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W!l
Ana}llnEd 'ZlUEJ}I
aU!l0JE)
lJoddns
wexa
pJoJxo
SS3:lId XnSlI3:AINI1
cnlorro
Compound adjectives
What's on the box?
Arthur Miller and Lord of the Flies All my Sons
• Writing • listening • Speaking
Narrative tenses
Marriage in the UK love conquers all Verb patterns
Protest songs A new direction
• Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking
looking into the future Family tensions The meaning of dreams Fighting for equality The European dream? )aques-Yves Cousteau Sweet dreams?
Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking
Conditionals
Ellipsis
Reporting structures
The travel bug Early migration to Time travel Adding empasis Australia
Food or fuel? Youth culture Food of the future Modal verbs
Get Ready for your Exam 4 p.73 • Reading • Use of English • Writing • listening • Speaking
Photo comparison Review
Negotiation Discussion Presentation An article Discursive essay Article: describing a person
Photo comparison Story-writing
Presentation Stimulus-based discussion letter of complaint A report
In confidence The secret agent Hoaxes Passive structures Drawing conclusions
Opinion essay
Threats to our planet
Happy endings? Immortality
Get Ready for your Exam 5 p.91 • Reading • Use of English • Writing • Listening • Speaking
Complex sentences
Presentation Opinion essay
Beginnings
lA
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
Find eight adjectives to describe feelings (-+V,,). I W
0
D I S T R A U G H T Y BK
Y A A D I C R H C R I0
V E R W H E L M E D EX
F M T S Y N G0
P R T B W R R E0
N E N S E E E E I0
C D S0
A M E N D E W TZ
V0
T C U S F SX
Q
I H P R E0
C C U P I E D L D I S0
R I E N T A T E D R I A I C A S S TQ
S C E <\ N C N J M W W E0
T0
R W H0
T L U N EZ
RX
T E N U M M E R U E D S GZ
D2
..
'1hich of the words from exercise 1 describe how you might 'eel in situations1-7?
1 You wake up after a deep sleep and have no idea what time it is or where you are. _ _ _
2 You arrive late at the airport and discover you don't have your passport. _ _ _
3 You're trying to choose a dish from a menu, but there are so many to choose from you don't know where to start.
_ You get homework from four different teachers. They all want you to hand in the homework tomorrow. _ _ _ 5 You're at a party where you hardly know anybody.
You feel too shy to say much. _ _ _
You're worried about an exam you're taking tomorrow and are unable to concentrate on anything else. . _ _ - You want to confront a classmate who you suspect of
stealing money but need to be very careful how to go about
omplete the sentences with the words in the box and -atch the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.
evocative hindsight ingrained recall recollection reminisce
---• With _ __ _ - .\sl _ __ _ , 3 She loves to - .; wood fire hashave no _ -hat song is now
a his flat is on the third floor . b _ _ __ of meeting her.
c a very smell.
d about old times.
e
_ _ __ in my memory. f I should never have gonethere alone.
Memories
J
can talk about childhood memories.
4
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first. 1 I've asked you repeatedly to keep the noise down. (time)2 She recognised him immediately. (once)
3
He's working at his father's shop for now. (being)4 They'll be here very soon. (any)
S Everybody makes mistakes occasionally. (while)
6
My brother was still a baby then. (at)5
Write the adjectives in the correct box to make them negative.affected appropriate approval logical mobile responsible
~
un
Im i r~
.n dis il6
Complete the sentences with prefixes from A and words fromB.
A B anti clockwise co cooked mis employed self heard super sensitive under starred1 I used to work for a company but now I'm ___ . 2 She got food poisoning after eating some _ _ _
chicken.
3
Stand in a circle and pass the ball round in an _ _ _ direction.4 Don't mention her accent. She's _ __ about it. S What's the name of the actor who _ __ with Jo
Depp in The Tourist?
6 I thought he said something rude to me but I f11.g~: have _ __ .
REAL ENGLISH
Inheritance
lB
I can
talk
about inherited characteristics.
1
"LISTENING 1 Listen to Annie talking about similarities between herself and her parents. Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F.1 Facially, Annie and her mother are fairly alike. _ _ 2 Annie and her mother have identical hairstyles. _ _
3
Annie thinks her face is very similar to her father's. _ _ 4 Annie and her father both have a relaxed attitude to life.5 Annie's mother knows what kind of clothes Annie likes. _ _
2
"LISTENING 1 Listen again and complete the phrases Annie uses.1 Well, physically, _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 suppose. 2 ... we're of each other.
3 ... people say they can see _ _ _ _ _ _ my dad and me.
4 ... I've got a _ _ _ _ _ _ in me.
5 When it taste, I reckon I've got _ _ _ _ _ _ with my mum.
6 Is it something _ _ _ __ _ , or is it learned behaviour?
3
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first. 1 It's easy to see that Paul and Joe are from the samefamily. (strong / resemblance)
There _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ 2 You can inherit phobias from your parents. (genetically)
Phobias _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 In terms of politics, Edward and his dad have similar
views. (common)
When _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ 4 Luke looks extremely similar to Matt Damon. (image)
Luke _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _____ _ 5 My personality is very similar to my mum's. (after)
Personality-wise, _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
4
Choose the correct words to complete the text. One or bothanswers may be correct.
5
Write logical responses to the sentences using will or would. 1 The teacher confiscated my phone.Well. 'Iou will keep te'f.ting in
claS
S.
2 I found it really hard to get up this morning.
3 I'm freezing.
4 My grandmother's been suspended from driving.
5 Joe was expelled from his last school.
6 Before I went on a diet I weighed 75 kilos.
Being an identical twin has its ups and downs. On the
positive side, when Max and I were younger
we
lwould
never
/
never used to
feel alone because we
2would
always
/
always used to
have each other to rely on.
I
3
used to
/
would
be quite reserved and he was
outgoing so he
4would
help / helped
me out in social
situations. Unlike some twins, we
S
didn't use to /
wouldn't
have our own language but we always knew
what the other
6used
to think /
was thinking.
Even
now we will often finish off each other's sentences
. One
thing that I found difficult is that I
7didn't use /
used
not
to feel like
an
individual and I
8used to resent
/
was resenting
that sometimes. People used to see us
as
a
unit and call us 'the twins'.
What really gets on my nerves as I get older is that
people
9are
forever mistaking /
forever mistake
me for Max. In my first year at
sixth-form
college
people used to
l°think /
were thinking
I was rude
because I (or in reality, Max)
lldidn't
/
didn't use to
say hello to them around the
college.
