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ARS 202
M E A N I N G F U LP R A Y E R
V O C A B U L A R Y O F S A L A HPRESENTED BY
A B D U L N A S I R J A N G D A
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CRITICAL DISCLAIMER
1. This document has been prepared specifically for use during the single weekend seminar entitled ‘Meaningful Prayer’ being offered by Bayyinah institute. 2. This document has little to no value as a self study resource. It serves merely as an outline for discussions that will take place during the course of the seminar. 3. Where deemed helpful, two kinds of English commentary have been offered: a. Brief comments that will be elaborated in class b. Translations cited from the work of Yusuf Ali. 4. We at Bayyinah do not endorse any particular translation of the Qur’an. The very point of this seminar is to illustrate what is lost in translation. The above translation has only been cited for convenient reference and comparison. 5. Attendees should print this document and bring it with them no later than the 2nd day of the seminar (Saturday) in order to maximize their benefit from the seminar. 6. We advise attendees to bring along a notebook just in case they are interested in taking in‐ depth notes. Please be advised that the content of this seminar is geared more towards enrichment and general awareness than it is towards academic discourse, yet a wealth of information will be presented. 7. Please do not be intimidated by the colossal citations of Arabic in this document. They are simply there to assist the instructor in the discussion process. You should be able to benefit from this program even if you don’t read or understand Arabic. 8. This document outlines the full extent of the discussions planned for the Meaningful Prayer seminar. It will be the instructor’s sincere best effort to cover all of the material without rushing through it. The instructor therefore may skip portions of the material due to shortage of time. 9. Bayyinah does not endorse a particular school of jurisprudence in its educational curriculum. The content of this course focuses on the language of the ritual act of prayer only. 10. If you are planning on attending this seminar but haven’t yet signed up, please do so at www.bayyinah.com/student_center by choosing a location near you.3
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Introduction
1.01 Salah: Linguistic and Technical Definitions Linguistic Definition: ﺔ ﺮﻠﻟ ءﺎﻋﻟﺪا ‐ to pray for mercy ناﻮﻠﺼﻟا ‐ hips "سﺮﻔﻟا ﺖﻠﺻأ" ﺼﻟا – to burn “رﺎﻨﻟﺎﺑ دﻮﻌﻟا ﺖﻴﻠﺻ” بّ ﻤﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﻟا – foreign word meaning prayer Technical Definition: To worship Allah by means of certain known and prescribed sayings and actions at specified times ﷲا ﻦﻣ – if Allah is the ‘doer’ then it means to have mercy and grant blessings He it is who Sends blessings on you, As do His angels, ﻪﺘﻜﺋﻼﻣو ﻢﻜﻴﻠﻋ ﺼﻳ يﻟﺬا ﻮﻫ 33:43 They are those on whom (Descend) blessings from Allah,and Mercy ٌتا َﻮَﻠ َﺻ ْﻢِ ْ َﻠَﻋ َﻚِ ـَﻟوُأ ٌ ﺔَْ َر َو ْﻢِ ِّ َّر ﻦِّﻣ 2:157 ﺔﻜﺋﻼﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ – if the ‘doers’ are the Angels then it means to seek forgiveness Allah and His angels send blessings on the prophet ُﻪَﺘَﻜِ َﻼَﻣ َو َ َّﷲا َّنِإ َنﻮُّﻠ َﺼُﻳ ِّﻲِﺒَّﻨﻟا َ َﻋ 33:56 Those who sustain the Throne (of Allah. and those around
it Sing glory and Praise to their Lord; believe In him; and implore forgiveness for those who believe: "Our Lord! Thy reach is over all things, In Mercy and knowledge. Forgive, then, those who turn In repentance, and follow Thy path; and preserve them from the penalty of the Blazing Fire! ِﺑ َنﻮُﺤِّﺒ َﺴُ ُ َﻟﻪْﻮَﺣ ْﻦَﻣ َو َشَْ ْﻟا َنﻮُﻠِﻤْﺤَﻳ َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َنﻮُﻨِﻣْﺆُﻳ َو ْﻢِ ِّ َر ِﺪْﻤَﺤ ِﻪِﺑ َنوُﺮِﻔْﻐَﺘْﺴَ َو ًﺎﻤْﻠ ِﻋ َو ًﺔَ ْ َّر ٍءْ َ َّﻞُﻛ َﺖْﻌ ِﺳَو ﺎَﻨَّﺑَر اﻮُﻨَﻣآ َﻦﻳِ َّﻠﺬِﻟ ْﺮِﻔ ْﻏﺎَﻓ ِ ِﺤَﺠْﻟا َباَﺬَﻋ ْ ِ ِﻗ َو َﻚَﻠﻴِﺒ َﺳ اﻮُﻌَﺒَّﺗا َو اﻮُﺑﺎَﺗ َﻦﻳِ َّﻠﺬِﻟ 40:7 نﺎﺴ ﻹا ﻦﻣ – if the ‘doer’ is a human being it means to worship For such prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times. َّنِإ َةَﻼ َّﺼﻟا ًﺎﺗﻮُﻗ ْﻮَّﻣ ًﺎﺑﺎَﺘِﻛ َﲔِﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟا َ َﻋ ْﺖَﻧﺎَﻛ 4:103 when the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the Day of Assembly) ِﺔَﻌُﻤُﺠ ِم ْﻮَﻳ ﻦِﻣ ِة َﻼ َّﺼﻠِﻟ يِدﻮُﻧ اَذِإ ْ ﻟا 62:9 their prayer at the House (of Allah. is nothing but whistling and clapping of hands ًﺔَﻳِﺪْﺼَﺗَو ءﺎَﻜُﻣ َّﻻِإ ِﺖْﻴَﺒ ْﻢُ ُ َﻼ َﺻ َنﺎَﻛ ﺎَﻣ َو ْ ﻟا َﺪﻨِﻋ 8:35 ءﺎﻋﻟﺪاو ةﻮﻠﺼﻟا ﲔﺑ قﺮﻔﻟا ‐ the difference between Salah and Dua
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1.02 The Importance of Salah • اﱪﻄﻟا هاور' ﻠﻪﻤﻋ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﺪﺴﻓ تﺪﺴﻓ نإو ﻠﻪﻤﻋ ﺮﺋﺎﺳ ﺢﻠﺻ ﺖﺤﻠﺻ نﺈﻓ ،ةﻼﺼﻟا ﺔﻣﺎﻴﻘﻟا مﻮﻳ ﺪﺒﻌﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﺳﺎﺤﻳ ﺎﻣ لوأ :ﺚﺑﺪﺣ Rasulullah (SAW) said, “The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer. If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds will be sound. And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad." (Recorded by al‐ Tabarani) 1. the believers must (eventually) win through,‐ 2. those who humble themselves In their prayers; 3. who avoid vain talk; 4. who are active In deeds of charity; 5. who abstain from sex, 6. except with those joined to them In the marriage bond, or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,‐ for (in their case) They are free from blame,
7. but those whose desires exceed those limits are transgressors;‐
8. those who faithfully observe their Trusts and their covenants;
9. and who (strictly) guard their prayers;‐ 10. these will be the heirs,
11. Who will inherit Paradise: They will dwell therein (for ever). ْﺪَﻗ َﺢَﻠْﻓَأ َنﻮُﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟا )١ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا ْ ُ ِﰲ ْﻢِ ِ ﻼ َﺻ َنﻮُﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ )٢ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ِﻦَﻋ ِﻮْﻐَّﻠﻟا َنﻮ ُﺿِ ُْﻣ )٣ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ِةﺎَﻛَّﺰﻠِﻟ َنﻮُﻠِﻋﺎَﻓ )٤ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْ ِ ِﺟوُﺮُﻔِﻟ َنﻮُﻈِﻓﺎَﺣ )٥ ( ﻻِإ َ َﻋ ْ ِ ِﺟا َوْزَأ ْوأ ﺎَﻣ ْﺖ َﻜَﻠَﻣ ْﻢُ ُ ﺎَﻤْﻳَأ َﻓ ْﻢُ َّ ِﺈ ُ ْ ﲑَﻏ َﲔِﻣﻮُﻠَﻣ )٦ ( ِﻦَﻤَﻓ ﻰَﻐَﺘْﺑا َءاَر َو َﻚِﻟَذ َﻚِ َﻟوُﺄَﻓ ُُ َنوُدﺎَﻌْﻟا )٧ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْﻢِ ِ ﺎَﻧﺎَﻣﻷ ْ ِ ِﺪ ْﻬ َﻋ َو َنﻮُﻋاَر )٨ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ َ َﻋ ْﻢِ ِ ا َﻮَﻠ َﺻ َنﻮُﻈِﻓﺎَﺤُﻳ ) ٩( َﻚِ َﻟوُأ ُُ َنﻮُﺛِرا َﻮْﻟا )١٠ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َنﻮُﺛ ِﺮَﻳ َسْوَدْﺮِﻔْﻟا ْ ُ ﺎَ ِﻓ َنوُ ِﻟﺪﺎَﺧ )١١ ( 23:1‐11 38. Every soul will be (held) In pledge for its deeds. 39. except the companions of the right hand.
