• No results found

Shade

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Shade"

Copied!
24
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)
(2)

2

vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yfpD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf jynfolUoabmxm; jynfolUoabmxm;jynfolUoabmxm; jynfolUoabmxm; jynfolUoabmxm; 'kdYwm0efta&;okH;yg; 'kdYwm0efta&;okH;yg;'kdYwm0efta&;okH;yg; 'kdYwm0efta&;okH;yg;'kdYwm0efta&;okH;yg; à jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&; 'kdYta&; à wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH; nDñTwfrIrNydKuGJa&; 'kdYta&; à tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhckdifNrJa&; 'kdYta&; à jynfytm;ukd;ykqdef½kd; tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm;qefYusifMu/ à EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EkdifiHawmfwkd;wufa&;ukd aESmifh,Suf zsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/ à EkdifiHawmf\jynfwGif;a&;ukd0ifa&muf pGufzufaESmifh,SufaomjynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/ à jynfwGif;jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bkH&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/ à EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;?&yf&Gmat;csrf; om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;/ à trsdK;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIckdifrma&;/ à pnf;urf;jynfh0aom'Drkdua&pDpepf &Sifoefckdifrmatmifwnfaqmufa&;/ à zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'opfESifhtnD acwfrDzGHYNzdK;wkd;wufaomEkdifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&;/ à pkdufysdK;a&;ukdykdrkdzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufatmifaqmif &GufNyD;acwfrDpufrIEkdifiHxlaxmifa&;ESifh tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukdvnf;bufpkH zGHYNzdK;wkd;wufatmifwnfaqmufa&;/ à aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfyDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;/ à jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifh t&if;tESD;rsm;zdwfac:ípD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK; wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/ à EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvkH;ukdzefwD;EkdifrI pGrf;tm;onf EkdifiHawmfESifhwkdif;&if;om; jynfolwkdY\ vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/ à wpfrsdK;om;vkH;\pdwf"mwfESifhtusifhpm&dwå jrifhrm;a&;/ à trsdK;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;?trsdK;om;a&; vu©Pmrsm; raysmufysufatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;/ à ppfrSefonfhrsdK;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfh jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;/ à wpfrsdK;om;vkH; usef;rmMuHhckdifa&;ESifh ynm&nfjrifhrm;a&;/

Mo0g'

opömarwåmausmif;q&mawmf? puúdef;wJawmifawmf rif;bl;NrdKU/

olwpfyg;qif;&J 'ku©a&mufatmif

BuHpnf-ajymqkd jyKvkyf&if

olawmfaumif;t&d,mrjzpfEkdifbl;/

2

ya&oH[dwrdapä,sH?

ya&oH[dwrdapä,sH?

ya&oH[dwrdapä,sH?

ya&oH[dwrdapä,sH?

ya&oH[dwrdapä,sH?

[dwHar£päwHya&m/

[dwHar£päwHya&m/

[dwHar£päwHya&m/

[dwHar£päwHya&m/

[dwHar£päwHya&m/

emnó'ku©rdapä,sH?

emnó'ku©rdapä,sH?

emnó'ku©rdapä,sH?

emnó'ku©rdapä,sH?

emnó'ku©rdapä,sH?

rmar'ku©H£päwHya&m/

rmar'ku©H£päwHya&m/

rmar'ku©H£päwHya&m/

rmar'ku©H£päwHya&m/

rmar'ku©H£päwHya&m/

t[H? igonf/ ya&oH? olwpfyg;wkdh\/ [dwH? tusdK; pD;yGm;ukd/ £apä,sH? vkdvm; ESpfoufaqmif&GufEkdif&ygvkd\/ ya&mp?olwpfyg;uvnf;/ ar? ig\/ [dwH? tusdK;pD;yGm;ukd/ £päwH-£päwk? vkdvm;ESpfouf aqmif&GufEkdif&ygapownf;/ t[H?igonf/emnóolwpfyg; \/'ku©H?ukd,fpdwfESpfyg;qif;&J jcif;ukd/ e£apä,sH? b,fvdk enf;ESifhrSraqmif&GufEkdif&ygvkd/ ya&mp? olwpfyg;uvnf;/ ar? ig\/'ku©H?ukd,fpdwfESpfyg; qif;&J jcif;ukd/rm£päwH?b,fvkdenf; ESifUrS raqmif&GufEkdif&ygap ownf;/

qkawmif;

pwkypö,mEk*¾[toif;\ 22Budrfajrmuf 0gqdkouFef;ESifU

qGrf;qefawmfvSL'gef;jcif; a&pufcstcrf;tem;usif;y

pufwifbm 1&ufaeY rGef;vGJ(2)em&DtcsdefwGif rEÅav;NrdKU rEÅav;awmifajcwGif&Sdaom r[mtwkva0,ef(twkr&Sd) ausmif;awmfBuD;ü usif;yjyKvkyfaom pwkypö,mEk*¾[toif;\ 22Budrfajrmuf0gqdkouFef;ESifhqGrf;qefawmfvSL'gef;jcif;a&pufcs tcrf;tem;udkusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ tcrf;tem;tpDtpOft& ]earmwó}oHk;Budrf&Gwfqdk bk&m;uefawmhízGifhvSpfcJhNyD; EkdifiHawmfMo0g'p&d,? tbd"Z r[m&X*k½k?tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu?a&Tusifomoemydkif 0gqdkausmif;q&mawmfb'´EÅt*¢d,r[max&fxHrSudk;yg;oDv cH,laqmufwnfMuonf/ xdkYaemufq&mawmfoHCmawmf t&SifoljrwfwdkY csD;jr§ifhawmfrltyfaom y&dwfw&m;awmf jrwfudk em,lMunfndKcJhMuonf/

qufvufí pwkypö,mEk*¾[toif;em,u rEÅav;wkdif; a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU0efBuD;csKyfOD;&JjrifhrSomoema&;qkdif&mrsm; avQmufxm;onf/ xdkYaemufpwkypö,mEk*¾[toif;em,u

trSL;jyKonfhwm0ef&Sdyk*¾dKvfrsm;u0gqdkouFef;rsm;qufuyfvSL'gef; jcif;ESifhbGJUwHqdyfawmf&ESifhpmcsoDv&SifBuD;rsm;tm;oDv&Sif0wfpHk rsm;vSL'gef;cJhMuonf/ tpDtpOft& EkdifiHawmfMo0g'gp&d,? tbd"Zr[m&X*k½k? tbd"Zt*¾r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu? jrawmifwdkuf? a&T0g0if;ausmif; q&mawmf b'´EÅomoembd0Hor[max&frS tEkarm'emw&m; emMum;ívSL'gef;rItpkpktwGufa&pufoGef;cstrQay;a0cJhMuonf/ xdkYaemuftcrf;tem;udk ]]Ak'¨omoeH pd&HwdXwk}oHk;Budrf&Gwfqdk qkawmif;í½kwfodrf;cJhaMumif;owif;&&Sdonf/

awmifomrJqE´e,f?jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f?bPfrsm;ESifhaiGaMu;qkdif&mzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;aumfrwDOuúX? oD&dysHcsD OD;atmifaomif;ESifhZeD;a':cifcif&DwdkYtm;trSL;xm;í rEÅav;wkdif;a'oBuD;? jynfaxmifpkBuHhcdkifa&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDrS 0gqdkouFef; uyfvSL'gef;jcif;tcrf;tem;udk Mo*kwfv(19)&ufaeY?eHeuf(10;00)tcsdefwGif wkddif;ygwD½Hk;wnf&Sd&m csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f? 73vrf;? 27-28 vrf;Mum;wGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/

tqdkyg0gqdkouFef;uyfvSL'gef;yGJudkyifhoHCmawmfrsm;jzpfaom wdkif;oHCmhem,uOuúXq&mawmfOD;0dpdwåbd0Hoq&mawmf tygt0if rEÅav;c½dkif&Sd NrdKUe,foHCmhem,uOuúXq&mawmfrsm; pkpkaygif;yifhoHCm(10)yg;ESifh wkdif;ygwDtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;0if;armifESihf wkdif;ygwDaumfrwD0ifrsm;? rEÅav;NrdKUawmfpnfyifom,ma&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;OD;atmifarmif;ESifhc½dkif^NrdKUe,frsm;rSygwDtwGif;a&; rSL;rsm;ESifhaumfrwD0ifrsm;?zdwfMum;xm;aom{nfhonfawmfrsm;wufa&mufMuNyD;aemuf q&mawmfrsm;rS ig;yg;oDvcsD;jr§ifhay;jcif; ESifh y&dowfw&m;awmfrsm;&GwfzwfylaZmfay;NyD;aemuf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; 0gqdkouFef;ESifh 0w¬KaiGwpfyg;vQif(20000d^)usyfwdkYtm; wkdif;ygwDtwGif;a&; rSL; OD;0if;armifESifhygwDaumfrwD0ifrsm;rSvSL'gef;cJhMuNyD; wkdif;oHCmhem,uOuúXq&mawmf OD;0dpdwåbd0HorS a&pufcs w&m;awmfrsm;a[mMum;í arwåmydkYqkawmif;trQay;a0um Ak'¨omoeH pd&Hwd|wk(3)Budrf&GwfqdkNyD; tcrf;tem;udk ½kwfodrf;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf q&mawmfBuD;rsm;tm; aeYqGrf;rsm;qufuyf vSL'gef;NyD;aemuf zdwfMum;xm;aom{nfhonfawmfrsm;tm; aeYvnfpmxrif;?[if;rsm;jzifh {nfhcHauRa;rG;{nfhcHum tcrf;tem;udk rGef;wnfh(12;00)em&DwGifNyD;qHk;cJhaMumif;od&onf/

(3)

3

www.shadejournal.com

www.facebook.com/shadejournal

www.yoyarlay.com

www.yantanarpon.com.mm

www.thithtoolwin.com

'D0ufbfqkd'fvdyfpmawGeJh

tGefvkdif;ay:rSm ]&Sdwf}*sme,fukd

0ifa&mufzwfEkdifygw,f

(4)

4

Vol;(6)No(32),2012 t,f'DwmcsKyf omaZmf t,f'DwmtzGJU oefYpifndK?atmifrSL;a0 &efaemifpdk;?EGJUeDvm? xkwfa0ol OD;oef;xGef;(,m,D-1254) owif;tzGJU AokefAefquf? rkdif;yGef??atmifukdOD;? rauG;owif;wm0efcH aejcnf(rauG;)?OD;(rauG;) jynfwGif;tEkynm xGef;xGef;0if;(ykyÜg;) e,fowif;wm0efcHrsm; nDaZmf(aumvif;) csif;wGif;ukdukd?vSrsdK;OD; aMumfjimwm0efcH rEGJUEGJUat; (09-402643997) 'DZdkif;?pmpD UNIQUE?ukd[def; zvif?yHkESdyf Star ? Aungsatkyar rauG;NrdKUjzefYcsda&; OD;jrifhaZmfOD; trSwf(91)?&efausmf(10)vrf;? rkH&GmNrdKUjzefYcsda&; OD;wif0if;jrifh t"dywd-pmay zkef;-071-21357 071-21735 September 5 to 11 rEÅav;½Hk;csKyf (B-5)? pwkw¬xyf acwfvkdufor0g,rwkdufcef; 87vrf;?23_24vrf;? rEÅav;/ zkef;-02-30774 09-2011968 E-mail: [email protected] fax:95 2 30774 rauG;½kH;cGJ trSwf(c)173?16vrf;? &Gmopf?yGJBudK&yf?rauG;NrdKU/ zkef;-063-27833

M

andalay

A

dvertising

M

edia

G

roup

rS pDpOfonf

ppfukdif;-jrpfi,fjzwfvrf; qif&GmteD;wGif

EkdifiHwumtqifUrDausmufrsuf&wem aps;opfBuD;wnfaqmuf&efpDpOf

ppfudkif;-jrpfi,fjzwfvrf;qif&GmteD;wGif EkdfiHwumtqifhrD ausmufrsuf&wemaps;opfBuD;wnfaqmuf&efpDpOf vsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/ tqdkygaps;opfBuD;udk owåKausmufrsuf&wemaps;}tjzpf&nf&G,fNyD;ausmufrsuf&wemvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;(rEÅav;)b@ma&;rSL;OD;pdk;Ekdifu 11.51{u&Sd ajrae&mudkvSL'gef;xm; onf[kod&onf/ ]]ausmufrsuf&wemqkdwm ESpfumvoef;aygif; 4500 MumrSxGuf&Sdjcif;jzpfNyD; ESpfaygif; 50rQom xkwf,l&&SdEkdifNyD; MumvmvQif rkdif;½SL; ywåjrm;uJhodkY uG,faysmufoGm;EkdifaMumif;? ukefMurf;wdkuf½dkufa&mif;csonfhtwGuf jrefrmjynfoljynfom;rsm;tvkyftudkiftcGifhta&;enf;yg;aMumif;? ukefacsma&mifcs EkdifaomEkdifiHwumtqifhrDaps;BuD;jzpfay:vmygu jynfoljynfom;cHpm;cGifhrsm;&&SdvmrSmjzpfaMumif; pufwifbm1&ufaeY rGef;vGJ 2em&DwGifjyKvkyfaom tqdkyg aps;opfBuD;wnfaqmufa&;twGufn§dEdIif;aqG;aEG;aomyGJwGifajrvSL'gef;aomOD;pdk;EkdifuajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/tqdkygaqG;aEG;yGJwGifausmufrsuf&wemvkyfief; &Sifrsm;toif;(rEÅav;)rS A[dktvkyftrIaqmifESifh trIaqmifrsm;xJrS trsdK;om; 23OD;ESifh trsdK;orD; 6OD;? pkpk aygif; 29OD; wufa&mufaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ ]]uRefawmfwdkY vuf&Sdr[matmifajraps;BuD;}udk rxdcdkuf bl;vdkYqdkwJhtwGuf 0rf;omygw,f/ wu,fvdkY vuf&Sdaps;udk a&TU&r,fqdk&if trsm;pktwGuf tqifrajyovdkatmufajcvlwef;pm;awGtwGuftcuftcJrsm;pGm&SdvmEkdifygw,f/ OD;pkd;EkdifajymovdkqdkvQifplygrm;uwftwGufawmhjzpfEkdifygw,f/ uRef awmf wdkY r[matmifajr0dkif;rSm reuf 5em&Duwnf;u 0dkif;qif;MuwJhtcg 'D0dkif;rSmyJ ukefMurf;uaeukefacsmtxd jyKvkyfEkdifaMumif; *kPfukrÜPDrS OD;ausmfNzdK;atmifu aqG;aEG;ajymMum;cJhonf/ wufa&mufvmMuaomoltrsm;pku aps;opfBuD;wnf aqmufjcif;xuf 1985ckESpfu pwifzGifhvSpfcJhaom r[matmif ajrausmufrsuf&wemaps;BuD;a&&SnfwnfwHhí ,ckxufykdrkdpnfum;vmapa&;udkom tav;xm;aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ rkdif;yGef

