Auditing Non TMF Applications

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SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

Auditing Non TMF Applications

Auditing Non TMF Applications

Escort

Escort

AutoTMF

AutoTMF

Product Overview

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SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

Carr Scott Software Inc.

Carr Scott Software Inc.

u

u Founded in 1995 as Tandem spinFounded in 1995 as Tandem spin--off companyoff company

l

l Founders: Dr. Richard Carr and Harry ScottFounders: Dr. Richard Carr and Harry Scott

l

l R&D and support coR&D and support co--located in Compaq Cupertino campuslocated in Compaq Cupertino campus

u

u Separate corporation Separate corporation -- no financial ties to Compaqno financial ties to Compaq

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u Continued very close working relationship with CompaqContinued very close working relationship with Compaq

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u Growing customer base (approx. 50 NSK installations)Growing customer base (approx. 50 NSK installations)

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u Carr Scott Software is 100% Himalaya focusedCarr Scott Software is 100% Himalaya focused

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u Both endBoth end--users and 3rd parties benefit from Escort technologyusers and 3rd parties benefit from Escort technology

u

u Four main productsFour main products

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l EscortEscortvvSQLSQL

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l EscortEscortvvAutoTMFAutoTMF

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l EscortEscortvvAutoSYNCAutoSYNC

Ranger

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Escort

Escort

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Technology Benefits

Technology Benefits

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u Upgrade existing applications without rewritingUpgrade existing applications without rewriting

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l No source code requiredNo source code required

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l Low risk, fast implementation using User Library intercept Low risk, fast implementation using User Library intercept

technology

technology

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u Advanced use of existing technologyAdvanced use of existing technology

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l Use only Himalaya standard interfaces and productsUse only Himalaya standard interfaces and products

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l No privileged code, no SUPER access requiredNo privileged code, no SUPER access required

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l Not OS version dependent (any OS that is D30 or higher)Not OS version dependent (any OS that is D30 or higher)

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l Any RISC platform (K or SAny RISC platform (K or S--series Himalaya)series Himalaya)

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u Proven approachProven approach

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The Problem

The Problem

–

–

Non or Partially Audited Applications

Non or Partially Audited Applications

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u NonStop TM/MP (a.k.a. TMF) has great advantagesNonStop TM/MP (a.k.a. TMF) has great advantages

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l Online backups for 24 X 7 availabilityOnline backups for 24 X 7 availability

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l Data recoveryData recovery

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l Improved application performanceImproved application performance

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l Efficient and reliable replication with RDF,Efficient and reliable replication with RDF, ShadowbaseShadowbase, etc., etc.

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u Nearly half of the existing applications on Himalaya systems areNearly half of the existing applications on Himalaya systems are not not

coded to use TMF

coded to use TMF

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u Even most TMFEven most TMF--aware applications do not protect all filesaware applications do not protect all files

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l Incomplete replication and disaster protectionIncomplete replication and disaster protection

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u ReRe--programming to use TMF is daunting and riskyprogramming to use TMF is daunting and risky

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TMF / RDF

Himalaya to Himalaya replication

• I/Os done block at a time, direct to DP2 (not record by record thru file system)

• Low overhead, implemented near the metal (TMF, RDF & DP2 all low level)

• High-performance, real-time update to backup (2.5MB per second updaters)

• Compaq +25 years of data integrity experience

DB

Primary node Duplicate

node DP2 Extractor Updaters Expand Receiver DB Compaq NonStop™ TM/MP M.A.T. Image trails AutoTMF APP

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TMF / Shadowbase3 – Loosely coupled,

low latency, flexible data replication.