40. (They will be) In Gardens (of delight): They will question Each other, 41. and (ask) of the sinners: 42. "What led you into Hell Fire?" 43. They will say: "We were not of those who prayed; 44. "Nor were we of those who fed the indigent; 45. "But we used to talk vanities with vain talkers; 46. "And we used to deny the Day of Judgment, 47. "Until there came to us (the hour) that is certain." ُّﻞُﻛ ٍﺲْﻔَﻧ ﺎ َﻤِﺑ ْﺖَﺒ َﺴَﻛ ٌ ﺔَﻨﻴِﻫ َر ) ٣٨ ( ﻻِإ َبﺎَﺤْﺻَأ ِﲔِﻤَﻴْﻟا ) ٣٩ ( ِﰲ ٍتﺎَّﻨَﺟ َنﻮُﻟَءﺎ َﺴَ َﻳ ) ٤٠( ِﻦَﻋ َﲔِﻣ ِﺮْﺠُﻤْﻟا ) ٤١( ﺎَﻣ ْﻢُﻜ َﻜَﻠ َﺳ ِﰲ َ ﺮَﻘ َﺳ ) ٤٢ ( اﻮُﻟﺎَﻗ ْﻢَﻟ ُﻚَﻧ َﻦِﻣ َﲔِّﻠ َﺼُﻤْﻟا ) ٤٣ ( ْﻢَﻟ َو ُﻚَﻧ ُﻢِﻌْﻄُﻧ َﲔِﻜ ْﺴِﻤْﻟا ) ٤٤ ( ﺎَّﻨُﻛ َو ُضﻮُﺨَﻧ َﻣ َﻊ َﲔ ِﻀِ ﺎَﺨْﻟا ) ٤٥ ( ﺎَّﻨُﻛ َو ُبِّﺬَﻜُﻧ ِم ْﻮَﻴِﺑ ِﻦﻳِّﻟﺪا ) ٤٦ ( ﻰَّﺘَﺣ ﺎَﻧﺎَﺗَأ ُﲔِﻘَﻴْﻟا ) ٤٧ ( 78:38‐47 • Chain Reaction – Domino Effect • Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah 1.03 The Description of Salah in the Qur’an Thus, have we made of you an Ummat justly balanced, that ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the Messenger a witness over yourselves; and we appointed the Qibla to which Thou was used, only to test those who followed the Messenger from those who would turn on their heels (from the Faith). Indeed it was (A change) momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never would Allah make your Faith of no effect. For Allah is to all people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful. ﺎَﻣ َو َنﺎَﻛ ُ َّﷲا َﻊﻴ ِﻀُﻴِﻟ ْﻢُﻜَﻧﺎَﻤﻳِإ 2:143 guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle prayer; and stand before Allah In a devout (frame of mind) َﲔِﺘِﻧﺎَﻗ ِ َّ ِﷲ اﻮُﻣﻮُﻗ َو 2:238 Verily, I am Allah. there is no god but I: so serve Thou me
(only), and establish regular prayer for celebrating My praise
ِﻢِﻗَأ َو َةﻼ َّﺼﻟا
ي ِﺮﻛِ ِﻟﺬْ
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And He hath made me Blessed wheresoever I be, and hath enjoined on me prayer and charity As long As I live ﺎًّﻴَﺣ ُﺖْﻣُد َﻣﺎ ِةﺎَﻛَّﺰﻟا َو ِةﻼ َّﺼﻟﺎِﺑ ِﺎ َﺻْوَأَو 19:31 Of their goods, take alms, that so Thou mightest purify and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. Verily Thy prayers are a source of security for them: and Allah is one who heareth and knoweth ْ ﺬُﺧ ْﻦِﻣ ْ ِ ِﻟا َﻮْﻣَأ ًﺔَﻗَﺪ َﺻ َﻄُﺗ ْ ُ ُﺮِّﻬ ْﻢِ ِّﻛَﺰُﺗ َو ﺎَ ِ ِّﻞ َﺻ َو ْﻢِ ْ َﻠَﻋ َّنِإ َﻚَﺗﻼ َﺻ ٌﻦَﻜ َﺳ ُْ َﻟ ُ َّﷲا َو ٌﻊﻴِ َ ٌ ِﻠ َﻋ ) ١٠٣ ( 9:103 1.04 What is Khushu’? • Definition of عﻮﺸﺧ – to feel humbled and overwhelmed in such a manner that the body exhibits the signs of this fear e.g. on that Day will They follow the Caller (straight): no
crookedness (can They show) him: all sounds shall humble themselves In the presence of ((Allah)) Most gracious: nothing shalt Thou Hear but the tramp of their feet (as They march) ِﺖَﻌ َﺸَﺧ َو ُتا َﻮْﺻﻷا ِﻦَ ْ َّﺮﻠِﻟ ﻼَﻓ ُﻊَﻤ ْﺴَ ﻻِإ ﺎ ًﺴ ْﻤَﻫ 20:108
their eyes will be cast down,‐ ignominy will cover them; seeing that They had been summoned aforetime to bow In adoration, while They were whole, (and had refused) ًﺔَﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ ْ ُ ُرﺎ َﺼْﺑَأ ُﻘَﻫ ْﺮَﺗ ُْ ٌ َّﻟﺔِذ 68:43 some faces, that Day, will be humiliated, ٌهﻮُﺟُو ٍﺬِ َﻣ ْﻮَﻳ ٌ ﺔَﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ 88:2 And among His Signs In this: Thou seest the earth barren
and desolate; but when we send down rain to it, it is stirred to life and yields increase. Truly, He who gives life to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. for He has power over all things ْﻦِﻣ َو ِﻪِﺗﺎَﻳآ َﻚَّﻧَأ ىﺮَﺗَ َض ْرﻷا ًﺔَﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ 41:39
Had we sent down This Qur'an on a mountain, Verily, Thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and cleave asunder for fear of Allah. such are the similitudes which we propound to men, that They may reflect ْﻮَﻟ ﺎَﻨْﻟ َﺰْﻧَأ اَﺬَﻫ َنآ ْﺮُﻘْﻟا َ َﻋ ٍﻞَﺒَﺟ ُﻪَﺘْﻳَأَﺮَﻟ ﺎًﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ 59:21 And Thou wilt see them brought forward to the (Penalty),
In a humble frame of mind because of (their) disgrace, (and) looking with a stealthy glance. and the believers will say: "Those are indeed In loss, who have given to perdition their own selves and those belonging to them on the Day of Judgment. Behold! truly the wrong‐doers are In a lasting Penalty!” ْ ُ ا َﺮَﺗَو َنﻮ ُﺿَ ُْﻳ ﺎَ ْ َﻠَﻋ َﲔِﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ َﻦِﻣ ِّلُّﻟﺬا َنوُﺮُﻈْﻨَﻳ ْﻦِﻣ ٍف ْﺮَﻃ ٍّﻲِﻔَﺧ 42:45 • Near‐synonyms of عﻮﺸﺧ:
فﻮﺧ ‐ Allah said, "Seize it, and fear not: we shall return it at
once to its former condition" ﺎَﻫ َلﺎَﻗ ْ ﺬُﺧ ﻻ َو ْﻒَﺨَﺗ ﺎَﻫُﺪﻴِﻌُﻨ َﺳ ﺎَ َ َﲑ ِﺳ َ وﻷا 20:21 ﺔﻴﺸﺧ ‐ And so amongst men and crawling creatures and cattle, are They of various colors. those truly fear Allah, among His slaves, who have knowledge: for Allah is Exalted In Might, Oft‐Forgiving ﺎ َﻤَّﻧِإ ﻰ َﺸْﺨَﻳ َ َّﷲا ْﻦِﻣ ِﻋ ِهِدﺎَﺒ ُءﺎَﻤَﻠُﻌْﻟا 35:28
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1.05 The Importance of Khushu’ نﻮﻨﻣﺆﻣ vs نﻮّﻠﺼﻣ 2. For, believers are those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a tremor In their hearts, and when They Hear His Signs rehearsed, find their Faith strengthened, and put (all) their trust In their Lord; 3. who establish regular prayers and spend (freely) out of the gifts we have given them for sustenance:
4. such In truth are the believers: They have grades of dignity with their Lord, and forgiveness, and generous sustenance ﺎ َﻤَّﻧِإ َنﻮُﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟا َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا اَذِإ َ ﺮِﻛُذ ُ َّﷲا ْﺖَﻠِﺟ َو ْﻢُ ُ ﻮُﻠُﻗ اَذِإ َو ْﺖَﻴِﻠُﺗ ْﻢِ ْ َﻠَﻋ ُﻪُﺗﺎَﻳآ ْﻢُ َْدا َز ﺎًﻧﺎ َﻤﻳِإ َ َﻋ َو ْﻢِ ِّ َر َنﻮُﻠَّﻛ َﻮَﺘَﻳ )٢ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َنﻮُﻤﻴِﻘُﻳ َةﻼ َّﺼﻟا ﺎَّﻤِﻣ َو ْ ُ ﺎَﻨْﻗَز َر َنﻮُﻘِﻔْﻨُﻳ )٣ ( َﻚِ َﻟوُأ ُُ ا َنﻮُﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟ ﺎًّﻘَﺣ ُْ َﻟ ٌتﺎَﺟَرَد َﺪْﻨِﻋ ْﻢِ ِّ َر ٌة َ ﺮِﻔْﻐَﻣ َو ٌق ْز ِر َو ٌ ِﺮَﻛ )٤ ( 8:2‐4