½kyf&SifZmwfum;BuD;rsm;udk 3D pepfjzifh ½HkBuD;wGifMunfhMu

&awmhrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ r*FvmukrÜPDu &efukefNrdKU? '*kefpifwmwGif3DZmwfum;udkjyovsuf&SdNyD;rMumrDrEÅav;NrdKU

wGifvnf;NrdKUr½kyf&Sif½HkwGifjyooGm;Ekdif&efpDpOfaqmif&Guf vsuf&Sd onf[kod&onf/ 3D ½kyf&Sifjyoygupufydkif;qkdif&m? toHykdif;

qkdif&mawGudkygjyKjyifrIrsm;jyKvkyf&rnf[kod&onf/

]]avmavmq,fawmhNrdKUr½kyf&Sif½HkrSm reuf 10em&DyGJwpfyGJ udkEkdifiHjcm;um;jyoaeygw,f/jrefrmZmwfum;vl0ifenf;vdkYwpf½Hk avQmhvdkuf&ifawmhNrdKUrrSmyGJcsdefjynfhEkdifiHjcm;Zmwfum;jyoay;yg w,f/EkdifiHjcm;um;uwpfcgwav vl0ifayr,fhwpfcgwavus awmhr0ifjyefbl;/ enf;enf;pdrf;wJhum;qdk&ifvl0ifw,f/ tacG awGjyefYaewhJum;qdk&ifawmhvl0ifenf;wmawGU&w,f}}[k0if;vdkuf ½kyf&Sif½Hkrefae*smOD;0if;uajymonf/

3D ½kyf&SifjyoEkdifa&;twGuf vdktyfaomjyKjyifrIrsm;jyKvkyf

Ekdif&eftwGuf wkdif;xGmrIrsm;&,loGm;NyDjzpfí rMumrD taumif txnfazmfjyKvkyfawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uajymonf/ rEÅav; NrdKU? 78vrf;rBuD;&Sd Diamond Plaza wGif ½kyf&Sif½Hk 3½Hkyg0ifav

&m 3D Zmwfum;jyornfh½Hkyg0ifrnf[kod&NyD; r*FvmukrÜPDu

vnf;pdwf0ifpm;aeonf[kod&onf/

NrdKUrwGifjyrnfh 3D Zmwfum;udk zvifjzifhjyornf[kod&onf/ rEÅav;wGifEkdifiHjcm;um;Munfhonfhy&dowfrSmZmwfum;opfrsm;udkpdwf0ifpm;MuNyD; &efukefwGif

rjy&ao;onfhZmwfum;udk rEÅav;wGifjyvQifydkípdwf0ifpm;MuonfudkawGU&onf/ EkdifiHjcm;Zmwfum;rsm;rS AD'D,dk? 'DAD'Drsm;jzifh aps;uGufokdYapmpD;pGm0ifa&mufvmavh&Sd&m y&dowfrsm;rSm½HkrwifrDuyifMunfhNyD;om;jzpfaewwfavonf/

,cktcgEkdifiHjcm;Zmwfumr;sm;udkEkdifiHwumESifhwajy;nDjyoEkdifa&;twGufxkdif;rSwqifh0,f,ljyoae&muae ukrÜPD ESifhwkduf½dkufcsdwfquf0,f,lum jyooGm;&ef ESpfq,f&mpkukrÜPDESifhpwifcdswfqufaeumyg&marmuf?,leDAmq,fpaomukrÜPDrsm;ESifhcsdwfqufumapmpD;pGmjyooGm;&efpDpOfaeaMumif;tGefvdkif; pmrsufESm ay:wGifzwf&onf/ rEÅav;NrdKUwGif 0if;vdkuf? NrdKUrpaomtqihfjrifh½kyf&Sif½Hkrsm; ESifh vjynfhatmif(pufrINrdKUopf)?aejynfawmf?NrdKU*kPfa&mif½Hk rsm;uvnf;½kyf&SifZmwfum;? 'DAD'DZmwfum;rsm;udkjyovsuf&SdNyD; rpdk;&drf½kyf&Sif½Hkuawmh 2011 rwfvupíjyojcif;r&SdawmhonfudkawGU&onf/

zvifESifUjyornfU

3D

½kyf&SifjyEkdifa&;twGufvkdtyfaomjyifqifrIrsm;rEåav;wGifaqmif&Guf

rMumrDumvtwGif; rEåav;NrdKYwGif

3D

½kyf&SifMunfUEkdifawmhrnf

tpm;taomufESifU pm;aomufukefqkdif&m ukefpnfjyyGJ zGifUvSpfjyo

rEÅav;NrdKUawmfcef;rwGif tpm;taomufESifhpm;aomuf ukefqkdif&m ukefpnfjyyGJudk Myanmar Apex Business Group rS

BuD;rSL;í Mo*kwf 30&ufrS pufwifbm 2&ufxd 4&ufwkdifwkdif usif;y&eftwGufzGifhyGJudkMo*kwf30&ufaeY eHeufydkif;uzGifhvSpf usif;yjyoonf/ zGifhyGJudkrEÅav;wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU Oya' csKyfOD;&Jatmifjrifh?rEÅav;csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyf a&;OD;pD;Xme NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;atmifvGif?{&m0wD bPfref ae*sma':aqGaqGvGif?Myanmar Apex Business GrouprSem,u

refae;*sif;'g½dkufwmOD;ausmfrif;wdkYuzJBudK;jzwfzGifhvSpfay;onf/ qufvufí jyyGJvmrdbjynfolrsm;tm; Kiss Entertain-ment Group rS Music Band armf',f½dI;? Dancer Show, Magic Show rsm; aysmf&Tifp&m*drf;tpDtpOfrsm;jzifh vl&Tifawmfrsm;u

&,fp&m[mopHkjzifh azsmfajzwifqufMuaMumif;od&onf/ EGJUeDvm

(5)

5

5

&cdkifjynfe,fudpöESifhywfoufNyD; b*FgvDta&;ESifhywfoufí

EkdifiHawmfor®wBuD;tm; axmufcHNyD; ukvor*¾txl;udk,fpm; vS,frpöwmaomrwfpftkda[;uifwm;em;tm;uefYuGufqE´azmf xkwfonfh tpDtpOfudk pufwifbm 2&ufaeY eHeuf(10)em&DrS 84vrf;? 35 vrf;axmifhwGifpk&yfjyKvkyfípwifcJhMuonf/

r[matmifajrNrdKUe,frSpwifNyD; 35vrf; 84vrf;axmifhrS 81vrf;txd81vrf;rS 41vrf;txdvrf;avQmufqE´jycJhMujcif; jzpfonf/ oufqkdif&modkYcGifhjyKrdefYwifumw&m;0ifqE´azmfxkwf jcif;jzpfNyD;qE´jy&eftwGufvlOD;a& 100 omcGifhjyK xm;aomfvnf; ab;rSyg0ifvkdufygMuaomNrdKUcHvlxkESifh&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;tyg t0ifaomif;*Pef;txd&Sdonf[kcefYrSef;&onf/ qE´azmfxkwfolrsm;u wD&SyftjzLa&SUrsufpmwGifor®wBuD; OD;odef;pdefyHkyg&SdNyD; aemufausmbufwGifuifwm;em;udkuefYuGuf onfhyHkygaomwD&Syfrsm;udk0wfqifxm;ouJhodkYab;rSvdkufygMu aomy&dowfrsm;vnf;tqdkygwD&Syfrsm;0wfqifítm;ay;vdkufyg cJhMuonf/

qE´azmfxkwfyGJBuD;wGif rEÅav;NrdKU rpdk;&drfausmif;q&mawmf OD;0D&olu vkdufvHxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufay;cJhNyD; jynfolY&JwyfzGJU ESifh ,mOfxdef;&JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;u vHkNcHKa&;wm0ef,lay;cJhMuonf/ rGef;vGJ 1em&DwGif vrf; 80ESifh 12vrf;axmifhrSpwifcJhNyD; vrf; 80 19vrf;rS taemufodkYvnf;aumif;? 19vrf;taemufydkif; 86vrf;rS 12vrf;odkYvnf;aumif; vSnfhvnfqE´jycJhMuonf/ qE´azmfxkwfyGJwGif trdajrudkumuG,fapmifha&SmufEkdifygap or®wBuD;OD;odef;pdefusef;rmygap?EkdifiHawmfor®wBuD;OD;odef;pdef udkaxmufcHygw,fpaom a<u;aMumfoHrsm;ESifhtwl EkdifiHawmf oDcsif;rsm;udkoHNydKifoDqdkcJhMuonf/

tqdkygqE´azmfxkwfyGJudk pifwifbm 3&ufaeYwGif csrf;jr ompnfNrdKUe,f?jynfBuD;wHcGefNrdKUe,fESifhpufwifbm 4&ufaeYwGif tr&yl&NrdKUewdkYüqE´azmfxkwfcJhaomfvnf; yxraeY&ufNyD; aemuf &ufrsm;wGif oufqkdif&mu cGifhjyKrdefYjyefvnfzsufodrf;cJhonf[k vnf;qkdonf/ ab;rSvkdufygvmaom oHCmxktiftm;ESifh vlxk tiftm; rsm;jym;aeaomaMumifh[kod&onf/

]pdwfxJwGif wtHkaEG;aEG;eJY pm;r&tdyfr&jzpfaewmMum NyD/ vlrIa&;y&[dwawGvkyfae&if; pdwfudkESpfxm;ayr,fh wajrU ajrUeifhaeatmifcHpm;ae&w,f/ apmifhMunfhae&if;eJY tcsdefawG omMumjrifhvmcJhw,ff/ b,fygwDrS rvIyf? b,for*¾rS rvIyf tm;vHk;NidrfaeMuwmygyJ/ 'Dtwkdif;qdkvQif zdtm;rsm;NyD; qHk;½IH;& awmhrvdkjzpfaewm/ [dkem;wpfpk 'Dem;wpfpk xatmfae½HkeJY xl;jcm;rnfrxif/ vkyfjy&awmhrSm/ ESD;EG,faewJh y&[dw toif;wpfcsdKUudkac:NyD; &ckdifta&;udk wnDwñGwfqE´azmfxkwf &ef wkdifyif&w,f/ trsdK;om;a&;udk pdwf0ifpm;olawGudk a&G;íac:&w,ff/ rD'D,morm;awGeJYwkdifyif&w,ff/ tusнdkufNyD; pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmf&w,f/ tJ'Dvkdvkyfvkdufawmh iHkaewJhpdwfawG u Ekd;<uvmNyD;vkyfr,ffjzpfvmum qE´azmfxkwfyGJBuD; at; csrf;pGmatmifjrifcJh&wm/ tcktcsdefrSm tpdk;&taeeJY tMuyf twnf;awGUaew,f/ tpdk;&&JUtMuyftwnf;[m jynfol vlxk &JUtMuyftwnf;yJ/wpfzufuaevlYtcGifhta&;awGw&m;rQwrI qdkwmawGtp&SdwmawGeJY 0dkif;NyD;zdtm;ay;aew,f/ txl;ojzifh ½dk[if*sm&JUaemufrSm tm&yfurÇmygaew,f/ tJ'Dtm&yfurÇm[m rkom;0g'awGeJYvkyfBuHzefwD;rIawGeJYtifwmeufuae rD'D,m vGrf;rkd;aewJhtcg urÇmBuD;uolwdkYajymorQudk,HkMunfaeMu

w,f/ 'Dawmhor®wBuD;&JU &yfwnfcsufudk EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGu vnf; aMujimcsufxkwfNyD;awmh axmufcHwmvnf;rawGUbl;/ uefYuGufwmvnf;rawGU&bl;/ ½dk[if*sm&JUtMurf;zufrIawGudk ½IHUcswmvnf;r&Sdbl;/ or–wBuD;OD;odef;pdef&JU&yfwnfcsufudk jrefrmjynfolawGu raxmufcHbl;vdkY oufa&mufaew,f/ tm;vHk;NidrfaeMuwmudk;/ tJ'gaMumifhjrefrmjynfolawGxJuae rEÅav;NrdKUuaxmufcHygw,fqdkwmurÇmuodapcsifvdkY tckvdk qE´azmfxkwfyGJBuD; udk 'DaeYjyKvkyf&jcif;jzpfw,f}}[k t&Sif0D&olrS

SHADE odkYrdefYMum;onf/

]'DyGJu or®wBuD;udkvHk;0axmufcHwJhyGJyg/b,folYzdtm;rS rygygbl;/trsdK;om;a&;qdkwJhpdwfwpfckwnf;eJYaqmif&Gufae wmyg/ 'ku©onfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;BuD;ukd or®wBuD;u pum; oHk;cGef;ajymcJhygw,f/ (1)½dk[if*smqdkwm wkdif;&if;om;r[kwf bl;/ (2) ½dk[if*smawGudk wwd,EkdifiHrsm;u vufcH&ifydkYay; r,f/ (3) b,fEkdifiHurSvufrcHbl;qdk&if olwdkYudk'ku©onf tjzpf ukvor*¾&JUaxmufyHhrIeJYxm;r,fvkdYajymcJhw,f/ t"du tJ'gudkaxmufcHwmyg/ rEÅav;NrdKUwpfNrdKUwnf;r[kwfbJ wjcm; jynfe,feJYwkdif;awGvnf;vkyfzdkYwdkufwGef;ygw,f/ 'guEkdifiHawmf udkykefuefwmr[kwfwJhtwGuftm;vHk;rSmwm0ef&Sdygw,f/ w&m; 0ifpmwifNyD;qE´azmfxkwfMu&ifatmifjrifrSmyg}[k q&mawmfu qufvufrdefYonf/ ]a&SUrSm or®wBuD;&JUyHkeJYtrSefjcpfxm;w,f/aemufausmrSm qdk&if ukvor*¾wHqdyfeJY UN pmvHk;yg Tomas Ojea Quintana

yHkudk MuufajccwfNyD;uefYuGufxm;ygw,f/&cdkifta&;cif;? &cdkif wdkif;&if;om;ta&;awGeJYywfoufNyD;awmh Mr.Quintana &JU vkyf

aqmifcsufawGudk vHk;0vufrcHEkdifygbl;/ tm;vHk;0dkif;NyD; uefYuGuf wJhyGJyg/tckjrifae&wJhoHCmawmfawGeJYjynfolawG[m pdwfwpfck wnf;eJYa&mufvmMuwmyg/trsdK;om;a&;pdwfqdkwm 'gyJvdkY jywmyg}[k t&Sifacrmpm&rS rdefYonf/

]Mr.Quintana u&cdkifta&;eJYywfoufvdkYbmrSaqmif&Guf

ray;bl;/tav;vnf;rrIygbl;/ c&D;oGm;[efvGJ rjzpfrae rsufESm jyNyD;jyeffoGm;ygw,f/ &cdkifrSmtajcpdkufxm;wJh UN tzGJUtpnf;

awGuusef;rma&;eJYywfoufvdkY&ckdifawGutultnDawmif;vm &ifb,fawmhrSray;bl;/ taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;jyNyD; a&Smifwmrsm; w,f/ ½dk[if*smawGusawmhbmjzpfjzpftdrfwkdif&ma&muf oGm;NyD; ulnDMuw,f/tJ'DvdkcGJjcm;qufqHwmudkvnf; uefYuGufygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYuudk,fwkdifoGm;NyD;ulnDaxmufyHhcJh&awmh taMumif; pHkursufjrifudk,fawGU?nmvdkYudkr&bl;/ tJ'gaMumifh atmifajr ompHNrdKUe,fudk acgif;aqmifNyD;qE´azmfxkwfaewmyg}[k OD;jrifh atmif(a&TO,smOf vl½dkif;av;rsm;tzGJUrS SHADE odkYajymonf/

