* لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ : ﻪﻴﻣورا -ﺸﻧاد ﻪﻴﻣورا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕ -وﺮﮔ ه يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ -ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 09144462412 ، hemmatma@yahoo.com E-mail:
ﺗ
ﺄ
دﺰﻣﺎﻧ
نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ
ﻢﻳﻼﻋ
و
باﺮﻄﺿا
ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﺮﺑ
يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ
ﺮﻴﺛ
ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ
:
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ
ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ
ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛ
ﻚﻳ
هﺪﺷ
يزﺎﺳ
كﺎﭘ
ﻚﻠﺴﻣ
ﻲﺘﻤﻫ
ﻪﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ
،ﻮﻠﺟورا
اﺮﻴﻤﺳ
*ناﺮﻳا ،ﻪﻴﻣورا ،ﻪﻴﻣورا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد . ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 17 / 1 / 93 ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ : 1 / 7 / 93 ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : يﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑهزوﺮﻣا ﺪﻧرادﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑعﻮﻴﺷ،سﺮﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ . زا ﻦﻴﺑ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﺑناﻮﺗﻲﻣ،ﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻲﺷراﻮﮔ هرﺎﺷا دﻮﻤﻧ . ًﺎﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣ شور يﺎﻫ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻲﻌﻴﺳو ور ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳا . ﻲﺧﺮﺑ زا ﻦﻳا شور يﺎﻫ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ءﺰﺟ شور يﺎﻫ ﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺑ ﺪﺷﺎ و ناﺰﻴﻣ ا سﺮﺘﺳ و باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ار ﻪﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ دراو ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧﻲﻣ ) 1 ، 2 .( دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻦﻳا شور ياﺮﺑ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ يرﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد شراﻮﮔ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ رد رﺮﻜﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا دﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫﻲﺳرﺮﺑ . ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﺎﺸﻣ يا ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ﻪﺑ شراﻮﮔ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ هﺪﻫ ﻞﻴﺒﻗزايدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ضراﻮﻋﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣﻪﻛﺖﺳافﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادهاﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑارشراﻮﮔﻪﻟﻮﻟﻲﮔرﺎﭘ . ﻲﻜﻳﻦﻳادﻮﺟوﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا باﺮﻄﺿا ،رﻮﻛﺬﻣ شور ضراﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ زا يﺎﺟﺮﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻦﻳاﻦﻫذردارﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧياهﺮﻃﺎﺧﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ دراﺬﮕﺑ ) 3 -1 (. ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ و تﺎﻴﺣ ﻪﻣادا ﻪﻣزﻻ باﺮﻄﺿا و ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺳاﺎﻫنﺎﺴﻧاشﻼﺗوﻲﻌﺳهﺪﻨﻨﻛ ؛ باﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻛﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫﺎﻣا ،دﻮﺷﻲﻣدﺮﻓدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣوﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣاﺪﻴﭘتﺪﺷ ددﺮﮔﻲﻣحﺮﻄﻣلﻼﺘﺧاﻚﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ ) 4 .( ردﻪﻛﻲﻧارﺎﻤﻴﺑ هﺪﻴﻜﭼ :
فﺪﻫ و ﻪﻨﻴﻣز
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ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗشورﻦﻳﺮﺗﻢﻬﻣﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآوهدﻮﺑﻊﻳﺎﺷتﻻﻼﺘﺧازاﻲﻜﻳشراﻮﮔهﺎﮕﺘﺳديﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ددﺮﮔنارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاوسﺮﺗﺚﻋﺎﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ،ندﻮﺑﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳاتﻻﻼﺘﺧاﻦﻳاياﺮﺑ . زاﻞﺒﻗباﺮﻄﺿا ﺳوﺪﻧآمﺎﺠﻧانﺎﻣزﺶﻳاﺰﻓاونارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ دﻮﺷﻲﻣﻲﭘﻮﻜ . ﺗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗفﺪﻫﺎﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﺄ ﺮﻴﺛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋﻲﺧﺮﺑوباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ .ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
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ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا هﺪﺷيزﺎﺳﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رﻮﻛﻮﺳﻚﻳترﻮﺻﻪﺑ يورﺮﺑ 80 ﺪﺟاورﺎﻤﻴﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻂﻳاﺮﺷ لﺎﺳردﻪﻴﻣوراﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﷲاﺖﻳآنﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﺑ 1392 ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧشورﺎﺑﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هوﺮﮔودردﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗترﻮﺻﻪﺑوبﺎﺨﺘﻧاسﺮﺘﺳدرديﺮﻴﮔ يوﺎﺴﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛ . يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔاﺮﺟاﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزورردوﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣهوﺮﮔياﺮﺑ . اﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣ زاﻞﺒﻗﺾﺒﻧونﻮﺧرﺎﺸﻓ،ب ﺪﺷيﺮﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧاهوﺮﮔودردﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑوﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ . باﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ،باﺮﻄﺿايﺮﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧاراﺰﺑا دﻮﺑﺮﮔﺮﺑﻞﻴﭙﺳارﺎﻜﺷآ .ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