19. truly man was created very impatient;‐ 20. Fretful when evil touches him; 21. and miserly when good reaches him;‐ 22. not so those devoted to Prayer;‐ 23. those who remain steadfast to their prayer; 24. And those in whose wealth is a recognized right. 25. for the (needy) who asks and Him who is prevented (for some reason from asking); 26. and those who hold to the truth of the Day of judgment; 27. and those who fear the displeasure of their Lord,‐ 28. for their Lord's displeasure is the opposite of peace and Tranquility;‐ 29. and those who guard their chastity, 30. except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,‐ for (then) They are not to be blamed, 31. but those who trespass beyond This are transgressors;‐ 32. and those who respect their Trusts and covenants; 33. and those who stand firm In their testimonies; 34. and those who guard (the sacredness) of their worship;‐ 35. Such will be the honored ones In the Gardens (of Bliss). َّنِإ َنﺎ َﺴْﻹا َﻖِﻠُﺧ ﺎ ًﻋﻮُﻠَﻫ ) ١٩( اَذِإ ُﻪ َّﺴَﻣ ُّ َّ ﻟا ﺎ ًﻋوُﺰَﺟ ) ٢٠( اَذِإ َو ُﻪ َّﺴَﻣ ُْ ﲑَﺨْﻟا ﺎ ًﻋﻮُﻨَﻣ ) ٢١( ﻻِإ َﲔِّﻠ َﺼُﻤْﻟا ) ٢٢ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا ْ ُ َ َﻋ ْﻢِ ِ ﻼ َﺻ َنﻮُﻤِ اَد ) ٢٣ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ِﰲ ْ ِ ِﻟا َﻮْﻣَأ ٌ ّﻖَﺣ ٌمﻮُﻠْﻌَﻣ ) ٢٤ ( ِﻞِ ﺎ َّﺴﻠِﻟ وُﺮْﺤَﻤْﻟا َو ِم ) ٢٥ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو َنﻮُﻗِّﺪ َﺼُﻳ ِم ْﻮَﻴِﺑ ِﻦﻳِّﻟﺪا ) ٢٦ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْﻦِﻣ ِباَﺬَﻋ ْﻢِ ِّ َر َنﻮُﻘِﻔْﺸُﻣ ) ٢٧ ( َّنِإ َباَﺬَﻋ ْﻢِ ِّ َر ُْ ﲑَﻏ ٍنﻮُﻣْﺄَﻣ ) ٢٨ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْ ِ ِﺟوُﺮُﻔِﻟ َنﻮُﻈِﻓﺎَﺣ ) ٢٩ ( ﻻِإ َ َﻋ ْ ِ ِﺟا َوْزَأ ْوَأ ﺎَﻣ ْﺖ َﻜَﻠَﻣ ْﻢُ ُ ﺎَﻤْﻳَأ ْﻢُ َّ ِﺈَﻓ ُ ْ ﲑَﻏ َﲔِﻣﻮُﻠَﻣ ) ٣٠ ( ِﻦَﻤَﻓ ﻰَﻐَﺘْﺑا َءاَر َو َﻚِﻟَذ َﻚِ َﻟوُﺄَﻓ ُ ُ َنوُدﺎَﻌْﻟا ) ٣١ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْﻢِ ِ ﺎَﻧﺎَﻣﻷ ْ ِ ِﺪ ْﻬ َﻋ َو َنﻮُﻋاَر ) ٣٢ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ ْﻢِ ِ اَدﺎَﻬ َﺸِ َنﻮُﻤِ ﺎَﻗ ) ٣٣ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو ْ ُ َ َﻋ ْﻢِ ِ ﻼ َﺻ َنﻮُﻈِﻓﺎَﺤُﻳ ) ٣٤ ( َﻚِ َﻟوُأ ِﰲ ٍتﺎَّﻨَﺟ َنﻮُﻣَﺮﻜُﻣْ ) ٣٥ ( 70:19‐35
4. so woe to the worshippers 5. who are neglectful of their prayers, 6. those who (want but) to be seen (of men) ٌ ﻞْﻳ َﻮَﻓ َﲔِّﻠ َﺼُﻤْﻠِﻟ )٤ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا ْ ُ ْﻦ َﻋ ْﻢِ ِ ﻼ َﺻ َنﻮُﻫﺎ َﺳ )٥ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا ْ ُ ُءاَﺮُﻳ َنو )٦ ( 107:4‐6 نﺎﺴﺣإ vs ءﺎﻳر
the Hypocrites ‐ They think They are over‐ reaching Allah, but He will over‐ reach them: when They stand up to prayer, They stand without earnestness, to be seen of men, but Little do They hold Allah In remembrance َو اَذِإ اﻮُﻣﺎَﻗ َ ِإ ِةﻼ َّﺼﻟا اﻮُﻣﺎَﻗ َ ﺎ َﺴُﻛ َنوُءاَﺮُﻳ َسﺎَّﻨﻟا ﻻ َو َنوُﺮُﻛﺬَﻳْ َ َّﷲا ﻻِإ ﻼﻴِﻠَﻗ 4:142 That you worship Allah as if you see Him, for if you don't see Him then truly He sees you كاﺮﻳ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ هاﺮﺗ ﻦﻜﺗ ﻢﻟ نﺈﻓ ،هاﺮﺗ ﻚﻧﺄﻛ ﷲا ﺪﺒﻌﺗ نأ ﺚﺑﺪﺣ ﻞﻳﱪﺟ
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Degrees of Success
O ye who believe! bow down, prostrate yourselves, and Adore your Lord; and do good; that ye may prosper ﺎَﻳ ﺎَ َُّأ َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا اﻮُﻨَﻣآ اﻮُﻌَﻛ ْرا اوُﺪُﺠْﺳاَو اوُﺪُﺒْﻋاَو ْﻢُﻜَّﺑ َر اﻮُﻠَﻌْﻓاَو َْ ﲑَﺨْﻟا ْﻢُﻜَّﻠَﻌَﻟ َنﻮُﺤِﻠْﻔُﺗ ) ٧٧ ( 22:77 1. the believers must (eventually) win through, 2. those who humble themselves In their prayers ْﺪَﻗ َﺢَﻠْﻓَأ َنﻮُﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟا )١ ( َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا ْ ُ ِﰲ ْﻢِ ِ ﻼ َﺻ َنﻮُﻌ ِﺷﺎَﺧ )٢ ( 23:1‐2 نﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ لﺎﻗ : ﷲا لﻮﺳر ﺖﻌ لﻮﻘﻳ : )) ﺮﻣا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ،ﺎﻫءﻮﺿو ﻦﺴﺤﻴﻓ ،ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻜﻣ ةﻼﺻ هﺮﻀﺤﺗ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ئ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﺸﺧو ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﻗ ﺎﻤﻟ ةرﺎﻔﻛ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻻإ ﺎﻬﻋﻮﻛرو ، ﻢﻟ ﺎﻣ ،بﻮﻧﻟﺬا ّﻠﻪﻛ ﺮﻫﻟﺪا ﻚﻟذو ،ةﲑﺒﻛ ِتﺄﻳ (( هاور ﻢﻠﺴﻣ The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “There is no Muslim man who, when the time for a prescribed prayer comes, he does wudoo’ properly, has the proper attitude of khushoo’, and bows properly, but it will be an expiation for all his previous sins, so long as they were not major sins (kabeerah).And this is the case for life” (Reported by Muslim) 1.06 The Pre‐Requisites for Khushu’ • Change of Lifestyle: o Leaving Sins and Haram o Increase in Practice of Sunan and Mustahabbat o Decrease in vain and unnecessary indulgences o Increase in Recitation and Study of the Qur’an • Preparing for Salah: o Free yourself up o Perform Salah at the preferred times (no delaying) o Wudhu properly o Siwak or Miswak o Masjid o Adhan o Congregation o Relax o Ask for Allah’s help • While performing Salah: o Keep eyes fixed at prescribed places o Observe the postures of Salah properly o Focus on Meaning of what is recited in Salah 1.07 Our Approach to Salah Vocabulary • Study of Roots, Conjugations, and Derivatives • Near Synonyms and Implications of Word Choice • Usage of the Word in Qur’an and Sunnah • Sentence Structure and Eloquence • Deeper Meanings
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2
Opening
