimistic.

• In our example, the interference would be reduced by 75%, since only 25% of the resource Outer cell

Inner cell _{Inner cell} Outer cell

Interference

Coordination Gain (Advanced)

• The advanced scheduler assumes advanced communication between eNodeBs on the X2 interface.

• This option is slightly optimistic.

• The algorithm cancels out the interference from the most interfering sectors.

• If all sectors use 25% of the resource elements in the outer cell, the outer cell interference of the 3 most interfering sectors will be entirely eliminated.

Outer cell

Inner cell _{Inner cell} Outer cell

Time Domain Structure

• An LTE radio frame is 10ms in duration and is composed of 10 sub-frames of 1ms each • Each sub-frame consists of 2 slots of 0.5 ms each

• Each slot is composed of 7 OFDM symbols (only 6 when using extended cyclic prefix) • Therefore, each radio frame (10ms) is made of 140 OFDM symbols of 71.3us in duration

Frequency Domain Structure

• In the frequency domain, the carrier spacing of the sub-carriers is 15kHz • At the center of the OFDM carrier, there is a DC subcarrier

• Each resource block is made of 12 consecutive sub-carriers, which represents 180kHz • The number of resource blocks is a function of the channel bandwidth

LTE Downlink Resource Elements

• A resource element corresponds to one symbol of one sub-carrier • It is the smallest unit of information on the downlink

Downlink Resource Blocks

• A resource block corresponds to 12 consecutive sub-carriers during one slot (0.5ms) • Therefore, each resource block is made of 84 resource elements

• A resource block is the smallest unit that can be allocated by the scheduler • The raw maximum payload of a resource block is 504 bits (64 QAM)

Reference Symbols

• LTE employs coherent detection, which means that it employs channel

knowledge

– Accurate estimation of the propagation channel is achieved by means of transmission of known signals which do not carry data

– This impacts the spectral efficiency as this introduces overhead

• Reference signals are mapped into resource elements in the frequency / time

lattice offered by OFDM

• Interpolation in the time and frequency domain is used for the data resource

elements which do not have reference signals

Reference Symbols

• In the frequency domain, there is 1 reference symbol per 6 subcarriers • In the time domain, there are 2 reference symbols per slot

• The reference signals are staggered such that there is a reference signal every 3 subcarriers in each slot

Reference Signal Transmission

• Reference signals are modulated using a QPSK in order to keep the PAPR low

• The reference signal can be boosted compared to the data resource elements, up

to a maximum of 6 dB (3 dB being typical)

Reference Symbols & Multiple Antenna

Ports

• In a MIMO configuration, there are multiple antenna ports and each will have its own propagation channel

– Estimation must therefore be performed independently for the multiple ports – LTE supports up to 4 antenna ports (4x4 MIMO)

– Overlapping resource elements are set to zero power to minimize intra-cell interference between the multiple antenna ports

Uplink Transmission

• Sub-carrier spacing in the uplink is the same as the downlink (15 kHz) • Unlike the downlink, there is no DC sub-carrier in the uplink

• Time/Frequency assigned to a user are consecutive

• Inter-slot Frequency hopping provides additional frequency diversity & interference averaging

Uplink Reference Signal

• 2 types of reference signals

– Channels sounding reference signals – Demodulation reference signals

• Reference signals are time multiplexed with data

• Channel sounding reference signals are wide-band and used for channel

estimation

– Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) estimated by the eNodeB and reported by the DL

Connection Setup

• UE acquires time & frequency of a cell and detect identification during cell search

• LTE eNodeB transmits primary and secondary synchronization signal to assist cell search procedure

– Synchronization signals are inserted in specific OFDM symbols • The initial cell search is performed in 2 steps

– Step 1 finds the cell identity group and frame timing

– Step 2 resolves the pseudo-random sequence used to generate the reference signal and resolves frame timing

• Initial cell search has relaxed timing requirements to allow for resolution of all the unknowns such as bandwidth and carrier frequency

Paging

• Like with any prior technologies, paging is used for network-initiated connection

• Discontinuous transmission is used and UE can only be paged at specific point in

time, allowing the UE to “sleep” most of the time, reducing idle-mode battery

consumption

– Paging message includes the UE identity

– UE will discard any information unless it finds its identity

Resource Scheduling

• Frequency and time domain scheduling with OFDMA

• Allows an optimal allocation of radio resources to users for all channel types • Interference can also be scheduled in

order to maximize resource re-use while maintaining cell edge coverage

Network and site settings for LTE

Defining Frame Editor Parameters

• 3GPP LTE frame definition for

downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-FDMA)