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ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟيﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﻈﻧزا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودﻦﻴﺑيرادﻲﻨﻌﻣيرﺎﻣآتوﺎﻔﺗﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣزا ﻞﺒﻗ دﻮﺟو ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ) 05 / 0 > P .( رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧاوﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑويرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣياﺮﺟازاﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣهوﺮﮔردنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﺾﺒﻧوﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﺳنﻮﺧرﺎﺸﻓ،باﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣ ) 40 ﺮﻔﻧ ( لﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ) 40 ﺮﻔﻧ ( ﺶﻫﺎﻛ دادنﺎﺸﻧيرادﻲﻨﻌﻣ ) 01 / 0 < P .(يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
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تﻼﺧاﺪﻣياﺮﺟا نارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺚﻋﺎﺑﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑرديرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ دﻮﺷ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ شور ﻦﻳا مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ . زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ زا ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ دﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشورمﺎﺠﻧازاﻞﺒﻗ،نارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛياﺮﺑﻲﻳورادﺮﻴﻏيﺎﻫشور دﺮﻛه . هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫ : ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ،ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋ،باﺮﻄﺿا،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ .ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآرﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫناﺮﮕﻧوبﺮﻄﻀﻣ ) 5 ( ردتﺎﻋﻼﻃادﻮﺒﻤﻛﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑﺖﺳاﻦﻜﻤﻣباﺮﻄﺿاﻦﻳا؛ ﻦﻴﺣرددردوﻲﺘﺣارﺎﻧزاسﺮﺗﺎﻳوﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗشوردرﻮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نآ مﺎﺠﻧا ) 6 .( ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﻊﻗاو رد زارﺎﻤﻴﺑبﺎﻨﺘﺟاﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧردﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛدﺎﺠﻳاﻲﺑاﺮﻄﺿا دﻮﺷﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗشورمﺎﺠﻧا ) 5 .( ﺘﻣ ﺄ ﻂﻠﻏيﺎﻫروﺎﺑدﻮﺟوﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا يﺎﻫﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗﺎﻳوﻲﮕﻔﺧنﺎﻜﻣا،دردزوﺮﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑپﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋلﺎﻘﺘﻧانﺎﻜﻣاﻞﺜﻣﻲﻌﻗاو ددﺮﮔﻲﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاوسﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ . مﺎﮕﻨﻫﺮﻳدﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺎﻳوﻢﻴﺧﺪﺑيﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑلﺎﻤﺘﺣازاﻲﺷﺎﻧباﺮﻄﺿاﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآصﻮﺼﺧﻪﺑﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗتﺎﻣاﺪﻗاضراﻮﻋزاسﺮﺗ ، ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺄﺗ ﺮﻴﺧ ددﺮﮔﻲﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑنﺪﺷرﺮﻀﺘﻣوﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ) 7 (. هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ باﺮﻄﺿا سﺮﺗﻞﺜﻣﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧيﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ،دردﻞﺜﻣﻲﺴﺣتﻻﻼﺘﺧا ،نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ زا زاﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻞﺜﻣﻲﻳارﺎﻛمﺪﻋ دﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣراﺮﻗﻚﺷﺰﭘزاسﺮﺗﻞﺜﻣﻪﻗﺮﻔﺘﻣﻞﻠﻋوﻲﻧﺎﻣردماﺪﻗا ) 4 .( ﺳوﺪﻧآزاباﺮﻄﺿاﻊﻗاورد رديﺪﺟﻞﻜﺸﻣﻚﻳﻲﭘﻮﻜ يﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ و شراﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﻧﺎﻣرد ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺖﺳاﻲﻧﺎﻣردوﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ ) 8 .( ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣباﺮﻄﺿايﻻﺎﺑحﻮﻄﺳ وكﺎﻧدرد،ﻞﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧ ترﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗشورمﺎﺠﻧاﺚﻋﺎﺑ مارآيﺎﻫورادفﺮﺼﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑوراﻮﺷد دﺎﺠﻳاوﺶﺨﺑ دﻮﺷﺎﻫنآزاﻲﺷﺎﻧضراﻮﻋ ) 9 .( ﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ داﺪﻌﺗﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣن رد،ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗارﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻛيداﺮﻓا ﺶﻫﺎﻛياﺮﺑدﻮﺷﻲﻣﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗوﺖﺳاﻻﺎﺑياهﺪﻨﻨﻛناﺮﮕﻧﺪﺣ ددﺮﮔظﺎﺤﻟيﺪﺟتﺎﻣاﺪﻗانارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧوسﺮﺗ ) 8 (. ﻲﻳوراديﺎﻫشورباﺮﻄﺿالﺮﺘﻨﻛوﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﺖﻬﺟ دراد دﻮﺟو ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻳوراد ﺮﻴﻏ و . ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﭘزﺎﻳدوﺰﻨﺑ ، زﺎﺑيﺎﻫهﺪﻨﻨﻛرﺎﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓاﺪﺿوﻦﻴﻧﻮﺗوﺮﺳبﺬﺟ مارآ يا ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻪﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣباﺮﻄﺿا ) 10 ( ؛ ﺖﻔﮔﺪﻳﺎﺑﻲﻟو مارآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﻳاﻪﻠﻤﺟزا؛ﺖﺴﻴﻧرﺎﺒﻧﺎﻳزتاﺮﺛانوﺪﺑﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ 30 ﺎﺗﺪﺻرد 50 ز؛ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺪﺻرد نﺎﻣ ﺖﺤﺗوﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣويدﻮﺒﻬﺑوﻦﻴﻜﺴﺗياﺮﺑيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘو ﺖﺳامزﻻرﺎﻤﻴﺑندادراﺮﻗﺮﻈﻧ ) 11 .( ﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻟﺎﺣردﻦﻳا باﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺖﻬﺟﻲﻨﻤﻳارﺎﻴﺴﺑﻲﻳورادﺮﻴﻏيﺎﻫشور ﺟﺎﻬﺗﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشورزاﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﺳاسﺮﺘﺳدردﻲﻤ ) 12 .( ﺄﺗﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﺗ،باﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣرداﺪﺻﺮﻴﺛ ﺄ هروﺎﺸﻣﺮﻴﺛ ونارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛردﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺗﺄ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ هﻮﻴﺷ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛ زاﻞﺒﻗمﺮﺳلوﺰﻴﺗرﻮﻛحﻮﻄﺳوﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓيﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺳاهﺪﻴﺳرتﺎﺒﺛاﻪﺑﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻲﺣاﺮﺟلﺎﻤﻋا ) 15 -13 .( ﻢﻬﻣزانارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺶﻘﻧﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫنﺎﻣردﻢﻴﺗداﺮﻓاﻦﻳﺮﺗ ونﺎﺟﻆﻔﺣردﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺪﻧرادنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﺖﻣﻼﺳ ) 16 .( زاﻲﻜﻳ ﺖﺳاباﺮﻄﺿاندﺮﺑﻦﻴﺑزاﻪﺑﻚﻤﻛرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘيﺎﻫﺶﻘﻧ ) 17 .( زاﻞﺒﻗ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ ارﻲﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﺮﺑﻲﻣرﺎﻛﻪﺑﻲﻧﺎﻣردوﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشورمﺎﺠﻧا . لﺎﺜﻣياﺮﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﻖﻳرﺰﺗزاﻞﺒﻗﻖﻴﻤﻋﺲﻔﻨﺗمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺑﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗارنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ وشورعﻮﻧ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد وﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشورمﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗﺖﺷادﺪﻫاﻮﺧنآمﺎﺠﻧالﻮﻃردرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻛارﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣا مﺎﺠﻧاژﺎﺳﺎﻣواياﺮﺑرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺶﻣارآﻪﺑﻚﻤﻛياﺮﺑ؛ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣردﺎﻳﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗشورمﺎﺠﻧازاﻞﺒﻗ؛ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣ ،ﻲﻨﻫذﺖﺒﺜﻣﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗﺎﺑ؛ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣشزﻮﻣآوهروﺎﺸﻣنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ دﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫسﺎﺴﺣا،ﺎﻫشﺮﮕﻧ،ﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓرﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺎﺗﺪﻧزﺎﺳﻲﻣردﺎﻗار ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﻲﻘﻠﺗوﺖﺷادﺮﺑناﺮﮕﻳدودﻮﺧيﺎﻫداﺪﻌﺘﺳاوﻖﻳﻼﻋ و ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ يدﺮﺴﻧﻮﺧ و ﺶﻣارآ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﺮﻴﮕﺑارﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﻦﻳﺮﺗﻪﻧﻼﻗﺎﻋ ) 18 .( نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﮕﻳديﻮﺳزا ﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧوﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫسﺮﺘﺳدردنﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘزاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻣنﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺪﻨﻨﻛفﺮﺻرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺎﺑاريﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﻗوﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ) 19 (. يﺎﻫشورمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺑنوﺰﻓازورزﺎﻴﻧزاﻲﻛﺎﺣﺪﻫاﻮﺷ ذﺎﺨﺗا اﺬﻟ ؛ﺖﺳا ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﻛ و ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ وﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺮﻴﻏيزﺎﺳمارآيﺎﻫشوروﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣتﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻪﺋارانارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑار ﻚﻤﻛ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳوراد ﺮﻴﻏ وﺮﺿﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺪﺳرﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑير ) 20 .( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاﺎﺘﺳارﻦﻴﻤﻫرد ﺗﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗفﺪﻫﺎﺑ ﺄ وباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣﺮﻴﺛ ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋ . ﻲﺳرﺮﺑشور : يزﺎﺳﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﻚﻳﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘ هﺪﺷ رﻮﻛﻮﺳﻚﻳ ناﺮﻳاﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑﻲﻳﺎﻣزآرﺎﻛﺰﻛﺮﻣردﻪﻛﺖﺳا ﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ IRCT2014031817059N1 ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﺑ .
ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺪﺟاونارﺎﻤﻴﺑارﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳايﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآﺪﺣاوﻪﺑهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ -ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد لﺎﺳهﺎﻣﺪﻨﻔﺳاﺮﺧآﺎﺗهﺎﻣﻦﻤﻬﺑلوازاﻪﻴﻣوراﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﷲاﺖﻳآ 1392 ﺪﻧدادﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ . زآناﻮﺗظﺎﺤﻟﺎﺑﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻢﺠﺣ نﻮﻣ 80 نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃادوﺪﺣوﺪﺻرد 95 داﺪﻌﺗﻪﺑﺪﺻرد 36 ﺮﻫردﺮﻔﻧ ﺮﻫياﺮﺑﺎﻫﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣاشﺰﻳرﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺎﺑوﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣهوﺮﮔ هوﺮﮔ 40 ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ردﺮﻔﻧ ) 21 .( ﻪﺑدورو يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ هﺎﮕﺘﺳدﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآمﺎﺠﻧاﺖﻬﺟرﻮﺘﺳدﻦﺘﺷادﻞﻣﺎﺷﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﺳ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ شراﻮﮔ 18 ﺎﺗ 60 ﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ،لﺎﺳ ﻪﻘ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﺘﺳد ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ،ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑﻦﺘﺷادﻲﻧاﺮﻳاﺖﻴﻠﻣوﻲﺴﻧاژروا . يﺎﻫورادزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دردﻦﺘﺷاد،ﺶﺨﺑمارآوروآباﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑﺪﻳﺪﺷ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ) نﺎﻃﺮﺳﻼﺜﻣ ( يﺎﻫدرد ﺪﺿﺎﻳرﺪﺨﻣداﻮﻣﻪﺑدﺎﻴﺘﻋا ، ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧردجوﺮﺧيﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑيﻮﻗ . ارد زا سﺮﺘﺳدرد شورﻪﺑﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﺰﻛﺮﻣرديﺮﺘﺴﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ -وبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودردﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗترﻮﺻﻪﺑ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ ؛ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد رددﺮﻓ يﺎﻫزورنارﺎﻤﻴﺑولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔرد جوزيﺎﻫزور ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣهوﺮﮔ . ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗزورﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻠﺧادﺶﺨﺑردﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑﺮﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ – نﺎﻴﺑزاﺲﭘوﺪﺷﺮﺿﺎﺣﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﷲاﺖﻳآﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻪﺑدوروﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻦﺘﺷادترﻮﺻرد،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘفاﺪﻫا ﺪﺷﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻂﺳﻮﺗﺶﻫوﮋﭘردﺖﻛﺮﺷﻪﻣﺎﻨﺘﻳﺎﺿرمﺮﻓ . ﻫ هداد يروآ ﻊﻤﺟ راﺰﺑا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺎ ﺮﮔﺮﺑﻞﻴﭙﺳارﺎﻜﺷآباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘوﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ) Spielberger ( دﻮﺑ . ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟتﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺄ ،ﻪﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﻞﻫ ﻲﻠﺻاﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷوتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ،ﺪﻣآردﺖﻳﺎﻔﻛ،ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳﻞﺤﻣ دﻮﺑ . ﺖﻬﺟﻪﻛﺰﻴﻧﺮﮔﺮﺑﻞﻴﭙﺳارﺎﻜﺷآباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻨﺳ يوﺎﺣ،ﺪﻳدﺮﮔهدﺎﻔﺘﺳارﺎﻜﺷآباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﺠ 20 لاﻮﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻖﻳﺮﻃزاوناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘزاﻲﻜﻳﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﻛهدﻮﺑﻲﺑاﻮﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ . ﻒﻴﻃ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ تﺮﻜﻴﻟ 4 ياﻪﺟرد ) 1 ﺎﺗ 4 ( ﻦﻴﺑتاﺮﻤﻧعﻮﻤﺠﻣﻪﻨﻣادوهدﻮﺑ 20 ﺎﺗ 80 دﻮﺑ ) 13 .( ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﺑترﻮﺻ ﺖﺒﺜﻣتﻻاﻮﺳيراﺬﮔهﺮﻤﻧﻪﻛدﻮ ) 10 لاﻮﺳ ( ﻪﺑ ﻢﻛﻲﻠﻴﺧترﻮﺻ ) 4 ( ﻢﻛ، ) 3 ( دﺎﻳز، ) 2 ( دﺎﻳزﻲﻠﻴﺧ، ) 1 ( ﻲﻔﻨﻣ تﻻاﻮﺳ ﺎﻣا ؛ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ) 10 لاﻮﺳ ( ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ هﺮﻤﻧ سﻮﻜﻌﻣ . زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 20 ﺎﺗ 80 ﺮﻈﻧردﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣترﻮﺻﻪﺑﻪﻛدﻮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﺮﺗ ﻦﻳاﻪﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ تاﺮﻤﻧﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛﺐﻴﺗ دﻮﺑﺲﻜﻌﻟﺎﺑوﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاهﺪﻨﻫد . ﻦﻳاﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘوﻲﻳاور يﺪﻴﺠﻣﻂﺳﻮﺗهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ) 1382 ( رد ﺗدرﻮﻣناﺮﻳا ﺄ ﻦﻳاﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﻪﻛيرﻮﻃﻪﺑ؛ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﺪﻴﻳ ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑخﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآشور زاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 80 / 0 ﺖﺳدﻪﺑ ﺖﺳاهﺪﻣآ ) 22 .( ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﻲﻤﻠﻋﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘوﻲﻳاورﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﭙﺳا رﺎﻜﺷآ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد " ﺮﮔﺮﺑﻞﻴﭙﺳاباﺮﻄﺿانﻮﻣزآﻲﺑﺎﻳرﺎﺠﻨﻫ " ماﺮﻬﻣﻂﺳﻮﺗﻪﻛ لﺎﺳرد 1373 يور 600 هﺪﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ،ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﻔﻧ ﺖﺳا . خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآلﻮﻣﺮﻓﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﺰﻴﻧنآﻲﻤﻠﻋدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﺪﺷﺺﺨﺸﻣوﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑنﻮﻣزآ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑولﻮﺒﻗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺪﺣرد،هﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣتاﺮﻤﻧﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺖﺳا ) 23 .( ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳاﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاردﻦﻳاﺮﺑهوﻼﻋ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛيﺎﻔﻟآشورزا 80 / 0 ﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ . ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ مﺎﺠﻧا زور ،ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ باﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ وﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺳا و هﺪﺷ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﭙ ونﻮﺧرﺎﺸﻓوﺪﺷيراﺬﮔﺖﻣﻼﻋ،رﺎﻤﻴﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺐﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮﺿ داﺪﻌﺗ . نآ زا ﺲﭘ مﺎﺠﻧاﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣهوﺮﮔرداريرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ داد . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ رد : ﺎﺠﻧا زاﻞﺒﻗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﮔدﺎﻣآ شزﻮﻣآ ﻞﻣﺎﺷﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ م ندﻮﺑﺎﺘﺷﺎﻧ 8 زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ،مﺎﺠﻧازاﻞﺒﻗﺖﻋﺎﺳ ندﺮﺑﻦﻴﺑزاﺖﻬﺟﻮﻠﮔﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧردﻲﻌﺿﻮﻣهﺪﻨﻨﻛﺲﺣﻲﺑ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻴﺑاﻮﺧ يﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗ زﺮﻃ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر ،گﺎﮔ ﺲﻜﻠﻓر ﻲﺧﺮﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ،مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﻴﺣ رد ﭗﭼ يﻮﻠﻬﭘ و تﺎﺤﺷﺮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﭘوﺮﺗآ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻫوراد ﺷﺖﻬﺟنﻮﮔﺎﻛﻮﻠﮔ ﻂﻴﺤﻣندادنﺎﺸﻧ،تﻼﻀﻋندﺮﻛﻞ وﻦﻴﺣ،ﻞﺒﻗﻞﺣاﺮﻣمﺎﻤﺗدرﻮﻣردﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﺎﻳاﺰﻣدرﻮﻣردرﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﻫﺎﮔآءﺎﻘﺗرا،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﺲﭘ
نﺎﻴﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ نداد ،ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا تاﺮﻄﺧ و هﺪﺷ حﺮﻄﻣتﻻاﻮﺳﻪﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘ،تﻻاﻮﺳ حﺮﻃوتﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا ﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ،رﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ تﺎﻴﺋﺰ ﺎﻫنآﻂﺳﻮﺗهﺪﺷﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣاتﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣاوﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ شزﻮﻣآ ،ﺎﻫ نآ ﻞﻤﻌﻟاﺲﻜﻋ و ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ شورﻲﻃ رد زاﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣﺖﻬﺟردرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣﻲﻨﻫذﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗوﻖﻴﻤﻋﺲﻔﻨﺗ دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ نآ . ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ زور رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودﺮﻫباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﺮﮔﺮﺑﻞﻴﭙﺳارﺎﻜﺷآباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘزا ًادﺪﺠﻣوﺪﺷهﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ داﺪﻌﺗو نﻮﺧرﺎﺸﻓ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔيﺮﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧانارﺎﻤﻴﺑﺐﻠﻗنﺎﺑﺮﺿ . راﺰﻓامﺮﻧزاﺎﻫهدادﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗياﺮﺑ SPSS ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 16 ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ شور و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا . ،ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗرﺎﻣآ ﺶﺨﺑ رد وﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا يﺎﻫنﻮﻣزآزا،ﻲﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳارﺎﻣآﺶﺨﺑردورﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻨﺘﻳوﻦﻣوﻲﺗ،وديﺎﻛ .
ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓ : يرﺎﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣهوﺮﮔودﻦﻴﺑ يراد ) 40 ﺮﻔﻧ ( لﺮﺘﻨﻛو ) 40 ﺮﻔﻧ ( يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﻈﻧزا ،ﺲﻨﺟ،ﻦﺳﻞﻴﺒﻗزاﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺄ ﺖﻳﺎﻔﻛ ،ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ،ﻪﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﻞﻫ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗﺢﻄﺳ،ﺪﻣآرد ﺖﺷاﺪﻧدﻮﺟوﻲﻠﺻاﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷو ) هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 1 (.
هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 1 : ﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟتﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودردﺶﻫوﮋﭘدرﻮﻣيﺎﻫﺪﺣاوﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ P داﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺻرد داﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺻرد ﺲﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ 23 5 / 57 21 5 / 52 * 285 / 0 نز 17 5 / 42 19 5 / 47 ﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺄ ﻞﻫ دﺮﺠﻣ 4 10 3 5 / 7 * 684 / 0 ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ 31 5 / 77 34 85 هﻮﻴﺑ 3 5 / 7 2 5 ﻪﻘﻠﻄﻣ 2 5 1 5 / 2 ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ 17 5 / 42 22 55 * 266 / 0 رﺎﻜﻴﺑ 23 5 / 57 18 45 ﻪﻤﻴﺑ دراد 34 85 32 80 * 559 / 0 دراﺪﻧ 6 15 8 20 ﻣآرد ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺪ ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ 7 5 / 17 5 5 / 12 * 706 / 0 ﻲﻓﺎﻛ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 25 5 / 62 27 5 / 67 ﻲﻓﺎﻛ 8 20 8 20 تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ داﻮﺴﻴﺑ 14 35 11 5 / 27 * 427 / 0 داﻮﺳﺎﺑ 26 65 29 5 / 72 ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺷ ﻢﻜﺷ درد 32 80 31 5 / 77 * 786 / 0 دراﻮﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ 8 20 9 5 / 22 ﻦﺳ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ) لﺎﺳ ( 46 / 14 ± 67 / 47 32 / 13 ± 42 / 48 # 81 / 0 * ؛وديﺎﻛيرﺎﻣآنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ # ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻲﺗيرﺎﻣآنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ . رﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧﻲﻨﺘﻳوﻦﻣيرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ نﻮﺧ ﺪﻌﺑﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣولﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودنﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻨﻌﻣيرﺎﻣآتوﺎﻔﺗيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣياﺮﺟازا ﻲ ﺖﺷادراد . ﻮﻛ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا و ﺾﺒﻧ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟ دﻮﺑلﺎﻣﺮﻧ،ﺪﺷﻲﺳرﺮﺑفﻮﻧﺮﻴﻤﺳا ) 05 / 0 P> .( يرﺎﻣآنﻮﻣزآ ﻨﻌﻣيرﺎﻣآتوﺎﻔﺗﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻲﺗ ﻲ تاﺮﻤﻧرداريراد وﺾﺒﻧ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣزاﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣو لﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔودﻦﻴﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا دادنﺎﺸﻧيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ) هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 2 .(
هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 2 : ﻞﺒﻗ،هوﺮﮔودردباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣوﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣزاﺪﻌﺑو ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ نﻮﻣزآ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ P لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﺸﻓ ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺳﺎﻳد نﻮﺧ ) هﻮﻴﺟ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ( ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ 82 / 7 ± 00 / 77 54 / 8 ± 62 / 78 * 285 / 0 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ 60 / 6 ± 50 / 77 63 / 8 ± 50 / 76 * 844 / 0 ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﺳ نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ ) هﻮﻴﺟ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ( ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ 72 / 9 ± 25 / 121 86 / 11 ± 00 / 123 * 400 / 0 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ 45 / 7 ± 62 / 126 50 / 11 ± 38 / 119 * 005 / 0 ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺮﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ رﺎﺸﻓ ) هﻮﻴﺟ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ( ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ 88 / 7 ± 75 / 91 29 / 9 ± 41 / 93 * 281 / 0 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ 55 / 5 ± 87 / 93 31 / 8 ± 79 / 90 * 223 / 0 ﺾﺒﻧ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ 45 / 8 ± 17 / 78 24 / 8 ± 62 / 77 # 769 / 0 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا 00 / 8 ± 30 / 83 71 / 6 ± 65 / 75 # 001 / 0 < باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ 14 / 4 ± 60 / 56 45 / 3 ± 92 / 55 # 431 / 0 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ 12 / 4 ± 15 / 60 09 / 4 ± 77 / 48 # 001 / 0 < ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣترﻮﺻﻪﺑﺎﻫهداد ± ؛ﺪﻧاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔرﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا * ؛ﻲﻨﺘﻳوﻦﻣيرﺎﻣآنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ # ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻲﺗيرﺎﻣآنﻮﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑ . ﺚﺤﺑ : ﺗﻲﺳرﺮﺑفﺪﻫﺎﺑﻪﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳارد ﺛﺄ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣﺮﻴ ياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋوباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﺖ ﺮﺛاهﺪﻨﻫدنﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ، ندﻮﺑﺶﺨﺑ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ،نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ دﻮﺑﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ . ﻣزردهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزاﻲﺧﺮﺑﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻨﻴ ﺗ زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺄ نﻮﭼ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ شور ﺮﻴﺛ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑيزﺎﺳهدﺎﻣآ ) 24 ( ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣوﺢﺿاوتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻪﺋارا، ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ) 25 ( يرﺎﺘﻓروﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻪﺋارا، ) 4 ( هروﺎﺸﻣ، يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ) 14 ( نآﺮﻗياوآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا، ) 13 ( ندﺮﻛهﺎﮔآو نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ) 26 ( ﻗا ﻪﻴﻠﻛ و ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ تﺎﻣاﺪ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧهﺪﺷﺮﻛذتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣفﻼﺧﺮﺑ Van vilet ندﺮﻛ هﺎﮔآ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ياﺮﺑنﺎﺷﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآمﺎﺠﻧازاﻞﺒﻗنارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺗ ﭻﻴﻫ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺄ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ يور يﺮﻴﺛ ﻫنآ هدﺮﻛﺖﻓﺎﻳردﻲﻠﻣﺎﻛتﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻫنآودراﺪﻧﺎ ﻪﺘﺷاد ناﺮﮕﻳدﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻲﺘﻳﺰﻣﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﺳرﻲﻤﻧﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 27 (. ﺗﺎﺑوﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﺄ ﺮﻳﺎﺳﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛ مﺪﻋﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑلﺮﺘﻨﻛهوﺮﮔردﻪﻛﺖﻔﮔناﻮﺗﻲﻣ،تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،باﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﻳﻊﻓرياﺮﺑيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣﺖﻓﺎﻳرد مﺎﺠﻧاﺖﻴﻤﻫاﺮﻣا ﻦﻳاودراديدﻮﻌﺻﺮﻴﺳباﺮﻄﺿاﺢﻄﺳ نﺎﺸﻧارباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﻳﻊﻓرﺖﻬﺟيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ . ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشورﺮﻳﺎﺳ ياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑردباﺮﻄﺿا نآردﻪﻛﺖﺳانارﺎﻜﻤﻫومﺪﻘﻣيﺮﻛاذﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ،ﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗ نﻮﺴﻨﺑﻲﻧﻼﻀﻋيزﺎﺳمارآ باﺮﻄﺿاﺢﻄﺳﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺟﻮﻣ نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﻢﺴﻳﺮﺘﺗﺎﻛ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا رد نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺢﻄﺳﺶﻫﺎﻛياﺮﺑشورﻦﻳازاﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗيﺎﻫشوررﺎﻈﺘﻧارد ) 28 .( ﻞﻤﻋ زا ﻞﺒﻗ شزﻮﻣآ ﺰﻴﻧ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺷنارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاناﺰﻴﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺟﻮﻣ ناﻮﺗﻲﻣوﺖﺳاهﺪ ورﻦﻳازا ردﻞﻤﻜﻣﺐﻃيﺎﻫنﺎﻣردزاﻲﻜﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑش ﺖﻓﺮﮔهﺮﻬﺑﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑ ) 29 .( هﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺮﮕﻳدرد ردﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃاﺪﻧرادزﺎﻴﻧﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋزاﻞﺒﻗنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳا ﻞﻤﻋنﺎﻣزتﺪﻣوﺎﻫوراد،رﺎﻛشور،ﻲﺣاﺮﺟﻞﻤﻋدرﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﺣارسﺎﺴﺣاوﺪﺑﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛنﺎﺷباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺗﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧﺖﻓﺎﻳرد وﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗاريﺮﺘﻤﻛ ضراﻮﻋودردﺰﻴﻧﻞﻤﻋزاﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ردﻊﻗاو رد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻛﺬﻣﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و يﻮﻗ طﺎﺒﺗرا ،تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ونارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻲﺘﺣارﺐﺟﻮﻣﺎﻫنآتﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣاكردونارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷنﺎﻧآﻞﻤﻋزاﻞﺒﻗباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛ ) 30 .( ﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﻛداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿ ياﺮﺟازا ﺪﻌﺑنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﺾﺒﻧداﺪﻌﺗوﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﺳنﻮﺧرﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ؛ ودﻦﻴﺑﻪﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣرد نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ و لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣزاﺪﻌﺑوﻞﺒﻗﻲﻧﺎﻳﺮﺷﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣرﺎﺸﻓوﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺳﺎﻳد ﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻨ ﺸﻧهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣيرﺎﻣآراد ﺪ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