2.01 The Takbeer ُ ّﷲَا ُ َﱪﻛأ ْ Allah is the Greatest ‐ ُ ّﷲَا ُ َﱪﻛَأْ • ﻟﺔﻼﺠﻟا ﻆﻔﻟ ‐ تاﻟﺬا ﻢﺳإ : Difference of opinion about the origin of the word ّﷲا 1. Not derived from any root, rather the unique name of the Divinity 2. Derived from either one of the following roots: a) ُ َﻟﻪْﺄَﻳ َ َﻟﻪَأ ‐ to worship, to be enslaved to b) ُ ِﻠﻪَﻳ َ ِﻟﻪ َو ‐ to be overwhelmed by shock or amazement c) ُﻪْﻴِﻠَﻳ , ُهْﻮُﻠَﻳ َهَﻻ – to create, to be high, to be hidden * Rule: in Arabic a word is assumed to be jamid unless proven otherwise • ﺨﻔﺗ ‐ full‐mouth • Comparative – not Superlative and open‐ended? 2.02 Opening Supplications َُّ ّٰﻠﻟا ْﺪ ِﻋﺎﺑ ْﻲِﻨْﻴَﺑ َ ْ ﲔَﺑ َو َيﺎﻳﺎﻄَﺧ ﺎﻤَﻛ َتْﺪَﻋﺎﺑ َﲔَﺑْ ِقِ ْ َﻤْﻟا ِبِ ْ َﻤْﻟا َو ، َُّ ّٰﻠﻟا ْﻲِﻨِّﻘَﻧ ْﻦِﻣ َﺧ َﺎﻳﺎﻄ ﺎﻤَﻛ َي ﻰَّﻘَﻨُﻳ ُب ْﻮَّﺜﻟا ْﺑﻷا َﻴ ُ ﺾ ِﻣ َﻦ َّﻟﺪا َ ِﺲ َُّ ّٰﻠﻟا ْﻏا ِﺴ ْ ﻠ ِﻨ ْﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ َيﺎﻳﺎﻄ ِﺑ ْ ﻟﺎ ِءﺎﻤ َّﺜﻟاو ْ ﻠ ِﺞ َ َﱪﻟاو ِد O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white robe is purified of filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice.’ ﻠﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﲔﺑو يﺎﻳﺎﻄﺧ Your comments here ﺎﻤﻛ تﺪﻋﺎﺑ ﲔﺑ ق ﻤﻟا ب ﻤﻟاو ﻠﻟا ﻲﻨﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ يﺎﻳﺎﻄﺧ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻰﻘﻨﻳ بﻮﺜﻟا ﺾﻴﺑﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺲ ﻟﺪا ﻠﻟا ﻲﻨﻠﺴﻏا ﻦﻣ يﺎﻳﺎﻄﺧ ءﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ9
ﺞﻠﺜﻟاو دﱪﻟاو • ّ ﻠﻟا - double uniqueness • ﲔﺑ - 3 implications: 1. قاﱰﻓإ - separation 2. ﺪﻌﺑ - distance 3. حﻮﺿو - clarity • ب ﻣ - wordplay • Eloquence of the Prophet (pbuh) and the use of Imagery ِﺪ ْﻤَﺤِﺑ َو َُّ ّٰﻠﻟا َﻚَﻨٰﺤْﺒُﺳ َكُﲑَﻏ َْ ٰﻟﻪإﻵَو َكُّﺪَﺟ ٰ ﺎﻌَﺗ َو َﻚُ ْ ا َكَرﺎﺒَﺗ َو َك
How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name, and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be worshipped except You. ﻚ ا كرﺎﺒﺗو ك ﺪﻤﺤﺑو ﻠﻟا ﻚﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ Your comments here كﲑﻏ ﻟﻪإ ﻻو كﺪﺟ ﺎﻌﺗو • نﺎﺤﺒﺳ ‐ o Linguistically, 2 opinions: 1. Foreign word 2. From the root of ح ب س ‐ to swim o Islamically – to proclaim Allah to be far and free from any shortcomings or blemishes • Function and usage of the letter ب • Grammatical understanding of كﺪﻤﺤﺑو • Definition and Concept of Barakah • Spiritual implications of ﻚ ا كرﺎﺒﺗو • Deeper meaning of ﺎﻌﺗ
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• ﲑﻏ – wordplay َو َّﺟ ْﻬ ُﺖ َو ْﺟ ِﻬ َ ﻲ ِﻟ ِ َّﻠﺬ ْي َﻓ َﻄ َ ﺮ َّﺴﻟا ٰﻤ ِتاﻮ َو َ ْ ﻷا ْر َض َﺣ ِﻨ ْﻴ َو ًﺎﻔ ِﻣ ﺎﻧأ ﺎﻣ َﻦ ْ ﻟا ُﻤ ِ ْ ِﻛ َ ْ ﲔ ِإ ، َّن َﺻ ْ ِﻼ َو ِﻜ ُﺴُ ْﻲ َو َﻣ ْﺤ َيﺎﻴ َو َﻣ ْ ِﺎﻤ ِ ّٰ ِﷲ َر ِّب ْ ﻟا َﻟﺎﻌ ِﻤ َ ْ ﲔ َﺷ ﻻ ، ِﺮ ْﻳ َﻚ ُ َﻟﻪ َو ِﺑ ٰﺬ ِﻟ َﻚ ُأ ِﻣ ْﺮ ُت َو َأ ِﻣ ﺎﻧ َﻦ ْ ﻟا ُﻤ ْﺴ ِﻠ ِﻤ َْ ﲔ I have turned my face sincerely towards He who has brought forth the heavens and the Earth and I am not of those who associate (others with Allah). Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah, Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with this I am commanded and I am of the Muslims ﺖﻬﺟو ﻲﻬﺟو يﻠﺬﻟ ﺮﻄﻓ تاﻮﻤﺴﻟا ضرﻷاو ًﺎﻔﻴﻨﺣ ﺎﻣو ﺎﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻤﻟا ﲔﻛ نإ ﻼﺻ ﻲﻜ ُﺴُو يﺎﻴﺤﻣو ﺎﻤﻣو ﷲ بر ﲔﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻻ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ﻟﻪ ﻚﻟﺬﺑو تﺮﻣأ ﺎﻧأو ﻦﻣ ﲔﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟا • Grammatical use of wajh • ﺮﻄﻓ and its near synonyms: أرذ ﺄﺸ أ عﺪﺑ أﺮﺑ ﻖﻠﺧ • Deeper meaning of hanif and its derivatives • 3:67 ‐ Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian; but He was true In Faith, and bowed His will to Allah’s (which is Islam), and He joined not gods with Allah ﺎَﻣ َنﺎَﻛ ُ ِﻫاﺮْﺑِإَ ًّﻳِدﻮُ َ ﺎ ﻻ َو ﺎًّﻴِﻧاَﺮْﺼَﻧ ْﻦ ِﻜَﻟ َو َنﺎَﻛ ﺎًﻔﻴِﻨَﺣ ﺎًﻤِﻠ ْﺴُﻣ ﺎَﻣ َو َنﺎَﻛ َﻦِﻣ َﲔِﻛِ ْ ُﻤْﻟا ) ٦٧ ( • Combination of ﻼﺻ and ﻲﻜ ُﺴُ • يﺎﻴﺤﻣ from ةﺎﻴﺣ (hayat) ‐ wordplay • Balance of Ibrahim’s statement
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2.03 Isti’adhah ِ ْ ِﺟَّﺮﻟا ِنﺎﻄْﻴ َّﺸﻟا َﻦِﻣ ِﷲﺎﺑ ُذْﻮُﻋأ I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one ﻪﺜﻔﻧو ﻪﺨﻔﻧو هﺰﻤﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺟﺮﻟا نﺎﻄﻴﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﷲﺎﺑ ذﻮﻋأ I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one, from his madness, his arrogance, and his poetry ذﻮﻋأ ﷲﺎﺑ ﻦﻣ نﺎﻄﻴﺸﻟا ﺟﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ هﺰﻤﻫ ﻪﺨﻔﻧو ﻪﺜﻔﻧو • 16:98 ‐ when Thou dost read the Qur'an, seek Allah’s protection from Satan the rejected one. اَذِﺈَﻓ َتْأ َ ﺮَﻗ َنآ ْﺮُﻘْﻟا ْ ﺬِﻌَﺘْﺳﺎَﻓ ِ َّﷲﺎِﺑ َﻦِﻣ ِنﺎَﻄْﻴ َّﺸﻟا ِ ِﺟَّﺮﻟا ) ٩٨ ( • Dual threat – dual solution
o 2 enemies: 6:112 ‐ likewise did we make for every Messenger an enemy, ‐ evil ones among men and jinns, inspiring Each other with flowery discourses by way of deception. If Thy Lord had so planned, they would not have done it: so leave them and their inventions alone. َﻚِﻟَﺬَﻛ َو ﺎَﻨﻠَﻌَﺟْ ِّﻞُﻜِﻟ ٍّﻲِﺒَﻧ ا ًّوُﺪَﻋ َﲔِﻃﺎَﻴَﺷ ِﺲْﻹا ِّﻦِﺠْﻟا َو ِ ﻮُﻳ ُْ ُﻀْﻌَﺑ َ ِإ ٍﺾْﻌَﺑ َفُﺮْﺧُز ِل ْﻮَﻘْﻟا ا ًروُ ُ ْﻮَﻟ َو َءﺎَﺷ َﻚُّﺑ َر ﺎَﻣ ُهﻮُﻠَﻌَﻓ ْ ُ ْرَﺬَﻓ ﺎَﻣ َو َنوُ َﱰْﻔَﻳ ) ١١٢ ( o 2 solutions: a) 41:34 ‐ nor can goodness and evil be equal. Repel (evil) with what is better: then will He between whom and Thee was hatred become as it were Thy friend and intimate! ﻻ َو ي ِﻮَﺘ ْﺴَ ُﺔَﻨ َﺴَﺤْﻟا ﻻ َو ُﺔَﺌِّﻴ َّﺴﻟا ْﻊَﻓْدا ﻲِﺘَّﻟﺎِﺑ َ ﻲ ِﻫ ُﻦ َﺴْﺣَأ اَذِﺈَﻓ يِ َّﻟﺬا َﻚَﻨْﻴَﺑ ُﻪَﻨْﻴَﺑ َو ٌة َواَﺪَﻋ ُﻪَّﻧَﺄَﻛ ٌّ ِ َو ٌ ِ َ ) ٣٤ ( b) 23:97‐98 ‐ and say "O My Lord! I seek refuge with Thee from the suggestions of the evil ones. And I seek refuge with Thee O My Lord! Lest they should come near me." ْ ﻞُﻗ َو ِّب َر ُذﻮُﻋَأ َﻚِﺑ ْﻦِﻣ ِتا َﺰَﻤَﻫ ِﲔِﻃﺎَﻴ َّﺸﻟا ) ٩٧ ( ُذﻮُﻋَأ َو َﻚِﺑ ِّب َر ْنَأ ِنوُﺮُﻀْﺤَﻳ ) ٩٨ ( • When feeling angry or fighting evil thoughts or inclinations
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2.04 The Basmalah ِﻢ ْﺴِ ِ َّﷲا ِﻦَ ْ َّﺮﻟا ِ ِﺣَّﺮﻟا )١ ( In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ِ ِﺣَّﺮﻟا ِﻦَ ْ َّﺮﻟا ِ َّﷲا ِﻢ ْﺴِ • ءﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷاﻦﻨﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻠﺔﻤﺴ ﻟا • Origin of ﻢﺳإ ‐ 2 opinions: o From the root of و م س ‐ to elevate o From the root of م س و ‐ to brand or mark • Deeper meanings of the words نﺎ ر and ﺣر : o لﺪﺑ (substitutes) or ﺖﻌﻧ (adjectives)? o Difference between them: a) Both words are indicative of abundance in mercy. However, نﺎ ر is greater than ﺣر b) نﺎ ر ‐ merciful to believers and unbelievers in this world ﺣر ‐ merciful specifically to the believers in this world and the hereafter c) نﺎ ر ‐ alludes to abundance of mercy ﺣر ‐ indicates constancy in mercy • Hadith: “Any act of significance that is not started by saying Bismillah is devoid of blessing.”