Network Settings

Slow Fading

Network Settings

Hard Handover

Network Settings

MBSFN Areas

Site Editor

Defining Sector Link Parameters

Site Editor

Defining Link Configurations

Cable (Feeder) length is set at the sector level

Link Configurations

Creating

Multiple Antenna Techniques

• Multiple Antenna Techniques can be broken into 3 sub-categories

– Space-time coding, where diversity gain against fading is achieved through the use of the multiple Tx-Rx links to exploit the independent fading characteristics on the links for the transmission of a single data stream

– Spatial Multiplexing, where multiple data streams are transmitted in multiple Tx-Rx links that are sufficiently different in terms of spatial signature such that receiver can separate the streams

– Beamforming, where the phase & gain is applied to several antennas in order to maximize the received power and minimize the level of interference provided that there is sufficient knowledge of the channel between the Tx and the Rx

Advantages of MIMO

• When the CINR is low, use of diversity coding improves performance against fading (i.e. coverage)

• When the CINR is high, spatial multiplexing can increase system throughput

• Beamforming can increase CINR and hence both coverage and throughput

MIMO Experimentation

• MIMO 2x2 requires high CINR to offer any advantage over SIMO

• MIMO 4x4 always provides substantial advantage

• MIMO gain in the field is impaired by the antenna correlation

DL reference signal (3GPP 36.211)

Normal CP, # Tx antenna = 1

Normal CP, # Tx antenna = 2

Normal CP, # Tx antenna = 4

Antenna Algorithms

Applying Beam-forming Increase power Smart Antenna Diversity Spatial Multiplexing

Antenna Algorithms

Enabling MIMO in a Sector

1

• Enable the check box next to those ports you want to use with the antennas.

2

• Setup Antenna Algorithms with Antenna Algorithm Editor

3 • Select MIMO method for sector in Link Tab

4

• Set TX power in Power Tab based on TX PA count e.g. 2x 43dBm = 46dBm.

5

• Planet Automatically adjusts analysis outputs based on assigned MIMO algorithm.

LTE MIMO type layer

Site Editor

Site Editor

Defining Configuration Settings

Site Editor

Site Editor

Defining Coordination Settings

Site Editor

Introduction

Defining a LTE Workflow (con’t)

12 • Optionally, generate traffic maps.

13 • Define subscriber settings.

14 • Define environment settings.

15 • Generate an analysis or simulation.

16 • Generate and view layer statistics.

17 • Optionally, generate interference matrices.

18 • Optionally, generate neighbor lists.

19 • Optionally, create coverage maps.

20 • Create reports.

21

• Visualize in Virtual Google Earth

Network Overlay Tool

• Simplifies the creation of an

LTE overlay on an existing

2G or 3G network

• Supports initial creation on

ongoing updates of the

overlay from the underlying

2G/3G network

• Supports all technologies

including CDMA/EV-DO,

Traffic Map Management

• Provides detailed modeling of

how and where subscribers

utilize the network

– A critical input for accurate

network performance modeling

• Traffic map generation

distributes measured or

modeled traffic

• Support for multiple traffic

maps for various traffic

scenarios & services

• Detailed subscriber modeling

– Defines how subscribers access the network (services, priorities,

user equipment) Detailed traffic map & Monte-Carlo simulations

Traffic Maps

Traffic Maps

Sector Display Schemes for Network Data

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

Instant Graphical Statistics based on imported network data:

“Top Ten Drop Call Sectors Bar Graph” and ”Top 30 Sectors Carried Traffic Line graph”

Any two columns can be defined for running statistics in Bar, Line

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

• Using Network Data allows us to import and create traffic data based on Switch

or Network Statistics for use in Mentum Planet

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

• Using Network Data as traffic data input and apply clutter weight for the traffic

map generation.

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

• Use pre-bound network data and traffic spreading algorithm.

