PPSC FPSC Tests Complete Book

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(1)Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. PREFACE This Data is collected & Compiled from Internet and other sources By. Ch. Yasir Shahzad( Gujrat). Book For FPSC It will helpful for preparation of all PPSC, FPSC, NTS, PMS & CSS Tests. Best Of Luck You Can Not Help Every one But Every One Can Help Someone 'FPSC Custom Inspectors BS16 & Preventive Officer BS16 Prepartion group. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 1.

(2) w. w w. .e. m. pl. oy e. es c. or ne r.i. nf o. Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 2.

(3) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Federal Public Service Commission has published the Syllabus for the 227 posts of Appraising/Valuation Officer (BS-16) and Inspector Federal Board of Revenue Division. Note: There are 5 Parts every Part contains Equal Marks No Negative Marking. Part 1. nf o. English ( 20 Marks). or ne r.i. Part 2 2.1 Basic-Arithmetic ( 20 Marks). 2.2 Current Affairs including World and Pakistan ( 20 Marks). es c. 2.3 Pak Affairs and Islamyat (10 +10 each total 20). w. w w. .e. m. pl. oy e. 2.4 Genreal Knowledge ( 20 Marks ). Part 1 English. Subject of English has a great importance in all types of examination like Css,Pcs or other general exams. A candidate should try to prepare this subject carefully. Mostly jobs tests contains English question type as following  Synonyms,  Antonyms. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 3.

(4) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad.        . Analogies Preposition, Phrasal verbs, Word meanings, Grammar Questions, Tense Questions, Direct Indirect, Active Voice,  Passive Voice, Questions on a give Passage, Synonyms And Antonyms. nf o. What are Synonyms?. or ne r.i. When two pair of words mean exactly same in their meaning or nearly same or similar are termed as Synonyms. Thereby a single word can carry many synonyms. For example; Simple, Smooth, Easy are Synonyms of each other. The formations of synonyms changes as per the changing form, let it be either verb, adjective, adverb, preposition etc. On can understand better with the help of examples.. Adjective: Beautiful and Charming. pl. Preposition: On and Upon. oy e. Adverb: Easily and Comfortably. es c. Verb: Walk and Stroll. .e. m. Given below are a few handful tips which shall be helpful to you to solve synonyms.. w w. Tips & Tricks to solve Synonyms correctly in exam:. w. 1. If one does not know the exact meaning of the word, try understanding it in the context of the paragraph. 2. In case the meaning of the word is not clear, going through all the available options can certainly be considered as a good idea. By doing so, one can start getting idea about the given question & start negating the available options one after the other. 3. Sometimes it so happens that a particular word sounds more like a tongue twister, so try & break it into meaningful parts. Chances are there that the full word might start making more sense in this way. 4. One of the effective ways of knowing & scoring well in this section is to keep a regular tab & enough involvement of reading synonyms & making one‘s own list. Revising the list regularly helps one in remembering the synonyms more often.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 4.

(5) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. 5. While replacing a particular word in sentence, using its synonym, please see to it that the context does not change nor the whole meaning of the sentence. Example: What is the synonym of Philanthropy? a) injury b) misappropriate c) charity d) endaemonism. nf o. e) cling. or ne r.i. The correct answer is option c) charity.. Moving on to Antonyms. Let us understand what do we mean by saying Antonyms. What are Antonyms?. es c. Antonyms are the words, which mean opposite to the given word. Example: Antonym of Benevolent is Malevolent or Unkind.. oy e. Given below are a few types of antonyms for better understanding of the students. Types of Antonyms:. m. pl. 1. Gradable Antonyms: Both the words lie in a continuous spectrum. eg: hard and soft.. w w. .e. 2. Complementary Antonyms: Over here, both the words do not lie in a continuous spectrum. eg: push and pull. w. 3. Relational Antonyms: Few kinds of antonyms are the ones, who make sense only when they are read together. eg: teacher and pupil In context of the examination, antonyms are being asked directly & at times based on the paragraph. Tips & Tricks to solve antonyms shall remain same as that of synonyms. Let us take a look at the following passage for better understanding: The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have set out their wares at day break & communal festivities have been celebrated, people have been in rough agreement with their neighbours as to the time of day. The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services, information, would proceed in fits & starts the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 5.

(6) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Question: In the above passage find out the antonym for the word stated in bold. a) lawless b) untidy c) jumbled d) calm The answer to the above question is d) calm.. or ne r.i. nf o. Thus a regular study & revisions of both synonyms & antonyms can give an answer to your long lasting question on how to crack synonyms & antonyms questions in exams. Keep in mind the above tips & techniques for better performance. Send us your feedback for the same. Good Luck. es c. Some Other Techniques for Solving Synonyms and Antonyms Questions. .e. m. pl. oy e. This part of the aptitude carries 8 marks in HCL and Infosys its like half of the verbal is synonyms and antonyms. So a little concentration should be provided to this area. Most of the words used are GRE high frequency words and if not they are going to new words. For early preparation lets say you have couple of months before Infosys or HCL its better you read the editorial column in the news papers and follow the below stated steps. i. Experiment with synonyms After you see the meaning of a word, look up its usage in the sentence that is usually present in the dictionary. Note down this sentence. Prepare a new sentence after understanding the meaning of the word.. w. w w. ii. Prepare sentences with antonyms So the next step is to find the antonym of the word, this further helps you to store the word well in your mind. Now try to form a sentence or couple of sentences with the antonyms. iii. Compare synonyms and antonyms Use both the synonym (a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word) and the antonym to construct sentences using the same context or situation. This procedure enables you to see a word from both sides. If you can follow this strategy, it would definitely solve your problem of learning new words without forgetting their meaning. iv. Important: Use the same context You should always use the same background to write sentences using a new word, its synonyms and antonyms. If you use different circumstances, events or situations to get acquainted with the meaning and the usage of a word, there is a strong possibility that you may get confused. It is the context that will always remind you of how the word is used, and will ensure you don‘t forget the meaning easily. This part will work only if you have a sufficient time to work out. Most of us don’t follow these steps so we need a shortcut.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 6.

(7) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Shortcuts work, you can’t expect 100% result when your gonna use shortcuts and most of these tricks are tricky too… GRE Techniques can be used: Week before the placements go for the online test link and apply these techniques and see if they are working out for you… These tricks are enough for all companies, but Infosys it won’t work out. oy e. es c. or ne r.i. nf o. Trick 1 Try to put the word in a sentence or a phrase and guess its meaning Trick 2 When you have a word try to guess all its synonyms and from the answers see the exact word which has the same meaning, in the case of antonym the opposite meaning Trick 3 Read all the options, most of us think of time and come up with the answer which has close match to the word. But there is an actual word with the same meaning hidden there. Trick 4 First know the part of the speech the word is used in… For example the word run can be used as a verb but it could also be used as noun like ‗home run‘ so make sure you know the part of speech before answering. Trick 5 Some words are eye catchy, you immediately think its going to be the antonym/synonym, but most of the guesses are not gonna be right so go through the options once again unless your sure of the answer. Synonym. Synonym. narrow nature necessary negate negligent negotiate nice noble novice nuisance. confined aspect mandatory contradict careless bargain affable aristocratic beginner annoyance. restricted character requisite refute remiss deal benign distinguished nonprofessional offense. obedient objection obligatory observe obvious offend offer omen omit. faithful disapproval compulsory notice conspicuous anger bid premonition exclude. loyal protest required watch definite irritate proposal sign remove. w. w w. .e. Word. m. pl. Some Synonyms and Antonyms. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 7.

(8) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. advantageous. auspicious. pacify pain paramount partisan passive pause permeate perpetuate perplex persecute. appease ache chief biased inactive break diffuse endure astonish afflict. placate discomfort leading dogmatic lethargic cease disseminate preserve baffle harass. radiate radical range rank realize recalcitrant receptacle reconcile regret reliable. effuse basic anger arrange accomplish obstinate container atone deplore dependable. emanate fundamental furor classify fulfill stubborn repository conciliate grieve trustworthy. sanction scope section settle shallow shrewd significant slight spontaneous spread stabilize. approval aim division adjust superficial careful distinctive delicate impromptu announce balance. permit extent portion compromise trivial calculating important slender unplanned broadcast steady. tame tangle temper tendency term thrift tough transfer tumult turbulent. domesticate intertwine mood inclination cycle conservation aggressive convey agitation disordered. subdue twist nature trend duration prudence unyielding exchange commotion violent. vain valid variety verify. boastful authorized assortment authenticate. inflated legitimate diversify substantiate. w. w w. .e. m. pl. oy e. es c. or ne r.i. nf o. opportune. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 8.