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3
Phrases
3.01 Remembrance in the Ruku’ ُﺳ ْﺒ َنﺎﺤ َر َ ِّﺑﻲ ْ ﻟا َﻌ ِﻈ ِ ْ How perfect my Lord is, The Supreme ‐ نﺎﺤﺒﺳ ر ﺑﻲ ﻈﻌﻟا • Implications of ﻈﻋ • Difference between ﲑﺒﻛ and ﻈﻋ • Association of t’adhim with ruku’ ُﺳ ُّﺒ ْﻮ ٌح ُﻗ ُّﺪ ْو ٌس َر ُّب ْ ﻟا َﻤ ِ ﻼ َﻜ ِﺔ ُّﺮﻟاو ْو ِح Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angels and the Ruuh (i.e. Jibraa’eel) ‐ حﻮﺒﺳ سوﺪﻗ بر ﻼﻤﻟا ﺔﻜﺋ حوﺮﻟاو • Sequence of subbuhun, quddusun • Connection between subbuhun, quddusun: 1. حﻮﺒﺳ ‐ words, سوﺪﻗ ‐ actions 2. حﻮﺒﺳ ‐ deeds, سوﺪﻗ ‐ belief 3. حﻮﺒﺳ ‐ describing Allah himself, سوﺪﻗ ‐ describing how we should worship Allah • Origin of the word ﺔﻜﺋﻼﻣ (mala’ikah) • Comprehensiveness and versatility of the word حور (ruh) • حور ‐ wordplay14
ُﺳ ْﺒ َنﺎﺤ ِذ ْي ْ ﻟا َﺠ ُ َﱪ ْو ِت َو ْ ﻟا َﻤ َﻠ ُﻜ ْﻮ ِت ْ ﻟاو ِﻜ ِْﱪ ِءﺎﻳ ْ ﻟاو َﻌ َﻈ َﻤ ِﺔ How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence and grandeur ﺤﺒﺳ نﺎ يذ توﱪﺠﻟا تﻮﻜﻠﻤﻟاو ءﺎﻳﱪﻜﻟاو ﺔﻤﻈﻌﻟاو • Deeper meaning of the word ﱪﺟ (jabr) and its derivatives • ﻲﻨﻌﻤﻟا ﺪﻳﺰﻳ فوﺮﺤﻟا ةدﺎﻳﺰﺑ ‐ by increasing the letters in a derivative the meaning increases • تﻮﻜﻠﻣ (malakut) in the Qur’an 3.02 Standing up from Ruku’ ِ َ َﻊ ُﷲا ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ ِ َ َﺪ ُه May Allah answer he who praises Him ‐ هﺪ ﻦﻤﻟ ﷲا ﻊ • ﻊ (sami’a) – wordplay ) ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ( َر ﺎﻨَّﺑ ) َو ( َﻟ َﻚ ْ ﻟا َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ (O Allah) Our Lord, (and) for You is all praise ‐ ﻠﻟا ﺎﻨﺑر و ﻚﻟ ﺪﻤﺤﻟا • 4 narrations ْ َ َﻛ ًاﺪ ِﺜ ْ ﲑ َﻃ ًا ِّﻴ ُﻣ ًﺎﺒ َرﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ًﺎﻛ an abundant beautiful blessed praise ‐ ًاﺪ ًاﲑﺜﻛ ًﺎﺒﻴﻃ ًﺎﻛرﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ
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• Benefits of ﻖﻠﻄﻣ لﻮﻌﻔﻣ (maful mutlaq) • Derivatives of ﺮﺜﻛ in the Qur’an • Versatility of ﺐﻴﻃ and its usage in the Qur’an and Sunnah e.g. o 2:168, 39:73, 13:29, 7:58, 22:24, 35:10, 24:26, 3:38, 14:24, 16:97, 61:12, 5:5 o ﺐّﻴﻄﻤﻟا ﺐّﻴﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺒﺣﺮﻣ :رﺎ ّﻤﻌﻟ ﷲا لﻮﺳر لﺎﻗ o ﺎﺘﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﻃو ﺎﻴﺣ ﺖﺒﻃ ﻲﻣأو ﺖﻧأ ﺑﻲﺄﺑ :ﻲﺒﻨﻟا ﰲﻮﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑأ لﺎﻗ o ءﺎﺑ ﻠﻟ ﺑﻰﻮﻄﻓ ِﻣ ْ ﻞ َء َّﺴﻟا ٰﻤ ِتاﻮ َو ِﻣ ْ ﻞ َء َ ْ ﻷا ْر ِض َو َﺑ ﺎﻣ ْﻴ ُ َ ﺎﻤ َو ِﻣ ْ ﻞ َء ِﺷ ﺎﻣ ْﺌ َﺖ ِﻣ ْﻦ ْ َ ٍء َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺪ The heavens and the Earth and all between them abound with Your praises, and all that You will abounds with Your praises ءﻞﻣ تاﻮﻤﺴﻟا ءﻞﻣو ضرﻷا ﺎﻣو ﺎﻤ ﻴﺑ ءﻞﻣو ﺎﻣ ﺖﺌﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺊﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ • ﻸﻣ (mala’) – ruling party or group • ءﺎﺷ ‐ appropriate usage and near synonyms: ﺐﻏر ﻲﻐﺑ ﻰ ﺷإ دارأ 3.03 Remembrance in the Sujud ُﺳ ْﺒ َنﺎﺤ َر ِّﺑﻲ َﻷا ْﻋ ٰ How perfect my Lord is, The Most High ‐ ﻋﻷا ﺑﻲر نﺎﺤﺒﺳ • Correlation between the posture of Sujud and what is said in it
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3.04 Supplication between the Sujud ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ ْﻏا ِﻔ ْﺮ ْ ِ َو ْرا ْ َ ِﻨ ْﻲ َو ْﻫا ِﺪ ْ ِ َو ْﺟا ْ ُﱪ ْ ِ ِﻓﺎﻋو ِﻨ ْﻲ َو ْرا ُز ْﻗ ِﻨ ْﻲ ْراو َﻓ ْﻌ ِﻨ ْﻲ O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, enrich me, give me health, grant me sustenance and raise my rank ﺪﻫاو ﻲﻨ راو ﺮﻔﻏا ﻠﻟا ﻲﻨﻌﻓراو ﻲﻨﻗزراو ﻲﻨﻓﺎﻋو ﱪﺟاو • ﺮﻔﻏ ‐ near synonyms: ﺔّﻄﺣ ﺮّﻔﻛ زوﺎﺠﺗ قّﺪﺼﺗ ﺢﻔﺻ ﻮﻔﻋ • ﺮﻔﻏ ‐ wordplay • ﺔﻳاﺪﻫ ‐ wordplay • ﻮﻔﻋ – real meaning: o (٩٩) ا ًرﻮُﻔَﻏ ا ًّﻮُﻔَﻋ ُ َّﷲا َنﺎَﻛ َو ْﻢُ ْ َﻋ َﻮُﻔْﻌ َﻳ ْنَأ ُ َّﷲا ﻰ َﺴَﻋ َﻚِ َﻟوُﺄَﻓ 4:99 ‐ for these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: for Allah doth Blot out (sins) and forgive again and again. o "ءﺎﺤﻠﻟا اﻮﻔﻋاو ":ﺔﻨﺴﻟا ﰲو ‐ “leave your beards” o راﻟﺪا ﺖﻔﻋ : لﺎﻘﻳو ‐ “the house was abandoned” • Broadness of the word قزر ‐ o (٥) َنﻮُﻠِﻘْﻌ َﻳ ٍمْﻮَﻘِﻟ ٌتﺎَﻳآ ِحﺎَﻳِّﺮﻟا ِﻒﻳ ِﺮ ْﺼَﺗَو ﺎَ ِ ْﻮَﻣ َﺪْﻌَﺑ َضْرﻷا ِﻪِﺑ ﺎَﻴْﺣَﺄَﻓ ٍقْزِر ْﻦِﻣ ِءﺎَﻤَّﺴﻟا َﻦِﻣ َُّﷲا َلَﺰْﻧَأ ﺎَﻣَو ِرﺎَ َّ ﻟا َو ِﻞْﻴَّﻠﻟا ِفﻼِﺘْﺧاَو 45:5 ‐ and In the alternation of night and Day, and the fact that Allah Sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and In the change of the winds,‐ are Signs for those that are wise. o (٨٢) َنﻮ ُﺑِّﺬَﻜُﺗ ْﻢُﻜَّﻧَأ ْﻢُﻜَﻗْزِر َنﻮُﻠَﻌْﺠَﺗَو 56:82 ‐ and have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false? o (٢٢) َنوُﺪَﻋﻮُﺗ ﺎَﻣ َو ْﻢُﻜُﻗْزِر ِءﺎَﻤ َّﺴﻟا ِﰲ َو 51:22 ‐ and In heaven is your sustenance, As (also) that which ye are promised. • ﻊﻓر ‐ wordplay
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4
Sitting
4.01 Testimony of Faith There are multiple narrations regarding the Tashahhud with minor variations. Tashahhud of Ibn Masud – دﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﻦﺑإ ﺪﻬﺸ ِ ّٰ ِﷲ ُتﺎّﻴِﺤَّﺘﻟا ، ُتاﻮَﻠ َّﺼﻟا َو َّﻄﻟاو ، ِّﻴ ُتﺎﺒ َّﺴﻟا ، ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َأ َ ُّ َّﻨﻟا ﺎ ِﺒ ُّﻲ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ِ ّٰﷲا ُﺗﺎﻛﺮﺑو ُﻪ، َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َو ﺎﻨ َﻋ ٰ ِﻋ ِدﺎﺒ ِ ّٰﷲا ّﺼﻟا ِﻟﺎ ِﺤ َ ْ ﲔ َأ ، ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن ّﻻ ِإ َٰﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُ ّٰﷲا َو ، َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ َّن ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ َﻋ ًاﺪ ْﺒ ُﺪ ُه َو َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُُﻟﻪ All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. تﺎﻴﺤﺘﻟا ﷲ تاﻮﻠﺼﻟاو تﺎﺒﻴﻄﻟاو مﻼﺴﻟا ﻚﻴﻠﻋ ﺎ أ ﻲﺒﻨﻟا ﺔ رو ﷲا ﻪﺗﺎﻛﺮﺑو مﻼﺴﻟا ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻋو دﺎﺒﻋ ﷲا ﲔﺤﻟﺎﺼﻟا ﺪﻬﺷأ نأ ﻻ ﻟﻪإ ﻻإ ﷲا ﺪﻬﺷأو نأ ًاﺪﻤﺤﻣ هﺪﺒﻋ ﻟﻪﻮﺳرو • تﺎﻴﺤﺗ ‐ ﺔﻴﺤﺗ ﻊ (pl. tahiyyah) , story in regards to its meaning • Deeper meaning of first 4 words تﺎﺒﻴﻄﻟاو ،تاﻮﻠﺼﻟاو ،ﷲ تﺎﻴﺤﺘﻟا • 2nd person in the greeting on the Prophet (pbuh) ﻚﻴﻠﻋ مﻼﺴﻟا • Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah18