]OD;Zif;wdkYuawmh &[ef;oHCmawGjzpfayr,fh Ak'¨bmom jrefrmvlrsdK;twGuf t&m&may;qyf0Hhygw,f/ bmomaygif;pHk vlrsdK;aygif;pHkeJY EDS;EG,fquf,SufNyD;awmh &yfwnfaeMu&wmyg/ bmomtm;vHk;uNidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;aecsifMuygw,f/ 'Djrefrmjynf rSmbmomaygif;pHk?vlrsdK;aygif;pHk Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexkdif Ekdifa&;udkOD;wnfNyD;BudK;pm;aeMuygw,f/tckbkef;BuD;wdkYvkyfae wmtpövmrfrkef;wD;a&;r[kwfbl;/wdkufcdkufa&;vnf;r[kwfbl;/ jrefrmjynfudkwdkufcdkufNyD;tEkdifusifhaewJh tMurf;zuf vl&rf;um; wpfpktwGuf½IHUcswJhyGJyg/ OD;Zif;wdkYajrwpfz0g;rStygrcHEkdifbl;}[k qE´azmfxkwfyGJwGifyg0ifaomy&[dwq&mawmfwpfyg;rSrdefYMum; cJhonf/ ]uRefawmfwdkYu vkyfcsifaewmMumNyD/vlenf;pkqdkawmh rvkyfEkdifbl;/ q&mawmfbk&m;uac:NyD;rdefYrSuRefawmfwdkYpdwfawG Ekd;<uukefw,f/wpfrsdK;om;vHk;ESifhqkdifwJhudpöqdkawmhuRefawmf wdkYa&mcifAsm;wdkYa&mwm0ef&Sdw,f}[kqE´azmfxkwfolOD;ausmfat; rSajymMum;onf/ ]ay;wJhtcsdefenf;w,f/ 'Dxufruydkay;oifhw,f/ tck jrifwJhtwkdif;yJ/ at;at;aq;aq;NyD;oGm;w,f/ atmfwmawGu vnf; BudKwifpDpOfrxm;bl;/ 'Da&mufrS &cdkifjynfudkumuG,fyg vdkY? 'gwdkYjynf? 'gwdkYajrwdkYygvmwm/ tm;vHk;Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;ygyJ/ ay;wJhvrf;aMumif;vnf;wdkw,f/ bmrSpdk;&drfp&mr&SdbJ uefYowf w,fvdkYxifw,f/ tmPmydkifawGuawmh 0ifa&mufaESmuf ,Sufwmbmnmr&Sdygbl;/ tzGJUacgif;aqmifOD;armifarmifpef;rS ajymMum;cJhonf/

]uRefwdkYurodbl;/ jrifvdkuf&awmh 'gigwdkYeJYqkdifw,f/ 0ifr,fqdkNyD; vltkyfxJ0ifvmwmyg/ bmjyóemrSr&Sdbl;/ uRefr wdkYu rwå&muaeaps;vma&mif;wmyg/ jzpfwJhjyóemuawmh *sme,fawGxJzwfvdkYodNyD;om;yg/ tJ'Duwnf;u rcHcsifcJhwm/ tckvdk qE´azmfxkwfcGifh&awmh &ifxJrSm cHpm;&wmawGayghoGm; w,fvdkYxifw,f}}[k aps;onfwpfOD;rSajymonf/

qE´azmfxkwfyGJwGif EkdifiHawmfoDcsif;onfvnf;avxJwGif 0JysHUíaeavawmhonf/

atmifukdOD;

½kd[if*smta&;ESifU ywfoufí or®wBuD; OD;odef;pdefukdaxmufcHNyD;

rpöwmaomrwfpftkda[;uifwm;em;tm; uefYuGufaomqE´azmfxkwfyGJjyKvkyf

(6)

av;Zif

Ek ya&m8suf

odkhr[kwf

tdkb,fU &wemU*l

b,fwkdif;jynf b,fEkdifiHrSmjzpfjzpf pDrHudef;? pDrHcsufqdk onfrSm &SdpNrJ? a&;qGJpNrJ? aqmif&GufpNrJjzpfonf/ ya'o&mZf acwfyJjzpfjzpf? vdktyfonfrsm;udk aqmif&GufNrJjzpfonf/ vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfrIaES;auG;jcif;? vQifjrefjcif;qdk onfrSmvnf; pDpOfolwdkY\apwemvnf;yg&rnf/ zefwD;Ekdifrnfh tiftm;rsdK;pHkvnf;yg&rnf/ odkYrSom atmifjrifrnf[k rdrd,Hk Munfonf/ 'gayr,fh tJonf ya&m*sufudk ukdifwG,foltm; (&S,fyg0g)yJjzpfjzpf? tyfESif;rS xajrmufrSmygvdkYajymcsifonf/ orkdif;wpfacwf\trSm;? trSeftm;enf;? tm;omrIawGudk avh vmcHpm;wwfvQif bmyJjzpfjzpf vlnHhrjzpfrSm aocsmonf[k xifygonf/

&wemyHkacwf? rif;wkef;ESifhuaemifnDtpfudkwdkY\ orkdif;xJ rSm yk*Hrif;udkeef;cs ta&;awmfatmifcJhNyD; jynfwGif;a&;wm0ef EkdifiHumuG,fa&;wm0efawGudk xrf;&Gufxm;&onf/ tdrfa&SU pHuaemifonf xdkpOfu e,fcsJUusL;ausmfolwdkY\&efudk owd rrl/ ukd,hfzmomvkyfp&mawGudkvnf; vkyf&rSmrdkYvkyfaqmifae oljzpfonf/ þwGif a&jr§KyfAHk;pDrHcsufonfvnf; ya&m*suf wpfckjzpfonf/ AHk;prf;? rkdif;prf; prf;oyf&mrSmawmh ig;awGao &owJh/ onfrSm rif;wkef;rif;udk,fpm;ajymEkdifonfhtvTmwpf&yf rS wpfOD;uajymowJh/ roifhaMumif;aygh/ xdkpOfu udk,fwdkY wkdif;jynfqdkonfuvnf; e,fcsJUukvm;jzLwdkY0g;NrdKxm;í uGuf uGufav;usefaeonfhumv/ jynfy&efu ta0;BuD;rSmr[kwf udk,fhajrudk,fha&udkusL;0ifaeNyD;om;av/ onfawmhvnf; um uG,fa&;wm0efudk tav;xm;? acwfESifhtnDaqmif&Guf&rnf udk BuHpnf? 'gu jynfxJa&;? umuG,fa&;0efxkyfBuD;ESifh tdrf a&SUpH\wm0efudk;/ 'gayr,fh tpfudkbk&ifu tukodkvftvkyf awG,laom½Iaxmifhi,fjzifhajymjyefawmh uJ ..../ þwGif zqyv wpfacwfwpfcgwkef;u usm;BuD;baqG(OD;baqG)\ rSefuefaompum;udk rdrdrsm;pGmBudKuf\/ axmufcH\/ EkdifiHa&; orm;qdkwm ig;yg;oDvrNrJEkdif[laom pum;yifjzpfonf/ ig;yg; oDvNrJvQif taumif;qHk;/ 'gayr,fh EkdifiHa&;vkyfolawGrSm ig;yg;oDvNrJygrl tvkyfrjzpfrSmawG tyHktyif/ ckeu rif;wkef; rif;ESifh uaemif a&jr§Kyfrkdif;pDrHcsuf? &yfqkdif;&wmudkMunfhav/ 'gu pDrHcsuf? pDrHudef;rsm;ESifhpyfí ajymjzpfjcif;om/ &otESpf EdIif;p&mr[kwf/ wefzkd;wlwm? rwlwmxm;? tr&yl&acwfrSm atmifjrifaompDrHudef;wpfckwpfcktaMumif;udk onfv? onf &moDrSm owd&ygonf/ ol\pDrHudef;udk Ek ya&m*suf[lí olu olYtrnfrrSnfhcJhyg/ rdrdurSnfhjcif;jzpfygonf/ &mEIef;jynfh atmifjrifaom pDrHcsufjzpfí þpDrHcsufudka&;qGJoltm; rsm;pGm aus;Zl;wif&ayonf/ udk;uG,f,HkMunfrItwGuf vkyfudkifpm; aomufolrsm; aps;a&mif;aps;0,folrsm;? aysmfyGJ&TifyGJorm;rsm; tJonftvTmawGtwGuf ol\pDrHcsufu aumif;pGmtaxmuf tuljyKavonf/ ESpfaygif; 170ausmfNyD/ acwftqufquf vkyfudkifpm;aomufEkdifMuonf/ onfESpfawmh ZmwfobifrSm plygyg0gawGa&SmifMuonf/ 0gacgifvqdkawmh ewfyGJewfvayudk;/

uRef;yifuvnf; yGJBuD;r[kwfawmhayr,fh yGJav;tjzpfawmh wnfNrJ? &SdNrJ/ 0gacgifvqef;onfESifh NyD;awmh awmifjyKef;quf Mu/ (onfESpfawmifjyKef;u &moDOwktzsufoabmawGESifh udk,fhjynfolawG? NyD;awmh pD;yGm;a&;? a&cJa&awGESpfrdkY tvdkvdk rpnfrnfhyGJ/ onfrSm onfacwftoHxGufESifh urfyeD avvH awGaps;uGufxJa&muf/ a[m qkdifcef;aps;awGBuD;? a&cJacsmif; a&mif;rnfholvnf; ig;aomif;? acgif;&Gufaps;onfvnf;rvm&J? onfvdkESifh ....)

odkYaomf tr&yl&aejynfawmfrSm tJonfwkef;u rD;ab; 3Budrfoifhonf/ jynfolawG pdwfrcsrf;ajrU? acsmufacsmufjcm; jcm;jzpfMu/ onfrSm bk&ifjzpfol bBuD;awmfxufMoZmxuf jruf OD;aqmifolrdzk&m;acgifBuD; EkrSm pOf;pm;ae&onf/ jynfol awGpdwfajymif;pdwfvJjzpfatmif bmvkyf&rvJvdkYawG;aeonf/ bm&rvJ/ EkyJav/ [kwfNyD/ awmifjyKef;yGJawmf? yGJawmfNyD;awmh rdcifBuD;udk rif;ESpfyg;rS ykyÜg;jyefydkYrnf/ vrf;c&D;rSm tarmajy em;rnf/ aysmfuEém;awGusif;yrnf/ uJ ½dkufuGif;? ZmwfñTef; b,favmufaumif;ovJ/ 'Dya&m*sufudk rdzk&m;acgifBuD; Ek pDpOfonf/ onfrSm usif;yNrJ rif;BuD;pGmapmfuJ\ &wemh*l bk&m;teD;rSm ewfyGJusif;yavonf/ uJ ajymNyD;ygNyDaum/ ewfvkyfief;vkyfpm;olrsm;? aps;a&mif;aps;0,form;rsm;? aysmfyGJ &TifyGJorm;rsm;? olwdkYvnf;tusdK;&Sd? jynfolawGvnf;aysmf/ onfvdkESifh &wemh*lewfyGJqdkwm ,ckwkdifjzpfxGef;aeonf/

'gaMumifh &wemh*lewfyGJ&,fvdkY onfaeYjzpfwnfaewm eef;rawmfBuD;Ek\ ya&m*sufqdkwm b,forkdif;q&mjiif;rvJ/

(udk;)/ / yxrausmfatmifpHxm;q&mawmf\ y&ykd'f(trsdK;om; pmMunfhwkduf)

rSwfcsuf/ / Ekonfr,fawmfqifjzLr&Sif\rdcif? e,fcsJUqefYusif ol&Jaumif;/ pkzk&m;vwf\bGm;at[kqdkMuí ½dkaopGmuefawmhyg\/

av;Zif y&dowfBuD;wdkYa& ....

0efcHygw,fAsm/ udk,fwkdifusifhoHk;aqmif&Gufr,fvdkY BuHpnf pOf;pm;xm;wJh vlxkvlwef;pm;(obif)ESifhywfoufwJhtaMumif; t&mwpfcsdKUudk enf;enf;yg;yg; ZmwfydkiftcsdKUaqmif&Gufaewm od&awmh 0rf;vnf;om? aus;Zl;vnf;wif? om"kvnf;ac:rd w,fAsm/ 'Dvdkav y&dowfBuD;rsm;&JU/ ZmwfawGrSm yGJuwJh rif;orD;&JUxrD? &ifcHrStp qHxHk;? yef;pwmawGudk? tcsdKUtydkif 0,f? tcsdKUiSm;c Zmwfq&mudkay;Mu&w,f/ 'gudkawmif tcsdKU ydkif&SifawGu ]]aiGoHk;BuD;}}ay;xJu jzwfawmufEIwfygw,f/ 'gudk Zmwfq&mtcsdKUuawmh r,lMuawmhbl;/ ysufpD;&ifawmh wefzdk;oifh&wmaygh/ 'Dvdk pmemrIay;wJh Zmwfykdifenf;enf;yJ&Sd ygw,f/ ZmwfdkufMuwJhtcg aeYxrif;udkauR;Muygw,f/ 'DrSm vnf; 0ufwpfvSnfh? MuufwpfvSnfhauR;wJhZmwfq&mtcsdKU ay:vmygw,f/ aeYwdkufrdkY nuawmh auR;avhr&Sdygbl;/ aeY? nqdk&ifawmh npmvnf; auR;&wmaygh/ a[m 'DESpfrSm owif; aumif;Mum;&wm wpfzGJUay:vmygw,f/ 'DvdkwJhAsm/ aeYwdkuf ayr,fh npmygauR;w,f/ vufzuf&nf? rkefYauR;w,f/ aiG oHk;udkay;p&m&Sdwm wpfyHkwnf;ay;w,f/ 'gqef;ovm;/ [kwf uJh/ qef;ygw,f/ &Sd&ufeJY wrifray;wJhwnfaxmifolawG&Sd wmudk;/ ESpfeyfauR;Zmwfq&mudk wpfckyJarwåm&yfcsifw,f/ wD;vHk;wdkuf&ufudk yHkaob,fESpf&uftNyD;owfrSwf/ wm0eft& vm&olawGudk olwdkYnaMu;&JUwpf0ufEIef;&Sif;? tJ'DvdkrsdK;jzpf csifaerdw,f/

