MODERN BEE KEEPING AND HONEY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

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Written By :

EIRI Consultants and Engineers

4449, Nai Sarak, Main Road, Delhi-110 006 (India)

E-Mail : eiritechnolo

KEEPING AND HONEY

PROCESSING

TECHNOLOGY

© Copy Reserved by Sudhir Gupta, Delhi

ISBN : 978-81-39765-14-9

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Preface

Honeybees are true social insects that live in large colonies of 10 to 100

thousand. They belong to the animal group "Insecta" which ordinarily are

known for their solitary existance, high reproductive capacity, very functional

and protective body structure and the habit of persistence. Every one has

heard of the story of "Spider and King Bruce" in a cave where he saw her

make seven attempts to reach the ceiling. Spiders are first cousins of insects

and are very similar in habits. Owing to their solitary existance almost all

insects are subject to the theory of chance for their survival under given

circumstances. However, social honeybees are different, since they have to

live in colonies, maintain a certain temperature for rearing their young ones

and stock sufficient food stores for themselves and their progeny. The presence

of food being prominent in their house (combs), and they having stock of

sweet honey, are in constant danger of attack from wild animals and man.

They are evolved for a specialized life of different castes and "functions" and

they are also in possessions of defence mechanisms to combat the attacks

of enemies.

The book 'Modern Bee Keeping & Honey Processing Technology'

covers various methods including Honey, Introductory, Life of the Honey

Bee, Species of Bee Keeping, Site Selection and Arrangement of Apiary,

Beehive, Food Gathering by Bees, Beekeeping, Management of Bee Colonies,

Pest Management and Diseases, Extraction of Honey & Processing, Honey

Extraction, Quality of Honey, Equipments, Economics of Bee-keeping, Honey

Based Formulations, Flavour Formulations based on Honey, Honey a

Miraculous Food, Hard Honey Cider, Hard Cider Formulae, Plant Economics

Honey Processing & Packing & Plant Economics of Bee Keeping.

The book has been written for the benefit and to prove an asset and a

handy reference guide in the hands of new entrepreneurs and well established

industrialists.

Director

Nai Sarak, Main Road,

Delhi-110 006 (India)

CONTENTS AND SUBJECT INDEX

Chapter Page No. Chapter Page No.

1

Honey

1-4

- Adulteration of Honey 2 - Fiehe's Test 2 - Other Test to be Applied to 3

Honey Specific Rotation

- Sucrose 3 - Reducing Sugars 3 - Microscopic Examination 3 - Honey 3 - Chemicals for Flavour Matching 3 - Uses and Notes 4

2

Introductory

5-10

3

Life of the Honey Bee

11-29

- Caste System 11 - Body Structure 13 - Life History 19 - Jobs of Worker Bees 20 - Doings of a Drone 22 - The Remarkable Queen Bee 22 - Swarming 25 - Communication Among Bees 26

4

Species of Bee Keeping 30-36

- Species of Honey Bee 30 - Indian Bee 30 - Rock Bee 31 - Little Bee 31 - Italian Bee 31 - Colony Organization 31 - Queen 31 - Worker 32 - Drone 33 - Development of Honey Bee 33 - How to Differntiate Castes? 33 - What is a Colony Nest? 34 - How do Bees Communicate 34

with each other?

- What are the useful Products 35 produced by Bee - Bee-wax 36 - Bee-venom 36 - Royal Jelly 36 - Pollen 36 - Propolis 36 5

Bee-Pasturage

37-41

6

Site Selection and

42-49

Arrangement of Apiary

- Criteria for Selection of Beehive 42 - What is an Apiary? 45 - Location of an Apiary 45 - Bee Equipment 46 - Arrangement of beehives 48 7

Beehive

50-52

- Different Sources of Honey Bees 50 - Purchase of Honey Bee Colony 50 - Precautions 50 - Procedure 51 - Sub Unit 4b: Multiplication of 51

of Colonies Materials Required - Procedure 51

8

Food Gathering by Bees 53-58

- Requirements of a Colony 53 - Foraging by the Bees 54 - Factors Influencing Field Activity 55 - Bee Flora 57

9

Bee Keeping

59-64

- Tools and Equipment 59 - Placement of Colonies 60 - From where the get Bee 61

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- Settling Down a New Colony 62 - Combining Two colonies 62 - Dividing and Multiplying Colonies 63 - Bee Poisioning 64

10

Management of Bee

65-67

Colonies

- Relevant Information 65 - What is Seasonal Management? 65 - Management of Bees During 66

Different Seasons

- What is Dearth Period? 67 - How does the Dearth 67

Period affect Bees?