• Nabi and Rasul • Salam: meaning, method, difference, and wordplay • Praying for yourself • دﺎﺒﻋ ‐ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻊ (pl. ‘abd ) , 2 different plurals and their usage • Importance of Righteousness and Brotherhood/Sisterhood • Shahadah, its meaning and a strong message Tashahhud of Ibn Abbas – سﺎّﺒﻋﻦﺑإ ﺪﻬﺸ َّﺘﻟا ِﺤ ّﻴ ُتﺎ ُﻤﻟا َرﺎﺒ ُتﺎﻛ َّﺼﻟا َﻠ ُتاﻮ َّﻄﻟا ِّﻴ ُتﺎﺒ ِ ّٰ ِﷲ َﺳ ٌمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َأ ُّ َّﻨﻟا ﺎ ِﺒ ُّﻲ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ِ ﷲا َو َﺑ َ ﺮ ُﺗﺎﻛ ُﻪ َﺳ ٌمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َو ﺎﻨ َﻋ ٰ ِﻋ ِدﺎﺒ ِﷲا ّﺼﻟا ِﻟﺎ ِﺤ َ ْ ﲔ , َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن ِإ ﻻ َٰﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُﷲا , َو َأ َّن ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ًاﺪ َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُل ِﷲا All compliments, blessed words, prayers, pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah تﺎﻛرﺎﺒﻤﻟا مﻼﺳ ﷲا لﻮﺳر Tashahhud of Ibn Umar – ﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﺑإ ﺪﻬﺸ َّﺘﻟا ِﺤ ّﻴ ُتﺎ ِ ِﷲ , َّﺼﻟا َﻠ ُتاﻮ َّﻄﻟا ِّﻴ ُتﺎﺒ , َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َأ ُّ َّﻨﻟا ﺎ ِﺒ ُّﻲ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ِﷲا َو َﺑ َ ﺮ ُﺗﺎﻛ ُﻪ َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َو ﺎﻨ َﻋ ٰ ِﻋ ِدﺎﺒ ِﷲا ّﺼﻟا ِﻟﺎ ِﺤ َ ْ ﲔ , َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن ِإ ﻻ َٰﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُﷲا َو ْﺣ َﺪ ُه َﺷ ﻻ ِﺮ ْﻳ َﻚ ُ َﻟﻪ َو َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ َّن ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ًاﺪ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ُه َو َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُُﻟﻪ All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone, He has no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger ﻪﺗﺎﻛﺮﺑو هﺪﺣو ﻻ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ﻟﻪ
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Tashahhud of Abu Musa – ي ﺷﻷا ﻮﻣ ﺑﻲأ ﺪﻬﺸ َّﺘﻟا ِﺤ َّﻴ ُتﺎ َّﻄﻟا ِّﻴ ُتﺎﺒ ﻟا َّﺼ َﻠ ُتاﻮ ِ ِﷲ , َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َأ ُّ َّﻨﻟا ﺎ ِﺒ ُّﻲ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ِﷲا َو َﺑ َ ﺮ ُﺗﺎﻛ ُﻪ, َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َو ﺎﻨ َﻋ ٰ ِﻋ ِدﺎﺒ ِﷲا ّﺼﻟا ِﻟﺎ ِﺤ َ ْ ﲔ َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن ّﻻ ِإ َٰﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُﷲا َو َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ َّن ُﻣ َﺤ هﺪﺒﻋ اﺪﻤ ﻟﻪﻮﺳرو All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger • ﻒﻃﺎﻌﻟا فﺬﺣ ﺪﺋاﻮﻓ ‐ Tashahhud of Umar ibn al‐Khattab – بﺎﻄﺨﻟا ﻦﺑ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺪﻬﺸ َّﺘﻟا ِﺤ َّﻴ ُتﺎ ِ ِﷲ , ّﺰﻟا ِﻛا ُتﺎﻴ ِ ِﷲ , َّﻄﻟا ِّﻴ ُتﺎﺒ َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻚ َأ ُّﺎ َّﻨﻟا ِﺒ ُّﻲ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ِ ّﷲا َو َﺑ َ ﺮ ُﺗﺎﻛ ُﻪ َّﺴﻟا ، ُمﻼ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َو ﺎﻨ َﻋ ٰ ِﻋ ِدﺎﺒ ِﷲا ّﺼﻟا ِﻟﺎ ِﺤ َْ ﲔ َأ ، ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ ْن ِإ ﻻ َٰﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُﷲا َو ، َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ َأ َّن ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ َﻋ ًاﺪ ْﺒ ُﺪ ُه َو َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُُﻟﻪ All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger. تﺎﻴﻛاﺰﻟا 4.02 Salutations on the Prophet (pbuh) ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ َﺻ ِّﻞ َﻋ ٰ ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ٍﺪ َو َﻋ ٰ َ ِلآ ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ٍﺪ َﻛ ، َﺻ ﺎﻤ َّﻠ ْﻴ َﺖ َﻋ ٰ ِإ ْﺑ ِﻫاﺮ َ ْ َو ، َﻋ ٰ ِلآ ِإ ْﺑ ِﻫاﺮ َ ْ ِإ ، َّﻧ َﻚ ِ َ ْﻴ ٌﺪ َﻣ ِﺠ ْﻴ ٌﺪ ّٰﻠﻟا ، َُّ ِرﺎﺑ ْ ك َﻋ ٰ ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ٍﺪ َو َﻋ ٰ ِلآ ُﻣ َﺤ َّﻤ ٍﺪ َﻛ َرﺎﺑ ﺎﻤ ْ ﻛ َﺖ َﻋ ٰ ِإ ْﺑ ِﻫاﺮ َْ َو ، َﻋ ٰ ِلآ ِإ ْﺑ ِﻫاﺮ َْ ِإ َّﻧ َﻚ ِ َ ْﻴ ٌﺪ َﻣ ِﺠ ْﻴ ٌﺪ
O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon Ibrahim and upon the followers of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. ﻠﻟا ﻞﺻ ﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻋو لآ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺖﻴﻠﺻ ﻋ ﻫاﺮﺑإ ﻋو لآ ﻫاﺮﺑإ ﻚﻧإ ﺪﻴ ﺪﻴﺠﻣ كرﺎﺑ ﺖﻛرﺎﺑ
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• ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ‐ Meaning, history, and presence in the Qur’an • Difference between ﻞﻫأ (ahl) and لآ (aal)
He it is who Sends blessings on you, As do His angels, that He may bring you out from the depths of darkness into Light: and He is full of Mercy to the believers. َﻮُﻫ ِ َّﻟﺬا ي ّ ِ َﺼُﻳ ْﻢُﻜْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪُﺘَﻜِ ﻼَﻣ َو ْﻢُﻜَﺟ ِﺮْﺨُﻴِﻟ َﻦِﻣ ِتﺎَﻤُﻠُّﻈﻟا َ ِإ ِرﻮُّﻨﻟا َنﺎَﻛ َو َﲔِﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟﺎِﺑ ﺎًﻤﻴِﺣ َر ) ٤٣ ( 33:43 Allah and His angels send blessings on the prophet: O ye that believe! Send ye blessings on him, and salute Him with all respect. َّنِإ َ َّﷲا ُﻪَﺘَﻜِ ﻼَﻣ َو َنﻮُّﻠ َﺼُﻳ َ َﻋ ِّﻲِﺒَّﻨﻟا ﺎَﻳ ﺎَ َُّأ َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا اﻮُﻨَﻣآ اﻮُّﻠ َﺻ ِﻪْﻴَﻠَﻋ اﻮُﻤِّﻠ َﺳ َو ﺎًﻤﻴِﻠ ْﺴَ ) ٥٦ ( 33:56 • Comparison of 2 Ayah
• Difference between ةﻼﺻ (salat) and مﻼﺳ (salam) regarding the Prophet (pbuh)
4.03 Supplication before Taslim ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ﺎَﻨِﺗآ ِﰲ ﺎَﻴْﻧُّﻟﺪا ًﺔَﻨ َﺴَﺣ ِﰲ َو ِة َﺮِﺧﻵا ًﺔَﻨ َﺴَﺣ ﺎَﻨِﻗ َو َباَﺬَﻋ ِرﺎَّﻨﻟا "Our Lord! Give us good In This world and good In the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment of the Fire!" ًﺔَﻨ َﺴَﺣ ﺎَﻴْﻧُّﻟﺪا ِﰲ ﺎَﻨِﺗآ ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ِرﺎَّﻨﻟا َباَﺬَﻋ ﺎَﻨِﻗ َو ًﺔَﻨ َﺴَﺣ ِة َﺮِﺧﻵا ِﰲ َو • ءﺎﺘﻳإ vs ءﺎﻄﻋإ • ﺎﻴﻧد vs ةﺮﺧآ
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• ﺔﻨﺴﺣ ‐ meaning, common? • باﺬﻋ ‐ origin and insight into linguistics • Redundant in the end? ِّب َر ﻲِﻨْﻠَﻌْﺟا َ ِﻘُﻣ ِةﻼ َّﺼﻟا ْﻦِﻣ َو ِّرُذ ﻲِﺘَّﻳ ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ْ ﻞَّﺒَﻘَﺗ َو ِءﺎ َﻋُد ) ٤٠( ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ْﺮِﻔْﻏا ِ َّيَ ِﻟﺪا َﻮِﻟ َو َﲔِﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤﻠِﻟ َوْ َمْﻮَﻳ ُمﻮُﻘَﻳ ُبﺎ َﺴِﺤْﻟا ) ٤١( 14:40. O My Lord! Make me one who establishes regular prayer, and also (raise such) among My offspring O Our Lord! And Accept Thou My Prayer.