Hoya رﺎﺸﻓناﺰﻴﻣﻪﻛ دﻮﺑﺐﻠﻄﻣﻦﻳاﺪﻳﻮﻣﺰﻴﻧنارﺎﻜﻤﻫو مﺎﺠﻧازاﺪﻌﺑﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺴﻴﺳنﻮﺧ دﻮﺑﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﻲﻳورادﺮﻴﻏتﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ) 31 .( ردﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣﺶﺨﭘوﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآزاﻞﺒﻗشزﻮﻣآﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺮﮕﻳد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآ ﻦﻴﺣ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷداﺮﻓاﻚﻴﻟﻮﺘﺳﺎﻳد ) 32 .( وﻲﻣاﺮﻬﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣيﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺗهﺪﻨﻫدنﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧنارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺄ هﺪﻨﻫﺎﻛيﺎﻫشورشزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛ لوﺰﻴﺗرﻮﻛﺢﻄﺳوﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣﻢﻳﻼﻋتاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿا هدﻮﺑنﺎﻧزﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧايﺎﻫﻲﺣاﺮﺟياﺪﻳﺪﻧﺎﻛنارﺎﻤﻴﺑردمﺮﺳ ﺖﺳا ) 15 .( يﺮﻴﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ : تﻼﺧاﺪﻣﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآزا ﻦﻳاردﻪﺘﻓررﺎﻛﻪﺑيرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳوﺪﻧآرﺎﻈﺘﻧاردنارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺐﺒﺳﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗترﻮﺻردﺎﺗدﻮﻤﻧﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗنارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﻪﺑناﻮﺗﻲﻣﺪﻧﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺑ نوﺮﻘﻣ و ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢﻛ شور ﻦﻳا زا ،نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ نآ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ . دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺰﻴﻣيﺪﻌﺑتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرددﻮﺷﻲﻣ يﺎﻫشورزاﺪﻌﺑباﺮﻄﺿانا ﺮﻳﺎﺳزاهوﻼﻋﻪﺑ؛دﻮﺷهﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳﻲﻧﺎﻣردوﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ وددﺮﮔهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا باﺮﻄﺿاهﺪﻨﻫﺎﻛﻲﻳوراد ﺮﻴﻏيﺎﻫشور ددﺮﮔﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘﺎﺑﺎﻫنآﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘيﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑرد : ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﺘﻓر رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣ باﺮﻄﺿاهﺪﻨﻫﺎﻛﻲﻧﺎﻣرديﺎﻫشورﺮﻳﺎﺳﺎﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ و نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻫﺎﻛﺮﺑهوﻼﻋوﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ يﺎﻫ شور مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ رد ارﺖﻣﻼﺳمﺎﻈﻧونارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﺑهﺪﺷﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗيﺎﻫﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧﻢﻫاﺮﻓ . ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗو : هﺎﮕﺸﻧادبﻮﺼﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ رد ﻪﻴﻣورا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ 30 / 2 / 93 قﻼﺧا ﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ umsu.rec.1393.69 ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ . زاﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﻨﻳﺪﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃﷲاﺖﻳآﻲﻧﺎﻣردﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﺰﻛﺮﻣﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ،هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دارﺎﻣﻪﻛﻲﻧارﺎﻤﻴﺑﻪﻴﻠﻛونﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑمﺮﺘﺤﻣﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ حﺮﻃﻦﻳار دﻮﺷﻲﻣﻲﻧادرﺪﻗوﺮﻜﺸﺗ،ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧيرﺎﻳ . ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ :
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Cite this article as: Orujlu S, Hemmati-Maslakpak M. Effect of nursing interventions on anxiety and vital signs in patients undergoing endoscopy: a randomized clinical trial study. Journal ofClinical Nursing and Midwifery. 2014; 3(3): 36-43.
* Corresponding author:
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran. Tel:09144462412
E-mail: hemmatma@yahoo.com
Effect of nursing interventions on anxiety and vital signs in patients
undergoing endoscopy: a randomized clinical trial study
Orujlu S, Hemmati-Maslakpak M*
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran.
Received: 6/April/2014 Accepted: 23/Sep/2014
Background and aims: Gastrointestinal diseases are common disorders for which endoscopy is
one of the most important diagnostic procedures and due to the invasive nature of these procedures can cause fear and anxiety in patients.. Stress before an endoscopy procedure will lead to reducing the trend of patients and increasing the endoscopy time. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on anxiety and some vital signs in patients undergoing endoscopy.
Methods: This clinical trial semi-experimental study was carried out with participation of 80
patients undergoing endoscopy referred to Ayatollah Taleghani hospital of Urmia in 2012. Samples were selected by convenient sampling and allocated randomly to either experimental (n=40) or control groups (n=40). The experimental group received nursing interventions before endoscopy and endoscopy day. Anxiety level, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured in both groups before intervention and on endoscopy day (immediately before the procedure).
Results: The results showed that the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic
variables and there was not a significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The mean score of anxiety, blood pressure and pulse rate in intervention group decreased after nursing interventions and immediately before endoscopy and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Nursing interventions for patients undergoing endoscopy can reduce their anxiety
before performing this procedure. So, this method can be used as a non-pharmacological method for reducing anxiety in patients before performing invasive procedures.