Now I
1
2
say
/
will say
hello to everyone
who says
hello to me so that
they
13don't
/
won't
think
my brother's rude. But the
mistaken identity thing
can
be
used
to our advantage
-like when I
14borrowed /
would borrow
Max's driving
licence before I
had passed
my test.
le
(iI'Ju'liJj
"
The origins of English
I can understand and react to an article about the origins of English.
1
Complete the summary with words from the box. alphabet Ang'to-Saxon borrowed Conquest dictionaries disappear evolved farming influenced non-native Old Norseprinting press:peUing
When Britain was invaded by Germanic tribes in the fifth century, it took on the language of the invaders, known as
: _ _ _ or Old English. Many modern day words connected .vith 2 _ _ _ come from this phase. Old English 3 __ _ _ certain words from the Romans and also its 4 _ __ .
t later took words from 5 _ _ _ , the language of Viking
·1vaders.
:.Jter the eleventh century, Middle English began to
=
_
_
.
Its grammar became simpler as word inflections_ _ _ . Many French words were introduced following the '~orman 8 _ _ _ in 1066. The third phase, Modern English,
Jegan with the invention of the 9 _ ___ in the fifteenth :entury. The first 10 _ _ _ were used in the 1700s and as ;: result the 11 _ __ of words became more stable. The
::1guage continues to evolve, and is strongly 12 _ _
:::. the Internet and by the English spoken by 13 _ _ _ 3Jeakers.
::Ead the text quickly, ignoring the gaps. Which three words
;:'e being described?
B _ _ _ _ C _ _ _ _
:3
I~:::;nplete the text with suitable words.-;e the statements true or false? Write T or F.
-oneymoon used to have more positive connotations than
: does today. _
- a honeymoon period, mistakes are tolerated. _
- Koman times soldiers were paid with salt. _
_ 5~/Qry changed its meaning during the transition from
.'.-glo-Norman to modern English._
_ :;~sh has a popular explanation that has not been 3_Dstantiated. _
,vords in the text which match these definitions. • :J Lake no notice of _ _ _ _ _
- :::::came wider _ _ _ _ _ _ :: .ery small amount _ _ _ _ _
! '::csonable and likely to be true _ _ __ _ _ .: -: lOnger used _ __ _ _ _
£YCj~~jY
E
tymology is the study of word origins. It is a subjectwhich seems to hold a remarkable fascination for people, as can be seen from the numerous blogs and Internet sites dedicated 1 _ _ _ lengthy discussions
and speculations 2 _ _ _ the origin of a given word.
Below are a few examples of words that are of particular etymological interest.
[El
According to the lexicographer, Samuel Johnson, the original meaning of this word suggests somewhat cynicallythat marriage begins with the sweetness and tenderness
of honey, but soon wanes 3 _ _ _ the moon. It still retains
those connotations today in the expression honeymoon period which refers to the first stage 4 _ _ _ a new
activity -a government's first tern1 in office, for example -when people are prepared temporarily to ignore 5 _ _ _
imperfections. Nowadays, in the context of marriage, the
pessimistic implications have faded and the word simply
refers to a holiday taken by a newly-married couple.
lm
This word originated from Latin, where salarium, aderivative of sal meaning 'salt', referred to 'an allowance given to soldiers to buy salt'. In former times salt was a
valued commodity, over which wars were 6 _ __ . It was
not taken for 7 _ _ _ as it is today. Use of the word soon
broadened out to the current meaning of 'fixed periodic payment of work done' and passed in this sense via Anglo-Norn1an into English.
[Q]
This word describes something stylishly luxurious. In Britain it also means somebody or something typical8 _ _ _ the upper classes. It first appeared in the early twentieth 9 _ _ _ and was widely 10 _ _ _ to be an acronym for 'Port Out, Starboard Home', referring to the
location of the more desirable cabins on passenger ships
travelling 11 _ __ Britain and India. Those on the port (left) side on the way out, and the starboard (right) on the return trip, benefited from the sea breeze and shelter
from the sun. 12 _ _ _ it provides a very neat explanation, there isn't a shred of evidence for it. A more plausible solution is that the modern adjective, posh, is the same word as the now obsolete noun posh, meaning 'dandy' (a man who cares a lot about his clothes) a slang term current in the late nineteenth century.
';jti'.]!ua
Sporting origins
I can understand an article about the origins of different sports.
1
Complete the sentences using appropriate adverbs or adverbial phrases from the box.by and large categorically gravely loosely resotutely staunchly strictly swiftly widely
_
...
_"'"
1 She stuck to her argument despite beingchallenged by the interviewer.
2 ~~~_, I agreed with what he was saying. 3 When I realised I had put my foot in it, I ~~~_
changed the subject.
4 The novel was ~~~_ based on the writer's own life.
5 He denied reading her diary.
6 The law case was reported in the press. 7 She is opposed to capital punishment. 8 Flash photography is prohibited in this
museum.
9 Be careful when picking wild mushrooms. Certain
pes can make you ill.
2
Q ic ly read the text about three extreme sports. In which (0 try did each sport originate?:
B
C
__
__
__
3
e
texts. Answer the questions A, B orC.
" c
sport,,5 '1Vented by people who found life dull? __ ~ - = :: ':5 first international championships in
1982?
__
3 :=g21 on a mud track and made its way to the world
s:ege? __
- : o:_urages participation in contests? __
J ~ - : : : ,ed after the different categories of the sport? __ ,,5 -2de famous by a programme which was primarily ,,:: _: 2 different sport? __
- _0=5::: safer form of equipment for participants than -"", . -=-7
--
-
_.--- :-= -~ ':5 oractitioners to deal with life's problems? __ -- •. 2n ed as a low·cost alternative for another sport?
::52 set of beliefs? __
5 ,,-: · '1 a famous feature film? __
5 : -::- ::erformed illegally? __
4
Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F.1 The main aim of Parkour is to get from one point to another as quickly as possible. __
2 Some traceurs practised their sport in the Paris underground. __
3 BASE jumping is more dangerous than skydiving. __ 4 Carl Boenish was the first person to accomplish all four
types of BASE jump. __
5 When it first became popular in the USA, young people wanted to participate in motocross but couldn't afford it.
6 Stingray bikes were specially designed for cycling off road. __
5
Find words or phrases in the text which match these definitions.1 a fence made of vertical metal bars (text A)
2 jump over in a single movement, using your hands to push you (text A) ~~~~~ __
3
brave acts (text A) _~~~~ __4 a dishonest way of behaving (text B) _~~~~ __
5 achieves (text B) _~~~~ __
6
became popular (text C) _~~~~ __7 imitating (text C) _~~~~ __
8 a sudden increase (paragraph C) _~~~~ __
Challenge!