• Loosely coupled replication (replication not bound to application)

• Extremely low latency (no extract file or intermediate data store)

• Flexible, application level replication (heterogeneous source/target support)

• Bi-directional replication (NSK/NSK, NSK/Oracle, Oracle/Oracle) NSK Source Consumer DB TM/MP M.A.T. Auxiliary ADT DB NSK Target Collector DB Collector Open Server Expand or TCP/IP TCP/IP Open Target AutoTMF APP

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The Solution

The Solution

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AutoTMF

AutoTMF

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF enables applications for TMF quicklyenables applications for TMF quickly

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l A few minutes to install A few minutes to install

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l A few minutes to prepare object filesA few minutes to prepare object files

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– No programming or reNo programming or re--compiling or bindingcompiling or binding

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l A few minutes to audit desired filesA few minutes to audit desired files

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u Low overhead and minimal operations requirementsLow overhead and minimal operations requirements

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u Gain TMF benefits immediatelyGain TMF benefits immediately

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l Replication, online dumping and performanceReplication, online dumping and performance

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l Data consistency same or better than preData consistency same or better than pre--AutoTMFAutoTMF applicationapplication

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– Transaction boundaries are not “business transactions” but Transaction boundaries are not “business transactions” but

locking behaviour tends to align that way

locking behaviour tends to align that way

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AutoTMF

AutoTMF

Technical attributes

Technical attributes

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u Not privileged, requires noNot privileged, requires no sysgensysgen

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l Looks like an application program to TMFLooks like an application program to TMF

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– Uses standard APIsUses standard APIs

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l Distributed & supported by Compaq NonStopDistributed & supported by Compaq NonStop AutoTMFAutoTMF (SA45V1)(SA45V1)

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u Supports NonStop Kernel releases D38 toSupports NonStop Kernel releases D38 to GxxGxx

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u Requires no changes to programsRequires no changes to programs

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u Requires no changes to Pathway configurations or Requires no changes to Pathway configurations or

batch scripts

batch scripts

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u Simple set of configuration parameters to adapt to particular Simple set of configuration parameters to adapt to particular

environments or special requirements

environments or special requirements

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Migration Process

Migration Process

l One command (Prepare)One command (Prepare)

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l Operates on object file Operates on object file

only

only

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l No changes to source or No changes to source or

logic logic l l No recompile, SQL No recompile, SQL compile, bind or compile, bind or axcelerate axcelerate u u DatabaseDatabase l

l Turn on auditTurn on audit

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l Incrementally migrate Incrementally migrate

files

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AutoTMF

AutoTMF

Runtime

Runtime

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u User library intercepts file User library intercepts file

system and TMF calls

system and TMF calls

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l Keeps a “state” of programKeeps a “state” of program

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u Automatic transactions are Automatic transactions are

triggered by operations that

triggered by operations that

require a transaction

require a transaction

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u Operations are then passed Operations are then passed

through to the file system

through to the file system

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u Designed for performanceDesigned for performance

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l Many updates per Many updates per

transaction

transaction

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l Files are bufferedFiles are buffered

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Automatic Transactions

Automatic Transactions

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF tracks all audited file accessestracks all audited file accesses

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l Intercepts OPEN, READLOCK, WRITEUPDATEUNLOCK, etc.Intercepts OPEN, READLOCK, WRITEUPDATEUNLOCK, etc.

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l Intercepts BEGIN/ END/ ABORTTRANSACTIONIntercepts BEGIN/ END/ ABORTTRANSACTION

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l Maintains logical (i.e,Maintains logical (i.e, unauditedunaudited) lock state) lock state

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF assumes correct “assumes correct “unauditedunaudited” program logic” program logic

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l Consistent locking and unlocking behaviorConsistent locking and unlocking behavior

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l No sharing of locks with serversNo sharing of locks with servers

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u Issues BEGINTRANSACTION when required Issues BEGINTRANSACTION when required

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l Locks and updates when application has no TransactionLocks and updates when application has no Transaction

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u Issues ENDTRANSACTION when appropriate Issues ENDTRANSACTION when appropriate

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l Preserve updates and lock protocolsPreserve updates and lock protocols

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Automatic Transactions Rules

Automatic Transactions Rules

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u AllAll AutoTMFAutoTMF transactions must be committedtransactions must be committed

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l AutoTMFAutoTMF nevernever ABORTsABORTs automatic transactionsautomatic transactions

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l Emulates file operations on aEmulates file operations on a unauditedunaudited database database

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l A program cannot stop without committing automatic transactionsA program cannot stop without committing automatic transactions

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u Automatic transactions preserve locking protocol Automatic transactions preserve locking protocol