(9) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Serial 1. Word. Antonyms. Combat. Synonyms. Harmony , Peace ,. War , Fighting , Battle , Encounter , Contest ,. Concord , Amity ,. Fight , Conflict. Cooperation , Surrender , Compromise 2. Brevity. Confused ,. Short , Laconic , Concise , Brief. nf o. Longevity , Loquacious ,. 3. Alarming. or ne r.i. Verbosity , Garrulity Hopeful , Comforting. Frightful , Dreadful , Terrible , Shocking , Ominous. , Auspicious ,. , Awful , Threatening , Scary. Optimistic Feeble. Strong , Forceful ,. Weak , Fragile , Impotent , Languid , Frail. oy e. 4. es c. Encouraging ,. Vigorous , Firm ,. Muscular , Powerful. Miserable. Happy , Jocund ,. Forlorn , Melancholy , Unhappy , Sad , Dismal ,. Cheerful , Glad ,. Pathetic , Wretched , Oppressive. Splendid. w. 6. w w. .e. 5. m. pl. , Robust. Joyous , Prosperous , Dignified , Blessed Dull , Ordinary ,. Resplendent , Marvellous , Radiant , Magnificent ,. Dark , Humble , Dim. Brilliant , Wonderful , Shining , Great , Excellent. , Dreadful , Cloudy , Terrible 7. Vague. Clear , Evident ,. Dim , Obscure , Nebulous , Indefinite , Doubtful ,. Defined , Obvious ,. Ambiguous , Unclear , Abstruse. Sharp , Certain , Distinct , Definite 8. Controversy. Agreement , Peace ,. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. Dispute , Strife , Argument , Discord , Contention ,. 9.

(10) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Serial. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Compromise ,. Conflict , Debate , Quarrel. Concord , Accord , Harmony 9. Elegant. Inexpensive , Ugly ,. Luxurious , Polished , Dignified , Fine , Graceful ,. Simple , Awkward ,. Refined , Exquisite , Polite. Usual , Rough , Vulgar , Rude ,. Horrible. Agreeable ,. Frightful , Horrid , Ghastly , Horrifying , Fearful ,. Attractive , Pleasant. Terrific , Ugly , Awful. or ne r.i. 10. , Fascinating , Delightful , Pleasing. Fame. Disrepute , Dishonour ,. es c. , charming 11. nf o. Coarle. Esteem , Repute , Credit , Prestige , Glory , Honour , Reputation , Renown. oy e. Notoriety , Obscurity , Oblivion. Ample , Plentiful ,. Deficient , Narrow , Slender , Limited , Meagre ,. Excessive ,. Sparse , Poor, Inadequate , Few , Small ,. pl. Scanty. m. 12. Abundant , Sufficient. Worthless. w. 13. w w. .e. ,. 14. Inclement. Excellent , Useful ,. Cheap , Futile , Base , Useless , Valueless ,. Good , Worthwhile ,. Contemptible. Valuable , Admirable Genial , Temperate ,. Rough , Severe , Stormy , Harsh , Unpleasant ,. Mild , Favourable ,. Unfavourable. Pleasant 15. Hazard. Certainty , Surety ,. Danger , Threat , Jeopardy , Peril , Venture , Risk. Protection , Security 16. Brutal. Tender , Merciful ,. Savage , Inhuman , Bestial , Merciless , Cruel ,. Compassionate ,. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 10.

(11) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Serial. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Humane ,. Barbarous. Sympathetic , Gentle , Kind 17. Audacious. Courteous , Humble. Intrepid , Adventurous , Daring , Bold ,. , Polite , Modest ,. Courageous , Insolent , Impudent. Fearful , Timid. 19. Abhor. Just , Moral , Good ,. Malevolent , Evil , Heinous , Criminal , Vicious ,. Virtuous , Upright ,. Corrupt , Immoral , Bad. Devotion , Fondness. Disdain , Hate , Abominate , Dislike , Scorn ,. , Passion , Love ,. Despise. nf o. Wicked. or ne r.i. 18. Attachment , Admiration ,. Filthy. Immaculate , Clean ,. Nasty , Foul , Unclean , Putrid , Dirty , Impure ,. Virtuous , Pure ,. Polluted , Corrup. oy e. 20. es c. Affection. Serial. pl. Decent , Spotless Word. Synonym. Abandon. Leave. Pursue. 2. Abash. Humble. Conceited. Abate. Decrease. Increase. 4. Aberration. Shorten. Lengthen. 5. Abduct. Kidnap. Deliver. 6. Aberration. Distortion. Truth. 7. Abhor. Dislike. Like. w. 3. w w. 1. .e. m. Number. Antonym. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 11.

(12) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Abject. Servile. Arrogant. 9. Abjure. Give Up. Accept. 10. Abridge. Summaries. Expand. 11. Abscond. Disappear. Present. 12. Accumulate. Gather. Scatter. 13. Acquaintance. Familiar. Ignorant. 14. Adversity. Misfortune. Good Fortune. 15. Allay. Relieve. Worsen. 16. Allure. Charm. 17. Ally. Friend. 18. Ample. Enough. 19. Annex. 20. Annihilate. es c. or ne r.i. 8. m. pl. oy e. Repel. Enemy. Limited Give Up Establish. w w. Destroy. 21. w. .e. Take Possession. Apparent. Clear. Unclear. 22. Ascend. Go Up. Come Down. 23. Assent. Agree. Disagree. 24. Auspicious. Fortunate. Unfortunate. 25. Awkward. Unskillful. Skilful. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. nf o. Serial. 12.

(13) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Bankrupt. Penniless. Prosperous. 27. Benevolence. Kindness. Cruelty. 28. Bewilder. Confuse. Enlighten. 29. Bliss. Joy. Sorrow. 30. Blunt. Insensitive. Sensitive. 31. Boost. Help. Hinder. 32. Brace. Support. Weaken. 33. Brevity. Brief. Enlarge. 34. Brusque. Curt. 35. Calamity. Disaster. 36. Casuality. Accident. 37. Celibate. 38. Clumsy. 39. es c. or ne r.i. 26. Prosperity. Awkward. Elegant. Clutch. Grasp. Release. 40. Coarse. Rough. Refined. 41. Coherence. Solidity. Break. 42. Combat. Battle. Peace. 43. Compassion. Sympathy. Cruel. .e. Married. w w. Intentional. w. m. pl. oy e. Courteous. Unmarried. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. nf o. Serial. 13.

(14) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Compress. Condense. Expand. 45. Concord. Accord. Discord. 46. Confine. Limit. Extend. 47. Conscientious. Principled. Disbelief. 48. Considerate. Thoughtful. Careless. 49. Contemptible. Detestable. Admirable. 50. Creed. Belief. Disbelief. 51. Cripple. Disable. Able. 52. Cynical. Distrustful. 53. Dainty. Delicate. 54. Deception. Fraud. 55. Decline. 56. Deed. es c. or ne r.i. 44. Coarse. .e. Honesty Enhance. w w. m. pl. oy e. Believing. Action. Passivity. 57. w. Decrease. Delicacy. Elegance. Crudeness. 58. Denote. Imply. Conceal. 59. Dependence. Reliance. Independence. 60. Despair. Dejection. Elation. 61. Despise. Hate. Admire. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 14. nf o. Serial.

(15) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Deviate. Stray. Abide. 63. Diligent. Laborious. Lazy. 64. Dissolve. Break Up. Join. 65. Diversity. Variety. Unify. 66. Dreadful. Frightening. Pleasing. 67. Ebb. Decline. Increase. 68. Enchant. Fascinate. Disgust. 69. Encroach. Intrude. Withdraw. 70. Endanger. Risk. 71. Envious. Jealous. 72. Evasion. Avoid. 73. Exert. 74. Extravagant. es c. or ne r.i. 62. Content Defend. Wasteful. Economical. Fanciful. Imaginary. Real. 76. Feeble. Weak. Strong. 77. Filthy. Dirty. Clean. 78. Foresight. Foreknowledge. Short sight. 79. Fundamental. Basic. Secondary. w. .e. Rest. w w. m. pl. oy e. Protect. Strain. 75. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. nf o. Serial. 15.