What do you think motivates people to take up extreme sports? Write a paragraph and give examples.
Runniing free
[A]
In the early 1990s, in the town of Lisses, 50 minutes south of
Paris, a group of bored teenagers would hang out together in a
p
ark after school. Uninterested in football or other conventional
g
ames, they would entertain themselves by daring each other to
do
stunts using benches, railings, walls and other park furniture
.
From the park they moved into the streets
,
where every object
wa
s viewed as something to be climbed up, vaulted over or swung
fr
om. Their group leader was the exceptionally athletic
seventeen-y
ear-old, David Belle, who had been inspired by the heroic exploits
of
his father, a renowned military firefighter, and by the martial
ar
ts films of Bruce Lee. This group became the founders of
Par
kour or Free-Running (although purists will insist that there is
a
d
ifference between the two)
.
More than just a sport
,
Parkour is
a
d
iscipline and art which aims to develop the body and mind to
b
e
able to overcome obstacles with fluidity, efficiency and speed
and
to apply these skills to the mental as well as the physical
ch
a
l
l
enges in life. In the late nineties, Parkour attracted a huge
u
nd
erground following in France, and gradually emerged across
-
h
e w
orld and later entered the mainstream after featuring in the
lli
d
-2
000s in various documentaries and films
,
notably Casino
~oyale,
starring Sebastien Foucan, another Parkour founder, as a
l'
ee-
running terrorist being chased over rooftops by James Bond.
'1
any
traceurs (practictioners of Parkour) campaign against
s
po
pularisation, fearing that it will lead to commercialism
a'1
d
competition, which goes against its inherent philosophy.
iving on the edge
~
BA
SE jumping is an adventure sport which uses a parachute
:
:
Ju
m
p from fixed objects, which may either be natural features
:.:'
m
a
n-made structures
.
'BASE' is an acronym for the four types
'
:
'
o
bje
cts from which one can jump
;
Building, Antenna, Span
'
:'
bri
dge) and Earth (the word used for a cliff). BASE jumps
differ from traditional skydiving since they are
me:':::
Caltitude with only a few seconds to deploy the par
ac
hL-:"
0:-.take place in close proximity to the object servin
g
as
:
_
platform. Owners of structures are generally relu
ct
a-:
them to be used as Jumping platforms, so many B
A
S
:'
_
resort to subterfuge in order to get to them
.
Modern
ba
sf: _
was invented in 1978 by Carl Boenish, who filmed
a
E--friends jumping from El Capitan (a vertical rock face) i
n
1:'::-National Park, California. They were using a type of
p
a
r: _which was more secure than earlier models and everyo
ne
:-
J-unharmed. Carl and other pioneers of the sport soon
ca~::with the BASE acronym and developed the BASE number
s)~-=where anyone who accomplishes a jump of each type is a
ss
l§;-::
a BASE number, in sequence of the people who have com
p
IE::::
all four types before. Carl was BASE number 4. In 198
4
,
-::
died after hitting a rock outcrop while BASE jumping in Nor
wc.
Extreme biking
[9
Motocross, or 'off-road motorcycle racing', originated in Brita
in
in the 1920s. When the sport finally took off in the USA in the 196
0s
,
many teenagers had the desire, but not the means, to particip
ate.
So instead they started emulating their motocross heroes on t
heir
bicycles
,
wearing full motocross gear. In 1971, a motor
cycle
racing documentary, On Any Sunday, is generally though
t t
o
have inspired a movement which became known as BMX (b
icyc
l
e
motocross)
.
In its opening scenes it showed teenage kids r
iding
their Stingrays
,
the most popular brand of custom bike
,
on a
n o
ff
-road dirt track, handling them with extraordinary skill and de
x
te
r
i
ty.
The relatively low cost of participating in the sport coupled
wit
h
the wide availability of places to ride and do tricks meant th
a
t B
M
X
became an instant hit nationally. It swept across Europe in the
la
t
e
70s and in 1981 the International BMX Federation was fo
unde
d
.
with the first world championships being held the followin
g
year.
In 2003
,
the International Olympic Committee voted to
include
BMX racing in the 2008 Summer Games, in which 32 me
n a
nd
sixteen women participated
.
As a result it enjoyed another
surge
in
popularity
.
Today there are over one thousand BMX track
s
arou
nd
the world and participation in BMX racing is at an all-ti
me
h
i
g
h.
---~---
-GRAMMAR
Phrasal verbs
lE
I can use phrasal verbs correctly.
1
Identify the phrasal verbs in the newspaper headlines and write them in the correct column of the table below.Const:ruction of new DNA
labo:rato:ry to go ahead
Thousands go
d~wn
with new flu VIrus
.---~---L
Scientists come
up with way
to generate
synthetic blood
Police arrest
criminal
after
twin
brother
tips them
off
~---~~~
'Elephants cleverer than
y----_______ ---.Jhumans when it comes
to mental arithmetic'
claims research
Plans for
National
ID card fall
through
Gunman kills innocent \'---..---./
'1'an after mistaking hi
lor drug-dealer
m
'Genetics to bring about medical
breakthroughs' predict scientists
Two-part verbs with no 1
object 2
Two-part verb where the object can come between
3
or after the two parts, but 4 comes between the parts if the object is a pronoun Two-part verbs whose
5 object cannot come
6 between the two parts
Three-part verbs whose 7 object cannot come
8 between the parts
2
Write the phrasal verbs from exercise 1 next to their meanings.1 to cause to happen _ _ __ _
2 to not be completed _ _ _ _ _
3
to warn sb about something illegal _ _ _ _ _ 4 to find an answer _ _ _ _ _5 to happen, to be done _ _ _ _ _ 6 to become ill with _ _ _ _ _
7 to relate to a particular situation _ _ _ _ _
8 to think that sb is somebody else _ _ _ _ _
3
Rearrange the words to make sentences with phrasal verbs. 1 place / at / down / Manchester / offered / a / but / was /she / turned / it / Laura / University
2 people / are / Whilst / in / favour / do / away / of / the monarchy, / others / some / think / with / it / we / should
3
meaning / keep / never / out / but / get / I / my / photos / round / to / sort / it / I / to4 some / bought / After / new / our / to / myself / up / my / boyfriend / broke / clothes / off / relationship / I / cheer
5 father / was / decided / it / not / My / over / to / go / in / New York / but / after / for / it / job / offered / a / thinking / he
4
Complete the sentences with the active, passive or infinitive forms of the verbs in the box and an object pronoun where necessary.1 I don't trust her any more. She's _ _ too often. 2 I can't find the letter. It might have _ _ . 3 He was born and _ _ in Sydney. 4 That noise is difficult _ _ .