y&da,oe 'ku© 'ku©

y&dowfBuD;awG&,f ZmwfxJvdkuftvkyfvkyfw,fqdkwm wpfESpfudk 365&uf&Sdw,f/ &uf 100 yGJu&if awmfwmyJ/ wpfcsdefu EkdifiHvSnfh½HkZmwf(em;&GufvdkY Avyfudkac:w,f)awG [m atmifjrifolawGu 200ausmfatmif u&w,f/ 'DvdkyJ rEÅav;a'otajcpdkufawGxJrSmvnf; atmifjrifolawG[m yGJcsD ESpf&mausmfatmifu&w,f/ ckawmh wpf&mausmf&if[kwfNyDyJ/ 'Dvdk 'Dvdk yGJawGusJ/ (yGJcsD 320xdu&zl;wJhZmwfwpfcsdKUvnf; &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/) vkyfom;b0rSm &uf 365 rSm &uf 100yJ u& yg&ap/ b,fvdk 'DwpfvkyfxJeJYajyvnfrSmvJ/ trsm;pkb0rSm ESpfwpfESpfulcsDqdkwm&,f? ESpfaygufulcsDqdkwm&,f? 'gawGEIwf &ifbmrS rurSawmhbl;av/ rdwfuyfvdkif;? rif;om;av;wdkY rif;orD;av;wdkYusawmh 0wfpm;zdk;awGqdkwm ....'DrSmxrif; pm;zdkY rdom;pkxrif;pm;zdkY 'Dawmhvnf; yGJr&Sd&if &wmvkyfMu& wmudk;/ 'D&ufydkif;rSm rEÅav;ZmwfxJu rif;orD;av; oHk;OD; Aef;armfbufrSmaygh/ tJ'DzufrSm wnfqJOya' wpfckckeJYNidpGef;NyD; tcufawGUaew,fvdkY owif;0ifvmygw,f/ ajymyga&mvm;/ xrif;wpfvkwftwGuf xGufayguf&Sm&wm/ vrf;aMumif;yGm; wmrrSm;wmqdkwm 'kwd,udpöyg/ ukd,fwdkYvnf; pdwfraumif; ½Hkaygh/ emrnf&SdwJh rif;orD;av;wpfa,mufygowJhav/ at;Asm olwdkYb0av;awG bmqufjzpfrvJ/ aumif;aomtajz&ygap vdkYqkawmif;ayr,fh qkawmif;[mqkawmif;ygyJav/

ta&SUzufrSm qlnHqlnH

Mo*kwf 23&ufrSm rEÅav;NrdKUopf ta&SUoifyef;ukef;&yf wpfae&mrSm ZmwfwdkufaewJhZmwfwpfZmwf[m tJ'DaeYrSm rEÅav;vkdifpifygrpf,lwJhaeYyg/ tzGJUom;pdppfaecsdefrSm qlnHqlnH eJY olYudpöt&if&Sif;ygqdkNyD; trsdK;orD;Zmwfq&mwpfa,mufa&muf vmyga&m/ olu 'DESpfraxmifawmhbl;/ axmifr,fqdkNyD; ay;

xm;wJhaiGtcsdKUtwGuf jyefay;zdkYawmif;wm/ 'grsdK;u ydkif&Sif bufuysufuGuf&if tqHk;/ 'gudk us,favmifavmifeJY ½kyf ysufqif;ysufvkyfawmh wpfzufZmwfydkifeJY bmyJnmyJawGjzpf oljyefawmif;wJhaiGudkvnf; jyZmwfrif;orD;u EkdiforQay; vdkufowJh/ rif;om;? rif;orD;Zmwfwdkufygw,fqdkrS Zmwfykdif csif; atmfy&mZmwfMurf;uwmudk ywf0ef;usifuMunfh&owJh/

ndKacsmoGm;NyD

avbmtNidrfh&SdpOfu 0if;armif? v,fwDMunfa|;wdkYawGeJY ucJhwJh vl&TifawmfndKacsmvnf; toufrBuD;vSayr,fh Mo*kwf 23&ufrSm awmiftif;ajrmuftif;udkoGm;NyDwJhav/ 33 odef; y&[da&Tvufrsm;(qkdif;bdoduf)jrefrmhobiftvSqifolrsm; (rif;om;rsm;)&JU pkaygif;&HykHaiGyGJ[mxkwfvkyfp&dwf(rukefrjzpf&Sif; NyD;33odef;&wmaMumifh)*kPf,l&ygowJh/ odef;aygif; 50

Mo*kwf 24&ufrSm 'DESpfopftwGufvuf&Sd 'kwd,aMu; trsm;qHk;&NyD; p&Hvnf; qdkYqdkYydkYydkY&wm R½kPfOD;Zmwfyg/ [dkyif

em;u uefbkef;BuD;? awmifpsmye 5n? 3aeY (95)odef;&oAs/ Zmwf 3ZmwfudkpHkprf;NyD; aps;ydkawmif;wJhZmwfudkiSm;wmygyJ/

ppfudkif;rSm

[dkwkef;uawmh &efuif;awmifZmwf½Hk[m ZmwfawGwdkuf p&mae&maygh/ &efuif;awmif½Hkr&EkdifawmhtcgrSm wHwm;OD;tm;^ um½HkeJY ppfudkif;ig;xyfBuD;u OD;xGef;a0a':EGJUwdkY½Hk[m Zmwfwdkuf

p&maygh/ 'Dpma&;aewJh Mo*kwf 24&ufrSm atmifausmfolwdkY&JU rEÅvmxdyfacgifwdkufaeygw,f/ NyD;&if a':auoDñGefY&JU 'gwdkYa&T wdkufrSm 1vwdkufrnfwJh/

taemufyGJ uJ

&GmopfBuD; 0gacgifyGJrSm atmifausmfqef;u ydkifoufausmf eJY vGifjrL;urkd;oufEkdifeJY uMurnfwJhAsm/

ra&;ao;yg

jynfhpHkrSefuefwduswJh cdkifvHkwJhowif;tppfudk wnfaqmuf aewmrdkY aumif;owif;? r*Fvmowif;udkMum;&ayr,fh tm; yg;w&a&;&atmif cPapmifhaeygw,f/ 29.8.2012&ufxd awmh tJ'DtaMumif;t&m[m .../

olwdkY olwdkY

19Budrfajrmuf qdk?u? a&;?wD;NydKifyGJtwGuf rEÅav;wkdif;? udk,fpm;jyK&efZmwfawmfBuD;twGufrsdK;rif;ukdjyZmwftwGuf ,Ofaus; rIXmexkwfvkyfaqmif&Guf&efpDpOfxm;onf[kod&NyD; ppfudkif; wdkif;udk,fpm;jyK&efZmwfawmfBuD;twGufrHk&Gmynm&Sif rsm;jyZmwftwGufatmifaZmfrif;jzpfaMumif;od&\/ obifa&G;yGJtwGuf obifa&G;yGJawmfaumfr&Sifwm0efaqmif&Guf&efrEÅav;wkdif; 3OD;twGufyefwsmausmf0if;? wuúodkvfcifjrvGif?OD;ae0if; (pdefwif[ef\om;)wkdYjzpfMuí ppfudkif;wkdif;twGuf OD;&JxG#f? OD;pdk;vdIif?OD;aygufausmfwdkYjzpfonf[kod&onf/

AokefAefpuf

6

(7)

7

7

aoaewJU jrpf

vGrf;w,fvdkYajymayr,fh rif;vGrf;rSmr[kwfbl;/ vrf;rSmawGUwJh opf&Gufa<uvdk

avwdkufwkef;avQmusvGifhyg½HkcPav;yJ ighb0u ratmifjrifrIawGudkyJ atmifjrifpGm pdkufysdK;jzpfxGef;cJhwm/

rif;pdwfrSm ightouf"mwfudkoGif;vdkY/

rif;xGef;yr,fhtvif;rSm ighudk,fig ½IdUNrd§KufavmifuRrf;vdkY/ igwdkY,HkMunf&m trSefw&m;ESpfck[m

igwdkY&JUjy'g;vrf;? oHvrf;yg/

n ...n ighESvHk;om;udk vmacgufaeus tdyfrufawG/ rif; qHEG,f&SnfawGay:u igharQmfvifhjcif; Mu,ftaoawG/ reufjzefrsm;pGmrSm a&mufvmMur,fh tarSmifqHk;yef;yGifhawG/ aoaewJhjrpf[m b,fudkrSrpD;Ekdifawmhbl;/ /

armifEkdifvif;(aumvif;) ucsifjynfe,fwGif;rSwdkufyGJrsm;aMumifhxGufajy;aeMu&aom ppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;tm; w½kwfEkdifiHxJücdkvIHcGifhay;&ef tygt0if

ucsifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJU (KIO)ESifhtpdk;&wdkYtMum;jzpfyGm;aeaomppfa&;y#dyu©rsm;udkajz&Sif;Ekdif&efw½kwftpdk;& taejzifh tm;ay;

ulnD&ef tar&dueftpkd;&u w½kwftpdk;&xHwkdufwGef;xm;onf[kEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;XmerSajyma&;qkdcGifh&Sdol Victoria Nuland

uMo*kwf 29&ufaeYuajymMum;cJhonf/

xdkYtjyifw½kwfEkdifiHxJü&Sdaom ucsifppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;xH EkdifiHwumrS tultnDay;Ekdif&efw½kwftpkd;&u cGifhjyKay;&ef vdktyfygonf/ xdkYtwljrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;ydkif;odkY w½kwfEkdifiHujyefvnfajymif;a&TUckdif;cJhaom'ku©onfrsm;udkvnf; EkdifiHwumtzGJU tpnf;rsm;u tultnDay;Ekdif&ef jrefrmtpdk;&rScGifhjyKay;&efowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJü Ms.Nuland uawmif;qdkcJhygonf/

w½kwftpdk;&onfNyD;cJhwJh&ufykdif;uw½kwfEkdifiH,leefjynfe,fxJücdkvIHaeMuaomucsifppfajy;'ku©onfrsm;udk twif;t"r®jyefydkYcJh onf[k pGyfpGJcsufrsm;tay:jiif;qdkcJhygonf/ þ'ku©onfrsm;onf (5000)eD;yg;cefY&SdNyD;w½kwfjynf,leefjynfe,fulrif;c½dkif a&TvDNrdKUe,frS jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;odkY þMo*kwfvtukefwGiftNyD;wkdifjyefydkY&efpDpOfxm;cJhwmjzpfaMumif;od&ygonf/

xdkYtwl ucsifjynfe,fzm;uefY&Sdausmufpdrf;wl;azmfa&;a'ozufüvnf; axmifESifhcsDaoma'ocHrsm;ab;vGwf&m 'ku©onfpcef; udka&TUajymif;aeMu&ygonf/ tar&dueftpdk;&\ þawmif;qdkrIudkw½kwfzufrSvdkufavsmzG,f&Sdaeygonf/w½kwfonf ukvor*¾ tzGJU\ADwdk&BuD;ig;BuD;tNrJwrf;tzGJU0ifjzpfonfhtwGufurÇmh'ku©onfa&;&mrsm;üyg0ifulnD&rnfjzpfonf[ktuJcwfrsm;uqdkygonf/ þuJhodkYaom'ku©onfta&;udktaMumif;jyKNyD; tar&duefzuffrSyg0ifpGufzufvmrnfudkrvdkvm;aomw½kwfonfrdrd e,fajrxJü ucsifppfajy;'ku©onfr&Sdapa&;twGufNyD;cJhonfhvukefykdif;rSpNyD;rdrdwdkYe,fajrxJa&mufaeaom'ku©onfrsm;udk twif;ESifxkwfcJhygonf/ þuJhodkYaom tar&dueftpkd;&u w½kwftpdk;&udkrawmif;qdkrD jrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m tar&duefoHtrwf rpfcsJuvnf; wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf'kwd,AdkvfcsKyfrSKL;BuD;rif;atmifvdIiftm;NyD;cJhonfhMo*kwfvu aejynfawmfwGifoGm;a&muf awGUqHk cJhygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJxkwfjyef&mü wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufrIudpövnf;aqG;aEG;cJhygonf/

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf jrefrmEkdifiH\ 'Drkdua&pDjyK jyifajymif;vJa&;tpDtpOfüvufawGUusaomtcef;u@wGif yg0ifvm&ef jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m USAID(U.S.Agency for International Development tzGJUwm0efcHudkvnf;cefYtyfcJhaMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/

31.8.2012 eHeuf(10)em&DcGJtcsdefrSpwifNyD; &efukefNrdKU a&T*Hkwkdif&Sd awmf0ifESif;qDpm;aomufqkdifüusif;yaeaom jrefrm EkdfiiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD;(jrefrmjynf ajrmufykdif;-yga*smif)a'owGif 1991-92ckESpfwGifjzpfyGm;cJhaom owfjzwfrIrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ajrmuf ydkif;ausmif;om;&Jabmfa[mif;rS aMunmcsufwpf&yfxkwfjyefcJh aMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/ tqdkygaMunmcsufwGif ]]1992 atmuf wdkbmvtwGif; ucsifjynfe,f 0dkif;armfNrdKue,f yga*smifa'o &Sd ABSDF(NB) pcef;tusOf;axmifü axmufvSrf;a&;[k rw&m;

pGyfpGJcH&um n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&NyD; usqHk;oGm;aom OD;pdef\orD; jzpfol rpef;pef;at;u ¤if;\zcifaoqHk;rIudk ajrmufOuúvmy &Jpcef;ü Mo*kwfv (19)&ufaeywGif y^896^12^302jzifh jrefrm jynfajrmufykdif;ü rw&m;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcHcJh&onfh usqHk;cJhol rsm;\rdom;ppk0ifrsm;rS w&m;Oya'a&;&mvrf;aMumif;rsm;jzifh ajz&Sif;rIrsm;aqmif&GufvkyfudkifchJaomf ajrmufykdif;trIESifhpyfvsOf; í twdwfumvüBuHKawGUcJh&onfh cg;oD;aomtawGUtBuHKrsm; qHk;½IH;epfemrIrsm;ay: tajcjyKNyD; trkef;w&m;tNid§K;tmCmw w&m;rsm;arG;zGm;aejcif;xuf ,aeYtcsdeftcgwGif aemifrsdK;quf wdkY orkdif;oifcef;pmrQa0&efESifh w&m;a&;r@dKifcdkifrmawmifhwif; ap&eftwGuf jrefrmjynfajrmufykdif;trIESifhqufET,fwm0ef&Sdaom oufqdkifolrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYajrmufykdif;ausmif;om;&Jabmf a[mif;rsm;ESifhtwl vufwGJaqmif&Guf&ef av;pm;pGmwdkufwGef; ygaMumif;}}azmfjyyg&SdcJhygonf/

ABSDF

jrefrmjynfajrmufykdif;- (yga*smif)a'owGif

1991-92 ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;cJUaomowfjzwfrIrsm;twGuf

ajrmufykdif;ausmif;om;&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;rS

aMunmcsufwpf&yfxkwfjyef

ucsif'ku©onfrsm;udkulnD&ef tar&duefu w½kwfudkawmif;qdk

&ckdifjynfe,fab;'ku©twGuf awmifilZHkpmaytEkynmtoif;rS

aiGESifU t0wftxnfrsm;vSL'gef;

vwfwavm&ifqkdifBuHKawGUae&aom&ckdkifjynfe,f&Sdvkyfom;jynfolrsm;\ab;'ku©tcuftcJrsm;twGuftaxmuftyHhjzpf ap&efyJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD;awmifilZHk pmaytEkynm&Sifrsm;ESifhqE´wlapwem&Sifjynfolrsm;0dkif;0ef;yl;aygif;í trsdK;om;0wf? trsdK;orD;0wf? t0wftxnfrsdK;pHk(15)xkyf(umvwefaMu; cefYcSef;usyfckESpfodef;cGJzdk;cefY)ESifh rm;rm;acgufqGJajcmuf? rkefokefpma&; ud&d,mrsm;ESifhaiGom;tvSLaiGusyfwpfodef;ESpfaomif;(100000d^)wdkYtm;awmifilZHkpmaytEkynm&Siftoif; OuúXumwGef; rdref;av;?twGif;a&;rSL;armifaqG(awmifil)?tkwfwGif;a'owm0efcHOD;nDnD?tusdK;aqmifOD;oef;ñGefY? OD;0if;aX;wdkYrS &efukefNrdKU a&Twd*Hkbk&m;ta&SUbufrkcf&Sd "n0wDbkef;ausmfBuD;ausmif;wdkuf &ckdifjynfe,fab;'ku©u,fq,fa&;aumfrwD(&efukef)odkY 4.8.2012&ufaeYuoGm;a&mufay;ydkYvSL'gef;cJhMu&mab;'ku©u,ffq,fa&;aumfrwDOuúXa':cifapm wifhESiftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;xGef;0if;wdkYrSvufcH&,lcJhaMumif;owif;&&Sdygonf/ armifaqG(awmifil) tm&Sta&;txl;jyKavhvmwJh owif;pmq&m bmaw;vf

vifhwem(Bertil Lintner)upufwifbmvxJrSmjrefrmjynfukd

vmr,fvdkYod&ygw,f/ jrefrmekdifiHtpdk;&&JU Black List xJ uae

ol\ emrnfudk Mo*kwfv29&ufaeYujzKwfay;vdkufwJhtwGuf olujrefrmjynfudkjrefEkdiforQjrefjrefoGm;a&mufzdkYjyifaeNyDvkdYod& ygw,f/