(16) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. 80. Gorgeous. Magnificent. Simple. 81. Grasp. Hold. Release. 82. Hazard. Danger. Surety. 83. Humid. 84. Humorous. Funny. Serious. 85. Hypocrisy. Pretend. Honesty. 86. Ignoble. Servile. Noble. 87. Imitate. Copy. Original. 88. Imminent. Impending. 89. Inclement. Unfavourable. 90. Induce. Persuade. 91. Insert. 92. Dry. es c. or ne r.i. Moist. Favourable. Integrity. Honesty. Dishonesty. 93. Intensify. Increase. Decrease. 94. Jest. Joke. Serious. 95. Kindle. Ignite. Put out. 96. Miscellaneous. Various. Identical. 97. Modest. Humble. Arrogant. .e. Remove. w w. Discourage. w. m. pl. oy e. Unlikely. Put In. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. nf o. Serial. 16.

(17) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Mourn. Grieve. Rejoice. 99. Nimble. Fast. Slow. 100. Notion. Belief. Truth. 101. Numerous. Various. few. 102. Obligatory. Necessary. Voluntary. 103. Oblivious. Unaware. Aware. 104. Obscure. Unclear. Plain. 105. Onerous. Difficult. Easy. 106. Ooze. Drip. 107. Ooze. Hopeful. 108. Outbreak. Tumult. 109. Pacify. 110. Partial. es c. or ne r.i. 98. Pessimist Order. Unfair. Fair. Peculiar. Odd. Usual. 112. Persist. Continue. Discontinue. 113. Predominant. Prominent. Subsidiary. 114. Predicament. Problem. Decision. 115. Prediction. Forecast. Conceal. w. .e. Irritate. w w. m. pl. oy e. Pour. Appease. 111. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 17. nf o. Serial.

(18) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Premature. Untimely. Timely. 117. Privilege. Favour. Inhibition. 118. Profess. Declare. Conceal. 119. Prohibit. Ban. Authorize. 120. Prolong. Lengthen. Shorten. 121. Queer. Strange. Ordinary. 122. Radical. Basic. Superficial. 123. Remorse. Regret. Exult. 124. Repentance. Regret. 125. Riddle. Puzzle. 126. Scatter. Disperse. 127. Scanty. 128. Scold. es c. or ne r.i. 116. m. pl. oy e. Satisfaction Solution Gather Abundant Praise. w w. LimitedRebuke. 129. w. .e. Limited. Slander. Defame. Praise. 130. Solemn. Pious. Impious. 131. Solitary. Lonely. Popular. 132. Spiteful. Malicious. Benign. 133. Stimulus. Incentive. Hindrance. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. nf o. Serial. 18.

(19) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Word. Antonyms. Synonyms. Sublime. Noble. Mean. 135. Systematic. Methodical. Casual. 136. Terse. Short. Lengthy. 137. Timid. Shy. Brave. 138. Transparent. Lucid. Obscure. 139. Treacherous. Unfaithful. Faithful. 140. Transient. Temporary. Permanent. 141. Tremble. Vibrate. Steady. 142. Tyranny. Oppression. 143. Unanimous. Unison. 144. Vehement. Earnest. 145. Versatile. 146. Wavering. es c. or ne r.i. 134. nf o. Serial. m. pl. oy e. Pity. Disagreement Mild Dull Steady. w w. Unsteady. 147. w. .e. Clever. Yoke. Link. Abandon. 148. Zeal. Dedication. Apathy. Analogy 1.a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparisonmay be based: the analogy between the heart and a pump. 2. similarity or comparability:. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 19.

(20) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. I see no analogy between your problem and mine. 3. Biology. an analogous relationship. 4. Linguistics. a. the process by which words or phrases are created or reformedaccording to existing patterns in the language, as when shoon wasreformed as shoes, when ize is added to nouns like winter to formverbs, or when a child says foots for feet. b. a form resulting from such a process.. nf o. 5. Logic. a form of reasoning in which one thing is inferred to be similar toanother thing in a certain respect, on the basis of the known similaritybetween the things in other respects.. or ne r.i. Solving Analogies. Solving analogies is a terrific way to sharpen your thinking skills and prepare for standardized tests.. oy e. es c. An analogy is a type of word problem that consists of two word pairs. To solve the analogy you must find a word that correctly completes the second pair. At first glance, the words in an analogy may seem to have nothing to do with each other, but the words are always logically related. The first pair of words has a relationship similar to the second pair of words. To solve the analogy, you need to figure out that relationship. Example:. GRACEFUL : CLUMSY :: HOT : _______. w. w w. .e. m. pl. 1. Read the analogy like this: Graceful is to clumsy as hot is to ‗blank.‘ 2. Then ask yourself: What's the relationship between graceful and clumsy? These words have opposite meanings – they are antonyms – so the second pair of words must also be antonyms. 3. Fill in the blank with a word that means the opposite of hot, and you‘ve solved the analogy. The best answer is COLD.. Common Analogy Types The word pairs in an analogy often have one of the following relationships: Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings, as in HOT : COLD. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 20.

(21) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Synonyms: Words that have the same or similar meanings, as inUNHAPPY : SAD. Descriptive: One word describes the other word, as in FAST : CHEETAH. or ne r.i. nf o. Part to whole: One word is a part or piece of the other, as in PIECE : PUZZLE. oy e. es c. Item to category: One word is an item in the category named by the other, as in BASEBALL : SPORTS BALLS. Some analogies will not fit into the categories above.. pl. Example:. m. PUPPY : DOG :: KITTEN : _______. w. w w. .e. 1. Read the analogy like this: Puppy is to dog as kitten is to „blank.‟ The first pair of words are not related in any of the ways listed above. 2. Try reading the analogy as a sentence that expresses the relationships between the words: A puppy is a young dog, as a kitten is a young....? 3. To solve this analogy, fill in the blank with a word that best completes this sentence. CATis the best answer.. Some other Three--Step Method ffor Sollviing Anallogiies Probllems The best way to solve analogies problems is to attack them using this universal method. Each of the following steps outlined in our Five-Step Method will work with any analogy you may encounter, regardless of the relationship shared between the word pair. Sttep 1:: Build a strong bridge sentence relating the words in the question pair. The bridge should be as short and. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 21.

(22) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. w. w w. .e. m. pl. oy e. es c. or ne r.i. nf o. clear as possible. Functtiion Briidge:: 1)) bag : buy 2)) baby : cry 3)) cloud : rain 4)) fork : eat 5)) car : stop In the question to the left, the question pair is SHOVEL : DIG. First, think about a necessary relationship shared between this pair: A shovell iis used tto diig.. Remember, no proper analogies question will put words in the question pair that do not share a diirectt and necessary relationship. For example, you will never see the words MAN :: STRONG used in the question pair, because they do not share a necessary relationship. A man may or may not be strong. Sttep 2:: Now, use this bridge with each answer choice, inserting them in place of the words in the question pair. 1)) A bag iis used tto buy.. Perhaps, but this is not necessarily true. You may use a shopping cart to buy something. Or, you may use money to buy something. So this doesn‘t work. 2)) A baby iis used tto cry.. This doesn‘t work; a baby isn‘t used to do anything. 3)) A clloud iis used tto raiin.. A cloud produces rain, but a cloud isn‘t used to rain. Again, a cloud isn‘t necessarily used to do anything. 4)) A ffork iis used tto eatt.. Here we have a strong relationship. A fork is definitely used to eat. This seems to be the correct answer, but let‘s try the last one just to make sure. 5)) A car iis used tto sttop.. One of the operations of a car is to stop. However, a car is not necessarily used to stop. A car is used to travel, or to transport. So, this doesn‘t work. Therefore, answer choice #4 must be the correct answer. Sttep 3:: If after completing steps 1 and 2 you still have not found an answer pair that works, then it may be necessary to adjust the bridge sentence. Let‘s look back at our original example: Functtiion Briidge:: 1)) bag : buy 2)) baby : cry 3)) cloud : rain 4)) fork : eat 5)) car : stop It may be that our original bridge was not strong enough. Imagine if our bridge was: A shovell may be used tto diig.. Now, it is possible to come up with two correct answers: 1)) A bag may be used tto buy.. 4)) A ffork may be used tto eatt.. Our original bridge wasn‘t strong enough. Therefore, we need to strengthen our bridge by making it more specific, and repeat steps 1 and 2.. Prepositions. Definition A preposition is a word that indicates location (in, near, beside) or some other relationship (about, after, besides) between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. A preposition isn't a preposition unless it goes with a related noun or pronoun, called the object of the. preposition.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 22.