5 She'll _ _ by her grandparents whilst her parents are on holiday.
6 Could you _ _ at the traffic lights, please? 7 The company was forced _ _ staff. 8 How many people _ _ to the gig?
'iQ¥iUJHM
Discussion
lF
I can express
my opinions
on ethical issues .
.
c
.
c
vrv
~
q~'OI'M
BEFORE
IT~
,
o~~~e;j
rOO lATE!
:
(.
STOP
h
'
BEFORE
'
rOO
LA
,'
L;
Tb.
o
m
plete the text about genetically-modified (GM) food
'
t
h
words from the box. Are you for or against the ban?
c
ampaign controversy crisis crops discredited
a
r
mful laboratory term
•
-
.::en
GM
f
o
od first hit Briti
s
h superm
a
rket shelve
s
in
"
';96
this
m
a
j
o
r revolution in food technolog
y
passed b
y
_
-::la
ll
y unn
o
ticed
.
Itw
asn'
t until 1999 that a
"~_
_
~~ ~'eriment
which sugg
es
ted that GM potatoes might
:.!.:::s
e i
ndiges
tion in rat
s s
parked a maj
or
2 _ _ _-
-,-:bo
u
gh
th
e
ex
periment w
a
s subsequentl
y
_ _ _
,
it led to a m
a
ssiv
e
European anti-GM food
_ _ _
which resulted in an unofficial ban on the
:
__
.
Lh a
n
d import of GM
5in Europe. Public
:-
.=..io
n
o
n
G
M crops rem
a
ins divided tod
a
y. Some
__ 4
s
u
s
pic
i
o
us
a
bout th
e
6eff
e
cts it may have
- 2:
eal
th
a
nd the en
v
ironment in the long
7 _ _ _-=-
::[s
bel
i
ev
e it could solve the
w
orld'
s
f
o
od
8 _ _ _-l'
... '2
" LISTENING
2 Listen to two people discussing the subject
of
GM
food. Which of the following topics are mentioned?
a solutions to world hunger
D
b monopoly of the market by large
GM technology companies
D
c solutions to malnutrition
D
d environmental damage caused by GM products
D
e dangers to human health
D
f the ethics of interfering with nature
D
3
"LISTENING
2 Listen again and complete the phrases the
speakers use
.
1 It's
territory.
2
..
. any change has its potential _ _ _
_
_
.
3
..
. crops which can
_
_
__
_ _
agricultural conditions
.
4 Surely you can't
_
_
_
_ _ _
that?
5
.
.. not if we end up poisoning people in the _
_
_
_
_
_
.
6 ... we're going to have to agree _ _ _ _
_
_
.
4
"LISTENING
2 Match 1-8 with a-h to form expressions
for reacting to an opposing view
.
Which do you hear in the
discussion? Listen again and check.
1 I don't agree
a you mean
.
2 There's no evidence
b make sens
e.
3 That's a fair
c an extreme!
4 I see what
d point, I suppose
.
5 That argument doesn't
e to prove it.
6 You take things to such
f serious!
7 You can't be
g end?
8 Where will it
h with
t
hat argument.
5
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct word to
complete the common adverb-adjective collocations.
1 I always avoid environmentally unkind
/
unfriendly
products.
2 Ann was really offended. She couldn't believe how
politically false
/
incorrect the speaker was
.
3 Ben's behaviour was completely
/
fully unacceptable
.
4 Some think cigarette advertising is totally / widely unethical.
5 The GM industry argues that their work is perfectly /
virtually justifiable
.
6 Many people think cloning is morally wrong
/
incorrect.
7 Banning research into this is roughly / virtually impossible.
8 Are designer babies widely / highly improbable?
6
Write a paragraph agreeing or disagreeing with the statemen
t
below. Use the ideas in exercise 2 and include some
collocations from exercises 1 and 5.
All food containing genetically·modified products
should be banned.
I
1G
'@iUjlaa
I can write an effective description of an event.
Describing an event
Preparation
1
Complete the description of an event using like, as or asif.
Last summer I went round France in a camper van with a group of friends. Heading towards the ferry terminal we felt totally elated as this was our first real taste of freedom. None of us had travelled without our parents before. We had brilliant fun cruising along, listening to music, playing games and taking turns to drive the van.
All went well until we reached the suburbs of Paris at about three in the morning. I was driving, while Archie navigated us towards a campsite, and the other two slept
_ __ logs in the back. I was getting increasingly annoyed with Archie who kept getting us lost. Eventually, I got so irritated that he threw the map at me, told me to find the campsite myself and then promptly fell asleep. Feeling drowsy myself, I decided to abandon the campsite idea and park on the roadside. Moments later I came across what looked 2 an empty car park and
pulled in for the night.
A few hours later I woke up feeling disorientated, and with the sensation that something was amiss. I opened the door. What I then saw will be ingrained in my memory for
ever: hundreds of children staring at me 3 I was
a complete fool as I stood there wearing just my pyjama bottoms. I had parked in a school playground! I stood motionless, my face 4 red 5 a beetroot,
then I sheepishly climbed into the front of the van and drove
away 6 _ _ _ quickly and calmly 7 _ _ _ 1 could, while my friends slept on in the back, oblivious to the entire episode.
2
Find at least one example in the story of:1 a short sentence used for emphasis or suspense.
2 a synonym that has been used to avoid repetition.
3 a simile used to create a clear description.
3
Replace the adjectives in italics with a word with a similar meaning from the box. There are two words that you do not need.apprehensive disillusioned eager perplexed petrified remorseful unwilling uptight 1 He was reluctant to answer my questions. 2 I was nervous about driving abroad.
3 The player was baffled by the referee'S decision. 4 She admitted guilt but didn't seem very repentant.
5 He's so tense. He needs to relax a bit. 6 She's terrified of rats.
4
You have been asked to write about a memorable event in your life. Make notes.1 Where and when did it happen?
2 Who else was involved?
3 How did you feel?
4 What happened in the end?
5
Use your notes from exercise 4 to write a description of the event following the writing guide below. Write 200-250 words.Writing guide
1 Explain the general context, giving brief details of where and when the event happened.
2 Describe the events leading up to the main event. Use the model in exercise 1 as a guide.
3 Describe the event itself, giving details of how you felt. 4 Round off your story by explaining how the event affected
you or the other people.