]]jrefrmjynfu &ufyfeJY[pfa[mhyftqdkawmfawGudkawGUr,f/ pme,fZif;orm;wcsdKUudkvnf;awGUr,f/ EkdifiHa&;orm;awGudk awmh awGUjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;}}vdkY bmaw;vfuqdkygw,f/ olu bmaMumifh acwfay:*Dworm;awGeJYawGUrSmvJqdkawmh ]]&ufyf? [pfa[mhyfawGeJY jrefrmoHcsyfMum;rSmwlnDcsufawG&Sdaewm pdwf0ifpm;zdkYaumif;ygw,f}}vdkYbmaw;vfu{&m0wDbavmhcfudk ajymjyxm;wmyg/ olu[pfa[mhyftqdkawmf te*¾eJYawmif rdwfaqGjzpfaeygNyDvdkYqdkygao;w,f/'Dwpfcgbmaw;vfvifhwem a&;r,fhaqmif;yg; odkYr[kwfpmtkyfujrefrmh½dk;&m*DweJYacwfay: *DwqufpyfrItaMumif;jzpfEkdifzG,f&Sdygw,f/ olu jrefrmjynf taMumif;aqmif;yg;trsm;tjym;a&;om;cJholjzpfygw,f/ y#dyu©? EkdifiHawmfwnfaqmufrI? rl;,pfaq;jyóem taMumif;yg0ifwJh

Burma in Revolt eJY Outrageland of Jade, The Kachin: Lords of Burma's Northern Frontier Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma's Struggle for Democracy pwm awGukdola&;

cJhwJhjrefrmjynfqkdif&mxif&Sm;wJhpmtkyfrsm;jzpfygw,f/ ol[m ajrmufudk&D;,m;taMumif;udkvnf;txl;jyKavhvmolwpfOD;vnf; jzpfaMumif;od&ygw,f/

jrefrmjynfvmr,fU

tm&Sa'ota&;txl;jyKavUvmaeaom

owif;pmq&m

bmaw;vfvifUwem

(8)

8

jrefrmUvufa&G;pifa[mif;rsm;

Old Star

abmvHk;toif;ESifU

jrefrmUobiftvSqifolrsm;u &cdkifa'ojyefvnfzGHY NzdK;a&;twGuf

&HyHkaiGabmvHk;yGJtm; rEåav;NrdKY Axl;tm;upm;uGif;wGifqifETJ

Zmwfrif;om;av;rsm;eJY ZmwftzGJUom;rsm;yg0ifwJh jrefrmh obiftvSqifolrsm;eJY txufjrefrmjynfjrefrmhvufa&G;pif a[mif;rsm; Old Star abmvHk;toif;wdkYu &cdkifa'ojyefvnf

zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf &HyHkaiGabmvHk;yGJudk Mo*kwfv 29&ufaeY nae 4em&Du rEÅav;NrdKU Axl;tm;upm;uGif;rSm ,SOfNydKifupm;Mu ygw,f/ txufjrefrmjynf jrefrmhvufa&G;pifa[mif;rsm; Old Star abmvHk;toif;rSm pdef0if;BuD;? cifarmifav;? xGef;jrwf?

ausmfwifh? oef;wkd;atmif? 0if;atmif? rsdK;vdIif0if;? pdk;rkd;ausmf? jrifhudk? rEÅav;wkdif;vufa&G;pifa[mif;rsm;jzpfMuwJh 0if;jrifh (qo&)? aX;0if;(&xm;)? cifarmifpdk;? atmifodef;? rsdK;vS? vS0if;? wuúodkvfxGef;atmif(&xm;)? pdk;Ekdif0if;? atmif<u,f? NzdK;aZmf[def;? Muifrif;? jrifhpdk;vdIif(&xm;)? pdef0if;? ausmfrif;,Of? ausmfoef;? oefYZifaxG;? rsdK;vif;? at;csdK? ndK0if;? vGifarmif vwf? pdk;pdk;? wifvdIifat;? cspfprf;armif? pdk;vS? atmifatmifwdkY yg0ifupm;MuNyD; jrefrmhobiftvSqifolrsm;abmvHk;toif; rSmawmh Zmwfrif;om;zdk;cspf? 0if;aemif? vdIifbGm;atmif? a&TnD udk? aemf0,f? a0,HNzdK;? ESif;ol? bkef;jrifahtmif? rkd;,H? atmif pdk;rif;? ydk;cspf? atmifatmifOD;? ti,fav;? NzdK;a0atmif? csrf;aZmf[def;? NzdK;aemif? okw? zdk;vHk;? rif;ydkifaZ? atmifcsrf; rif;? &Jcdkif? a&Smufaygif;wdkYuyg0ifupm;Muygw,f/ &HyHkaiGabm vHk;yGJtwGuf vufrSwfrsm;udk VIP wef; wpfapmifusyf 3000?

txl;wef;wpfapmifvQif usyf 1000? ½dk;½dk;wef;wpfapmifvQif usyf 500eJYa&mif;csay;ygw,f/ &HyHkaiGabmvHk;yGJrSm u,m;jynf e,f abmvHk;qyfaumfrwDOuúX u,m;jynfe,fvufa&G;pif a[mif;OD;xGef;ausmfu txufjrefrmjynf jrefrmhvufa&G;pif a[mif;rsm; Old Star abmvHk;toif;twGuf &HyHkaiGusufy

oHk;odef;ESifh &ckdifjynfe,fzGHUNzdK;a&;&HyHkaiGtwGuf usyfckESpfodef; vSL'gef;oGm;ygw,f/ &HyHkaiGabmvHk;yGJuae &ckdifa'ozGHUNzdK;a&; &HyHkaiG pkpkaygif; usyfodef; 30vSL'gef;oGm;rSmjzpfaMumif;od&yg w,f/ jrefrmhobiftvSqifolrsm;&JUzmulqef rsdK;vIdif0if;eJY zkd;cspf

½kyf&SiftEkynm&Sifrsm;tm;

cDs;jr§ifUay;tyfonfU

tu,f'rDqkrsm;tm;

2014ckESpfrSpwifum

½kyf&Siftpnf;t½Hk;rS

a&G;cs,fay;oGm;awmUrnf

jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd ½kyf&SifMunfhy&dowfrsm; pdwf0ifpm;rItrsm;qHk; jzpfaom tu,f'rDqkay;yGJtm; 2013-2014 b@ma&;ESpfrS pí jrefrmEkdifiH½kyf&Siftpnf;t½Hk;ESifh tEkynmavmuom;rsm;u om a&G;cs,fay;tyfoGm;awmhrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tu,f'rDay;yGJrsm;tm; acwftqufquf rSyif oufqdkif&mtpdk;&toD;oD;rS pDpOfay;tyfcJhjcif;jzpfum ,aeYacwfwGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmerSOD;aqmifí qkrsm;ay; tyfcJhaMumif;ESifh ,if;tu,f'rDqkESifhywfoufí 2013- 2014 b@ma&;ESpfrSpí tEkynmorm;rsm;ESifhvGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;vdkuf aomjrefrmEkdifiH ½kyf&Siftpnf;t½Hk;rS a&G;cs,fay;tyfcGifhrsm; yxr qHk;taejzifh &&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/

]]tu,f'rDay;wmeJYywfoufNyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkY½kyf&Sif tpnf;t½Hk;taeeJY ajymif;vJvmwJhacwfpepfawGeJYtnD tu,f 'rDqkawGudk uRefawmfwdkYjrefrmEkdifiH½kyf&Sifavmuom;rsm;om vQif ay;tyfvdkygw,fvdkY jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme? jynfaxmifpk 0efBuD;xHudkwifjycJh&mrSm tckqdk uRefawmfwdkYaqmif&GufvdkwJh twkdif; aqmif&GufcGifh&&SdNyDjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY tu,f'rDay;cGifh&vmNyDqdkayr,fh 2011-2012ckESpfrSmay;r,f qdk&if jyifqifaqmif&GufzdkYtwGuf tcsdefr&Sdjzpfaeygw,f/ 'gh aMumifh 2014vqef;uae ½kyf&Sifxl;cRefqkawG pay;ygr,f/ ay;r,fh½kyf&Sifum;awGuawmh 2013o@ma&;ESpftwGif;rSm wiforQ½kyf&Sifum;awGyJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D½kyf&Sifum;awGudk uRef awmfwdkYtaeeJYtEkynm&SifawGuay;tyfoGm;rSm}}[k jrefrmEkdifiH ½kyf&Siftpnf;t½Hk;rS OuúXOD;Zif0dkif;uajymonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ½kyf&Sifavmuom;rsm;twGuf tBuD;rm;qHk;aomyGJjzpfonfh tu,f'rDay;yGJtm; acwftqufquf wufvmcJhaomEdkifiH awmftpdk;&rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uom OD;aqmifusif;yvmcJhNyD; tu,f'rDqkrsm;rSm jynfoltrsm;uay;omqk? tEkynm&Sif rsm;uay;aomqkESifh EkdifiHawmfrSay;aomqk vGJacsmfrIrsm;pGm&Sd aomaMumifh tu,f'rDqkay;yGJtay:wGif y&dowfrS pdwf0if pm;rIrsm;avQmhusvmcJh&aMumif;od&onf/à

OD;xGef;ausmffeJY 0if;aemif

(9)

9

9

tar&duefEkdifiHrS vlxktjrifaumufcHa&;wuúodkvf\ ygarmu©csKyfxH vli,fwpfOD;a&mufvmNyD; rdrd\avhvmcsuf taMumif;udkajymjyonf/

]]trsdK;orD;aygif; ESpfaxmifwdwdudk uRefawmfudk,fwkdif avhvmqef;ppfcsuft& ckdifrmwJhaumufcsufwpfckudk uRefawmf &w,f/ tJ'gu bmvJqdkawmh trsdK;orD;xk&JU 17&mckdifEIef;[m twGif;cHabmif;bDudk r0wfMubl;qdkwJhtcsufyJ}}

]]bmvJ cifAsm;u pm&if;tif;Xmeu0efxrf;vm;}} ]]r[kwfbl;? trsdK;orD;zdeyfqkdifrSm aps;a&mif;wJhol}}

pwkw¬wef;r&Sdvkdh

paumhwvefom;wpfa,muf &xm;wwd,wef;wGJrS vdkufygvmonf/ *spfypD(tkd;tdrftwnfwusraebJ avQmuf oGm;aewwfonfhvlrsdK;)wpfa,mufu ar;onf/

]]vlBuD;rif;cifAsm;? bmjzpfvdkY wwd,wef;upD;vmwm vJcifAsm;}}

]]b,fhES,fhvkyfrvJ? pwkw¬wef;rS r&SdwJhOpöm}}

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;

]]jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vrf;pOfudk cifAsm;b,fvdk oabm xm;ovJ}}

]]axmufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh pnf;urf;csufeJYyJaxmufcH csifw,f}}

]]bmpnf;urf;csufygvdrfh}}

]]uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm tJ'Dvrf;pOfudk taumiftxnfrazmf apcsifbl;}}

vG,fatmifvkdh

c&D;onfwifav,mOfBuD;onf rD;wmwpfaomif;tjrifhrS ysHoef;aeonf/ ½kwfw&uf tif*sifpufcsdKU,Gif;ojzifh av,mOf onf atmufodkY rem;wrff;xkd;usvmonf/ c&D;onfrsm;xdwf vefYwMum;jzpfukefMuonf/ þtcsdefwGif av,mOfr,fa&muf vmNyD; tm;vHk;Mum;atmifatmfajymvkdufonf/

]]av;pm;tyfwJhc&D;onfrsm;&Sifh/ udk,fh&JUEkdifiHul;vufrSwf awGudk oGm;eJYwtm;udkufxm;Muyg&Sifh}}

c&D;onfwpfOD;uar;onf/ ]]bmtwGufvJ}}

]]av,mOfysufuswhJtcg b,folYtavmif;qdkwm azmf xkwf&vG,fatmifvdkYyg}}

a&rcsdK;csifvkdh

]]a[h armifyDwm? bmjzpfvdkY rkd;a&xJ&yfae&wmvJ/ wpf udk,fvHk;vnf; &TJpdkvdkYygvm;}}

]]taru a&csdK;ay;r,fqdkvdkY ykef;aewmyg}}

qdkcsifao;&ifajymyg tbGm;&,f

ESpfESpfom; ajr;i,fudk tbGm;jzpfolu om;acsmhoDcsif; qdkum odyfaeonf/ ajr;uav;rtdyfEdkdifojzifh tbGm;onf oDcsif;udkawmufavQmufqufqdkae&onf/ aemufqHk;wGif ykcufxJrS uav;utbGm;udkajymonf/ ]]tbGm;? tdyf&awmhrvm;[if? 'grSr[kwf tbGm;oDcsif; qufqdkcsifao;ovm;}}

[motusdK;

]]rif;ajymjywJh[moudk ighrdef;rudkajymjyvdkufwm tck ighudkpum;rajymwm wpfywf&SdNyD}} ]][m 'gqdk [efuswmaygh/ tck rif;a,mu©rudkajymjy vdkuf}}

ukef;awmUay:

bDvf*dwfajymwJU

tBuHÓ Pf (11)ck

bGJUESif;obifwpfckrSm bGJU&ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf bDvf *dwfu 'DvdktBuHÓmPfay;a[majymcJhygw,f/

(1) vlYb0urrQwbl;/ 'gudk vufcHEkdifatmifBudK;pm;yg/ (2) 'Davmuçuudk,fhav;pm;MunfndKrIudktodtrSwfjyKrSm r[kwfbl;/ tusdK;oufa&mufrIudkt&ifvkyfNyD;rSudk,fh&JU cHpm; csufudk qef;ppfzdkYavmuBuD;u ydkarQmfvifhw,f/

(3) ausmif;uaecGmwmeJY vcaumif;r&Ekdifbl;/ csufcsif;[ef; zkef;csdwfxm;wJh uGyfuJolrjzpfEkdifbl;/ ESpfckpvHk;twGuf BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfrS&Ekdifw,f/