(23) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Examples: Let's meet before noon. Before is a preposition; noon is its object. We've never met before. There is no object; before is an adverb modifying met. Rule 1. A preposition generally, but not always, goes before its noun or pronoun. One of the undying myths of English grammar is that you may not end a sentence with a preposition. But look at the first example that follows. No one should feel compelled to say, or even write, That is something with which I cannot agree. Just do not use extra prepositions when the meaning is clear without them. Correct: That is something I cannot agree with.. nf o. Correct: Where did you get this? Incorrect: Where did you get this at? Correct: How many of you can I depend on? Correct: Where did he go? Incorrect: Where did he go to?. es c. or ne r.i. Rule 2a. The preposition like means "similar to" or "similarly to." It should be followed by an object of the preposition (noun, pronoun, noun phrase), not by a subject and verb. Rule of thumb: Avoid like when a verb is involved. Correct: You look like your mother. That is, you look similar to her. (Mother is the object of the preposition like.) Incorrect: You look like your mother does. (Avoid like with noun + verb.). w. w w. .e. m. pl. oy e. Rule 2b. Instead of like, use as, as if, as though, or the way when following a comparison with a subject and verb. Correct: You look the way your mother does. Incorrect: Do like I ask. (No one would say Do similarly to I ask.) Correct: Do as I ask. Incorrect: You look like you're angry. Correct: You look as if you're angry. (OR as though) Some speakers and writers, to avoid embarrassment, use as when they mean like. The following incorrect sentence came from a grammar guide: Incorrect: They are considered as any other English words. Correct: They are considered as any other English words would be. Correct: They are considered to be like any other English words. Remember: like means "similar to" or "similarly to"; as means "in the same manner that." Rule of thumb: Do not use as unless there is a verb involved. Incorrect: I, as most people, try to use good grammar. Correct: I, like most people, try to use good grammar. Correct: I, as most people do, try to use good grammar. NOTE The rule distinguishing like from as, as if, as though, and the way is increasingly ignored, but English purists still insist upon it. Rule 3. The preposition of should never be used in place of the helping verb have. Correct: I should have done it. Incorrect: I should of done it. Rule 4. Follow different with the preposition from. Things differ from other things; avoiddifferent than. Incorrect: You're different than I am. Correct: You're different from me. Rule 5. Use into rather than in to express motion toward something. Use in to tell the location. Correct: I swam in the pool.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 23.

(24) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Correct: I walked into the house. Correct: I looked into the matter. Incorrect: I dived in the water. Correct: I dived into the water. Incorrect: Throw it in the trash. Correct: Throw it into the trash.. Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + preposition. Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you come across them, rather than trying to memorize many at once. Use the list below as a reference guide when you. nf o. find an expression that you don't recognize. The example sentences will help you understand the meanings. If you think of each phrasal verb as a separate verb with a specific meaning, you will. or ne r.i. be able to remember it more easily. Like many other verbs, phrasal verbs often have more than one meaning.. meaning. example sentence. ask someone out. invite on a date. pl. oy e. es c. phrasal verb. movie.. ask many people the. I asked aroundbut nobody has seen. same question. my wallet.. equal. Your purchasesadd up to$205.32.. reverse. You'll have toback up your car so. w w. .e. m. ask around. Brian askedJudy out to dinner and a. w. add up to something. back something up. that I can get out.. back someone up. support. My wife backedme up over my decision to quit my job.. blow up. explode. The racing carblew up after it crashed into the fence.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 24.

(25) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. blow something up. add air. We have toblow 50 balloons up for the party.. break down. stop functioning. Our car broke down at the side of. (vehicle, machine). the highway in the snowstorm.. get upset. The womanbroke downwhen the. nf o. break down. break somethingdown. divide into smaller parts. or ne r.i. police told her that her son had died.. Our teacherbroke the final project downinto three separate. es c. parts.. force entry to a. Somebodybroke in last night and. building. stole our stereo.. enter forcibly. The firemen had to break intothe room to rescue the children.. w w. .e. m. break into something. pl. oy e. break in. w. break something in. break in. wear something a few. I need to breakthese shoes inbefore. times so that it doesn't. we run next week.. look/feel new. interrupt. The TV stationbroke in to report the news of the president's death.. break up. end a relationship. My boyfriend and I broke upbefore I moved to America.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 25.

(26) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. break up. start laughing. The kids justbroke up as soon as. (informal). the clown started talking.. escape. The prisonersbroke out of jail when. break out. develop a skin. I broke out in a rash after our. condition. camping trip.. make unhappy. bring someone up. raise a child. This sad music isbringing medown.. es c. bring someone down. or ne r.i. break out insomething. nf o. the guards weren't looking.. My. .e. m. bring something up. pl. oy e. grandparentsbrought me upafter. start talking about a. My mother walks out of the room. subject. when my fatherbrings upsports.. vomit. He drank so much that hebrought his dinner up in the toilet.. w. w w. bring something up. my parents died.. call around. call someone back. phone many different. We called around but we weren't. places/people. able to find the car part we needed.. return a phone call. I called the company backbut the offices were closed for the weekend.. call something off. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. cancel. Jason called the wedding offbecause. 26.

(27) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. he wasn't in love with his fiancé.. call on someone. call on someone. ask for an answer or. The professorcalled on me for. opinion. question 1.. visit someone. We called onyou last night but you. call someone up. or ne r.i. nf o. weren't home.. phone. Give me your phone number and I will callyou up when we are in. es c. town.. relax after being angry. calm down. You are still mad. You need to calm. oy e. downbefore you drive the car.. not like (formal). w. w w. catch up. .e. m. forsomeone/something. I don't care forhis behaviour.. pl. not care. check in. check out. get to the same point as. You'll have to run faster than that if. someone else. you want to catch up with Marty.. arrive and register at a. We will get the hotel keys when. hotel or airport. we check in.. leave a hotel. You have tocheck out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.. checksomeone/somethingout. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. look at carefully,. The companychecks out all new. investigate. employees.. 27.

(28) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. check outsomeone/something. look at (informal). Check out the crazy hair on that guy!. become happier. cheer up. She cheered upwhen she heard the. cheer someone up. nf o. good news.. make happier. I brought you some flowers. or ne r.i. tocheer you up.. help. chip in. If everyonechips in we can get the. es c. kitchen painted by noon.. tidy, clean. Please clean upyour bedroom. find unexpectedly. .e. I came acrossthese old photos when. separate. The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.. w. w w. come apart. before you go outside.. I was tidying the closet.. m. come acrosssomething. pl. oy e. clean something up. come down withsomething. become sick. My nephewcame down with chicken pox this weekend.. come forward. come fromsomewhere. volunteer for a task or. The womancame forwardwith her. to give evidence. husband's finger prints.. originate in. The art of origami comes from Asia.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 28.

(29) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. count onsomeone/something. rely on. I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.. cross something out. draw a line through. Please cross out your old address. nf o. and write your new one.. consume less. cut back onsomething. My doctor wants me to cut back. make something fall to. We had to cutthe old tree in our. the ground. yard downafter the storm.. interrupt. Your father cut in while I was. pl. oy e. cut in. es c. cut something down. or ne r.i. on sweets and fatty foods.. pull in too closely in. The bus driver got angry when that. front of another vehicle. car cut in.. start operating (of an. The air conditioner cuts in when the. engine or electrical. temperature gets to 22°C.. device). w. w w. cut in. .e. m. cut in. dancing with your uncle.. cut something off. cut something off. remove with something. The doctors cut off his leg because. sharp. it was severely injured.. stop providing. The phone company cut offour phone because we didn't pay the bill.. cut someone off. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. take out of a will. 29. My grandparentscut my.