CHECK YOUR WO
__
~ ;-~Have you:
followed the paragraph plan?
used at least one short sentence to add emphasis or build suspense?
included at least one simile? used synonyms to avoid repetition?
checked the number of words and made changes if necessary?
Stories
2A
VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
~ead the clues and do the crossword.
;cross
willing to accept behaviour that is different from your
own: _ _ -minded 2 petrifying: _ _ -raising
3 calm, able to make sensible decisions in difficult
situations: _ _ -headed
_ having confidence in yourself: self-_ _
S not carrying anything: empty-_ _
- able to think quickly, intelligent: quick-_ _
.3 oversensitive to criticism or insults: thin-_ _
_-,wn
• showing no feelings or pity for other people: cold-_ _ =: caring and generous: kind-_ _
_ <ull of exciting events and activity: _ _ -packed 1
I
I
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I
I
I
~
T
l
• I
I
I I I
,
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s
6I
l
-~
I
I
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l
8
11
I
I
l
plete the sentences with words from A and the present
:: -)ast participle form of words from B.
""
B
E:sent consume - eye heart--"
last - ~-
-e
mind.:e
skin_ -le torte was delicious but rather to make_
- :'s worth investing in some , energy-efficient
.ight bulbs,
_ 5:epbrothers is a film about two full-grown
-en that act like kids.
Compound adjectives
J
can talk about various aspects
of
stories.
4 Every day she manages to lose or forget something. She's so _ _ _ _
5 The children watched the circus tricks in _ _ _ _
amazement.
6
In New South Wales (Australia) people are prohibited from using solariums.3
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.1 The children were promised that if they were well-behaved / well-behaving they could have an ice cream.
2 The terrorist attack will have far-reaching / far-fetching implications_
3 There were some strange-sounded / strange-sounding dishes on the menu.
4 It's important for a company to have an eye-catching /
sight-catching logo.
5 The starting / opening sequence was awesome but the film went downhill from then on_
6 The film was made on a string tight / shoe-string budget.
7 The new film stars Mexican heart-throb / heartbeat Gael Garcia Bernal.
8 Men in Black was one of the biggest block breakers /
blockbusters of the 1990s.
Challenge!
blurb
[b13:b1
noun a short description of a book, a new product, etc.,
written by the people who have produced it, that is intended to attract your attention and make you want to buy it
Invent the story of a film and write the blurb for it using as many of the words in the box as you can. Alternatively, write one for a film you know.
award-winning childlike cold-hearted heart-breaking quick-thinking road movie run-down single-minded super-human
2B
REAL ENGLISH
What's on the box?
J
can discuss the effects of TV on children.
1
Complete the sentences in the chat forum with the words in the box.as half like
I
as portrayed rubbish seriesset slushy story-lines such as unlike unwind well-drawn
'
O
r!)
CHAT
ZONE
cathy b
Has anybody been watching the latest series of the teenage drama,
Skins?
What are your views on
it?
roco
You betll'm completely hooked. It's such a refreshing change from all the
other 1
_ _ _on TV at the momentl
duggy
"
Yes
.
I think it's brilliant. The characters are so
2 _ _and the 3
_ _are really gripping. I think it's got a
lot
to do with the fact that 4
_ _most dramas which are supposedly aimed at teens, this one's actually
written by teens and deals with
issues,
5 _ _ _drugs and eating
disorders, which are really relevant to us
.
jdy
I reckon it's really cool, really edgy, and I think the characters are
6
_
_
realistically and not stereotyped 7
_ _they are in
a lot of
dramas.
Steve
j
~I'm enjoying it, but I don't think it's quite as good
8 _ _the first
9
_
_
.1 think that's refiected in the viewing figures. Apparently,
this
series has about 10
_ _ _as many viewers as the first.
lekkie
i,1! .C! ,,','Yeah, loving it, especially because
it's
11 _ _in Bristol,
my
hometown l
jasper 121
'(le;I'd rather 12
_ _in front of an episode of
Skins
rather than some
13
_
__
rom-com any dayl
2
Complete the sentences withas, like
orunlike.
1 Can someone open the window? It's _ _ _ a sauna
in here!
2 I was born in the States, _ _ _ was my father.
3 Dave was _ __ , 'What are you talking about?'
4 Stop behaving _ _ _ a child!
5 She loves spicy food _ _ _ curry.
6 He found a job _ _ _ a hotel receptionist.
7 Listen carefully and do _ _ _ I tell you.
8 _ _ my sister, who is a brilliant pianist, I've got no
musical talent.
3
Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so thatthe second sentence has the same meaning as the first.
1 I sometimes do my homework in front of the TV. So does
my brother. (as)
2 She talks about soap opera characters as if they were
real people. (like)
3 Her father's a TV producer. (as)
4 Kate loves reality shows, but I don't. (unlike)
5 I love animated films, like
Ratatouille.
(as)6 Unlike Steve, I don't watch a lot of television. (like)
4
Write a paragraph comparing your television viewing habitsand preferences now with five years ago. Use language
C4ilUihJ+
Arthur Miller and All my Sons
I can understand and react to an article about the origins of English.
Complete the text with the words in the box.
; ds dramatist experlenc'ed, guilty ""ha-rdship immigrant overemphasis prestigious status sympathies undermining verdict
The 1 Arthur Miller was the son of an Austrian
_ _ _ _ " who was drawn to the USA by the Great
i\merican Dream. Miller's family later 3 severe
'Inancial4 • His most famous play, Death of a
Salesman, was an attack on the American system and
"s 5 on money and social6 . The play
Non several 7 literary 8 • However,
iller was found 9 by the Un-American Activities
Committee of 10 the American way of life
Jecause of his communist 11 . That 12 _ _ _ _
,'Ias later overturned.
ead the text, ignoring the gaps. What does loe come to
nderstand at the end of the play?
3
Com plete the text with suitable words., - swer the questions in your own words.
• Why did the 21 pilots die?
~ Yow does loe explain his decision to send the faulty
oarts?
3 Why does the writer use the word ironically in the third
oaragraph?
_ Yow did joe's sons feel about their father's deed?
- What similarities are there between this play and Death
of a Salesman?