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l Cannot commit an automatic transaction ifCannot commit an automatic transaction if unauditedunauditedfile access file access

still has a record / file locked

still has a record / file locked

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u Automatic transactions are local to one processAutomatic transactions are local to one process

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Automatic Transactions Start

Automatic Transactions Start

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u First transactional access determines use of automatic transactFirst transactional access determines use of automatic transactions ions

for the open:

for the open:

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l The first access occurs when the application has not started or The first access occurs when the application has not started or

inherited its own transaction (default)

inherited its own transaction (default)

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l Or when automatic transactions are configured for the fileOr when automatic transactions are configured for the file

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u WellWell--known operations on an audited file which start an automatic known operations on an audited file which start an automatic

transaction transaction l l READLOCKREADLOCK l l WRITEWRITE l l LOCKFILELOCKFILE

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Automatic Transactions Commit

Automatic Transactions Commit

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u Application must have released locksApplication must have released locks

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u Logical points in the processingLogical points in the processing

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l READUPDATE $RECEIVEREADUPDATE $RECEIVE

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l REPLYREPLY

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l File close and process stopFile close and process stop

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u Isolation driven (configurable)Isolation driven (configurable)

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l Server SENDServer SEND

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l Other external communication (spooler e.g.)Other external communication (spooler e.g.)

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u ActivityActivity--driven (configurable)driven (configurable)

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l Elapsed timeElapsed time

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l Number of updatesNumber of updates

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Automatic Transactions Abort

Automatic Transactions Abort

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF never aborts an automatic transactionnever aborts an automatic transaction

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l Emulates nonEmulates non--audited behavioraudited behavior

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l Prevents process termination with outstanding automatic Prevents process termination with outstanding automatic

transactions

transactions

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l Does not export automatic transactionsDoes not export automatic transactions

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u External events could cause a unilateral abortExternal events could cause a unilateral abort

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l Cannot be prevented but rare (CPU failure, TMFCannot be prevented but rare (CPU failure, TMF autoabortsautoaborts, etc.), etc.)

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u Rollback limited to the recent updatesRollback limited to the recent updates

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Automatic Transaction Configuration

Automatic Transaction Configuration

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u Typical nonTypical non--TMF application requires no special configurationTMF application requires no special configuration

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l Audit the filesAudit the files

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l AutoTMFAutoTMF generates the transactions when neededgenerates the transactions when needed

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u Parallel transactions (separate or common)Parallel transactions (separate or common)

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l For TMF applications with some nonFor TMF applications with some non--audited filesaudited files

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l Parallel transactions configured for newly audited filesParallel transactions configured for newly audited files

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l Program still manages transactions for the previously audited fiProgram still manages transactions for the previously audited filesles

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u NOWAIT transactions NOWAIT transactions

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l Automatic transaction commit happens “Automatic transaction commit happens “nowaitnowait””

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u Isolation Isolation

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l Controls outside awareness of uncommitted automatic Controls outside awareness of uncommitted automatic

transactions

transactions

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Creating and Renaming Audited Files

Creating and Renaming Audited Files

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u Files created programmatically can be audited automaticallyFiles created programmatically can be audited automatically

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u AUTOTMF emulates RENAME operations on audited filesAUTOTMF emulates RENAME operations on audited files

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l If the file is not opened by another processIf the file is not opened by another process

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l Normally not possible with audited filesNormally not possible with audited files

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TMF /

TMF /

AutoTMF

AutoTMF

Performance

Performance

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF is optimizedis optimized

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l No additional processes; no extra I/ONo additional processes; no extra I/O

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l One configuration message on process start and audited file One configuration message on process start and audited file

opens

opens

–

– Configuration cached in memoryConfiguration cached in memory

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l Automatic transaction generation requires very little processingAutomatic transaction generation requires very little processing

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l PassthroughPassthrough is virtually free (a few microseconds)is virtually free (a few microseconds)

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u AutoTMFAutoTMF performance is TMF performanceperformance is TMF performance

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u TMF activity is optimizedTMF activity is optimized

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l Several inserts/updates per transactionSeveral inserts/updates per transaction