(4) ausmif;uq&mawGudk qkd;w,fvdkY cifAsm;wdkYxifcJh&if wpfaeYcifAsm;wdkYukrÜPDolaX;awGjzpfvmwJhtcsdefus&if odvdrfh r,f/ olaX;awGutvkyfudkta<u;rxm;bl;/

(5) [rfbm*gqkdifrSmtvkyfvkyfvdkY udk,fhudktoHk;rusbl;vdkY rxifeJY/ cifAsm;bdk;bGm;awGu [rfbm*gtvkyftwGuf t"dyÜg,f wpfckzGifhvdkufr,f/ tJ'gu ]]tcGifhta&;}}wJh/

(6) cifAsm;bmrSjzpfrvmwm cifAsm;rdbawG&JUtrSm;r[kwf bl;/ 'gaMumifh ukd,fvkyfwJhtrSm;twGuf a'goxGufraeeJY/ trSm;xJuoif,lyg/

(7) cifAsm;rarG;zGm;cif cifAsm;rdbawGu tckvdkxkdif;rdIif;ae wm r[kwfbl;/ olwdkY tckvdkxkdif;rIdif;ae&wmu cifAsm;toHk; p&dwftwGuf&SmaevdkY? cifAsm;&JUt0wfawGavQmf&vdkY? udk,fhudk,f udk awmfaMumif;tajymBuD;wJh cifAsm;&JUpum;udk em;axmifae &vdkYjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;rdbwdkYacwfu zsufqD;cJhwJh tylydkif;ZHkopfawmhudkcifAsm;jyKjyifu,fwifzdkY rBudK;pm;cifcifAsm;&JU tdyf&mudkt&ifoefY&Sif;vdkufyg/

(8) ausmif;rSm EkdifoleJY½IH;olqdkwm&Sdw,f/ b0rSmr&Sdbl;/ ausmif;ucifAsm;udk tcGifhta&;rjywfay;NyD; tajzrSef&zdkY&Smckdif; vdrfhr,f/ wu,fhvufawGUb0rSmawmh 'Dvdkr&Sdbl;/

(9) wDADxJu o½kyfaqmifwmawGu wu,fhb0awGr[kwf bl;/ wu,fhb0uvlwdkif; aumfzDqkdifudkausmcdkif;NyD; tvkyfxJ 0if&wmcsnf;yJ/

(10) pm*sydk;awGudk wav;wpm;qufqHyg/ wpfcsdefcsdef ol wdkYxJuwpfa,mufqDrSmcifAsm;tvkyfvkyfjzpfvdrfhr,f/

(11) vlYb0rSm oifMum;csdefumvrowfrSwfbl;/ ydwf&uf r&Sdbl;/ b,ftvkyf&SifurS cifAsm;vkyfcsifwmudk n§dEdIif;ay;rSm r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhukd,fhtm;vyfcsdefudk toHk;jyKyg/

BILL GATES' SPEECH TO MT. WHITNEY HIGH SCHOOL in Visalia, California.

Love him or hate him, he sure hits the nail on the head with this!

To anyone wiht kids of any age, here's some ad-vice. Bill Gates recently gave a High School about 11 things they did not and will not learn in shcool. He talks about how feel-good, politically correct teaching cre-ated a generation of kids with no concept reality and how this concept set them up for failure in the real world.

Rule 1: Life is not fair get used to it!

Rule: The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something BE-FORE you feel good about yourself.

Rule 3: You will NOT make $60,000 ayear right out of high school. You won't be a bice-president with a car phone until you earn both.

Rule 4: If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.

Rule 5: Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your Grandparents had a different word for burger Flip-ping they called it opportunity.

Rule 6: If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about your mistakes, learn from them.

Rule 7: Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you thought you are. So be-fore you save the rain be-forest from the parasites of your parents's generation, try delousing the closet in your own room.

Rule 8: Your school may have done away with win-ners and losers, but life HAS NOT. In some schools they have abolished failing grades and they'll give you as MANY TIMES as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life.

Rule 9: Life is not divided tint semesters, You don't get summers off and very few employers are intersted in helping you FIND YOURSELF. Do that on your own time.

Rule 10: Television is NOT real life. In real People actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.

Rule 11: Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

&mjynfUrEåav;pmtkyfta&mif;yGJawmfusif;y

rEÅav;NrdKU? r[matmifajrNrdKUe,f? 35vrf;? 72-73vrf;

Mum;&Sd &mjynfhrEÅav;(pmtkyfqkdif) trSwf 1ESifh rEÅav;NrdKU? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f? 34vrf;? 80-81vrf;Mum;&Sd &mjynfh rEÅav;(pmtkyfqkdif)trSwf 2wdkYü &mjynfhrEÅav;rkd;&moDpmtkyf ta&mif;yGJawmftjzpf pmtkyfta&mif;yGJawmfudk 2012ckESpf puf wifbmv 1&ufrS pufwifbmv(7)&ufxd usif;yvsuf&Sd aMumif;od&onf/ tqdkygpmtkyfta&mif;yGJawmfwGif pmtkyf rsm;udk 10&mcdkifEIef;rS 30&mcdkifEIef;txdavQmhaps;jzifha&mif;csay; rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf Art For All yef;csDjyyGJusif;y

rEÅav;NrdKU yef;csD? yef;yktEkynmtxufwef;ausmif;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf Art For All trnf&aom pkaygif;yef;csDjyyGJudk Mo*kwf 2&ufaeYrS puf

wifbm 2&ufaeYtxd rEÅav;awmifajc? ukodkvfawmfbk&m; teD;&Sd ukodkvfawmfyef;csDjycef;wGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhaMumif;od &onf/

tqdkygjyyGJwGif ausmif;qif;ausmif;om;? ausif;ol(11)OD; \ yef;csDum; 98um; yg0ifcsdwfqGJjyocJhonf/ a&aq;yef;csD (77)um;? qDaq;yef;csD (15)um;? cJyef;csD (6)um;wdkYESifh yef;yk vuf&m½kyfwk (2)ckwdkYyg0ifaMumif;od&onf/

(10)