(30) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. fatheroff when he remarried.. cut something out. remove part of. I cut this ad outof the newspaper.. something (usually with scissors and. do something over. beat up, ransack (BrE,. He's lucky to be alive. His shop. informal). was done overby a street gang.. do again (AmE). or ne r.i. dosomeone/somethingover. nf o. paper). My teacher wants me to domy essay overbecause she doesn't like. oy e. es c. my topic.. discard. It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.. fasten, close. Do your coat upbefore you go outside. It's snowing!. w w. .e. do something up. m. pl. do away withsomething. wear nice clothing. drop back. drop in/by/over. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.. w. dress up. move back in a. Andrea dropped back to third place. position/group. when she fell off her bike.. come without an. I might drop in/by/over for tea. appointment. sometime this week.. 30.

(31) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. dropsomeone/somethingoff. take. I have to dropmy sister off at work. someone/something. before I come over.. somewhere and leave them/it there. quit a class, school etc. drop out. I dropped outof Science because it. eat at a restaurant. eat out. or ne r.i. nf o. was too difficult.. I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.. eventually. We ended uprenting a movie. es c. end up. oy e. reach/do/decide. break into pieces. My new dressfell apart in the washing machine.. fall to the ground. w w. .e. fall down. m. pl. fall apart. instead of going to the theatre.. w. fall out. fall out. figure something out. The picture that you hung up last night fell downthis morning.. separate from an. The money must have fallen outof. interior. my pocket.. (of hair, teeth) become. His hair started to fall out when he. loose and unattached. was only 35.. understand, find the. I need to figure out how to fit the. answer. piano and the bookshelf in this room.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 31.

(32) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. fill something in. to write information in. Please fill in the form with your. blanks, as on a form. name, address, and phone number.. (BrE). fill something out. to write information in. The form must be filled out in. blanks, as on a form. capital letters.. or ne r.i. fill something up. nf o. (AmE). fill to the top. I always fill the water jug upwhen it is empty.. discover. We don't know where he lives. How. es c. find out. oy e. can we find out?. discover. pl. find something out. We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but. .e. m. Samanthafound it out.. w. w w. get somethingacross/over. get along/on. communicate, make. I tried to get my pointacross/over to. understandable. the judge but she wouldn't listen.. like each other. I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sistergot along/on.. get around. have mobility. My grandfather can get aroundfine in his new wheelchair.. get away. go on a vacation. We worked so hard this year that we had toget away for a week.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 32.

(33) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. get away withsomething. do without being. Jason alwaysgets away. noticed or punished. withcheating in his maths tests.. return. We got backfrom our vacation last. get back. receive something you. Liz finally gother Science. had before. notes back from my room-mate.. or ne r.i. get something back. nf o. week.. get back at someone. retaliate, take revenge. My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my. I finally got back into my novel and. something again. finished it.. step onto a vehicle. We're going to freeze out here if you. m. don't let usget on the bus.. w w. .e. get on something. become interested in. pl. get back intosomething. oy e. es c. favourite hat.. recover from an illness,. I just got overthe flu and now my. loss, difficulty. sister has it.. overcome a problem. The company will have to close if it. w. get over something. get over something. can't get over the new regulations.. get round tosomething. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. finally find time to do. I don't know when I am going to get. (AmE: get around. round towriting the thank you. tosomething). cards.. 33.

(34) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. get together. meet (usually for social. Let's get together for a BBQ this. reasons). weekend.. get out of bed. I got up early today to study for my. get up. nf o. exam.. stand. get up. You should get up and give the. give someone away. reveal hidden. or ne r.i. elderly man your seat.. His wife gavehim away to the. information about. es c. someone. police.. take the bride to the. My father gaveme away at my. altar. wedding.. ruin a secret. My little sistergave the surprise partyaway by accident.. w w. .e. m. give something away. pl. oy e. give someone away. give something to. The library wasgiving away old. someone for free. books on Friday.. return a borrowed item. I have to givethese skatesback to. w. give something away. give something back. Franz before his hockey game.. give in. give something out. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. reluctantly stop. My boyfriend didn't want to go to. fighting or arguing. the ballet, but he finally gave in.. give to many people. They weregiving out free perfume. 34.

(35) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. give something up. meaning. example sentence. (usually at no cost). samples at the department store.. quit a habit. I am giving upsmoking as of January 1st.. stop trying. give up. My maths homework was too. go after someone. follow someone. or ne r.i. nf o. difficult so Igave up.. My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.. try to achieve. I went after my dream and now I. es c. go after something. am a published writer.. oy e. something. compete, oppose. We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight.. .e. w w. go ahead. m. pl. go against someone. w. go back. go out. start, proceed. Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.. return to a place. I have to go back home and get my lunch.. leave home to go on a. We're going outfor dinner tonight.. social event. go out with someone. date. Jesse has beengoing out withLuke since they met last winter.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 35.

(36) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. go over something. review. Please go overyour answers before you submit your test.. visit someone nearby. go over. I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I. When I was young, we went. deprivation. without winter boots.. stop being friends over. My best friend and I grew. time. apart after she changed schools.. regrow. My roses grew back this summer.. oy e. grow back. or ne r.i. grow apart. suffer lack or. es c. go withoutsomething. nf o. think I'llgo over for an hour or two.. become an adult. pl. grow up. When Jackgrows up he wants to be. .e. m. a fireman.. get too big for. Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her. w w. grow out ofsomething. w. old ones.. grow into something. grow big enough to fit. This bike is too big for him now, but he shouldgrow into it by next year.. hand somethingdown. hand something in. give something used to. I handed my old comic. someone else. booksdown to my little cousin.. submit. I have to hand in my essay by Friday.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 36.

(37) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. meaning. example sentence. hand something out. to distribute to a group. We will hand out the invitations at. of people. the door.. give (usually. The police asked the man tohand. unwillingly). over his wallet and his weapons.. stay positive (informal). Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a. hand something over. hang in. nf o. phrasal verb. wait a short time. hang on. Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!. es c. (informal). or ne r.i. job very soon.. spend time relaxing. Instead of going to the party we are. (informal). just going tohang out at my place.. pl. oy e. hang out. end a phone call. .e. prevent from. I had to holdmy dog backbecause. doing/going. there was a cat in the park.. hide an emotion. Jamie held backhis tears at his. w. w w. holdsomeone/somethingback. He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.. m. hang up. hold something back. grandfather's funeral.. hold on. wait a short time. Please hold onwhile I transfer you to the Sales Department.. hold ontosomeone/something. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. hold firmly using your. Hold onto your hat because it's very. hands or arms. windy outside.. 37.

(38) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. holdsomeone/somethingup. rob. A man in a black mask held the bank up this morning.. continue doing. keep on doingsomething. Keep on stirring until the liquid. keep something fromsomeone. nf o. comes to a boil.. not tell. We kept our relationshipfrom our. stop from entering. keepsomeone/somethingout. or ne r.i. parents for two years.. Try to keep the wet dog out of the. continue at the same. If you keepthose results upyou will. rate. get into a great college.. pl. oy e. keep something up. es c. living room.. .e. m. let someone down. I need you to be on time.. disappoint. Don'tlet me downthis time.. allow to enter. Can you let the cat in before you go to school?. w. w w. let someone in. fail to support or help,. log in (or on). log out (or off). look aftersomeone/something. sign in (to a website,. I can't log in to Facebook because. database etc). I've forgotten my password.. sign out (of a website,. If you don't log off somebody could. database etc). get into your account.. take care of. I have to look after my sick grandmother.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 38.

(39) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. look down onsomeone. think less of, consider. Ever since we stole that chocolate. inferior. bar your dad haslooked down on me.. try to find. look forsomeone/something. I'm looking fora red dress for the. future. look into something. I'm looking forward to the. or ne r.i. be excited about the. look forward tosomething. nf o. wedding.. Christmas break.. investigate. We are going tolook into the price. es c. of snowboards today.. be careful, vigilant,. Look out! That car's going to hit. and take notice. you!. pl. oy e. look out. m. look out. Don't forget tolook out forsnakes on. for. the hiking trail.. check, examine. Can you look over my essay for. w w. .e. forsomeone/something. be especially vigilant. spelling mistakes?. w. look something over. look something up. search and find. We can look her phone. information in a. numberup on the Internet.. reference book or database. look up to someone. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. have a lot of respect. My little sister has alwayslooked. for. up to me.. 39.