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

• Apply the clutter weighting to the traffic map

Traffic Maps

Creating from Network Data

Traffic Maps

Social Media and Geolocalization

80

•

Ability to leverage social media

information in traffic map

generation

•

Ability to leverage geolocated

measurements in traffic map

generation

•

Geolocated by Mentum Planet

geolocation engine

•

Or geolocated by 3

rd

_-party

geolocation engine

•

Very accurate traffic map

generation process

Traffic Maps

Environments

Defining

82 For each environment, you define the:

 Slow Fading Standard Deviation  Outdoor Fast Fading Margin  Outdoor Penetration Loss  Vehicular Fast Fading Margin  Vehicular Penetration Loss  Indoor Fast Fading Margin  Indoor Penetration Loss

 Deep Indoor Fast Fading Margin  Deep Indoor Penetration Loss

Subscribers

Defining

Subscribers Editor

• The characteristics of

subscribers are defined

using the nodes in the

Subscriber Settings dialog

box.

• Possibility to create a

diverse mix of subscribers

by defining different

services, quality types,

and user equipment types

and assigning them to

subscriber types.

Subscribers

Services

Subscribers

Voice Over LTE Services

Subscribers

Voice Over LTE Services: Semi-Persistent Scheduling

The goal of Semi-Persistent Scheduling is to reduce PDCCH overhead. Typically,

access grant provided by PDCCH Channel every 20ms. With semi-persistent

scheduling, pre-allocated resources

• No need to grant every single voice packet, which means less PDCCH

resources

Subscribers

Voice Over LTE Services: TTI Bundling

88

• The goal of TTI bundling is to improve uplink cell edge coverage.

• HARQ interlace time is 8 milliseconds: Latency and higher overhead issues

for users in poor radio conditions.

• Bundle of four TTIs: four consecutive repetitions of the same UL data. Lower

required C/(N+I) and better latency.

LTE Subscriber Equipment

• Radio bearers defined in

network settings are listed in a

tabular format

• All Bearers, can be individually

enabled/ disabled for different

equipment configurations

• UE MIMO configurations are set

at the Equipment level

• MBSFN modulation can be

LTE Subscriber Equipment

Subscribers

Understanding Input Load

• The input load is amount traffic contributed by one subscriber from

using a given service

• The type of service and usage pattern determines input load per

subscriber

• The input load and traffic map together determine the number of

active subscribers in each Monte Carlo simulation run

• Input load is quantified by Erlang per subscriber and Throughput

per subscriber

Subscribers

Understanding Activity Factors

• A packet data call consists a number of packet transmissions. The

two consecutive packets are separated by the packet inter-arrival

time. Therefore, transmission of data packets is not continuous.

• From the RF point view, the radio channel is active during packet

transmission, and, inactive during the packet inter-arrival time,

when no packet is transmitted (although from network point of

view, the user is still in active state until a timeout period is

reached).

• The activity factor is defined as the percentage of time when radio

channel transmits on downlink/uplink.

• DL and UL activity factors are used in sector throughput and

interference calculation

Subscribers

Defining DL/UL Activity Factor

• For a circuit switched voice service, the activity factor is typically 40% to

50%

• For packet switched data service, the activity factor varies with

applications and radio bearers used to support the service

• The DL/UL activity factors in the Planet service settings should be defined

according to the lowest DL/UL bearer service data rates that are allowed

for the service.

• The Planet analysis algorithm automatically scales activity factor when

the served by a higher data rate bearer.

Subscribers

Understanding Usage Weightings

• Subscribers in different

environment may experience different radio signal fading and losses

• Mentum Planet defines four environment types that can be

assigned individually to each clutter class

• The usage weightings determine the traffic distribution in different environment types

• Different speeds can be models for each subscriber

Changing the analysis area

Creating a custom area

Changing the analysis area

Creating a custom area

Use any of the polygon tools to draw a specific shape on your map window, then use the Select tool and click on it

Changing the analysis area

Creating a custom area

LTE Monte Carlo Simulations

• Mentum Planet LTE Monte-Carlo simulation engine

makes it possible to analyse system performance

• Traffic/subscribers

• Service (VOIP, web)

• User Equipment

• Adaptive Modulation

• QoS classes

• RF performance

• System capacity limits

_{Monte-Carlo simulation, subscribers & Ec/Io}

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Setup Wizard

Monte Carlo Simulations

Generating

Monte Carlo Simulations

Reports

Available reports for a Monte Carlo simulation are:  Sectors/carrier  Subscribers – Per sector/carrier – Global  Throughputs – Per sector/carrier – Global

 All simulation runs (Sector/Carrier)

Report Preview

Viewing

Export to Excel

Create a sector display scheme for statistical data

Network Analysis

Defining a Workflow

1 • Configure the Mentum Planet project including site configurations, antennas, and propagation models.