'
; =-nd words in the second and third paragraphs of the text
ich match these definitions.
main character _ _ _ _ _
, <ound to be free from blame _ _ _ _ _
3 dishonest behaviour _ __ _ _
- ,York that provides the money you need to live _ _ __ _
- the quality of being honest and having strong moral
principles _ _ _ _ _
::l repeated or emphasised _ __ _ _
ALL MY
SONS
All My Sons was Arthur Miller's first commercially successful play. Published two years before his most popular play, Death of A
Salesman, it marked the beginning of the dramatist's most fruitful period of creativity. The play is 1 in the mid-west of the USA just after the end of the Second World War and
2 th e story of th e Ke ller fa m i ly, as they try to come to terms with a terrible secret.
joe Keller, the play's protagonist, has seemingly
achieved the 'American Dream'. He has 3 his
fortune selling aeroplane parts to the army 4 _ _ _ _
the war. His eldest son Larry is missing, presumed dead in the war, and he has one remaining son, Chris,
5 is destined to take 6 his business.
We learn that two years earlier joe had been accused of knowingly allowing faulty engine parts to be shipped out of his factory, causing the deaths of 21 pilots. He was arrested but then exonerated after falsely denying all knowledge of the incident, laying the blame instead
7 his business partner, who is now in prison.
When joe's deceit is revealed during the course of the play, he justifies his action saying he did it for the sake of his family's prosperity and Chris's future livelihood.
The central theme of the play is joe Keller's conflict between his responsibility to his family and to wider society. By shipping the faulty parts, he had failed in his responsibility to the men who depended 8 _ _ _ _
the integrity of his work, men who, ironically, were prepared to give their lives in the service of their society. Chris, who is essentially a spokesman 9 the playwright, strongly believes in people's responsibility to other members of society and is horrified by his father's crime. It is not until later in the play 10 joe, on learning that Larry had taken his own life after reading about his court case, finally realises that he has been responsible not 11 for the death of one son but
that the soldiers were 'all my sons', a theme reiterated by the title of the play.
The anti-capitalist sentiment underlying the play was one reason 12 the playwright had to appear
before the Un-American Activities Committee during the 1950s.
2D
IiJit;'tlIaa
Lord
I can understand and react
of
the Flies
to
an extract from a novel.
1
Complete the text with the words in the box. dismal mimic scramble smudge twitch ungracious vicious wail1 She had a great holiday despite the rather _ _
weather.
2 The dog has a _ _ bark but he's perfectly friendly. 3 The young child sitting in front of me on the bus _ _
throughout the entire journey.
4 We _ _ up the hill on our hands and knees. 5 I think it was rather _ _ of her to put the phone
down on me like that.
6 Her eye make-up was _ _ in the rain. 7 My eyelid started to _ _ uncontrollably.
8 josh is brilliant at _ _ other people's voices and
accents. He should be a comedian!
2
Match sentences A-H with gaps 1-7 in the article. There is one sentence you don't need.A The other boys start sobbing too.
S Ralph calls the group together and gives a speech intended to restore discipline.
C His presence brings the children's fighting to an
abrupt halt.
D jack, on the other hand, exploits their fear and lures them over to his side with the promise of protection from the beast.
E Once assembled, the boys, all well-to-do sons of
aristocratic families, set about electing themselves
a leader.
F The boys find a pig, which jack prepares to slaughter but
can't find the courage to stab it. G Even Ralph and Piggy have joined in.
H It has been placed there earlier by jack and his hunters
as an offering to the beast.
3
Read the article. Answer the questions.1 Why was the aeroplane that crashed full of young boys?
2 On what basis is Ralph elected leader?
3 What are the younger boys afraid of?
4 How does jack persuade the boys to join his tribe?
5 Why is Simon attacked?
6 What are the reasons for Ralph's emotional breakdown on the beach?
4
Find words or phrases in the text which match these definitions.1 discover unexpectedly (paragraph 1) _ __ _ _
2 ask somebody to come to you (paragraph 1) 3 strongly recommend (paragraph 2) _ _ _ _ _
4 a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent (paragraph 3) _ _ _ _ _
5 waiting somewhere secretly (paragraph 4) _ _ _ _ _
6 show that something is not true (paragraph 4) 7 got smaller (paragraph 6) _ _ _ _ _
8 follows (paragraph 6) _ _ _ _ _
9 a cruel and violent person (paragraph 7) _ _ _ _ _
Challenge!
Lord of the Flies is an allegorical tale: a story in which
characters, setting and plot represent a meaning outside the story itself. What do you think are the themes underlying the story?
LORD
OF THE
FLIES
=:!J
Set during the Cold W,u', the story of Lord ofdJe Fliestakes place on an isolated tropical island. A plane evacuating it
group of British schoolboys fi'ol1l it II',U' zone has crashed ,U1d
it soon becomes evident that there are no adult suniyors. Two
of the boys, Halph ,U1d Piggy, stumble upon a conch shell and
Piggy suggests dlat Ralph use it as a horn to summon any other
o;univors who might be nearby. 1 As the holder
of dle conch, which is perceived as a symbol of authority, Halph
h appointed to this role. Their new chief appoints ,motller older
Dol", Jack, to be in ch,u'ge of tile boys who ",~1I hunt for t()od for
[he entire group.
] ] For a time the boys revel in dleir adult-free life, splashing
III the II"ater and playing g,unes until Ralph urges everyone
,0 I\"()rk together tow;u'ds building a shelter and attracting dle
rrention of passing ships by creating a constant fire signal, lit by
"xussing sunlight dwough Piggy's glasses. However, the fire gets
oo;,tantly overlooked as some of dle boys, led by Jack, focus
~,eir energy on hunting the lVild pigs on dle island.
-.l..
\\'hen a ship passes by on the horizon one day, Ralph andPJg",o\" are furious to discover tllat the signal fire, IVhich has been
'ack's ,Uld the hunters' responsibility to maintain, has burned .. t. Ralph confronts.Jack, but he has just returned widl his first
. and all the hunters seem possessed by a strange fi-enzy,
-c-enacting tile chase in a kind of wild dance. Piggy criticises
'~~k. II"ho responds by slapping him across dle I~lce.
~ 2 At tlle meeting, it soon becomes clear that rile of the younger boys are troubled by dle belief dlat dlere
_, ,ome sort of beast lurking on the island. The children begin
,plit into two sep;u'ate tribes, based on the existence of the
cbt. The rational Halph attempts to disprOl"e its existence.