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l Parallelism when multiple transactions are configuredParallelism when multiple transactions are configured

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l NowaitNowait transactionstransactions

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Escort

Escort

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Tools

Tools

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u Tracing and debuggingTracing and debugging

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l Configured via a simple command without altering process startupConfigured via a simple command without altering process startup

–

– No changes to Pathway server configuration neededNo changes to Pathway server configuration needed

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l Shows every procedure callShows every procedure call

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l Show process startup and termination state (defines, assigns, Show process startup and termination state (defines, assigns,

startup message)

startup message)

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l Shows allShows all AutoTMFAutoTMF operations operations

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l Optionally shows input and output dataOptionally shows input and output data

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u Lock management toolsLock management tools

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l One command to display all record and file locks (reworked One command to display all record and file locks (reworked

LISTLOCK command)

LISTLOCK command)

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l Deadlock detectionDeadlock detection

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AutoTMF Futures

AutoTMF Futures

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u Implementation dates subject to customer commitmentsImplementation dates subject to customer commitments

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l AutoTMF support for unaudited SQL tablesAutoTMF support for unaudited SQL tables

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l SuperSuper--fast takeover support (Wait_for_RDF)fast takeover support (Wait_for_RDF)

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l AutoTMF support for native mode applicationsAutoTMF support for native mode applications

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l RDF/TMF LockRDF/TMF Lock--step transaction support (eliminate step transaction support (eliminate

reprogramming)

reprogramming)

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SOFTWARE INCORPORATED

Replication of non

Replication of non

-

-

Database files

Database files

Escort

Escort

AutoSYNC

AutoSYNC

Product Overview

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Non

Non

-

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Database File Replication

Database File Replication

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u Database replication does not provide complete disaster recoveryDatabase replication does not provide complete disaster recovery

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u How do you manage the “Application Environment”?How do you manage the “Application Environment”?

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l TACL macros and Edit filesTACL macros and Edit files

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l Configuration files (Pathway, Batch, Spooler, etc...)Configuration files (Pathway, Batch, Spooler, etc...)

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l Object / Source filesObject / Source files

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l Report files,Report files, BLOBsBLOBs, etc..., etc...

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l NonNon--audited Enscribe files / SQL tablesaudited Enscribe files / SQL tables

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EscortvAutoSYNC Overview

EscortvAutoSYNC Overview

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u SynchronizesSynchronizes filesetsfilesets between Himalaya systemsbetween Himalaya systems

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l Replication of entire files, not individual recordsReplication of entire files, not individual records

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u Complements RDF and other replication productsComplements RDF and other replication products

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u Easy to install; easy to configure and manageEasy to install; easy to configure and manage

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l Completely automatic; set it and forget itCompletely automatic; set it and forget it

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l Fault tolerant; highly reliableFault tolerant; highly reliable

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l Uses standard security facilitiesUses standard security facilities

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u Primary uses:Primary uses:

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l Complete Disaster Recovery preparation Complete Disaster Recovery preparation

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AutoSYNC

AutoSYNC

for non

for non

-

-

database file replication

database file replication

Duplicate Database Duplicate Application Environment \REMOTE Database Application Environment Transactions New Programs Config Updates Online Users Operators, Developers, Production Control \PRIMARY Escortv_AutoSYNC File Replication for Disaster Recovery

RDF

Transaction Replication for Disaster Recovery

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AutoSYNC

AutoSYNC

for Software Distribution

for Software Distribution

Application Environment New Programs Config Updates Operators, Developers, Production Control \HQ Escort vAutoSYNC Escort v AutoSYNC Duplicate Application Environment \PARIS Duplicate Application Environment \ROME Duplicate Application Environment \TOKYO Escortv_AutoSYNC

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AutoSYNC

AutoSYNC

Technical attributes

Technical attributes

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u Not privileged, requires noNot privileged, requires no sysgensysgen

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l Looks like an application programLooks like an application program

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l Uses standard APIs and Compaq facilitiesUses standard APIs and Compaq facilities

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u Supports NonStop Kernel releases D38 toSupports NonStop Kernel releases D38 to GxxGxx

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u Requires no changes to programs or environmentRequires no changes to programs or environment

