The entec Cross Flow Turbine T15
The entec Cross Flow Turbine T15
The optimal turbine solution for small plants with medium flow and head The optimal turbine solution for small plants with medium flow and head
Cross Flow Turbines… since 1925
In 1925, Donat Banki received a patent in Budapest for his BANKI turbine. This turbine ap-plied the cross flow principle, where a free jet traverses a cylindrical runner in vertical direc-tion to the turbine shaft. The runner can easily be adapted to the flow, by changing the width. This is a big advantage, because it is easy to build "tailormade" turbines for specified sites.
The simple design allows good standardisation and manufacturing without sophisticated manufacturing facilities. The costs are low compared with other turbine designs.
For this reason, the Cross Flow Turbine (CFT) suc-cessfully conquered the market in industrialised as well as in less developed countries. Manufacturers started already in the Seventies to develop and build this turbine and entec personnel supported these activities with know-how inputs. Most suc-cessful so far were initiatives in Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Peru, where the well known T3, T8 and T12 turbines were developed, tested and built, based on a series of earlier models. Nowadays numerous turbines are manufactured in these countries.
T15: A new Cross Flow design developed by Entec
The present improved turbine generation, the T15 Turbine, is based on a consequent opti-mising process conducted over many years. Numerous computer based modifications of the hydraulic profile were empirically tested in the laboratory of the Institute for Hydraulic Ma-chines of Stuttgart University. The test turbine of 29 kW had a runner diameter of 300 mm, and the sophisticated measuring facilities guarantee for reliable results. The achieved im-provements were the basis for the
re-design of the turbine. Three models, with the standard diameter of 300 mm and run-ner diameters of 400 and 500 mm, for lar-ger flows at low head, were developed. It is now possible, even with the limitation of simple production methods, to build very reliable and long lasting turbines with com-petitive high efficiency.
Big efforts were made to reach a good part load efficiency. With only 20% of the rated flow, the efficiency is still over 50%. This allows to reduce costs, because a single cell CFT will be sufficient in the majority of the applications. Double cell CFT’s have two independent guide vanes, and require two regulation devices as well, which
Properties of the T15 Cross Flow Turbine
The machine has a welded housing made from quality steel, rigid enough to withstand high operational stress and to enable a smooth operation. The design and the hydraulic layout result in minimised vibrations and noise level.
Special care was taken in the layout of the main bearings for the runner and the guide vane. The casing is designed in such a way that different options for the bearing system are avail-able to cope with the specific site requirements, like flywheel or belt drive.
A sealing system (contact free or conventional type) is integrated in the side flanges. The guide vane unit can easily be taken out through a side flange for inspection, cleaning or re-placement.
To obtain the guaranteed efficiency, the cylindrical runner is fabricated with high precision. The side discs are laser cut so that the entire runner cross section and blade positions are well defined.
The runner blades, representing the secret of the exceptional output performance, consist of an optimised bright drawn steel profile, manufactured to our rigorous specifications.
If the turbine must be positioned considerably above the tail race water level (e.g. due to flood risk), a draft tube may be added to prevent loss of head. As the cross flow turbine is a free jet turbine, an automatic snifter valve is integrated in the draft tube to control the tail wa-ter level.
Efficiency of T15 Turbines
0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Flow (Q/Qmax) EfficiencyEfficiency diagram of model turbine in the Stuttgart laboratory (bearing losses included)
The efficiencies shown are in model tests on the 29 kW model turbine. The reference effi-ciency curve was recorded for 15 kW nomi-nal power.
Under other hydraulic operating conditions (higher output and wider runner) the effi-ciency may reach 80% or even more, using standard upgrading rules.
Runner adjustment in Indonesia
6 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Discharge Q (l/s) n e t h e a d H ( m ) b0=1000m b0=400mm b0=300mm b0=200mm b0=100mm b0=50mm b0=500mm 50kW 75kW P= 100kW 40 k 30kW 20kW 10kW 125kW 150kW b0=500mm Coupling on Turbine Shaft
Not possible for T14-300 Flat Belt on Turbine Reinforced design needed Belt drive Coupling on turbine shaft
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15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 n e t h e a d H ( m ) b0=1100m b0=400mm b0=300m b0=200mm b0=100mm b0=600mm b0=500mm 50k W 75kW P= 100kW 30kW 25k 200 kW 125kW 150kW b0=750mm Coupling on turbine shaft Reinforced design needed b0=1000m b0=1250m b0=1500m 250 kW 300 kW Coupling on turbine shaft Belt drive
7 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 Discharge Q (l/s) n e t h e a d H ( m ) b0=1100m b0=400mm b0=300m b0=200mm b0=100mm b0=600mm b0=500mm 50k W 75kW P= 100kW 30kW 25k 200 kW 125kW 150kW b0=750mm Coupling on turbine shaft Reinforced design needed b0=1000m b0=1250m b0=1500m 250 kW 300 kW Coupling on turbine shaft Belt drive
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Contacts
Switzerland (head office): entec Consulting & Engineering
St. Leonhardstr. 59, 9000 St. Gallen – Switzerland phone +41 71 228 10 20 – fax +41 71 228 10 30 e-mail [email protected] – web www.entec.ch Thailand:
ENVIMA (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
1023 TPS Bldg., 4th Floor, Pattanakarn Road, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250 – Thailand phone +66 (0) 2 717 8114 – fax +66 (0) 2 717 8115
e-mail [email protected] Laos:
Sunlabob Rural Energy Systems Co., Ltd P.O.Box 9077, Vientiane / Lao PDR
phone +856 (21) 313874 – fax +856 (21) 314045 e-mail [email protected]
Contacts
Switzerland (head office): entec Consulting & Engineering
St. Leonhardstr. 59, 9000 St. Gallen – Switzerland phone +41 71 228 10 20 – fax +41 71 228 10 30 e-mail [email protected] – web www.entec.ch Thailand:
ENVIMA (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
1023 TPS Bldg., 4th Floor, Pattanakarn Road, Suan Luang, Bangkok 10250 – Thailand phone +66 (0) 2 717 8114 – fax +66 (0) 2 717 8115
e-mail [email protected] Laos:
Sunlabob Rural Energy Systems Co., Ltd P.O.Box 9077, Vientiane / Lao PDR
phone +856 (21) 313874 – fax +856 (21) 314045 e-mail [email protected]
Vietnam: entec Vietnam
Room 101, 18 Tran Hung Dao Str., Hanoi – Vietnam
phone +84 (4) 934 0888 ext 3014 or 3060 – fax +84 (4) 934 0899 e-mail [email protected]
Indonesia:
pt. entec Indonesia
Jl. Cisatu 193, Ciumbuleuit, Bandung 40142 – Indonesia phone +62 (22) 203 2128 – fax +62 (22) 203 2128
e-mail [email protected] Nepal:
entec Kathmandu
P.O. Box 1457, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Nepal
phone +977 (1) 500 9067 / ...68 / ...69 – fax +977 (1) 552 1425 e-mail [email protected]
Malaysia:
entecHydro Malaysia
Sdn. Bhd., Soon Hup Tower, Unit 2, Level 3, Jalan Maju, 98000 Miri, Sarawak – Malaysia phone +60 (85) 421 798 – fax +60 (85) 423 797
e-mail [email protected] Tajikistan:
Entec Tajikistan
Center for Development of Oil and Gas Industry, 3rd Floor, 77 Mushfiki Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734018
phone +992 37 233 78 24 – fax +992 37 233 78 24 e-mail [email protected]