~ Shordy afterwards, Simon, from Ralph's tribe, comes
,'N
,
a pig's head buzzing witll flies, whils(" he is wandering.-.:-·mgh dle forest. 4 He begins to hallucinate
oUt dle head, which he sees as 'The Lord of the Flies', and
cJel"eS dlat it is coml11unicating \-,~li him, telling him that the
", hale created dle beast, and liat the real beast is inside
_<m all. Sil110n returns to dle beach to report to the others
at he has seen, but finds them in dle midst of a frenzied
-~'al feast. 5 On seeing Simon's shadowy figure _,erge from the jungle, they attack him and kill him with
_dr b;u'e hands and teeth.
[]] Halph's tribe has nOlI" dwindled to just himself, Piggy, and twins Sam and Eric. They go to.Jack's tribal stronghold with dle
dual aim of lrl"ing to persuade Jack to sce reason and to retrieve
Piggy's glasses, which members oUack's tribe have stolen and
without which Piggy can't see. Hcm"ever, a batLle ensues, during
which a large rock is thrown by a bo)', Hoger, knocking Piggy over tile cliff to his death and shattering the conch into millions
of pieces. Eric and Sal1l are kidnapped into .Jack's tribe, and
Ralph is now left bv himself.
[1J
In
("he lin;tl sequence ofthe book, .Jack and his friend Rogerlead the tribe on a hunt lor Halph. They sel the entire island on tire in order to smoke him out of his hiding place, which attracts
the attention of a ne;u'by warship. Driven out of dle burning
forest onto the beach, Halph is on ("he point of being auacked by
the savages when a British naval otlicer appears.
W
6 Stunned by the savage and bloodtllirstyspectacle, the otlicer asks H,tlph to explain. Ol"erwhelmed by tlle
loss of Piggy, Simon and of his own innocence, he breaks dOlm
and cries.
[[] 7 The otlicer turns his back so dlat tlley may regain dleir composure. In dle fin;tlline of dle book, the officer looks out to sea at his 'lrim cruiser in the dist;mce', an ironic
reminder that while the boys may have been saved ji'om savagen'
by the adults, dle world is still at war.
2E
GRAMMAR
I
Narrative tenses
con use a variety of narrative tenses.
1
Name the tenses in italics in 1-6 below.1 I had been reading for hours ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 I read a chapter of my book ... _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
3 I was reading a book ... _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
4 I was going to stay in and read ... _ _ __ _ _ _ _
5 I had already read the book ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 I used to read avidly ... _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
2
Match sentence beginnings 1-6 in exercise 1 with endings a-f.a
D
when I woke up. bD
when I was younger. cD
but I decided to go out. dD
so my eyes were hurting.e
D
this time yesterday evening.f
D
the teacher recommended.3
Choose the correct option.1 When Sam and Jessie decided to get engaged they had only seen / been seeing each other for six months. 2 John was to go / have gone skiing on Saturday but he
broke his leg and had to pull out.
3 The food she was making was looking / looked delicious.
4 The car battery was dead because my dad had forgotten / been forgetting to turn off the headlights.
5 He took / was taking the dog for a walk when he bumped into Charlotte.
6 When I arrived home my sister was sitting outside.
She had waited / been waiting there for over an hour because she had forgotten / been forgetting her keys.
4
Find ten errors in the use of narrative tenses in the fableand correct them.
The wolf in sheep's clothing
There was once a wolfwho used to wander out every night in search of a lamb for his dinner. But recently this wolf has been having difficulty getting enough to eat because the shepherds in the area were particularly vigilant. One day he was coming across a sheep's fleece which a sheep shearer had been throwing on the floor and forgotten. It had given the wolf a cunning idea. He decided that later he is going to put on the fleece. Thus disguised he would be able to sneak up on the sheep without the shepherd noticing him. So that evening, just as the sun had been setting he went out in his new disguise. He was strolling confidently into a field where some sheep grazed.
He had spotted a juicy·looking lamb and was just going to pounce on it, when a shepherd, who looked for a sheep to slaughter for his own dinner, quickly was grabbing the wolf, thinking it was a sheep, and killed it.
5
Write a moral for the fable.6
Order the sentences to complete the outline of the ancient Greek legend of King Midas and the ass's ears.a
D
He awarded the prize to Pan.b
D
Deep in the country he dug a hole and whispered the secret into it.c
D
King Midas was asked to judge a music contest between Pan and Apollo.d
D
Midas wore a purple turban to hide his shame.e
D
The gossipy barber found it impossible to keep the secret. fD
Only his barber knew the terrible secret.g
D
Apollo punished him by giving him the ears of an ass.h
D
He covered up the hole and returned home.D
With their rustling leaves they whispered the secret:'Mid as has ass's ears.'
D
The following spring, reeds and grasses sprang up from the hole.7
Use the outline in exercise 6 to write the myth. Use a variety of narrative tenses and make any necessary changes to the sentences. Begin There was once a ...2F
,1gtmnUa
I can compare, contrast and react to photos.
Photo comparison
1
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbsin the box.
get hang (x2) kick (x2) skip sleep walk
1 She was suspended for school.
2 The freezing cold weather began to him down
after a wh ile.
3 I got really bored just around at home with
noth ing to do.
4 Miriam out after a massive row with Jack.
S Did he leave his job or was he out?
6 She found it hard to her smoking habit but
managed to give up in the end.
7 There are a lot of homeless people rough in
that part of the city.
8 He used to out with people who were into drugs.
2
Look at photos A and B. Continue the sentences to describethe main similarities and differences between them.
1 The photos are similar in that _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
2 The most obvious difference between the photos is that
3 Also, in the first picture, _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
whereas in the other _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
3
\f
LISTENING 3 Listen and compare your ideas with thenes you hear.
4
Make notes to answer the questions about the first photo.What adjectives describe how the man might be feeling? What challenges do you think he is facing?
What circumstances do you think led to this situation?
5
gLISTENING 4 Listen to the second part of the description. How many of your ideas are mentioned?6
gLISTENING 4 Complete the speculative phrases from the description. You can use more than one word in each gap. Then listen again and check.1 The man in the first photo have a huge
amount of luggage ...
2 I he is planning to stay for a long time.
3 He bewildered ...
4 It feel lonely ...
S He's feeling anxious ...
6
_ _ ___ he missing his family too.7 if he has emigrated because .. .
8 Or he be an economic migrant .. .
7
Write about the second photo. Use the headings in exercise4 to structure your description. Use the language for speculating from exercise 6.
'@jhllaa
Review
I can write a
book review.
2G
Preparation
1
Complete the review with the words in the box. ability all-time consequences divided ending highly acclaimed involving lovers recommend' story strengths times
One of my 1 favourite books is
Atonement,
bythe 2 British novelist, lan McEwan. It is quite a complex novel, which is 3 into three parts and told from different characters' perspectives.