2

• Optionally, generate predictions.

3

• Specify and define antenna algorithms (if applicable), environments, and subscriber types.

4

• Generate the network analysis.

5

• Analyze results.

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Setup Wizard

LTE Network Analyses

Viewing Results

LTE Network Analyses

Analysis Layers

• Best Server based on

– Reference signal strength – RSRQ

• Reference signal received

power (RSRP), Reference Signal

Strength Indicator (RSSI) and

quality (RSRQ)

• Reference signal probability

• Best Channel

• MIMO

– Diversity gain

– Spatial multiplexing gain

• Interference coordination

Best available downlink modulation layer

LTE Network Analyses

Analysis Layers

• PDCCH/PDSCH/Uplink C/(N+I)

• Downlink/Uplink modulation

coverage probabilities

• Downlink/Uplink Peak and

Average Data Rates

• Composite Coverage

• Worst Interfering Sector

• Per-channel and Best

Server-based layers

Generating statistics for an Analysis Layer

Layer statistics

Displaying the layer on the map is not mandatory, but it will give you a good idea on what to expect from the statistics.

Layer Statistics

Generating

Changing the analysis area

Choosing your area of interest

Statistics will be calculated only within the region chosen in the Analysis Area drop-down menu.

New areas can be created by using the Areas function under the Project Data category in Project Explorer.

Ignoring invalid bins

Applying filters to ignore unwanted bins

Selecting a grid to filter

The grid you query can be an existing analysis layer or a any other grid you have created/generated before.

Remember you can use the Areas function in Mentum Planet to create grids based on existing polygons.

Applying filters to ignore unwanted bins

Applying filters to ignore unwanted bins

Operators

Operator Meaning

v Reserved character to stand for "value"

== Equal

!= Not equal

> Greater than

>= Greater than or equal to < Less than

<= Less than or equal to && And

|| Or

Applying filters to ignore unwanted bins

Viewing the stats

Sorting and exporting

In the Report Preview, results will be shown in absolute (km²) and relative (%) numbers, and can be sorted in ascending or descending order.

This report can be exported to Excel or CSV format. 126

Creating graphs

Creating graphs

X vs. Y

You can also select multiple columns in the Report Previewer and click on the Show Graph button to display a graph that will compare the multiple columns chosen.

When choosing the best server, it can be used to see the ranking of all sectors on a particular metric.

Visualizing your results

Creating Sector Display Schemes and Labels

Interactive Analysis Tool

• User-friendly and Interactive

Analysis tool for LTE in order to

visualize information for any Bin

on the map

• Automatic updates to reflect

network configuration changes

• Visualization of coverage,

interference, and capacity

metrics

• Ability to select receiver height

Interactive Analysis Tool for LTE

Point-to-Point Analysis

Performing

Automated Analyses Generation

Setup

Interference Matrices

Creating

Interference Matrices

Viewing Results

Neighbor Lists

• Generation, editing &

management of multiple

neighbor lists

• Comparison & merging

of several neighbor lists

• Single or

multi-technology neighbor

lists

Neighbor Lists

Neighbor Lists

Generating Neighbor Plans

Neighbor Lists

Generating Neighbor Plans

Neighbor list

Example

• Site C0429

• No Neighbor relations

Neighbor list

Example

• Neighbor Plan applied

• Site list contains Neighbor relations from Neighbor Plan

LTE Automatic Frequency & PCID Planning

Frequency Planning

LTE Automatic Frequency & PCID Planning

LTE Cell Identification (Physical Cell ID)

• 504 reference signal sequences

– Allows for 504 different cell identities

• Reference-signal sequence is the product of a two-dimensional pseudo-random

sequence and a two-dimensional orthogonal sequence

– 168 pseudo-random sequences corresponding to one out of 168 cell-identity groups – 3 orthogonal sequences corresponding to a specific cell identity within each

cell-identity group

LTE Automatic Frequency Planning

Physical Cell ID Planning

• Physical Cell ID planning for LTE

• Incremental or new plan generation • Management of multiple plans

• Management of hard & soft constraints

PRACH Root Sequence Planning

• The LTE physical layer encompasses the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), which carries random access requests from the user equipment in the network.

• The preamble signal sent to the site is selected from available Zadoff-Chu sequences. Which sequences are selected is determined by the PRACH parameters assigned to the sector. This ensures that neighboring sites do not use overlapping sequences.