(40) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. make something up. invent, lie about. Josie made up a story about why we. something. were late.. forgive each other. We were angry last night, but. make up. make someone up. nf o. we made up at breakfast.. apply cosmetics to. My sisters mademe up for my. mix something up. or ne r.i. graduation party.. confuse two or more. die. His unclepassed awaylast night. pl. oy e. pass away. es c. things. faint. elderly ladypassed out.. .e. give the same thing to. The professorpassed the. many people. textbooks outbefore class.. decline (usually. I passed up the job because I am. something good). afraid of change.. return owed money. Thanks for buying my ticket.. w. w w. pass something out. after a long illness.. It was so hot in the church that an. m. pass out. I mixed up the twins' names again!. pass something up. pay someone back. I'll payyou back on Friday.. pay for something. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. be punished for doing. That bully willpay for being mean. something bad. to my little brother.. 40.

(41) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. pick something out. choose. I picked outthree sweaters for you to try on.. I'll point my boyfriend outwhen he. finger. runs by.. put what you are. You can put the groceries downon. holding on a surface or. the kitchen counter.. floor. insult, make someone. The studentsput the substitute. feel stupid. teacher downbecause his pants were. es c. put someone down. nf o. put something down. indicate with your. or ne r.i. pointsomeone/somethingout. oy e. too short.. postpone. We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane.. extinguish. The neighboursput the. w w. .e. put something out. m. pl. put something off. assemble. I have to putthe cribtogether before. w. put somethingtogether. fire outbefore the firemen arrived.. put up. the baby arrives.. tolerate. I don't think I can put up withthree small children in the car.. withsomeone/something. put something on. put. Don't forget toput on your new. clothing/accessories on. earrings for the party.. your body. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 41.

(42) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. run intosomeone/something. meet unexpectedly. I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.. run over/throughsomething. drive a vehicle over a. I accidentallyran over your bicycle. person or thing. in the driveway.. rehearse, review. Let's run over/throughthese lines. nf o. run oversomeone/something. leave unexpectedly,. The child ran away from home and. escape. has been missing for three days.. es c. run away. or ne r.i. one more time before the show.. have none left. .e. m. send something back. pl. oy e. run out. wash my hair with soap.. return (usually by. My letter gotsent back to me. mail). because I used the wrong stamp.. arrange, organize. Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.. w. w w. set something up. We ran out of shampoo so I had to. set someone up. trick, trap. The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera.. shop around. compare prices. I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.. show off. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. act extra special for. He alwaysshows off on his. people watching. skateboard. 42.

(43) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. (usually boastfully). stick to something. You shouldsleep overtonight if the. night (informal). weather is too bad to drive home.. organize, resolve a. We need to sortthe bills outbefore. problem. the first of the month.. nf o. sort something out. stay somewhere for the. continue doing something, limit yourself to one. stop the energy flow,. oy e. switch something off. to the diet.. The light's too bright. Could you switch itoff.. start the energy flow,. We heard the news as soon as. turn on. we switched onthe car radio.. resemble a family. I take after my mother. We are both. member. impatient.. purposely break into. He took the car brakes apartand. pieces. found the problem.. return an item. I have to takeour new. w w. .e. m. pl. turn off. switch something on. You will lose weight if youstick. es c. particular thing. or ne r.i. sleep over. w. take after someone. take something apart. take something back. TVback because it doesn't work.. take off. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. start to fly. My plane takes off in five minutes.. 43.

(44) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. meaning. example sentence. take something off. remove something. Take off your socks and shoes and. (usually clothing). come in the lake!. remove from a place or. Can you takethe garbage outto the. thing. street for me?. pay for someone to go. My grandparentstook us out for. somewhere with you. dinner and a movie.. take someone out. tear something up. rip into pieces. or ne r.i. take something out. nf o. phrasal verb. I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters. es c. and gave them back to him.. remember (often + to,. When I think back on my youth, I. sometimes + on). wish I had studied harder.. consider. I'll have to thinkthis job offerover before I make my final. m. think something over. pl. oy e. think back. w w. .e. decision.. dispose of. We threw our old furnitureaway when we won the. w. throw somethingaway. turn something down. lottery.. decrease the volume or. Please turn the TV down while the. strength (heat, light. guests are here.. etc). turn something down. refuse. I turned the jobdown because I don't want to move.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 44.

(45) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. meaning. example sentence. turn something off. stop the energy flow,. Your mother wants you toturn the. switch off. TV offand come for dinner.. start the energy, switch. It's too dark in here. Let's turnsome. on. lights on.. increase the volume or. Can you turnthe music up? This is. strength (heat, light. my favourite song.. turn something up. etc). appear suddenly. turn up. or ne r.i. turn something on. nf o. phrasal verb. Our cat turned up after we put. es c. posters up all over the. oy e. neighbourhood.. sample clothing. I'm going to trythese jeans on, but I don't think they will fit.. test. I am going totry this new brand of. w w. .e. try something out. m. pl. try something on. finish the supply. w. use something up. detergent out.. The kids usedall of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more.. wake up. stop sleeping. We have towake up early for work on Monday.. warmsomeone/somethingup. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. increase the. You can warmyour feet up in front. temperature. of the fireplace.. 45.

(46) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. phrasal verb. meaning. example sentence. warm up. prepare body for. I always warm up by doing sit-ups. exercise. before I go for a run.. fade away. Most of my make-up wore. wear off. exercise. work out. nf o. off before I got to the party.. I work out at the gym three times a. or ne r.i. week.. be successful. Our planworked outfine.. work something out. make a calculation. es c. work out. We have towork out the total cost. m. Part 2. pl. oy e. before we buy the house.. Averages Numbers HCF amd LCF Ration and Proportions Profit ans Loss Square root and Cube root Chain Rule Area Percentage Decimal Fraction Simplification. w. w w.           . .e. 2.1 Basic-Arithmetic. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 46.

(47) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Profit and Loss Formulas IMPORTANT FACTS Cost Price: The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P. Selling Price:. nf o. The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P.. or ne r.i. Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain. Loss:. If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.. Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.) Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P. Gain Percentage: (Gain %) Gain x 100. Gain % =. pl. C.P.. Loss Percentage: (Loss %) Loss x 100. w w. .e. Loss % =. m. 5.. oy e. 1. 2. 3. 4.. es c. IMPORTANT FORMULAE. 6.. Selling Price: (S.P.). w. SP =. 7.. x C.P. 100. (100 - Loss %) 100. x C.P.. Cost Price: (C.P.). C.P. =. 9.. (100 + Gain %). Selling Price: (S.P.). SP =. 8.. C.P.. 100 (100 + Gain %). x S.P.. Cost Price: (C.P.). C.P. =. 100 (100 - Loss %). x S.P.. 10. If an article is sold at a gain of say 35%, then S.P. = 135% of C.P.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 47.

(48) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. 11. If an article is sold at a loss of say, 35% then S.P. = 65% of C.P. 12. When a person sells two similar items, one at a gain of say x%, and the other at a loss of x%, then the seller always incurs a loss given by: Common Loss and Gain % 2. Loss % =. 10. x. =. 2. .. 10. 13. If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then Error. Gain % =. x 100. %.. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is: A.. 4 4 % 7. B.. 5. 5. C.. 10%. D.. 12%. 11. %. Answer: Option B Explanation:. Selling Price (S.P.) = Rs. 5800.. es c. Cost Price (C.P.) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Rs. 5500.. or ne r.i. Answer & Explanation. nf o. 1.. (True Value) - (Error). Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.) = Rs.(5800 - 5500) = Rs. 300. 5. % 11 % View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. pl. =5. 15. C.. 18. .e. A.. m. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, then the value of x is: B.. 16. D.. 25. w w. 2.. 5500. x 100. oy e. 300. Gain % =. Answer & Explanation. w. Answer: Option B Explanation:. Let C.P. of each article be Re. 1 C.P. of x articles = Rs. x. S.P. of x articles = Rs. 20. Profit = Rs. (20 - x). 20 - x x. x 100 = 25. 2000 - 100x = 25x 125x = 2000 x = 16.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 48.