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u Scaleable and high performanceScaleable and high performance

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Building blocks

Building blocks

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u An Administrator adds SyncUsersAn Administrator adds SyncUsers

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l SyncUsers can schedule fileset synchronizationsSyncUsers can schedule fileset synchronizations

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l Each SyncUser (user id) can be assigned priority and cpus for thEach SyncUser (user id) can be assigned priority and cpus for the e

synchronizing processes

synchronizing processes

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l Administrator can SUSPEND and ACTIVATE a Administrator can SUSPEND and ACTIVATE a SyncUserSyncUser

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u A SyncUser specifies Sync FilesetsA SyncUser specifies Sync Filesets

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l Source file pattern (ex. $DATA.SRV*.ACCT*)Source file pattern (ex. $DATA.SRV*.ACCT*)

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l Destination file pattern (Destination file pattern (\\REMOTE.$BACK.*.*) REMOTE.$BACK.*.*)

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l Security and ownership optionsSecurity and ownership options

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l Scheduling optionsScheduling options

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l Compression and performance optionsCompression and performance options

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AutoSYNC Processing Architecture

AutoSYNC Processing Architecture

AutoSYNC ESCSYNC $DATA.SRV.* \REMOTE.$BACK “Sync DATA.SRV*.*, \REMOTE.$BACK.*.*” 1. Send sync command ESCSYNC 2. Fetch local file signatures 4. Fetch remote file signatures 3. Transmit file signatures 5. Transmit sync file list

6. Synchronize files

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Selecting Files for Synchronization

Selecting Files for Synchronization

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u AutoSYNC synchronizes files in the Fileset that:AutoSYNC synchronizes files in the Fileset that:

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l Do not exist on the remote systemDo not exist on the remote system

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l Are “older” on the remote systemAre “older” on the remote system

–

– User may update files on the remote system to change User may update files on the remote system to change

system/volume names, etc.

system/volume names, etc.

–

– Difference in system clocks is factored inDifference in system clocks is factored in

–

– “Exact” synchronization can be specified“Exact” synchronization can be specified

–

– Are not open for exclusive or update accessAre not open for exclusive or update access

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l Are not TMF auditedAre not TMF audited

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Synchronization Modes

Synchronization Modes

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u Online SynchronizationOnline Synchronization

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l Immediate, commandImmediate, command--driven synchronizationdriven synchronization

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l Employs current user’s local and remote access rightsEmploys current user’s local and remote access rights

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l Same security requirements as a FUP DUPSame security requirements as a FUP DUP

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u Scheduled SynchronizationScheduled Synchronization

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l Multiple users can configure synchronizationMultiple users can configure synchronization

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l Automatic; no user interventionAutomatic; no user intervention

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l Reliable, faultReliable, fault--toleranttolerant

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Online Sync Architecture

Online Sync Architecture

Escort CI SYNC $DATA.JOE.* TO \REMOTE.$DATA.*.*;

ESCSYNC $DATA.JOE.* _{\REMOTE.$DATA} USER.JOE USER.JOE Local Access USER.JOE Remote Access

User issues command for each sync operation • Uses standard security for file access

• Could be performed by BATCH scheduler • Does not require configuration or user setup

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Scheduled Sync Architecture

Scheduled Sync Architecture

$DATA.JOE.* \REMOTE.$DATA Executes as USER.JOE Joe’s Remote Access $ZESC (monitor)_$ZESC AutoSYNC Monitor Fault-tolerant Process pair

SYNCUSER ESCSYNCP Joe’s SyncFiles Sam’s SyncFiles USER.JOE USER.SAM Joe’s Local Access $DATA.SAM.* \REMOTE.$DATA Executes as USER.SAM Sam’s Remote Access ESCSYNCP Sam’s Local Access

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Fileset Scheduling Options

Fileset Scheduling Options

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u Default is every 5 minutesDefault is every 5 minutes

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l User can specify interval from 1 minute to n days.User can specify interval from 1 minute to n days.