10

NyD;cJhwJh OykofaeYu ppf udkif;bufurdwfaqGwpfa,muf qDudk uefywfvrf;uaetoGm; &Srf;av;uRef;a&jrKyfaewmudk awGU&awmh tHhMooGm;ygw,f/ cgwkdif;qdk&if 'kwd,0gqdk 'grS r[kwf 0gacgifvusrS a&0if wwfwJh ae&mav;u tck yxr0gqdkrSma&awGa&mufae vdkYyg/ &Srf;av;uRef;uawmh a&S;uwnf;u {&m0wDjrpf a&wufw,fqdk&if a&0ifae us a&jrKyfaeusae&mygyJ/ 'g aMumifhvnf; tJ'D&GmrSm&SdwJh tdrftm;vHk; ajcwH&SnfawGyJ aqmufxm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh vnf; a&wufNyDqdkwmeJY wpf &GmvHk;&SdwJhvla&m EGm;a&m a& vGwfwJh uefywfvrf;ay:udk a&mufvmwmygyJ/ 'Dvdk a& wufcsdefqdk&if {&m0wDjrpfa& uscsdefaomifxGef;wJhae&mrSm ,m,DwJaqmufNyD;aeolawG &,f? Ek;wifajrEkuRef;ay:rSm aeolawGeJY jrpfurf;eHab;u &SdwJh&GmutdrfawGwifruyg bl;/ ppfudkif;? a&TMuuf,uf tr&yl&um;vrf;awmifbuf rSm&SdwJh&GmawGutdrfawGyg ppf udkif;rEÅav;um;vrf;ab;rSm tukefa&TUNyD;vmaeMu&wm ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;ygyJ/ a&wufNyD qdkwmeJY um;vrf;eHab;rSm tdrfav;awGtvQdKvQdKeJYay:vmNyD; a&rusrcsif;'Dem;rSmyJjzpfovdk aeMu&awmhwmygyJ/ ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif;a&wufvm&if a& vGwfwJhae&majymif;aevdkuf? a&usawmh rl&if;ae&mjyefoGm; NyD; wHigvkyf? udkif;vkyf,mvkyf eJYaecJhMuwm bkd;pOfabmif quftom;usaeNyDvdkYawmif qdkEkdifygw,f/ 'Dvdka&wufcsdefrSmqdk&if a&ab;ajy;vmwJhrdom;pkawG tawmfrsm;ygw,f/ olwdkYcjrm rSm,m,Daqmufxm;wJhayguf pewJav;xJrSmjzpfovdkaeMu &ygw,f/ aeYqdk tdrf&Sdvlukef tjyifxGuf? nqdk wdk;acGUtdyf? xrif;[if;csufawmh wJa&SU rSmrD;cdk;wvlvleJYcsuf? oHk;wJh a&u ausmay;xm;wJhjrpfa& udkcyfoHk;? tdrfomr&Sdawmh BuHK wJhae&mrSmtnpftaMu;pGefY qdkjyefawmh tJvdka&ab;a&Smif olawGaewJh ywf0ef;usifrSm npfywfyGxvdkYaeygw,f/ ol wdkYrSmawmh a&G;cs,fp&mvrf; r&Sdawmh jzpfovdkaewm t om;usaeygNyD/ usef;rma&;eJY rnDñGwfwmawmh trSefygyJ/ ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;a&epfvdkY? taumif &SnfudkufvdkY bmjzpfvdkYjzpfrSef; rodbJ toufqHk;½IH;cJhMuwJh vlawGvnf;&SdcJhrSmtrSefygyJ/ 'D yHkpH'DtcsdK;eJYjzpfaewmudk ESpf aygif;rsm;pGmaecJhMuwmvnf; tHhawmhtHhMop&m/ aeolawG uvnf; 'Dtwdkif;aecJhMu/ wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uvnf; jzpf wkef;cP tultnD0dkif;ay; vdkufMueJYyJNyD;oGm;ygw,f/ 'D vdkjzpfwm b,ftcsdefrSmrS t qHk;owfr,frodygbl;/ aemuf&uf vufzuf &nfqkdifxkdif&if; *sme,faumuf zwfMunfhawmh wkdufwdkuf qkdifqkdif &Srf;uav;uRef;rSm oli,fcsif;awGa&NydKiful;&if; vli,fav;wpfa,muf a&epf NyD;aowJhtaMumif;zwfrdjyefyg w,f/ tJawmhvnf; [dkawG; 'DawG;a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawG jyefawG;rdjyefygw,f/ [dkt&if u uRefawmfwdkY rEÅav;rSm tckacwfBuD;vdk vnfywfp&m raygovdk pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;wJh taMumif;t&mu vnf; enf;yg;ygw,f/ tJ'g aMumifhvnf; wpfckxl;w,f qdkawmh tajy;tvTm;oGm; MunfhMuygw,f/ tckvdk 0gqdk 0gacgifrSm {&m0wDjrpfa&wuf NyD? wm½kd;em;a&mufaeNyDqdk vnf; a&MunfhoGm;Mu&wm tvkyfwpfck/ uRefawmfwdkY i,fi,fu {&m0wDjrpfudk umxm;wJhwm½dk;qdkwm tck acwfvdk us,fus,fvGifhvGifh uwå&mvrf;r[kwfygbl;/ a&S; a&S;uwnf;u&SdcJhwJhtwkdif; rjyKrjyifxm;cJhwJh ajrabmif BuD;yg/ tus,fuawmh puf bD;ESpfpif;oGm;om½Hkavmuf/ um;wufvdkYr&ygbl;/ vGefcJh aomESpfaygif;oHk;q,fausmf avmufyJqdkygawmh/ wm½dk; em;udka&awGa&mufaeNyDqdkwJh wpf&uf uRefawmfwdkYtdrfab; urdom;pku jrpfqdyfudka& MunfhoGm;Muygw,f/ tJ'Dtdrf u om;tvwf ]zdk;wm}&,f oleJYaphpyfxm;wJhaumifrav; &,f? olwdkYnDtpfudkarmifESr wpfpk&,faygh/ jrpfqdyfudk a&mufawmh a&awGuvnf; tawmfudk wufaeygw,f/ oabFmawG? orÁmefawGu vnf; urf;em;rSmuyfNyD;qdkuf xm;MuwmjynfhMuyfaeygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdef qdkufxm;wJhoabFm eHab;rSm a&Muufav;wpf aumifu b,frSroGm;bJ&yf aeygowJh/ ]]a&Muufuav; uvnf; cspfp&mav;}}vdkY olY aumifrav;uvnf;ajyma&m a&ul;enf;jyq&mvnf;jzpfwJh ]]zdk;wm}}u t0wftpm;awG cRwfNyD; a&xJudkvSvSyy'dkifAif xkd;qif;oGm;ygowJh/ ola&xJ qif;wJhtcsdefeJYwpfNydKifwnf; avmufrSm a&Muufav;u vnf; a&xJudkikyfoGm;ygowJh/ pGyfueJudkjrKyfoGm;vdkufwm awmfawmfeJYay:rvmbl;/ tm; vHk;txifuvnf; a&xJikyf oGm;wJha&Muufuav;aemuf a&ikyfNyD;vdkufw,faygh/ 'gay r,fhtawmfeJY ay:rvmawmh pdwfylpjyKvmygw,f/ em&D0uf avmufMumrSay:rvmawmhrS jyL;wl;jymwmawGjzpfNyD; urf; uyfxm;wJhoabFmuvlawG tultnDawmif;&ygw,f/ tJ awmhrS tm;vHk;u'gqdka&epf wmaocsmw,fqdkNyD; 0dkif;&Sm Muygw,f/ a&xJarsmoGm;wm awmhr[kwfEkdifbl;/ urf;uyf xm;wJhazmifawGatmufa&muf oGm;wmaerSmqdkNyD; azmifawG atmufikyfwJholikyf? ydkufuGef awGcsNyD;&SmvdkY&Sm/ nudk;em&D xkd;vdkYarSmifrJoGm;wJhtxdrawGU rS idkidk&D&DeJYjyefvmMuygw,f/ aemufaeYreuftapmBuD;xu? jrpfqdyfjyefoGm; vlwpfa,muf a&epfoGm;wJhtaMumif;awGUcJh&if taMumif;Mum;zdkY vlwumudk vdkufrSmMu&ygw,f/ a&epf aocJhwmrSef&if acgif;aq;uRef; rSmtavmif;ay:w,fqdkvdkY tJ 'DudkawGU&if taMumif;Mum;zdkY oGm;rSm/ armfawmfav;awGiSm;NyD; aemuf jrpf½dk;wpfavQmufrSm tpkeftqefoGm;vdkY&Sm/ wpf ygwfjynfhawmh qGrf;oGwfvdkY &ufvnfMuygw,f/ zdk;wm a&epfNyD; q,f&ufajrmufwJh aeYrSm olwdkYtdrfudkjrpfqdyfu avSorm;awG vdkufvmMuyg w,f/ tavmif;wpfavmif; ay:vmwm[kwf?r[kwfvdkuf MunfhzdkYvmac:wmygwJh/ tJ'geJY t&yfxJuvlawGa&m tdrfu vlawGa&mtajy;tvTm;vdkuf oGm;wJhtcga&xJrSmarSmufcHk BuD;jzpfaewJh tavmif;wpf avmif;udkawGUvdkuf&ygw,f/ abmif;bD teDa&miftpif; Mum;av;0wfxm;wmudkawGU vnf;awGUvdkufa&m oleJYaphpyf xm;wJh aumifrav;a&m? tm;vHk;rl;arhrwwfidkvdkufMu wm oem;p&m/ jzpfyHkuawmh ol'dkifAifxdk;qif;csdefrSmolYvuf u&yfxm;wJhoabFm&JUyefum 'vufxJ0ifNyD;n§yfoGm;yHk&yg w,f/vufu uGufwdvdkn§yf aewm&,f?a&xJrSmjzpfaewm &,faMumifh½kef;vdkYr&bJ a&rGef; NyD;aowm jzpfyHk&ygw,f/ oabFmxGufNyDqdkrSuefxkwf vdkufovdkjzpfNyD;xGufvmyg w,f/olYvufarmif;wpfzuf uawmh usdK;NyD; wGJavmif;BuD; usaeygw,f/ tavmif;u vnf;ykyfyG? tifrwefpdwfqif; &Jp&maumif;vSygw,f/ 'gu awmha&BuD;csdefrSm udk,fruRrf; usifwJhae&mrSma&ul;rdwm aMumifh&vmwJhtusdK;quf ygyJ/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u a&jrif&iful;csifwwfMuyg w,f/ b,favmufyJuRrf; uRrf;ae&ma'oruRrf;usifbl; qdk&if rul;oifhwmtrSefygyJ/ aemufa&ul;uefrSm ul;aeus vlu jrpfacsmif;tif;tdkif awGrSmul;&if 'ku©a&mufwm rsm;ygw,f/ a&ul;uefawG&JU Murf;jyifu nDnmaeygw,f/ jrpfawGacsmif;awGuefawG&JU atmufurf;jyifu rnDnm wwfygbl;/ tJvdk ae&mrsdK; rSma&qif;ukl;wJhtcg atmuf ajrrsufESmjyifrnDnmvdkY [ef csufysufNyD; a&epfwwfyg w,f/ 'Dvdka&BuD;csdefrSmtaysmf a&qif;ul;&if;u aowJhvl taysmfavSpD;&if;avSarSmufvdkY uG,fvGefolawGvnf;trsm;BuD;yg/ a&jrifwkdif; qif;rul;wm uawmhtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/ 'Dvdk a&BuD;csdefrSm tNrJMum;wwf &wmuawmh a&ul;NydKif&if; a&epfwmwdkY? t&G,fra&muf ao;wJhuav;awG a&xJarsm ygoGm;wmwdkY? vlBuD;tvpfrSm a&qif;aqmhwmuae a&epf aooGm;wmqdkwJhowif;qdk; awGygyJ/'gav;awGowd xm; qifjcifvdkY BudKwifumuG,f vdkY&Ekdifwmav;awGqdkjyef&if vnf;rrSm;ygbl;/ aemuf 'Dvdka&wufcsdef rSm BuHK&wwfjyefwmu t aumif&SnfvdkYt&yfuac:Mu wJh a>rtEÅ&m,fygyJ/ vlawmif aep&mr&Sdawmh jzpfovdkae? tdrfarG; wd&pämefawGawmif jzpfovdkxm;&wJhtcsdefrsddK;rSm 'Dvdktaumif&SnfawGuvnf; aecsifovdkaeygyJ/ aep&mr&Sd &SmwJhtaumif&Snfuvnf; qeftdk;xJ? t0wfyHkxJ? apmif yHkxJ? tdyf,mxJ? tdrfuacsmif ususae&mqdkovdkae&mtESHY rSm 0ifacGaewwfygw,f/ uH raumif;taMumif;rvSwJholrsm; uawmh taumif&SnfeJYwnfh wnfhwdk;awmh tudkufcH&yg w,f/ taumif&SnfawGu a&0ifaewJhae&mrSm&SdwJhopfyif awGay:rSm opfacgif;awGxJ rSmvnf; todkufvkyfNyD;ae avh&Sdygw,f/ wpfcguqdkygpdkY/ 'Dvdka& BuD;aewJhtcsdefrSm uRefawmf wdkYoli,fcsif;wpfodkuf iSuf taysmfpD;Muygw,f/ uRefawmf wdkYavSpD;wJhae&mu awmif oreftif;bufrSmyg/tJ'DESpf u a&tawmfBuD;awmh r,f Z,fyifBuD;awGawmif tay: udkif;zsm;av;awGomusefatmif a&jrKyfaeygw,f/ uRefawmf wdkYiSufpD;aewJhtcg orÁmef q&mu avStv,facgifrSm aezdkY rvIyfzdkYrSmygw,f/ aemuf opfyifawGem; jzwfoGm;&if vSrf;rudkifzdkYowday;ygw,f/ iSufuav;u tif;a&jyifrSm vSnfhywfvdkYoGm;aeygw,f/ opfyifawGa&jrKyfaewm opf yifxdyftzsm;avmufom a& xJay:aeygw,f/ opfyifawG tMum; auGUywfoGm;ae&if; u wpfa,mufu opfyif ukdif;udkvSrf;qGJvdkufwJhtcsdef jAKef;ueJ toHBuD;Mum;vdkuf &vdkY a&xJvSrf;MunfhvdkufwJh tcg a>rwpfaumifa&ul;ae wmudkjrifvdkufygw,f/ wpf a,mufu [dkrS[dkrSmqdkNyD; t vefYwMum;atmfvdkY 0dkif;Munfh vdkufwJhtcg opfyifxdyfzsm; ydkif;av;rSm wpfaumifeJYwpf aumifvdrf,SufzGJUvdkYtaxG; vdkufBuD;jzpfaewJh a>rodkuf BuD;udkawGuvdkufawmh Muuf oD;arG;n§if;xvdkY iSuform; udk 'Dem;ujrefjrefcGmckdif;&yg w,f/ 'gaMumifhvnf; jrpfa& BuD;csdef jrpfxJrSm xif;q,fwJh olawG a>rudkufcH&Muw,f qdkwm rqef;bl;vdkYajymEkdif yg w,f/ a&wufcsdefrSmawmh ae&maysmufoGm;wJhtaumif &SnfawGu eD;pyf&mopfwHk; awGay:rSm wG,fuyfaeMu& wmudk;/ olwdkYae&mudk vl a&mufvmawmh wG,fxnfh vdkufa&m/ ESpfpOfa&wufcsdef rSm taumif&SnfaMumifh t oufqHk;½IH;cJholuawmh enf; r,frxifygbl;/ 'Dtjzpfqdk; awGu vGwfajrmufatmif b,fvdkukdifwG,f&r,fqdkwm awmh pOf;pm;xm;oifhygw,f/ uRefawmfi,fi,fu NrdKU i,fNrdKUav;rSm aezl;ygw,f/ 'k|0wDqdkwJhjrpfi,fjrpfu a& BuD;csdefrSm tifrwefa&pD;Murf; NyD; aMumufp&maumif;vSyg w,f/ awmifusa&qdkawmh vnf; a&ueDeD? jrpfuodyf rus,fbJ cyfusOf;usOf;/ a& pD;uMurf;Murf;/ wpfvrf;vHk; awGUorQudk wa0ga0gtoHay; vdkY wdkufpm;oGm;wwfygw,f/ jrpfa&uscsdefqdk&ifawmifbuf jcrf;ujrpfurf;yg;uajrawG tdrfawG w0kef;0kef;eJYjyKwfus wmudkjrifae&&ygw,f/ i,f i,f wkef;uawmh awG;rdwm u 'DvdktNrJwrf;ajymif; a&TUae &wJhae&mrsdK;rSmrsm; bmvdkY wG,fuyfNyD;aeMuovJaygh/ 'Dvdk wpfESpfwpfcg 'ku©cH ae&wJhae&mav;udk rpGefYvTwf MuovJvdkY awG;rdjyefygw,f/ tck touft&G,fa&mufrS odvmwmuawmh vlqdkwm udk,fhZmwd? udk,fharG;&yfajrudk tvG,feJYrcGJcsifbl;qdkwmygyJ/ ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; jrpfa&wufwJh tcsdefrSm pdk;&drfa&rSwfem;eD;wm eJY ab;uif;&ma&TUMuzdkY tNrJ EdI;aqmfygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; acgif;rmolrsm;u &ygao; w,fqdkwJhtawG;eJY ayuyfae wwfMujyefygw,f/ jrpfa& wufw,fqdkwm trsm;tm; jzifh wtdtdwufawmh a&Smif zdkYwdrf;zdkYtcsdef&w,fvdkYwGuf wwfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfcgw&H n tcsdefrawmf½kwfw&uf0ifvm wJhtcgrsdK;rSmawmh bmrSrwwf EkdifbJ vnfpif;cHvdkuf&ygw,f/ 'DvdktjzpfrsdK; BuHK&w,fqdk&if awmh &ifemp&maumif;w,f vdkYxifrdygw,f/ udk,fhrSmjyif qifcGifh&SdygvsufeJY rjyifqifrd vdkYcHvdkuf&wmudkyg/ ]]0gqdk0gacgifa&awGBuD; vdkY oajyoD;rSnfhaumufpdkY uG,f}}vkdY uRefawmfwdkYi,f i,fuqdkcJhMuwJhuAsmav;vdk ygyJ/ 0gqdk0gacgifa&mufvm&if a&uvnf;BuD;pNrJ? tNrJwrf; a&jrKyfwJh a'ouvlawGu vnf; vGwf&mukef;ay:rSm ,m,DwJxkd;vdkYaepNrJ/ a&BuD; csdefrSm taumifyavmifawG tEÅ&m,faMumifh toufqHk;½IH; MupNrJ/ 'Dvdk&ifemp&maumif; wJhtjzpftysufawGu a&S;u wnf;uae tckxdBuHK&pNrJ/ 'Dtajctaeqkd;BuD;u vGwf ajrmufatmif b,fvdkvkyf&if aumif;rvJvdkY pOf;pm;rd&if uRefawmfhOD;aESmufawG quf tvkyfrvkyfbJ ][ef;}oGm; pNrJ .../ udkayguf(rEÅav;)

ukdayguf(rEÅav;)

0gqdk0gacgif

a&uBuD;oeJh

(11)

11

11

trSm;&Sd&if

rD;eDjyay;yg

reufjzefwkdif;[m twdwfrjzpfbl;qdk&if vGJoGm;wJh ajc&mawG jyefwnfhzdkY toifh/ 'grSr[kwf aumufaMumif;awGxJu &ufpufpGmowfcJhrdwJh pum;vHk;tcsdKUeJY ZmwfaumifawGudk cGifhyefOD;ñGwfzdkYtoifh/ tckawmh vlyHkv,f jyZmwfu&ovdk cPav;yg(y&dowfBuD;) rSm;oGm;vdkY jyefjyifur,f 'Dvdkqdk cJawGyJjyKwfaomuf&r,f/ trSm;awGygwJh ausmydk;tdwfeJY reufjzefwkdif;udk aMumuf&GHUvmw,f/ aMomf ... ykxkZOfqdkawmh

ykaewJh xkxnfawGudk rjrif&vdkY pdwfxJrSm ajzodyf&if; .../ rdIif;vlatmif

wifpdef

yJqD ppf^rppf

b,fvkd,HkMunf

&rSmvJ

qefa&pyg;aygrsm;wJhEkdifiH? qDxGufoD;ESHaygrsm;wJhEkdifiH? o,H Zmwaygrsm;wJhEkdifiHvdkYac:qdk&wJh uRefawmfwdkYEkdifiHrSm a&m*gqef; awGu rMum;zl;wmawGMum;vm&ygw,f/ obm0ywf0ef;usif ysuf,Gif;vmrIeJY tpm;taomufrrSefuefwmawGu vlawG&JU oufwrf;udkydkrdkavsmhapwJhtcsufygyJ/

vwfwavmtaeeJY uRefawmfwdkYEkdifiHrSm e,fpyftoD;oD;u 0ifa&mufvmwJh pm;aomufukefawGudkrS pdwfrcs&wJhMum;xJ jynfwGif;uae rdrdcsrf;omzdkY rdrdtqifajyzdkYwpfckxJMunfhNyD; twåavmbawGwufum xifwkdif;BuJaeMuwmawGaMumifh vlwkdif;&JU usef;rma&;u@[m ,dk,Gif;vmMu&wmjzpfygw,f/ rpnfum;tyfwJhae&mawGqdkwm aq;½Hk? w&m;½Hk;? okómef vdkYqdkxm;wJhpmtkyfawGudk i,fpOfuzwfzl;ygw,f/ tckawmh tJ'Drpnfum;tyfwJhae&mawGu yGJawmfBuD;vdk pnfum;ae&JU/ tJ'DtxJuaq;½HkawGrSm bmrSef;rodwJha&m*gawGvnf;aygrSayg/ tonf;tqDzHk;wJh a0'emeJY vma&mufukoaeMu&wmawG vnf;renf;yg/

]qDudkavQmhpm;yg}vdkY owday;oHawGMum;ae&ayr,fh jrefrm vlrsdK;awG t"dupm;wJhtpm;tpmawGrSm qDurygrjzpf/ a&S; jrefrmawGu ]qDudka&csdK;? aq;½dk;rD;vIH} qdkNyD; csrf;omrIjy,k*f udk oDcsif;xJrSmxnfhNyD;oDqdkxm;wmawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/

]qD}pm;rsm;vdkY a&m*g&çpwrf;qdk&rvm;/ a&S;a&S;u jrefrm vlrsdK;awGu tpm;tpmudkyJpm;pm; qD&TJ&TJeJYrS pDpOfNyD;pm;yGJjyifMu wm/ tckawmh tJ'Dvdkqdudkrpm;EkdifMuawmhay/ qDaps;uvnf; Mo*kwfvukefrSmyJ wpfydóm 4000usyfuae 5000usyftxd aps;wufoGm;w,f/ 'DESpfw½kwfjynfbufu ajryJxdyfpawG tm;vHk;udkodrf;0,fw,fqdkwmaMumifhvdkYqdkygw,f/

'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYqDudk w½kwfjynfbufu? ,dk;',m; bufu pm;qDawGtrsdK;rsdK;0ifa&mufvmygw,f/ tJ'Dpm;qDawG ua&m usef;rma&;eJYnDñGwfrI&Sd? r&Sd,HkMunfMu&yghrvm;vdkY awG; p&myg/ a&S;wkef;u qDpm;wmbmrSrjzpfEkdifayr,fh 'Dbufumv rSm qDu qDppf^rppf bmudk,HkMunf&rvJrodawmh/