The 4 begins in England in the summer of
1935, when a precocious, upper-class thirteen-year-old girl, Briony, witnesses a scene in the garden 5 _ _ _ _ _
her older sister, Cecilia and a childhood friend, Robbie. Her naivety and overactive imagination lead her to misinterpret what she sees and accuse Robbie of a crime he didn't commit, an accusation which has dramatic
6 for Cecilia and Robbie and which Briony must spend the rest of her life having to atone for.
The book's 7 lie in its exceptionally
well-observed depiction of characters and events, particularly the descriptions of war scenes in the second section of the novel, where Robbie, now a soldier in World War 11, is desperately trying to reach Dunkirk. The author's
8 to build up tension is absolutely superb and the book is a real page-turner at 9 . As
well as being well-crafted, it is also thought-provoking in its exploration of topics such as guilt and forgiveness, and the futility of war. Without spoiling the plot, I have to say that my only reservation about the book is its
10 , which, in my view, leaves the reader feeling slightly cheated. However, this is more than compensated for by what is otherwise a fantastic read.
Atonement
is not a book for those who love fast-moving plots, but for 11 of detailed and well-observed prose, I would thoroughly 12 it.2
Look at the modifying adverbs from the review. Replace them with the synonyms in the box.a fairly a little extremely highly utterly 1 quite a complex novel _ _ __ _ _
2 exceptionally well-observed _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 absolutely superb _ _ _ _ _ _
4 slightly cheated _ _ _ _ _
5 thoroughly recommend _ _ _ _ _ _
3
Find words in the review which match the definitions. 1 points of view _ _ _ _ _ _2 act in a way that shows regret for what you have done 3 recognisable from real life _ _ _ __ _
4 a very exciting book _ _ __ _ _
5 pointlessness _ _ _ _ _ _
4
Write a review of a book you have read recently.Writing guide
Paragraph 1
Give the name of the book and any background information. Paragraph 2
Give a brief outline of the story and the characters.
Paragraph 3
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the book. Paragraph 4
Say whether you would recommend the book and to whom.
CJlECK YOUR WO
-:
':::
Have you:
followed the paragraph plan? included some modifying adverbs? written
200-250
words?1
Get Ready for your Exam
EXAM
; =;:d the article below. Complete the text by match ing the
~.:::~,ences (A-G) that best fit the gaps in the text (1-6). --:::-e is one sentence which you do not need to use.
::~:'ng insects might help fight hunger and promote
.: Jdiversity, but only if Westerners can get over the
_ck' factor. Although people worldwide have enjoyed
ec:::'1g insects since ancient times, their nutritional
-:: _e is often overlooked by the modern Western world.
! - ;;stimated 2,000 insect species are consumed
::'--:_1d the world, and people do not just eat insects,
-= -elish them as delicacies. 2 _ _ Grasshoppers
.: -:. Jee larvae seasoned with soy sauce are a favourite
- ::Jan and in Papua New Guinea sago grubs, beetle
~-::e that inhabit dead sago palm trees, are honoured
::. -., u a I festiva Is.
__ Dlus they have a higher energy value than many
-:::-<oodstuffs. According to a 2004 United Nations
-:::. 2nd Agriculture Organisation report, caterpillars of
"::.- species are rich in minerals as well as B-vitamins.
.:::-::' African regions, children fight malnutrition by
:--~ 90ur made out of dried caterpillars.
_ Jramatic increases in farming yields achieved --:'_~- the Green Revolution of the 1940s and 1970s
s:::.= :0 fill bellies in developing countries, but ~= ·:-ops alone did not provide a full complement
:":-'::1tS. Additionally, billions of dollars are spent
:-~. se to protect nutritionally inferior crops with
=-=-
:::'.5 that kill perfectly edible insect 'pests'.== ::.-::
no fewer than 34 reasons to explore insects ~ ~.:= source, including their impressive nutritional:: =::se of breeding in captivity and high biomass.
:::: some researchers propose enriching consumer
__
i'<-:
:
-
insect flour to make them more nutritious.- -orth-eastern India, for example, edible :_- Jupae are prized more than the silk they _~:-= ::1d some Mexican restaurants charge a hefty
'":7::
Jlate of butterfly larvae. Chinese consumers '- : .::':Jut $100 million per year on edible ants alone.-.r.'::~.::Jility of high-quality edible insects is closely
-:::ct forests. Without trees and foliage to
- -sect populations plummet, so triggering
~- ::.5: - :reserving insects as food sources might
:: A-::. :0 protect swathes of forests and the
A Yet nutritionally important traditional foods such as insects have been and continue to be ignored by agricultural aid efforts.
B In some cultures, edible insects are considered a hot commodity.
C In Africa, caterpillars and winged termites are fried and eaten as roadside snacks (after wings, legs and bristles are removed), and are often considered tastier than meat.
D Clearly there is a link between environmental protection and improved nutrition.
E Insects often contain more protein, fat and carbohydrates than equal amounts of beef or fish.
F And because Western tastes are so globally influential, people elsewhere may begin to shun insects as an important food source .
G In many regions where forest degradation is acute, residents are too preoccupied with day-to-day survival to consider the luxury of protecting the environment.
EXAM TASK - Use of English
1
Complete the paragraph with the correct words a-d.1
2
I was leaving the classroom and feeling very tired. The time was 2:36p.m. and school 1 _ _ . I was really eager
to leave the campus: first, because I wasn't very happy about being at school, and second, my mum had said she 2 _ _ • I had tried to protest, but 3 _ _ vain. She 4 _ _ on driving me home. I knew she would come in the most terrible van 5 _ _ , and I didn't want anyone to see it. But I was too late. When I came out of school, she was already there. Of course, being the great mother she is, she had parked the van in front of the school where it could 6 _ _ by everyone. So, embarrassed, I decided the only 7 _ _ of action was to get into the van as
quickly as possible. I opened the sliding door, but it did not stop. It just kept on sliding and in the end
it fell off its hinges altogether and clunked onto the ground. I wished I 8 _ _ invisible. Instead, I had to go to the woodwork room and ask for a screwdriver to fix it. What 9 _ _ if you had been in my place? To this very day, this story 10 _ _ me when I sleep.
a would have just ended
3
a byb was just ended b in
c had just ended c of
d has just ended d to
a will pick me up 4 a promised b would pick me up b insisted
c picks me up c wanted
d picked me up d agreed