41. "O Our Lord! Cover (Us) with Thy forgiveness ‐ me, My parents, and (all) believers, on the Day that the reckoning will be established! ِّب َر ﻲِﻨﻠَﻌْ ْﺟا َ ِﻘُﻣ ِةﻼ َّﺼﻟا ْﻦِﻣ َو ﻲِﺘَّﻳ ِّرُذ ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ْ ﻞَّﺒَﻘَﺗ َو ِءﺎ َﻋُد ﺎَﻨَّﺑ َر ْﺮِﻔ ْﻏا ِ َّيَ ِﻟﺪا َﻮِﻟ َو َﲔِﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻠِﻟ َو َمْﻮَﻳ ُمﻮُﻘَﻳ ُبﺎ َﺴِﺤْﻟا • ﻞﻌﺟ (j’ala) vs ﻖﻠﺧ (khalaqa) • ةﻼﺼﻟا ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ (iqamat‐us‐salah) – implications • Why only some? • ﻞّﺒﻘﺗ (taqabbal) vs ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳإ (istajabah) • Attitude of the believer • ءﺎﻋد (dua) vs ءاﺪﻧ (nida) • ناﻟﺪاو (walidan) vs ناﻮﺑأ (abawan)
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ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ ِإ ْ ِّ َﻇ َﻠ ْﻤ ُﺖ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴ ْﻲ ُﻇ ْ ﻠ َﻛ ًﺎﻤ ِﺜ ْ ﲑ َو ،ًا َﻳ ﻻ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ ُّﻟﺬا ُﻧ ْﻮ َب ِإ ّﻻ َأ ْﻧ َﺖ َﻓ ، ْﻏﺎ ِﻔ ْﺮ ْ ِ َﻣ ْﻐ ِﻔ َ ﺮ ًة ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨ ِﺪ َك َو ْرا ْ َ ِﻨ ْﻲ ِإ َّﻧ َﻚ َأ ْﻧ َﺖ ْ ﻟا َﻐ ُﻔ ْﻮ ُر َّﺮﻟا ِﺣ ُ ْ O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can forgive sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself and have mercy upon me. Surely, You are The Most‐Forgiving, The Most‐Merciful. ﻠﻟا إ ﺖﻤﻠﻇ ﻲﺴﻔﻧ ًﺎﻤﻠﻇ ًاﲑﺜﻛ ﺮﻔﻐﻳ ﻻو ا بﻮﻧﻟﺬ ﻻإ ﺖﻧأ ﺮﻔﻏﺎﻓ ةﺮﻔﻐﻣ ﻦﻣ كﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻨ راو ﻚﻧإ ﺖﻧأ رﻮﻔﻐﻟا ﺣﺮﻟا • ﻢﻠﻇ (zhulm) – deeper meaning • ﺲﻔﻧ (nafs) – wordplay • ﺐﻧذ (dhanb) – deeper meaning • Story of this Dua ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ ِإ ْ ِّ َأ ُﻋ ْﻮ ُذ ِﺑ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ ِباﺬ ْ ﻟا َﻘ ِْﱪ َو، ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ ِباﺬ َﺟ َﻬ َ َّ َو ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻓ ْﺘ َﻨ ِﺔ ْ ﻟا َﻤ ْﺤ َو ﺎﻴ ْ ﻟا َﻤ ِتﺎﻤ َو، ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺷ ِّﺮ ِﻓ ْﺘ َﻨ ِﺔ ْ ﻟا َﻤ ِﺴ ْﻴ ِﺢ َّﻟﺪا َّﺟ ِلﺎ ﺔﻳاور ﰲو : َا َُّ ﻠﻟ ِإ ِّ َأ ُﻋ ْﻮ ُذ ِﺑ َﻚ ِﻣ َﻦ ْ ﻟا َﻤ ْ ﺄ ِ َ َو ْ ﻟا َﻤ َ ْ ِم O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life and death and from the evil affliction of the Al‐Masih Ad‐Dajjal. In one narration (additionally): O Allah, I take refuge in You from sin and debt. ﻠﻟا إ ﻚﺑ ذﻮﻋأ ﻦﻣ باﺬﻋ ﱪﻘﻟا ﻦﻣو باﺬﻋ ﺟ ﻬ ﻦﻣو ﺔﻨﺘﻓ ﺎﻴﺤﻤﻟا تﺎﻤﻤﻟاو ﻦﻣو ﺮﺷ ﺔﻨﺘﻓ ﺢﻴﺴﻤﻟا لﺎﺟﻟﺪا ﻠﻟا إ
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ﻚﺑ ذﻮﻋأ ﻦﻣ ﺄﻤﻟا م ﻤﻟاو 4.04 Taslim َا َّﺴﻟ َﻼ ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ َو َر َْ ُﺔ ّﷲا Peace and Allah’s Mercy be on you ‐ ﷲا ﺔ رو ﻢﻜﻴﻠﻋ مﻼﺴﻟا 4.05 Supplication and Remembrance after Taslim َأ ْﺳ َﺘ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ َﷲا ) ًﺎﺛﻼﺛ ( I ask Allah for forgiveness ‐ ﺮﻔﻐﺘﺳأ ﷲا • What’d I do wrong? ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ َأ ْﻧ َﺖ َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َو ، ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ َّﺴﻟا ُمﻼ َﺗ ، َرﺎﺒ ْ ﻛ َﺖ ْ ﻟا اذ ﺎﻳ َﺠ ِلﻼ ِﻹاو ْ ﻛ ِماﺮ O Allah, You are As‐Salaam and from You is all peace, blessed are You, O Possessor of majesty and honor ﻠﻟا ﺖﻧأ مﻼﺴﻟا ﻚﻨﻣو مﻼﺴﻟا ﺖﻛرﺎﺒﺗ ﺎﻳ اذ لﻼﺠﻟا ماﺮﻛﻹاو • Attribute of Allah ّٰﻠﻟا َُّ ِﻧﺎﻣ ﻻ َﻊ ِﻟ َأ ﺎﻤ ْﻋ َﻄ ْﻴ َﺖ ُﻣ ﻻو ْﻌ ِﻄ َ ﻲ ِﻟ َﻣ ﺎﻤ َﻨ ْﻌ َﺖ َﻳ ﻻو ْﻨ َﻔ ُﻊ ْ ﻟا اذ َﺠ ِّﺪ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﻚ َﺠﻟا ُّﺪ O Allah, none can prevent what You have willed to bestow and none can bestow what You have willed to prevent, and no wealth or majesty can benefit anyone, as from You is all wealth and majesty. ﻠﻟا ﻻ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺖﻴﻄﻋأ ﻻو ﻲﻄﻌﻣ ﻤﻟ ﺎ ﺖﻌﻨﻣ ﻊﻔﻨﻳ ﻻو
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اذ ﺪﺠﻟا ﻚﻨﻣ ﺪﺠﻟا ُﺳ ْﺒ َنﺎﺤ ِﷲا َو ، ْ ﻟا َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِ ِﷲ َو ، ُ ّﷲا َأ ْ ﻛ ُ َﱪ ) ﲔﺛﻼﺛو ًﺎﺛﻼﺛ ( ِإ ﻻ َﻟﻪ ِإ ّﻻ ُﷲا َو ْﺣ َﺪ ُه َﺷ ﻻ ِﺮ ْﻳ َﻚ ُ َﻟﻪ ُ َﻟﻪ ، ْ ﻟا ُﻤ ْ ﻠ ُﻚ َو ُ َﻟﻪ ْ ﻟا َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋ ٰ ُﻛ ِّﻞ ْ َ ٍء َﻗ ِﺪ ْﻳ ٌﺮ None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and praise and He is over all things omnipotent ﻻ ﻟﻪإ ﻻإ ﷲا هﺪﺣو ﻻ ﻚﻳﺮﺷ ﻟﻪ ﻚﻠﻤﻟا ﻟﻪ ﺪﻤﺤﻟا ﻟﻪو ﻮﻫو ﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺊﺷ ﺮﻳﺪﻗ • Universal message • ﻚﻠُﻣ (mulk) vs ﻚﻠِﻣ (milk) • Beautiful combination
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5
Qunut
