2.06 Understand the functions
and disorders of the respiratory
system
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 2
2.06 Understand the functions and
disorders of the respiratory system
Essential questions
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
What are some disorders of the respiratory system?
How are disorders of the respiratory system treated?
What is the importance of the respiratory system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the
Functions of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory System
Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory System
Trachea
Lungs
Discuss the Functions of the
Upper Respiratory System Structures
Nose
Sinuses-
warm and moisten air
Pharynx-
common passageway for air and
food
Epiglottis-
Flap of cartilage allows air to pass through
and closes during swallowing.
Larynx-
Voice box
Trachea-
Windpipe
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
Discuss the Functions of the
Lower Respiratory System Structures
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
Pleura
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 6
Functions of the Respiratory System
Discuss the functions of
the respiratory system.
What is the relevance to
your health?
Breathing
Discuss the process of
breathing.
External respiration-
Breathing or ventilation
Internal respiration-
The exchange of CO2 and O2
between the cells and lymph
surrounding them
Inhalation
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Breathing
1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration
How many times does a normal adult breath per minute?
14-20
Control of breathing
Neural Factors
Explain the role of the
Medulla Oblongata-
The
respiratory center is located
here.
What does the
Phrenic
Nerve
do? It is a nerve that
controls the diaphragm
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Control of breathing
Chemical Factors
What are the chemical
factors involved in
breathing?
Respiration is dependent on
the level of carbon dioxide in
the blood.
Compare to
NEURAL
FACTORS.
An increase in CO2 or lack of
CO2 will trigger the respiratory
center in the medulla
Respiratory Movements
Compare respiratory
movements.
Coughing -
clear the respiratory tract
Hiccups –
Caused by a spasm of the diaphragm
and spasmodic closure of the glottis.
Perhaps due to irritation of the
diaphragm.
Sneezing –
Done to clear the upper respiratory
tract.
Yawning –
Believed to be caused by the need to
.
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Types of breathing
Apnea-
No breathing
Dyspnea-
difficult breathing
Eupnea
-
Normal breathing
Hyperpnea
-
fast breathing
Orthopnea
-
difficult breathing while in a horizontal position.
Tachypnea
-
abnormal rapid and shallow breathing
Hyperventilation
-
Lung capacity and volume
Tidal volume-
The amount of air that moves in and out of the
lungs with each breath.
Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV)-
The amount of air you can force a person to
take in , over and above the tidal volume.
Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV)-
The amount of air you can force a person to
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
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Lung capacity and volume
Vital lung capacity-
The total amount of air involved with tidal volume,
inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve
volume.
Residual volume-
The amount of air that cannot be voluntarily
expelled from the lungs.
Functional residual capacity-
The sum of the expiratory reserve volume plus the
Lung capacity and volume
Total lung capacity
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve
Expiratory reserve
Residual air
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Respiratory disorders
Asthma
What is asthma?
A disease in which the airway
becomes obstructed due to an
inflammatory response to stimuli.
Who most likely has it?
5 % of the American population have
asthma.
Respiratory disorders
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the trachea and
bronchial tubes
Acute-
Caused by the spreading of
inflammation from the nasopharynx
Chronic-
Can be caused by cigarette
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Respiratory disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-
A disease that is characterized by obstruction to a patient’s airflow that interferes with
Respiratory disorders
COMMON COLD
What is it? What causes it?
Highly contagious, usually caused
by a virus.
Hand-washing – best
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Respiratory disorders
Emphysema
When the alveoli of the lung
become overdilated, lose their
elasticity and cannot rebound.
The patient will have dyspnea that
becomes more severe as the disease
progresses.
Respiratory disorders
Influenza
-
Caused by a virus
Symptoms as shown
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Respiratory disorders
Pneumonia-
An infection of the lung.
Caused by a bacteria or virus
Respiratory disorders
Sinusitis-
Infection of the mucous
membrane which lines the
sinus cavities
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Respiratory disorders
Tuberculosis-
An infectious contagious disease of the lungs caused by a bacteria.
Relevance of nutrients to
the respiratory system
The respiratory
system plays a vital
role in homeostasis
Discuss the relevance
to your health.
What is the relevance
to the body’s use of
nutrients?
2.06 Understand the functions and disorders
of the respiratory system 26