(49) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 3.. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. Find the profit percent. 2. A.. 66. C.. 105. 3 1 3. B.. 100. D.. 120. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B Explanation: Let C.P. be Rs. x and S.P. be Rs. y. y = 2x.. nf o. Then, 3(y - x) = (2y - x). Profit = Rs. (y - x) = Rs. (2x - x) = Rs. x. x x. x 100. or ne r.i. Profit % =. % = 100% View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit? A.. 30%. C.. 100%. B.. 70%. D.. 250%. es c. 4.. oy e. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B. pl. Explanation:. m. Let C.P.= Rs. 100. Then, Profit = Rs. 320, S.P. = Rs. 420.. .e. New C.P. = 125% of Rs. 100 = Rs. 125. w w. New S.P. = Rs. 420.. Profit = Rs. (420 - 125) = Rs. 295.. w. Required percentage =. 295 420. x 100. % View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 5.. =. 1475 21. % = 70% (approximately).. A vendor bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%? A.. 3. B.. 4. C.. 5. D.. 6. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option C Explanation: C.P. of 6 toffees = Re. 1 S.P. of 6 toffees = 120% of Re. 1 = Rs. 6. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 49.

(50) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. 5 For Rs.. 6 5. , toffees sold = 6.. For Re. 1, toffees sold = .. 6x. 5 6. = 5.. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by selling the same article for Rs. 1280. At what price should the article be sold to make 25% profit? A.. Rs. 2000. B.. Rs. 2200. C.. Rs. 2400. D.. Data inadequate. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A. nf o. Explanation: Let C.P. be Rs. x. 1920 - x x. x 100 =. x - 1280 x. x 100. or ne r.i. Then,. 1920 - x = x - 1280 2x = 3200. es c. x = 1600. Required S.P. = 125% of Rs. 1600 = Rs.. 125 100. x 1600. = Rs 2000.. A.. Rs. 18.20. C.. Rs. 72. pl. A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, what was his profit?. m. 7.. oy e. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. B.. Rs. 70. D.. Rs. 88.25. .e. Answer & Explanation. w w. Answer: Option C. w. Explanation:. C.P. = Rs.. 100. 122.5. x 392. = Rs.. 1000 1225. x 392. = Rs. 320. Profit = Rs. (392 - 320) = Rs. 72. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 8.. A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the cycle? A.. Rs. 1090. B.. Rs. 1160. C.. Rs. 1190. D.. Rs. 1202. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option C. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 50.

(51) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Explanation:. S.P. = 85% of Rs. 1400 = Rs.. 85. x 1400 100 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 9.. = Rs. 1190. Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of Rs. 33. What was his percentage profit? A.. 3.5. B.. 4.5. C.. 5.6. D.. 6.5. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option C. 12. = Rs. 31.25. Selling Price of 1 toy = Rs. 33 So, Gain = Rs. (33 - 31.25) = Rs. 1.75. Profit % =. 1.75 31.25. x 100. =. 28 % = 5.6% 5. es c. % View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. or ne r.i. 375. Cost Price of 1 toy = Rs.. nf o. Explanation:. A.. 30%. C.. 35%. oy e. 10. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain percent is:. 44%. .e. Explanation:. D.. m. Answer: Option D. 1 33 % 3. pl. Answer & Explanation. B.. w w. Suppose, number of articles bought = L.C.M. of 6 and 5 = 30.. w. C.P. of 30 articles = Rs. S.P. of 30 articles = Rs. Gain % =. 11 25. 5 6 6 5. x 30. = Rs. 25.. x 30. = Rs. 36.. x 100. % = 44%. 11. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. The cost price of a ball is: A.. Rs. 45. B.. Rs. 50. C.. Rs. 55. D.. Rs. 60. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option D Explanation:. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 51.

(52) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. (C.P. of 17 balls) - (S.P. of 17 balls) = (C.P. of 5 balls) C.P. of 12 balls = S.P. of 17 balls = Rs.720. 720. C.P. of 1 ball = Rs.. = Rs. 60. 12 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 12. When a plot is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price must that plot be sold in order to gain 15%? A.. Rs. 21,000. B.. Rs. 22,500. C.. Rs. 25,300. D.. Rs. 25,800. Answer & Explanation. nf o. Answer: Option C Explanation:. 18700 x 115. x=. 85. or ne r.i. 85 : 18700 = 115 : x. = 25300.. Hence, S.P. = Rs. 25,300.. es c. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 2 14 % gain 7. C.. 2 14 % loss 7. pl. A.. oy e. 13. 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. The percentage of profit or loss is: B.. 15% gain. D.. 15 % loss. m. Answer & Explanation. .e. Answer: Option A. w w. Explanation:. C.P. of 1 orange = Rs.. w. S.P. of 1 orange = Rs. Gain% =. 0.50 3.50. 350 100 48 12. x 100. = Rs. 3.50 = Rs. 4 =. 100. 2 % = 14 % 7 7. % View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 14. A shopkeeper sells one transistor for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a loss of 4%. His total gain or loss percent is: 15. A.. 5. C.. 2 6 % gain 3. 17. % loss. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 52. 15. B.. 5. D.. None of these. 17. % gain.

(53) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. Explanation: 100. C.P. of 1st transistor = Rs.. 120 100. C.P. of 2nd transistor = Rs.. 96. x 840. = Rs. 700.. x 960. = Rs. 1000. So, total C.P. = Rs. (700 + 1000) = Rs. 1700. Total S.P. = Rs. (840 + 960) = Rs. 1800. 100. Gain % =. x 100. =5. 15. % 17 % View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 1700. No profit, no loss. B.. 5%. C.. 8%. D.. 10%. E.. None of these. or ne r.i. A.. nf o. 15. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. His profit percent is:. Answer & Explanation. es c. Answer: Option B Explanation:. oy e. C.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (26 x 20 + 30 x 36) = Rs. (520 + 1080) = Rs. 1600. S.P. of 56 kg rice = Rs. (56 x 30) = Rs. 1680. 80. x 100. 1600. % = 5%.. m. pl. Gain =. .e. Average. w w. Formulas 1.. Average:. w. Average =. 2.. Sum of observations. Number of observations. Average Speed: Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph.. Then, the average speed druing the whole journey is. 1.. 2xy x+y. kmph.. In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs? A.. 6.25. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. B.. 53. 6.5.

(54) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. C.. 6.75. D.. 7. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation:. Required run rate =. 282 - (3.2 x 10). =. 250. 40 40 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. A family consists of two grandparents, two parents and three grandchildren. The average age of the grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. What is the average age of the family? 28. C.. 32. 4 7 1 7. 5. years. B.. 31. years. D.. None of these. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B Explanation: 67 x 2 + 35 x 2 + 6 x 3. Required average =. 134 + 70 + 18. =. 222 7 5. years.. pl. = 31. oy e. =. 7. years. es c. 2+2+3. 7. nf o. A.. or ne r.i. 2.. = 6.25. 7. A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive months. How much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs. 6500?. w w. 3.. .e. m. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. Rs. 4991. w. A. C.. Rs. 6001. B.. Rs. 5991. D.. Rs. 6991. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation: Total sale for 5 months = Rs. (6435 + 6927 + 6855 + 7230 + 6562) = Rs. 34009. Required sale = Rs. [ (6500 x 6) - 34009 ] = Rs. (39000 - 34009) = Rs. 4991. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 54.

(55) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. 4.. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero? A.. 0. B.. 1. C.. 10. D.. 19. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option D Explanation: Average of 20 numbers = 0. Sum of 20 numbers (0 x 20) = 0.. nf o. It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be positive and if their sum is a then 20th number is (-a).. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person? A.. 76 kg. B.. 76.5 kg. C.. 85 kg. D.. Data inadequate. E.. None of these. es c. 5.. or ne r.i. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. Answer & Explanation. oy e. Answer: Option C Explanation:. pl. Total weight increased = (8 x 2.5) kg = 20 kg.. m. Weight of new person = (65 + 20) kg = 85 kg. The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 years older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year less than the average age of the whole team. What is the average age of the team?. w w. .e. 6.. 23 years. B.. 24 years. C.. 25 years. D.. None of these. w. A.. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation: Let the average age of the whole team by x years. 11x - (26 + 29) = 9(x -1) 11x - 9x = 46 2x = 46 x = 23. So, average age of the team is 23 years.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 55.