PRACH Root Sequence Planning

• View the assignments in the Site Editor and export them for further manipulation. • PRACH Root Sequence can

be assigned manually or planned automatically

Automatic PRACH Root Sequence Planning

• Each LTE cell needs 64 Preambles

– Preambles are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences

– Each sequence can generate X Preambles, X being defined by the cell’s Cyclic Shift (Ncs)

PRACH Root Sequence Display

• Visualize the sequences assigned to sectors using the PRACH Root

LTE MBSFN

• MBSFN = Multicast-Broadcast

Single Frequency Network

• Also known as e-MBMS

(enhanced Multimedia

Broadcast Multicast Services)

• Communication channel that

can deliver services such as

mobile TV

• Transmission of the same

data from multiple cells

LTE MBSFN Service Areas Visualization

Combining Area Reserved Area MBSFN Area 150

LTE – MBSFN Analyses

• Detailed MBSFN analyses

– Best Servers

– Signal Time arrivals

– MBSFN C/(N+I)

– Maximum data rate

– Worst interfering sector

• Co-existence of MBSFN and

unicast traffic

– Interference from unicast traffic

onto MBSFN

• Why Offloading to Small Cells?

– Capacity increase

– Improved customer experience

– Reduced Cost

• New dedicated tool in Mentum

Planet for LTE to plan optimize

small cells efficiently

– Where, and how many?

– Macro cellular traffic offloading

and capacity improvements

– Advanced algorithms

– Easy to use

152

Small Cell Planning Tool

Small Cell Planning Workflow

1 • Add vector files to roads to project

2 • Create a traffic map in kbps.

3 • Create a small cell site template

4

• Create an area grid covering where small cells are needed

6 • Create a small cell plan.

7 • Review small cell plan reports.

8 • Create small cell sites.

Small Cell Planning Wizard

154

• Create an area

grid that covers

the area of small

cell planning.

• Create a traffic

map in Kbps/km

2

for this same

area.

• Create a small cell

site template for a

single technology.

Small Cell Planning Wizard

• On the Sector

Selection page,

select all sectors

to include in the

planning process.

Small Cell Planning Wizard

• On the Small Cell Placement

page, do the following:

• Use candidate sites within

the area grid that you have

defined as points in a

MapInfo table.

• Enable the Generate

Candidate Locations on the

Roads check box next to the

files you want to include in

the planning process, and

then for each vector file,

select the location, and

specify the distance

between the sites.

• To use a site template, click

Add, and select the

template to use.

Small Cell Planning Wizard

• On the Exceptions page,

enable the check box next

to those clutter classes that

you do not want to include

in the planning process and,

if required, define the

specify the range outside of

which candidate locations

will be discarded.

• To consider only locations

within a specific percentile,

enable the check box and

define the percentage of

Small Cell Planning Wizard

• Choose the equipment

type to use in small cell

planning.

• Define cell load.

• Choose proper indoor

option.

• Chose to generate

interactive cell planning

data

• Specify how initial

sector loads are

determined.

Step by Step Analysis –

Interactive Cell Planning

Small Cell Planning Results

• Display small cell planning reports

• Optimize the small cell plan

• Create optimized small cells

Network Performance Inspector

•

To have interactive display and

analysis of Key Performance

Indicators.

•

It is possible to

•

View 1 or 2 Key Performance

Indicators at a time

•

View the information for a

group of cells

Network Performance Inspector

162

•

Easy access and visualization of

network performance data

•

Graphical and statistical

visualization of Key

Performance Indicators (e.g.,

cell throughput, call drop rate,

Handover success rate)

•

Ability to identify issues in the

network and cells that need to

be optimized

Raster Analysis

Grid Manager

• Fully integrated Vertical

Mapper™ Raster GIS

platform

– Standard open raster file

format

– Flexible raster map display

capabilities

– Ability to edit any input

(clutter, heights…)

Grids

Modifying

Trimming a grid brings the focus of network analysis onto the area of interest and can reduce the time it takes to generate analyses

Grid Analysis

Understanding Results

Spatial Analysis

Performing

For example, you can use the: • Region Inspection tool • Point Inspection tool • Line Inspection tool

Coverage Maps

Producing

In the Layout window, you can: • Add text by clicking the Text

button on the Main toolbar. • Move and resize frames using

the Select tool.

• Align objects by choosing Layout  Align Objects.

Layered PDFs

Printing

When you print a layered PDF, you can disable/enable layers as you want them displayed on your window