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u Daily START and STOP timesDaily START and STOP times

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l Can specify “sync every day starting at 6PM until midnight”Can specify “sync every day starting at 6PM until midnight”

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u SUSPEND and ACTIVATESUSPEND and ACTIVATE

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l Can temporarily suspend synchronization without deleting filesetCan temporarily suspend synchronization without deleting fileset

configuration

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Compression

Compression

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u Uses LZW algorithmUses LZW algorithm

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u Eliminates 60% to 80% of network trafficEliminates 60% to 80% of network traffic

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u CPUCPU--intensiveintensive

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l Compression may not increase throughput if lines are fastCompression may not increase throughput if lines are fast

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l AutoSYNC uses compression if it improves throughput (dynamic AutoSYNC uses compression if it improves throughput (dynamic

calculation)

calculation)

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Performance Options

Performance Options

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u Automatic synchronization parallelism for different users and/orAutomatic synchronization parallelism for different users and/or

different remote systems

different remote systems

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u Configured parallelism by specifying “batchid”Configured parallelism by specifying “batchid”

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u Priority and ThrottlingPriority and Throttling

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l Synchronization should not affect ongoing production workSynchronization should not affect ongoing production work

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l User can specify process priorityUser can specify process priority

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Destination File Purge Option

Destination File Purge Option

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u Files that do not exist in the source fileset can be purged in tFiles that do not exist in the source fileset can be purged in the he

destination fileset

destination fileset

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u Used to maintain subvolumes in parallelUsed to maintain subvolumes in parallel

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u Does not purge files in a destination subvolume if the source Does not purge files in a destination subvolume if the source

subvolume does not exist

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Security and Ownership Options

Security and Ownership Options

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u Automatic upgrade to network security Automatic upgrade to network security

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l Local security could prevent access after remote syncLocal security could prevent access after remote sync

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l Local security changed to network security (“A” becomes “N”)Local security changed to network security (“A” becomes “N”)

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l Can be disabled with NO NETWORKSECURE optionCan be disabled with NO NETWORKSECURE option

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u SyncUserSyncUsercan specify owner of replicated filescan specify owner of replicated files

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u SyncUserSyncUsercan specify security of replicated filescan specify security of replicated files

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u Purge security could prevent repeated syncsPurge security could prevent repeated syncs

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l Changed to allow sync user to purge fileChanged to allow sync user to purge file

–

– Example: N” security if SyncUser and file owner are in Example: N” security if SyncUser and file owner are in

different groups

different groups

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l Might allow anyone to purge a replicated fileMight allow anyone to purge a replicated file

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Synchronization Security

Synchronization Security

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u Scheduled Synchronization SecurityScheduled Synchronization Security

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l Individual users configure synchronizationIndividual users configure synchronization

but

but

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l AutoSYNC monitor process manages ESCSYNC processesAutoSYNC monitor process manages ESCSYNC processes

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l Ensures that SYNCs are performed under SyncUser's user idEnsures that SYNCs are performed under SyncUser's user id

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l Requires authorizationRequires authorization

–

– Prevents users from accessing files without authorizationPrevents users from accessing files without authorization

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u Online Synchronization SecurityOnline Synchronization Security

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AutoSYNC Futures

AutoSYNC Futures

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u Implementation dates subject to customer commitmentsImplementation dates subject to customer commitments

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u TriggersTriggers

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l Execute a userExecute a user--specified program or macro when file is specified program or macro when file is

synchronized

synchronized

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l Examples of functions that Triggers could perform:Examples of functions that Triggers could perform:

–

– Execute EDIT scripts to adjust system / volume namesExecute EDIT scripts to adjust system / volume names

–

– SQLCOMP programsSQLCOMP programs

–

– Run batch jobs or other userRun batch jobs or other user--defined processesdefined processes

–

– etc...etc...

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Want More Information?

Want More Information?

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u Product Information Product Information

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l http://www.http://www.CarrScottCarrScott.com/products_.com/products_autotmfautotmf.html.html

http://www.

http://www.CarrScottCarrScott.com/products_.com/products_autosyncautosync.html.html

l

l info@[email protected]

u

u Contact Information Contact Information

l

l Harry Scott, CoHarry Scott, Co--founderfounder +1.781.934.0989+1.781.934.0989

harry