- How can the Dearth 67 Period be Detected?

- What is Swarming? 67 - How Swarming can be prevented 67

11

Pest Management

68-70

and Diseases

- Pests of Bees 68 - Bacterial Diseases 69 - Viral Diseases 69 - Predators 70 - Effect of Pesticide Poisoning 70

12

Extraction of Honey

71-74

& Processing

- How to Store Extracted Honey? 71 - Marketing of Honey 72 - Precautions 72 - Extraction of Honey 73 - Materials Required 73 - Procedure 73 - Processing of Extracted Honey 74 - Materials Required 74 - Procedure 74 13

Honey Extraction

75-76

14

Quality of Honey

77-80

15

Equipments

81-93

- Introduction 81 - Hiving Equipment 81 - Hive 81 - Open hlves 81 - Traditional hives 82 - Pottery hive 82 - Basket hive 82 - Horizontal hive 83 - Wall hive 83 - Top bar hives 83 - Langstrath hive 83 - Principle of bee space 83 - Principle of population 84 - Construction of Longstroth Hive 84 - Stand 84 - Bottom board 84 - Brood chamber 84 - Standard frame 85 - Self spacing frame 85 - Staple spacing frame 85 - Super 86 - Inner cover 86 - Top cover 86 - Sloping top cover 86 - Flat top cover 86 - Swarm Catching Equipments 86 - Swarm catcher 86 - Queen cage 87 - Other Equipments 87 - Queen introduction cage 87 - Queen excluder 87 - Smoker 88 - Hive tool 88 - Bee veil 88 - Overall 88 - Gloves 88 - Bee brush 88 - Feeding Equipments 89 - Top feeder 89 - Division board feeder 89 - Syrup filled combs 89 - Additional Hive Equipments 89 - Dummy or Division Board 89 - Bee-escape 89 - Porter bee-escape or spring 90

bee-escape

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- Wire gauze cone escape 90 - Comb Foundation 90 - Selection 90 - Fixing 91 - Honey Extracting Equipments 91 - Tangential type 91 - Parallel radial type 92

16

Economics of

94-96

Bee-keeping

17

Honey Based

97-99

Formulations

- Honey Cakes 97 - Honey Flavour 97 - Honey Flavour Essence 97 - Honey Fruit Filling (Cream Type) 98 - Honey Glaze 98 - Doughnut Honey Glaze 98 - High Ratio Honey 98

Macaroon Cake

- Honey Macaroom lcing 98 - Honey Nut Topping 99

18

Flavour Formulations 100-103

based on Honey

- Honey, Imitation No. 1 100 - Honey, Imitation No. 2 100 - Honey, Imitation No. 3 100 - Honey, Imitation No. 4 101 - Honey, Imitation No. 5 101 - Honey, Imitation No. 6 101 - Honey, Imitation No. 7 101 - Honey, Synthetic No. 8 102 - Honey, Synthetic No. 9 102

(For Perfumes)

- Honey, Synthetic No. 10 102 (For Perfumes)

- Honey, Synthetic No. 11 103 - Honey, Synthetic No. 12 103

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Honey a Miraculous

104-109

Food

- Honey butter 107 - Honey Mango Squash 107 - Honey Jam 107 - Honey Candy 107 - Honey and Egg 107 - Honey Ice Cream 108 - Honey Chocolate 108 - Honey Chikki 108 - Honey Jelly 108 - Carrot salad with honey 108 - Honey lamon squash 108 - Uses of by-products of Bees 108 - Bee Pollen 109 - Propolis 109 - Royal Jelly or Bee Milk 109 - Bee Wax 109 - Bee Venom 109

20

Hard Honey Cider

110-114

- What is hard cider? 110 - Where did hard cider originate? 110 - Honey's advantages in 111

hard cider

- Making hard honey cider 112 - Milling and Pressing 112 - Fermentation 113

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Hard Cider Formulae

115-118

- Bit O' Honey Cyser 115 - Ingredients for five gallons 115 - Procedure 115 - Ingredients for five gallons 116 - Procedure 116 - Ginger Honey Cider 116 - Ingredients for five gallons 116 - Procedure 116 - Strokes Sensational 117

Elderberry Cider

- Procedure 117 - Herb's Happy Honey Cider 118 - Ingredients for five gallons 118 - Procedure 118

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Chapter Page No. Chapter Page No. 22

Plant Economics

119-120

Honey Processing

& Packing

- Land and Building 119 - Plant and Machinery 119 - Fixed Capital 120 - Raw Materials 120 - Total Working Capital/Annum 120 - Total Capital Investment 120 - Turn Over / Annum 120

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