Commercial vs. Backyard

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Pest Control Techniques for

the Backyard Orchard

Shawn A. Steffan

Extension IPM Project Dept. of Biology, USU

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Good Resources

• www.extension.usu.edu/ipm

• www.extension.usu.edu/insectpath

• www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/default.html

• Common Sense Pest Control (Olkowski et al) • USU Home Orchard Pest Management Guide • Pests of the Garden and Small Farm

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Fundamentals for any garden or

backyard orchard:

1. Identify and Suppress the pest(s)

• Learn how to find and identify pests

• Understand that rarely can you eradicate them • Use inexpensive, non-disruptive approaches

2. Prevent pest problems in the first place

• Intercept the pest in fall, winter, spring • Plant resistant varieties

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Monitoring tools and techniques

• Yellow sticky traps

• Two-sided Scotch tape • Tanglefoot

• Pheromone traps

• Flashlight/headlamp for nighttime scouting

• Slice a pear, peach, or apple and re-visit

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Dealing with common infestations

• Aphids within curled leaves

• Codling moths within fruit

• Armyworms and

cutworms underground • Wood borers in apples,

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Arthropod Pest Suppression

• Hand-pick the eggs, caterpillars, aphids, earwigs

• Trim off shoots that are totally infested

• Water--briskly applied to leaf tops and undersides • Recognize the good guys

– Aphid mummies

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Non-OP Pest Suppression

• If a chemical spray is necessary:

– Insecticidal soap

– Rubbing alcohol as a spreader – Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

– Horticultural oil – Neem oil

– Imidacloprid (watered in) for apples, pears, crabs, roses, and ornamental tree or shrubs

– Pyrethroids (esfenvalerate, permethrin, lamda-cyhalothrin)

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An Ounce of Prevention

• Row-covers for fruiting vegetables or leafy

vegetables (using

organdy/screen materials) • Banding trees with

cardboard strips • Bag the fruit

• BugBarrier (for spider mite, root weevil, plum curculio, cutworms)

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Tree Fruit Particulars

• Dormant applications for tree fruit are critical

• For peaches, Bt at bloomtime

• Viral formulations for CM • For pear psylla and aphids:

kaolin clay.

• Lime-sulfur repellent to many leafroller moths.

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Anarsia

lineatella

Peach Twig Borer

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Twig Borer Life Cycle

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Typical Fruit Damage

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2003 Peach Twig Borer Flight Pattern 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 6-Ma y 20-M ay 3-Ju n 17-J un 1-Ju l 15-Ju l 29-J ul 12-A ug 26-A ug 9-Sep ₂₃-S ep 7-Oc t Date N ig h tl y M o th s T rap -cat ch /D at e

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413 608 Average: 4863 Overall: 201 402 Lincoln Pt. 41.5 83 Genola 91 91 N. Santaquin 30 60 Santaquin 9.5 19 Payson 128 256 Kaysville 282 564 Willard 1694 3388 Perry Per-Trap Total PTB Site

Trapping Results: 2003

• • Total PTB: Total PTB: 4,8634,863 •

• Average per trap: Average per trap: 413413

–

– Duration: AprilDuration: April- -October

October

•

• Ave. Ave. per blockper block: : 608608

–

– Boxelder County: 1,976 Boxelder County: 1,976 –

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Peach Harvest Damage (%)

0

10

20

30

Pays on Linc oln P t. Perry_Willa rd Kays ville San taqu in Geno la

PTB

Thrips

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2003 Shoot Strike Counts

0.00 0.00 Genola Peaches 0.00 0.00 Santaquin Peaches 0.12 0.04 Kaysville Peaches 0.00 0.01 Willard Peaches 26.80 2.30 Perry Peaches 0.50 0.06 Lincoln Pt. Nectarines 0.00 0.00 Payson Peaches Harvest Damage (%) Mean Strikes/tree Orchard Site

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Key Elements for Management

•

• Overwinters as a larva in Overwinters as a larva in hibernacula

hibernacula

•

• 33--4 generations/year4 generations/year •

• First generation targets First generation targets succulent shoots.

succulent shoots.

•

• 22ndnd _{and 3}_{and 3}rdrd _generations_generations

target fruit.

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Degree

-

Days (DDs) for Each Stage

•

• Total required for a generation: Total required for a generation: 1,092.6 1,092.6 DDsDDs

–

– PrePre--ovipositingovipositingAdult: Adult: 50.4 50.4

–

– OvipositingOvipositingAdult: Adult: 124.2124.2

– – Egg: Egg: 165.6165.6 – – Larva: Larva: 464.4464.4 – – Pupa: Pupa: 288.0288.0 5% _13% 5% 47% 30%

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Translate DDs into Biology

•

• PTB larvae require PTB larvae require 33--55

shoots to complete their

development.

•

• Residence timeResidence time per shoot:per shoot:

–

– 464 DDs / # shoots464 DDs / # shoots

–

– between 155 and 93 DDs between 155 and 93 DDs

per shoot. per shoot.

•

• Assuming warm Assuming warm

temperatures (~22 DDs

per day), the residence time

is:

–

– 44--7 days per shoot7 days per shoot

–

– larva will likely be larva will likely be ““rere-

-surfacing

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2003 PTB Flight and DD Accumulations

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 13-May 28-M ay 10-J un 23-J un 9-Ju l 22-J ul 5-A ug 21-A ug 3-S ep 9-O ct Date D e gr e e -D a y Tot a ls 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 M o th s /ni ght DD Total Moths/night

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Egg

-

hatch Relative to Date

(based on DD model projections)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 13-M ay 20-M ay 28-M ay 2-J un 10-Ju n 17-J un 23-J un 1-Ju l 9-Ju l 15-Ju l 22-J ul 29-J ul 5-Au g 12-Au g 21-Au g 28-A ug 3-Se p 17-Se p 9-O ct 23-O ct Date % E g g-ha tc h 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 Mot h s /ni ght % egg-hatch Moths/night 1st gen starts 2nd gen starts 3rd gen starts

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Strategies for 2004

•

• Accurate trapping is key to Accurate trapping is key to precision in management.

precision in management.

•

• Average DDs for first moth Average DDs for first moth emergence in 2003:

emergence in 2003:

–

– 367 367 ±± 53 DDs53 DDs

–

– get traps out ~ 250 DDs to get traps out ~ 250 DDs to ensure reliable biofix.

ensure reliable biofix.

•

• 340340--640 is likely peak egg640 is likely peak egg--hatch hatch window for 1

window for 1stst _generation._generation.

•

• First generation sprays may need First generation sprays may need to be initiated at 300

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On the Horizon in 2004

•

• As more and more orchards are abandoned or neglected, As more and more orchards are abandoned or neglected, beware of:

beware of:

–

– Greater Peachtree BorerGreater Peachtree Borer

–

– Giant CA Giant CA PrionusPrionus BeetleBeetle

–

– ShotholeShothole BorersBorers

•

• For more information on tree borers, see recent talks by Dr. For more information on tree borers, see recent talks by Dr. Alston at:

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Tree Borer Management

(courtesy Diane Alston, March 3rd, 2004)

• Trunk Protection

– Timing is critical (northern Utah)

• Ash/Lilac borer – May 1- late June • Bronze birch borer – late May – June • Aspen borer – May-July

• Peachtree (Crown) borer – late June – August • Poplar-and-Willow borer – July – Sept.

• Locust borer – August – Sept.

• Shothole borer – June and late Sept.

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Thank you

• Shawn Steffan, 435-797-0776 – [email protected] – cell phone: 435-770-9566