5.01 Supplication of Qunut َ َو َﲑَﺨْ ْﻟا َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ْﻰِﻨْﺜُﻧ َو َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻞَّﻛَﻮَﺘَﻧ َو َﻚِﺑ ُﻦِﻣﺆﻧ َو َكُﺮِﻔْﻐَﺘْﺴَ َو َﻚُﻨْﻴِﻌَﺘ ْﺴَ ﺎَّﻧِا َُ َّﻠﻟا ُﻊَﻠُﺨَﻧ َو َكُﺮُﻔﻜَﻧ َﻻ َو َكُﺮُﻜْ ْﺸ َكُﺮُﺠْﻔّﻳ ْﻦَﻣ ُكُﱰَﻧ َوْ . ُﺪُﺠ ْﺴَ َو ْ ِّ َﺼُﻧ َﻚَﻟ َو ُﺪُﺒْﻌَﻧ َكﺎَّﻳِا َُّ َّﻠﻟا ْﻮُﺟ ْﺮَﻧ َو ُﺪِﻔْﺤَﻧ َو ﻰٰﻌ ْﺴَ َﻚْﻴَﻟِا َو ٌﻖِﺤْﻠُﻣ ِرﺎَّﻔُﻜْﻟﺎِﺑ َﻚَﺑاَﺬَﻋ َّنِا َﻚَﺑاَﺬَﻋ ﻰ ٰﺸْﺨَﻧ َو َﻚَﺘَ ْ َر O Allah! We seek Your assistance and ask for Your guidance, and we beseech Your forgiveness and return to You in repentance. We cherish faith in You and place our trust in You. We attribute all goodness to You. We are grateful to You and refuse to be ungrateful to You. We abandon and forsake all those who reject You. O Allah, You alone we worship, unto You alone we pray; unto You alone we prostrate, and for You alone we strive. Unto You alone we flee for refuge. We cherish hope in Your mercy and we fear Your retribution. Verily, Your punishment is bound to catch up with those who reject the truth. َُ َّﻠﻟا ﺎَّﻧِا َﻚُﻨْﻴِﻌَﺘ ْﺴَ َكُﺮِﻔْﻐَﺘْﺴَ َو ُﻦِﻣﺆﻧ َو َﻚِﺑ ُﻞَّﻛ َﻮَﺘَﻧ َو َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ْﻰِﻨْﺜُﻧ َو َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ َْ ﲑَﺨْﻟا َكُﺮُﻜْﺸَ َو َكُﺮُﻔﻜَﻧ َﻻ َوْ ُﻊَﻠُﺨَﻧ َو ُكُﱰَﻧ َوْ ْﻦَﻣ َكُﺮُﺠْﻔّﻳ ا َُّ َّﻠﻟ َكﺎَّﻳِا ُﺪُﺒْﻌَﻧ َﻚَﻟ َو ْ ّ ِ َﺼُﻧ ُﺪُﺠ ْﺴَ َو َﻚْﻴَﻟِا َو ﻰٰﻌ ْﺴَ ُﺪِﻔْﺤَﻧ َو ْﻮُﺟ ْﺮَﻧ َو َﻚَﺘَ ْ َر ﻰ ٰﺸْﺨَﻧ َو َﻚَﺑاَﺬَﻋ َّنِا َﻚَﺑاَﺬَﻋ ِرﺎَّﻔُﻜْﻟﺎِﺑ ٌﻖِﺤﻠُﻣْ • نﻮﻋ (‘awn) vs ﺮﺼﻧ (nasr) • Complete abandonment • 3 Levels: That man can have nothing but what He strives for ْنَأ َو َﺲَْﻟ ِنﺎ َﺴْﻺِﻟ ﻻِإ ﺎَﻣ ﻰَﻌ َﺳ ) ٣٩ ( 53:39 And those who strive In Our (cause), we will certainlyguide them to Our paths: for Verily Allah is with those who do right. َﻦﻳِ َّﻟﺬا َو اوُﺪَﻫﺎَﺟ ﺎَﻨﻴِﻓ ْﻢُ َّ َﻳِﺪَْ َﻟ ﺎَﻨَﻠُﺒُﺳ َّنِإ َو َ َّﷲا َﻊَﻤَﻟ َﲔِﻨ ِﺴْﺤُﻤْﻟا ) ٦٩ ( 29:69 O Thou man! Verily Thou art ever toiling on towards Thy Lord‐ painfully toiling, but Thou shalt meet Him. ُنﺎ َﺴ ﺎَ َُّأﺎَﻳ ْ ﻹا َﻚَّﻧِإ ٌحِدﺎَﻛ َ ِإ َﻚِّﺑ َر ﺎًﺣْﺪَﻛ ُﻤَﻓ ِﻪﻴِﻗﻼ )٦ ( 84:6
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ْﻋأ ﺎ َﻤﻴِﻓ ِ ك ِرﺎَﺑ َو ، َﺖْ ْﻴَّﻟَﻮَﺗ ْﻦَﻤِﻓ ﻲِﻨَّﻟ َﻮَﺗ َو ، َﺖْﻴَﻓﺎَﻋ ْﻦَﻤِﻴِﻓ ﻲِﻨِﻓﺎَﻋَو ،ﺖْﻳَﺪَﻫ ْﻦَﻤﻴِﻓ ِ ِﺪْﻫا َُّ َّﻠﻟا ْﻦَﻣ ُّلِﺬَﻳ ﻻ ُﻪَّﻧإ ،َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ﻰ َﻀْﻘُﻳ ﻻ َو ﻲ ِﻀْﻘَﺗ َﻚَّﻧﺈَﻓ ، َﺖْﻴ َﻀَﻗ ﺎَﻣ َّﺮَﺷ ﻲِﻨِﻗَو ، َﺖْﻴَﻄ َﺖْﻴَﻟا َو َو َﻻ َﺖْﻳَدﺎَﻋ ْﻦَﻣ ُّﺰِﻌَﻳ َﺖْﻴَﻟﺎَﻌَﺗ َو ﺎَﻨَّﺑَر َﺖﻛ َرﺎَﺒَﺗْ O Allah, guide me along with those whom You have guided, pardon me along with those whom You have pardoned, be an ally to me along with those whom You are an ally to and bless for me that which You have bestowed. Protect me from the evil You have decreed for verily You decree and none can decree over You. For surety, he whom You show allegiance to is never abased and he whom You take as an enemy is never honored and mighty. O our Lord, Blessed and Exalted are You. َُّ َّﻠﻟا ِ ِﺪْﻫا ْﻦ َﻤﻴِﻓ ﺖْﻳَﺪَﻫ ﻲِﻨِﻓﺎ َﻋ َو ْﻦ َﻤِﻴِﻓ َﺖْﻴَﻓﺎَﻋ ﻲِﻨَّﻟ َﻮَﺗ َو ْﻦ َﻤِﻓ َﺖْﻴَّﻟ َﻮَﺗ ْ ك ِرﺎَﺑ َو ِ ﺎ َﻤﻴِﻓ َﺖْﻴَﻄْﻋأ ﻲِﻨِﻗ َو َّﺮَﺷ ﺎَﻣ َﺖْﻴ َﻀَﻗ َﻚَّﻧﺈَﻓ ﻲ ِﻀْﻘَﺗ ﻰ َﻀْﻘُﻳ ﻻ َو َﻚْﻴَﻠَﻋ ُﻪَّﻧإ ﻻ ُّلِﺬَﻳ ْﻦَﻣ َﺖْﻴَﻟا َو َﻻ َو ُّﺰِﻌَﻳ ْﻦَﻣ َﺖْﻳَدﺎَﻋ َﺖﻛ َرﺎَﺒَﺗْ ﺎَﻨَّﺑَر َﺖْﻴَﻟﺎَﻌَﺗ َو • Singular vs Plural
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6
Supplemental Material
6.01 A Study of the Hadith Qudsi: Surah al‐Fatihah لﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﻋ ﷲا ﻲﺿر ةﺮﻳﺮﻫ ﺑﻲأ ﻦﻋ : ﷲا لﻮﺳر ﺖﻌ -ﻢﻠﺳو ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲا ﺻ - لﻮﻘﻳ : ﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا لﺎﻗ : Narrated Abu Hurayrah: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) declare that Allah the Exalted had said: I have divided the prayer into two halves between Me and My slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for. لﺄﺳ ﺎﻣ يﺪﺒﻌﻟو ﲔﻔﺼﻧ يﺪﺒﻋ ﲔﺑو ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ةﻼﺼﻟا ﺖﻤﺴﻗ • Salat = Fatihah When the slave says: Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, Allah the Most High says: My slave has praised Me. ﺪﺒﻌﻟا لﺎﻗ اذﺈﻓ : ، ﲔﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟا بر ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟا ﺗ ﷲا لﺎﻗ ﺎﻌ : يﺪﺒﻋ ﺪ • Relationship of Rab and ‘abd • ﺪ vs حﺪﻣ and ﺮﻜﺷ • ﷲ ﺪﻤﺤﻟا ‐ the most perfect, complete, exclusive, timeless, limitless, natural, emphatic, and heartfelt method of praising Allah And when he (the slave) says: The Most Compassionate, the Merciful, Allah the Most High says: My slave has lauded Me. لﺎﻗ اذإو : ، ﺣﺮﻟا ﻦ ﺮﻟا ﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا لﺎﻗ : يﺪﺒﻋ ﻋ ﻰﻨﺛأ • Meaning of Rahman and Rahim • Benefits of Sequence • Meaning of Thana When he (the slave) says: Master of the Day of Judgment, He remarks: My slave has glorified Me, and in a narration He says: My slave entrusted (his affairs) to Me. لﺎﻗ اذإو : ، ﻦﻳﻟﺪا مﻮﻳ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ لﺎﻗ : ، يﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﺠﻣ ةﺮﻣ لﺎﻗو : يﺪﺒﻋ إ ضﻮﻓ • 2 recitations: ﻚﻠﻣ and ﻚﻟﺎﻣ • Meaning of Din • Meaning of Tamjid and progression of praise and glorification • A lesson about praise When he (the worshipper) says: Thee do we worship and of Thee do we ask help, He (Allah) says: This is between Me and My slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for. لﺎﻗ اذﺈﻓ : ﺪﺒﻌﻧ كﺎﻳإ ، ﲔﻌﺘﺴ كﺎﻳإو لﺎﻗ : لﺄﺳ ﺎﻣ يﺪﺒﻌﻟو يﺪﺒﻋ ﲔﺑو ﻲﻨﻴﺑ اﺬﻫ • Transition to 2nd person28