]]yJqDppfppf}}qdkwmawGua&m ppfygovm;/ ppfrSefygw,f vdkY aMumfjimayr,fh b,folu tmrcHay;ygovJ/ ppfygw,f qdkwJh yJqDwpfykvif;udk "mwkppfaq;cHEkdifyghrvm;/ tJ'Dvdk ppfaq;rItwGuf b,foluwm0ef,lMurSmvJ/ wu,fawmh

bmudkrSpdwfrcsEkdifwJhumvyg/ ajryJqefwpfwif;udk qDBudwfcGJ Munfhyg/ xGufvmr,fhajryJqDeJYa&mif;wJhaps;u b,fvdkrSudkuf nDrIr&Sdygbl;/ tJ'Dvdk udkufnDrIr&Sdawmh ,dk;',m;bufuvm wJh pm;qDtMunfawGudka&mMuw,f/ tm;vHk;u ta&macwf r[kwfvm;/ a&mwJholuvnf; udkufatmifxyfa&mawmh NyD; ygava&m/ xkwfvkyfolawGu rlvuwnf;ua&mxm;NyD;om; udk xyfa&mavawmh a&mNyD;a&maygh/ NyD;awmh pm;qDrSSm teHY u rygawmh tqifajywmaygh/ "mwkaA'teHYawGuvnf; vdkcsifwJhteHYawG&aeawmh ]]bmvdkao;vJuG,f}}vdkYajym&rvdkyg/ qDu aeYpOfrdom;pkrD;zdkacsmifrSm rygrjzpfta&;BuD;wJh tajccHvloHk;ukefypönf;wpfrsdK;yg/ reufrkd;vif;NyDqdkuwnf;u xrif;Murf;udk jyKwfrpm;yg/ xrif;aMumfpm;Muwmr[kwfygvm;/ qDroHk;ygvdkYqdkvdkYuawmh t&m&mudka&eJYjyKwfzdkYom&Sdygawmhw,f/ tJ'Dpm;aomufukeftajccHypönf;awG pdwfrcs&? r,HkMunf &wmawGudk b,fvdktajzxkwfrvJ/ vwfwavmu tifwm eufpmrsufESmawGrSm tdrfeD;csif;w½kwfjynfu t&nftaoG;edrfh pm;qDawG0ifa&mufvmw,fqdkwJh owif;awGu xdwfvefYp&m yg/ pm;aomufqkdifuvufuseft&nfawGxJu qDawGcyfxkwf? jyefvnfoefYpifNyD;jyefxkwfaewJhyHkawGeJY atmhESvHk;emp&mygyJ/ 'DvdkqDawGvnf; e,fpyfawGu w&m;r0ifenf;awGeJY jrefrm jynfudk0ifa&mufaewm[m jrefrmjynfoljynfom;awG&JUusef;rm a&;twGuf &ifav;p&myg/

a&S;,cifu ]qDudka&csdK;}qdkovdk oHk;Ekdifaomfjim; ,aeY acwf,aeYtcgrSmawmh ppfrSefrIqdkwJh ,HkMunfrItwGuf b,f 0,fb,fqDudk OD;wnf&rSef;rod&wJhumvrSm qDudkxdxda&muf a&mufavQmhpm;EkdifzdkYvdkvmygw,f/ tNrJwufaewwfwJh ukef aps;EIef;&JUpD;arsmrIxJ aps;csdKw,fqdkwJh ]qD}awGu ,HkMunfrI r&Sdovdk aps;BuD;ay;0,fae&wJh ]qD}awGua&m b,ftxd tmrcHrIay;aeygovJ/ rppfbl;qdkwmeJY vkyfief;&Sif&JUwpfb0vHk; csrf;omorQudk ppfaq;ay;oludkay;r,fqdk&if vlwkdif;rpm;cif ppfaq;rIvkyfzdkY 0efrav;yg[kaMunm&rvm;/ b,fvdkjzpfjzpf ]oaAÁowåmur®oum}qdkwJh avmuBuD;rSm bk&m;a[mxm;wJh ]tyÜrm'}w&m;vufudkifxm;NyD; owdeJY,SOf todeJY,SOfNyD;a&G; cs,fpm;oHk;MuygpdkYvm;/

wifpdef

te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS rdwfa[mif;rdwfopfrsm;vG,fulacsmarGU pGm0,f,ltm;ay;Ekdif&eftwGufrEÅav;wkdif;a'oBuD;wGif]rmvmNrdKif} ukrÜPD\ ½Hk;cGJzGifhvSpfjcif;tcrf;tem;udkpufwifbm1&ufaeY? eHeuf (8)em&DrSrGef;wnfh(12)em&Dtxd?77-78vrf;Mum;ESifh 31-32 vrf;Mum;rEÅav;NrdKUwGifusif;yjyKvkyfcJhaMumif;od&onf/ rmvmNrdKifukrÜPDrStdrfwGif;ydk;rTm;&efumuG,f&eftwGuf pdwfcs,HkMunf&rnfhydk;owfaq;?aphpyfaocsmaomenf;pepf?vdktyf csufjynfhrDaom0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifhjynfhpHkatmifpDpOfaqmif&Guf ay;vsuf&SdaMumif;?ajratmufjcvrf;aMumrsm;udk&SmazGNyD; owf rSwfae&mrsm;tm;usif;taygufazmufíaq;xkd;jcif;? aqmufvkyf qJtaqmuftOD;twGif;ESpf&SnftmrcH jcumuG,f aq;zsef;jcif;? jcwdkYudktpmESifhrQm;NyD;todkuftNrHKwpfckvHk;tm;okwfoifjcif;rsm; aqmif&Gufay;rnfhtjyifpdkufysdK;enf;pmtkyftrsdK;rsdK;? tqifhjrifh rsdK;aph? ysdK;cGuf? ysdK;Aef;trsdK;rsdK;? pHcsdefrD aq;zsef;ud&d,mtrsdK;rsdK;? O,mOfNcHKoHk;ud&d,mtrsdK;rsdK;wdkYtm;vma&mufavhvmEkdifygaMumif; rmvmNrdKifukrÜPDrSa':vJhvJhOD;uajymonf/

]rmvmNrdKif}ukrÜPD

(12)

12

6

12

awmifjyKef;yGJawmfBuD;NyD;avNyD

tmqD,H½kyfao;yGJawmfwGif

puFmylwGifusif;yrnfU

axG;OD;jrefrm tzGJY ESifUtwl

xyfqifUtu,f'rD pdefrGwåm;tzGJY

½kyfao;aemufcHqkdif;wD;um

yHUykd;yg0ifazsmfajzrnf

Ekd0ifbmv2&ufaeYrS10&ufaeYtxdpuFmylEkdifiHqefwkdqm uRef;wGifusif;yjyKvkyfrnfhtmqD,H½kyfao;yGJawmfwGif&ef ukefNrdKUrS ]axG;OD;jrefrm}½kyfao;tzGJUESifhtwlxyfqifhtu,f'rD pdefrGwåm; ESifhtzGJUu½kyfao;aemufcHwD;vHk;yHhydk;wD;cwfazsmfajzoGm;rnfjzpf aMumif;od&onf/

]uRefawmf 'DyGJrSm 45rdepfpmazsmfajzzdkYpDpOfxm;ygw,f/ 'DyGJudkvma&mufazsmfajzzdkY jrefrmEkdifiH½kyfao;tzGJUawGtm;vHk;udk jrefrmvdkeJYt*Fvdyfvdka&;xm;wJhpmeJYzdwfMum;wmyg/ uRefawmf wdkYuawmhvma&mufazsmfajzzdkY taMumif;jyefvkdufwmyg/ tmqD,HEkdifiHtaeeJY 'DyGJu 5Budrfajrmufyg/ UAE EkdifiH? 'lbdkif;rSm

2Budrf?qDG'if?,dk;',m;eJY uarÇm'D;,m;EkdifiHawGrSmwpfBudrfpD azsmfajzcJhygw,f/ jyifopf? *smreD? Mopaw; vsEkdifiHawGuvnf; zdwfac:wmaMumifhOa&myc&D;pOftaeeJYazsmfajzcJhygw,f/ Oa&my yGJawGrSmawmh udk,futwD;ydkif;udk pD'DeJYyJazsmfajzcJh&wmrdkY tckyGJrSm pD'DrzGifhbJ wu,fwD;cwfazsmfajzrIeJY wifqufcsifwmaMumifh &Gmpm;pdefrGwåm;udktultnDawmif;&wmyg/ uRefawmfu 'D avmu xJur[kwfayr,fh½kyfao;eJYywfoufNyD;ynm&Sifr[kwf ayr,fhtckumvtwGif;rSmA[kokwtawmfrsm;rsm;jynfh0cJhyg w,f/ ]axG;OD;jrefrm udk 2006ckESpfrSmpwifwnfaxmifNyD; jrefrmjynftESHYrSmavhvmcJhygw,f}[k axG;OD;jrefrmrS 'g½dkufwm

OD;cifarmifaxG;uajymonf/ rkd;yGef

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

rif;ESpfyg;yGJawmf[k trsm;od&Sdxm;aom rEÅav;wkdif;a'o BuD;? rwå&mNrdKUe,f? awmifjyKef;BuD;aus;&Gm&Sd qkawmif;jynfh apwDawmf\ Ak'¨ylZed,yGJawmftm; 0gacgifvqef; 10&ufaeY rSpwifum 0gacgifvjynfhausmftxd usif;ycJhMuonf/ Ak'¨ylZed ,yGJawmfxufta&mufvmaomy&dowfrsm;u a&TzsOf;nDaemif yGJ[kac:wGifaomudk,fawmfESpfyg;\yGJawmf[k&nfñTef;vmMu jcif;jzpfonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwpf0Srf;rS ewfudk;uG,f,HkMunfMuolrsm;ESifh rvHk; rjym; ewfq&mtrsm;pk rjzpfraevmwwfMuaom yGJawmfjzpf onf/xdkYaMumifhvnf;þtcsdeftcgor,wGifrEÅav;NrdKUwGif;ü rdefrçr[kwfa,musfm;r[kwfrsm;vrf;ray:wGifrsm;pGmawGUEkdifonf/ ,cifu awmifjyKef;yGJawmfudk EGm;vSnf;udk 0g;ESD;zsmtrdk;ESifh vSnf;wef;&SnfESifh wm½dk;abmifu oGm;Muonfh"avhrSmaysmuf uG,fcJhavNyD/ ,cifu awmifjyKef;yGJudk xdkuJhodkYEGm;vSnf;ESifh oGm;onfudk ydkíaysmfMuonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU awmifbufteD;em; &Gmrsm;uvnf; vSnf;rsm;ESifhoGm;Muonfudk vGefcJhaomESpf aygif; 20 ausmfumvu jrifMu&aomfjim; ,cktcg vSnf;ESifhoGm;Mu olr&SdMuawmhay/ csdK;a&awmfoHk;onfh 0gacgifvqef; (11)&uf qdkvQif rEÅav;-rkd;ukwfum;vrf;rSoGm;onfudkyif vrf;ydwf aeí tcsdefESifhvifhumrS eef;BuD;awmfa&SUa&mufMu&olrsm;onf/ ,ckESpfawmifjyKef;yGJawmfBuD;rpwifrDuwnf;uqkdifcef;c awG&JUEIef;xm;cwpfrsdK;? *sme,fawGay:rSma&;jywJh*,ufawG

aMumifh ,ckESpfawmifjyKef;yGJawmfBuD; rpnfum;awmhbl;[kxif &iftrSwfrSm;p&maygh/ jrefrmEkdifiHte,fe,ft&yf&yfurajyvnfrI awGayghavQmhapzdkY,HkMunfudk;uG,folawGu ESpfpOfrysufqdkovdk ta&mufvmMuwmaMumifhpnf;um;NrJyJvdkYqdkyga&apvm;/

0gacgifvqef; 8 &ufaeYuwnf;u rEÅav;NrdKUvrf;ray: rSm]awmifjyKef; awmifjyKef;}vdkY AsdKU[pfNyD; c&D;onfwifMuonfh um;awGuvnf;renf;/ xdkYtwlatmufjynfatmuf&Gmu ]jrefrmjynftESHYbk&m;zl;,mOf}awGvnf; vrf;ray:rSmO'[dk ajy; vTm;vsuf&Sdaewmvnf; 0gacgifvqef;10&ufaeY rwkdifrD uwnf;uae vjynfhausmfaeYrsm;txdygyJ/

0gacgifvqef;(10)&ufaeYu rif;ESpf;yg;udk a0g,mOfESifhyifh aqmifum aAmif;cH½HkrSm csdK;a&awmfoHk;onfhaeYyif/ ,cifu udk,fawmfESpfyg;udk {&m0wDjrpftxd yifhaqmifumcsdK;a&awmf oHk;cJhMuaomfjim;,cktcgrSmawmh eef;BuD;aqmifa&SUrSm aAmif;cH ½Hkwnfaqmufxm;NyD;csdK;a&awmfoHk;usif;yonf/onfuJhodkYaeY ujzifheef;BuD;aqmifywfvnfrSmjzifhy&dowfrsm;wkd;raygufatmif &Sdonf/0gacgifvqef; 10&ufu yGJOD;uefawmhcH? 0gacgifvqef; 11&ufu csdK;a&awmfoHk;? vqef; 12&ufuae 15&uf txd 'kd;xkd;yGJ?,kefxkd;yGJeJY xdefckwfyGJrsm;udkusif;yum 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 1&ufaeYrSmjzifha&TcHkqif;r*Fvmusif;yaMumif;od&onf/ rnfodkY yifqdkapumrl awmifjyKef;yGJ[kac:aoma&TzsOf; nDaemifyGJawmfu pnfum;vsufyif/ awmifjyKef;yGJNyD;awmh tr&yl&u ]&wemh*l yGJawmf}ukd qufMuawmhrSmaygh/

aemifcsdKt0ifü

'Dwdkaewmrsm;zrf;qD;&rd

27.8.2012 &ufaeY 19;30 csdefwGif aemifcsdKNrdKUt0if rEÅav;-vm;½dI; jynfaxmifpkvrf;rrSwfwdkiftrSwf(80^4)ü vm;½dI;rl;,pf(txl;)tzGJUrS&Jtkyfwifat;OD;pD;yl;aygif;ppfaq; a&;tzGJUonf vm;½dI;rS rEÅav;odkY ,mOfarmif;xGef;atmif (32)ESpf(b)OD;tdkufvif;?NrdKUv,f&yf?oDaygNrdKUaeol armif;ESif vmonfh Super Custom,mOftrSwf8ps^2875tm;ppfaq;

&SmazG&m,mOfay:rS qmvmtdwf(5)tdwfjzifh xnfhvsuf 'Dwdkaewm (33800)acsmif;tm; odrf;qnf;&rdcJhojzifh xGef;atmiftm;aemifcsdK&Jpcef;rS (y)69^2012? aygufuGJ Oya' yk'fr5jzifhtrIzGifh ta&;,lppfaq;vsuf&SdaMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/ Mu,fpif(vm;½dI;)

References

Related documents

The interconnection Agreement by and between BellSouth Telecommunications, LLC d/b/a AT&amp;T ALABAMA, AT&amp;T FLORIDA, AT&amp;T GEORGIA, AT&amp;T KENTUCKY, AT&amp;T

NOW IS THE TIME FOR HEROES! MUTANTS & MASTERMINDS A G R E E N RONIN PRODUCTION Design & Development Steve Kenson Cover Art Ramón Pérez Editing Jon Leitheusser Executive Producer

ó9ê¶Ø/ô9Õ~Ú;çuցè9ÚÕAÙ%Ú;ïˆ×¼ê£ð~Ù%Øu鼨7ÕÇÖwêŸÚ åaååaååaååaåHååaåHååHåaååaååaååaåaå õ ä/å¬ò9å~ä

[r]

[r]

[r]

Ö %HÑ Ø ÓUÓ1ÜåÖlðÒç1ÖÝ1ÝLÜ éçoæ ç!ÑÓ1Ô Ó1éÐÖRÓ1ܹԂälÑ ç!ÐÜsî·éçfÑ ØóÑ

[r]