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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications

Szymon Bobek

Institute of Applied Computer Science

AGH University of Science and Technology

http://geist.agh.edu.pl

(2)

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Outline I

1

Introduction

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

4

Social and philosophical issues

(3)

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Presentation Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

4

Social and philosophical issues

5

Summary

(4)

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(5)

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Can submarine swim?

Artificial Intelligence

A question

”Can machine

think?”

is similar to a

question

”Can submarine

swim?”

.

Artificial intelligence is just a

simulation of real intelligence,

hence it requires appropriate

model.

Every model requires

constraints. The looser

constraints, the more difficult

the ”simulation”.

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

(7)

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In Theory

• Where you are, who you are with, what resources are nearby

(Schillit)

• Any informaiton that can be used to characterize the situation

of an entity (Dey)

• Individuality, activity, location, time, relations (Zimmerman)

• Set of variables that may be of interest for an agent and that

influence its actions (Bolchini)

Context

• Artificial intelligence methods

Aware

• Intelligent homes, intelligent cars, robotics

• Ambient intelligence, pervasive environments, ubiquitous

computing

• Mobile computing (location aware mobile applicaitons)

• Intelligent software (contextual advertising, etc.)

Systems

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(9)

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In Practice

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(11)

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In Practice

(12)

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(13)

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In Practice

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(15)

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Context is not only a location

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

(17)

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Acquire, represent, use

Collect

Interpret,

Represent,

Model

Process,

Use

(18)

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Presentation Outline

1

Introduction

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

4

Social and philosophical issues

(19)

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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications?

Because…

However…

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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications?

(21)

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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications?

Because…

However…

(22)

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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications?

(23)

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Why we do not want to build intelligent mobile

applications?

Because…

However…

We create the

„point”

Jakdojade.pl, Google

now, Google car

EIS @ AGH

Well…

No

point

Not

possible

No skills

No tools

(24)

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Presentation Outline

1

Introduction

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

(25)

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Android API and SensorManager

(26)

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AWARE

All in one solution

24 context providers implemented

Open source

http://www.awareframework.com

client and server solution

Plug-ins philosophy (so far about 15 plug-ins)

(27)

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AWARE

All in one solution

24 context providers implemented

Open source

http://www.awareframework.com

client and server solution

Plug-ins philosophy (so far about 15 plug-ins)

Service oriented architecture

(28)

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Estimote and Gimbal

Microlocation with beacons

Based on Bluetooth Low

Energy (BLE technology)

Opposite to GPS it allows

detecting device position

within a building or a room

Android and iOS API

Preorder for 99$

(29)

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Estimote and Gimbal

Microlocation with beacons

Based on Bluetooth Low

Energy (BLE technology)

Opposite to GPS it allows

detecting device position

within a building or a room

Android and iOS API

Preorder for 99$

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(31)

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It looks awesome, but...

(32)

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

(33)

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Why bother with models

For the same reason we...

...put data into database,

...use UML,

...design and plan things.

So we are able to...

...add structure to data

...add semantics to meaningless data

...enhance/allow/prepare data for processing

...allow data exchange and system interoperability

(34)

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(35)

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It looks awesome, but...

(36)

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(37)

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

5

Summary

(38)

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Android API

Geolocation

Entering the geofence

Entering and dwelling for

some period of time

Exiting the geofence

ActivityRecognition

The device is in a vehicle

The device is on a bicycle

The device is on a user who

is walking or running.

The device is still.

The device angle relative to

gravity changed significantly.

Unable to detect the current

activity.

(39)

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Machine Learning

(Not) a rocket science

BigData ;)

Weka, Matlab, Python for rapid

prototyping

JavaML for development

Examples

Clustering - for discovering

patterns, groups

Probabilistic graphical models

-for handling uncertainty,

predicting

Regression - for discovering

trends, patterns

(40)

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AWARE Framework

Framework support

Sensing

Processing (offline via

Context Providers, or on

the server side)

Sharing and

communicating (via

MQTT messages)

Binding with other

applications (via Context

Observers and Context

Broadcasters)

(41)

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It looks awesome, but...

(42)

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(43)

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Presentation Outline

1

Introduction

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

5

Summary

(44)

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Context vs. semantics

Fall detection

The context is that a person is laying on the floor

(45)

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Context vs. semantics

Fall detection

The context is that a person is laying on the floor

The semantic explains what does it mean

(46)

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

(47)

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Should user understand how system works?

Intelligibility

Ability of the system to explain how it works. Capability of being understood.

The Clippy Microsoft Agent has mostly been

abandoned because it made erroneous suggestions

with no explanation of why these suggestions were

being made

Amazon.com added a link under a user’s

recommendations: ”Why is this recommended for

you?”

Intelligibility improves usability, however only

when a system is certain its decisions

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Outline

1

Introduction

What is (Artificial) Intelligence

What are CAS

How to build CAS

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

Gathering context

Modelling context

Processing context

4

Social and philosophical issues

Semantics vs. context

Usability, intelligibility

Privacy

(49)

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Mind the... user

Locally or in a cloud

People do not feel comfortable sharing their location, and other personal

data.

Cloud sounds good only to developers – users prefer Dropbox, GoogleDrive.

Processing large amounts of information locally costs energy

(50)

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Presentation Outline

1

Introduction

2

General issues

3

Engineering issues

4

Social and philosophical issues

(51)

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In one word

(52)

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(53)

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In one word

(54)

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(55)

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Challenges

Under research

Energy consumption

Intelligibility and usability

Processing context, adaptability

Methodologies for building CAS, modelling techniques and procedures

(56)

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Thank you!

Szymon Bobek

Institute of Applied Computer Science

AGH University of Science and Technology

17 January 2014

http://geist.agh.edu.pl

http://wownow.pl

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