(56) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 7.. The average monthly income of P and Q is Rs. 5050. The average monthly income of Q and R is Rs. 6250 and the average monthly income of P and R is Rs. 5200. The monthly income of P is: A.. 3500. B.. 4000. C.. 4050. D.. 5000. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B Explanation: Let P, Q and R represent their respective monthly incomes. Then, we have:. nf o. P + Q = (5050 x 2) = 10100 .... (i) Q + R = (6250 x 2) = 12500 .... (ii). or ne r.i. P + R = (5200 x 2) = 10400 .... (iii). Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get: 2(P + Q + R) = 33000 or Subtracting (ii) from (iv), we get P = 4000. P's monthly income = Rs. 4000.. A.. 35 years. C.. 50 years. oy e. The average age of husband, wife and their child 3 years ago was 27 years and that of wife and the child 5 years ago was 20 years. The present age of the husband is:. pl. 8.. es c. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. P + Q + R = 16500 .... (iv). B.. 40 years. D.. None of these. m. Answer & Explanation. .e. Answer: Option B. w w. Explanation:. Sum of the present ages of husband, wife and child = (27 x 3 + 3 x 3) years = 90 years.. w. Sum of the present ages of wife and child = (20 x 2 + 5 x 2) years = 50 years. Husband's present age = (90 - 50) years = 40 years.. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 9.. A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years. What approximately is the average cost per litre of petrol if he spends Rs. 4000 each year? A.. Rs. 7.98. B.. Rs. 8. C.. Rs. 8.50. D.. Rs. 9. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation:. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 56.

(57) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. 4000. Total quantity of petrol = consumed in 3 years. 7.50. +. 4000. 2. = 4000. 15. 8. +. 76700. =. 51. 1 8. 4000. +. +. litres. 8.50 2. litres. 17. litres. Total amount spent = Rs. (3 x 4000) = Rs. 12000. 12000 x 51. Average cost = Rs.. = Rs.. 76700 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 6120. = Rs. 7.98. 767. nf o. 10. In Arun's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother doest not agree with Arun and he thinks that Arun's weight is greater than 60 kg but less than 70 kg. His mother's view is that his weight cannot be greater than 68 kg. If all are them are correct in their estimation, what is the average of different probable weights of Arun? 67 kg.. B.. 68 kg.. C.. 69 kg.. D.. Data inadequate. E.. None of these. or ne r.i. A.. es c. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A. Let Arun's weight by X kg.. oy e. Explanation:. pl. According to Arun, 65 < X < 72. m. According to Arun's brother, 60 < X < 70.. .e. According to Arun's mother, X <= 68. w w. The values satisfying all the above conditions are 66, 67 and 68.. Required average =. 66 + 67 + 68 3. =. 201 3. = 67 kg.. w. 11. The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg. If the average weight of A and B be 40 kg and that of B and C be 43 kg, then the weight of B is: A.. 17 kg. B.. 20 kg. C.. 26 kg. D.. 31 kg. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option D Explanation: Let A, B, C represent their respective weights. Then, we have: A + B + C = (45 x 3) = 135 .... (i) A + B = (40 x 2) = 80 .... (ii). Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 57.

(58) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. B + C = (43 x 2) = 86 ....(iii) Adding (ii) and (iii), we get: A + 2B + C = 166 .... (iv) Subtracting (i) from (iv), we get : B = 31. B's weight = 31 kg. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 12. The average weight of 16 boys in a class is 50.25 kg and that of the remaining 8 boys is 45.15 kg. Find the average weights of all the boys in the class. A.. 47.55 kg. B.. 48 kg. C.. 48.55 kg. D.. 49.25 kg. nf o. Answer & Explanation. Explanation: 50.25 x 16 + 45.15 x 8. Required average =. 16 + 8 804 + 361.20. =. es c. =. 24. or ne r.i. Answer: Option C. 1165.20 24. oy e. = 48.55. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. C.. 280. m. 250. .e. A.. pl. 13. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number of visitors per day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is: B.. 276. D.. 285. w w. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option D. w. Explanation:. Since the month begins with a Sunday, to there will be five Sundays in the month.. Required average =. =. 510 x 5 + 240 x 25 30 8550 30. = 285 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 14. If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students respectively is 50, 55, 60, then the average marks of all the students is: A.. 53.33. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. B.. 58. 54.68.

(59) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. C.. 55. D.. None of these. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option B Explanation: 55 x 50 + 60 x 55 + 45 x 60. Required average =. 55 + 60 + 45 2750 + 3300 + 2700. =. =. 160 8750 160. nf o. = 54.68 View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. or ne r.i. 15. A pupil's marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the class got increased by half (1/2). The number of pupils in the class is: A.. 10. B.. 20. C.. 40. D.. 73. es c. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option C. oy e. Explanation: Let there be x pupils in the class.. = (83 - 63). =. x. x. 2. 2. = 20. 2. x= 40.. w w. .e. 2. 1. m. x. xx. pl. Total increase in marks =. Problems on H.C.F and L.C.M. w. Formulas 1.. Factors and Multiples: If number a divided another number b exactly, we say that a is a factor of b. In this case, b is called a multiple of a.. 2.. Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) or Greatest Common Measure (G.C.M.) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D.): The H.C.F. of two or more than two numbers is the greatest number that divides each of them exactly. There are two methods of finding the H.C.F. of a given set of numbers: I.. Factorization Method: Express the each one of the given numbers as the product of prime factors. The product of least powers of common prime factors gives H.C.F.. Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 59.

(60) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. II.. Division Method: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F. of two given numbers, divide the larger by the smaller one. Now, divide the divisor by the remainder. Repeat the process of dividing the preceding number by the remainder last obtained till zero is obtained as remainder. The last divisor is required H.C.F. Finding the H.C.F. of more than two numbers: Suppose we have to find the H.C.F. of three numbers, then, H.C.F. of [(H.C.F. of any two) and (the third number)] gives the H.C.F. of three given number. Similarly, the H.C.F. of more than three numbers may be obtained.. 3.. Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.): The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given numbers is called their L.C.M. There are two methods of finding the L.C.M. of a given set of numbers:. 1. H.C.F. =. 8.. or ne r.i. L.C.M. of Denominators L.C.M. of Numerators. H.C.F. of Denominators. oy e. 2. L.C.M. =. H.C.F. of Numerators. es c. 4. 5. 6.. Factorization Method: Resolve each one of the given numbers into a product of prime factors. Then, L.C.M. is the product of highest powers of all the factors. II. Division Method (short-cut): Arrange the given numbers in a rwo in any order. Divide by a number which divided exactly at least two of the given numbers and carry forward the numbers which are not divisible. Repeat the above process till no two of the numbers are divisible by the same number except 1. The product of the divisors and the undivided numbers is the required L.C.M. of the given numbers. Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M. Co-primes: Two numbers are said to be co-primes if their H.C.F. is 1. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Fractions:. nf o. I.. H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Decimal Fractions:. Comparison of Fractions:. .e. 9.. m. pl. In a given numbers, make the same number of decimal places by annexing zeros in some numbers, if necessary. Considering these numbers without decimal point, find H.C.F. or L.C.M. as the case may be. Now, in the result, mark off as many decimal places as are there in each of the given numbers.. w. w w. Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of the given fractions. Convert each of the fractions into an equivalent fraction with L.C.M as the denominator, by multiplying both the numerator and denominator by the same number. The resultant fraction with the greatest numerator is the greatest.. 1.. Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder in each case. A.. 4. B.. 7. C.. 9. D.. 13. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation: Required number = H.C.F. of (91 - 43), (183 - 91) and (183 - 43). Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 60.

(61) Collected By : Yasir Shehzad. = H.C.F. of 48, 92 and 140 = 4. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 2.. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The larger of the two numbers is: A.. 276. B.. 299. C.. 322. D.. 345. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option C. nf o. Explanation: Clearly, the numbers are (23 x 13) and (23 x 14).. or ne r.i. Larger number = (23 x 14) = 322. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds respectively. In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll together ? 4. C.. 15. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option D. 10. D.. 16. pl. Explanation:. B.. es c. A.. oy e. 3.. m. L.C.M. of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 is 120.. w w. .e. So, the bells will toll together after every 120 seconds(2 minutes). 30. In 30 minutes, they will toll together. + 1 = 16 times. 2. w. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. 4.. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305, 4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder in each case. Then sum of the digits in N is: A.. 4. B.. 5. C.. 6. D.. 8. Answer & Explanation. Answer: Option A Explanation: N = H.C.F. of (4665 - 1305), (6905 - 4665) and (6905 - 1305). Shared By : Faisal Qureshi. 61.

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