IoT Based Smart Irrigation System using Raspberry Pi

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July 7 2018, Sri Sunflower College of Engineering and Technology, Lankapalli, India.

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology (ISSN: 2455-3778), Volume 4, Special Issue 4, July 2018

162

IoT Based Smart Irrigation System using Raspberry Pi

Mr.P.Suresh

Associate Professor/Department of ECE SSCET, Lankapalli

Abstract—Today energy resources are becoming scarcer and therefore more valuable.

We are designing, a system for precision agriculture which provides farmers with useful data about the soil, Temperature, the water supply, and the general condition of their fields in a user friendly, easily accessible manner.

The detection and prevention of disease of plants from getting spread, this paper discussed a system using raspberry PI

This paper presents an smart irrigation system for agriculture farm with the use of devices like raspberry pi.

Python programming language is used for automation purpose. Using Open Computer Vision (Open CV) technology the images taken from the fields are analyzed and smart irrigation system is being applied. This paper focuses on online monitoring of agriculture field with the help of Wi- Fi parameters such as temperature and soil moisture.

I.INTRODUCTION

The contemporary world is in a transition stage where problems concerning global issues, such as global warming and alternative energy sources, are combined with new challenges demanding immediate solutions [1].

Society’s focus has shifted from economic growth to sustainable development, where environmental, social, and economic aspects are considered together, rather than separately. Policies that promote sustainability in all sectors of the economy (manufacturing, agriculture, and services) are now considered as a part of good governance. Problems such as climate change, population growth, and poverty (especially hunger), occur in a context of a gradual depletion of natural resources and the fear of diminishing coal energy reserves.

These are some of the global issues that are thought to require multidisciplinary approaches in order to be addressed successfully.

This system focus on agricultural production and cultivation. This overall process has a significant role in fulfilling the basic human need for food. The production, preparation, packaging, distribution, etc. of food also generates a lot of income.

The aim of this project is to exploit modern technologies and tools to improve monitoring and management of crops, in order to improve the efficiency and sustainability of farming and food production. To this end, we have designed a system for precision agriculture, which relies

Mukkollu Siva Naga Sai V prasanth,

V Naga dinesh babu, Department of ECE SSCET, Lankapalli

on a wireless sensor network combined with a service to provide individual farmers with access to data that they find useful.

The system utilizes wireless sensor nodes that collect and transmit data about the quality of the water supply, the soil, and other parameters in an agricultural field. While such sensor-based systems have been investigated earlier, one of the key innovations to be explored in this project is the combination of these sensors systems with a service-driven business model to increase their ease of use and to amplify the gains that can be realized via an integrated system. The goal is to give a farmer a more complete picture of the current and historic crop status in order to foster better informed decision making. [1]

It is expected that such decisions will benefit both farming and irrigation by saving time and resources. Factors such as the diversity of conditions which vary depending on location (for example weather, presence of insects, and disease) combined with the inability to predict the future characteristics of the environment during the different seasons over time complicate the decision making process and require specialized knowledge. This project is an attempt to bring some of these micro-environmental sources of information into the decision making process of farmers.

This paper presents an smart irrigation system for agriculture farm with the use of devices like raspberry pi.

Python programming language is used for automation purpose.

EXISTING SYSTEM

 The existing method and one of the oldest ways in Irrigation is the manual method of checking the parameters. [2,3]

 In this method the farmers they themselves verify all the parameters and calculate the readings using MATLAB based image processing.

 It focuses on developing devices and tools to manage, display and alert the users using the advantages of a wireless sensor network system II.OBJECTIVES &OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED

MECHANISM

A. Objectives

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 This paper presents an smart irrigation system for agriculture farm with the use of devices like raspberry pi. Python programming language is used for automation purpose.

 Using Open Computer Vision (Open CV) technology the images taken from the fields are analyzed and smart irrigation system is being applied.

 This paper contributes an efficient and fairly cheap automation irrigation system. System once installed has less maintenance cost and is easy to use.

 This paper focuses on online monitoring of agriculture field with the help of Wi-Fi parameters such as temperature and soil moisture.

 It is more advantageous than the traditional agriculture techniques.

 The controller –Raspbeery Pi- Is robust, and Cheap.

 Efficient Image processing – feature extraction algorithm- Open CV is used.

 Can save energy and water resources by proper monitoring. [4]

III.SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Raspberry pi is a pocket personal computer with Linux operating system installed on it. This is super cheap to encourage young people for learning, programming, experimenting and innovation. Resembling like motherboard, raspberry pi has all the components to connect inputs, outputs and storage. Its various components include

Fig: Block diagram of raspberry pi

ARM CPU/GPU: This is a Broadcom BCM2836 System on a Chip (SoC) that's made up of an Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 900 MHz central processing unit (CPU) Dual Core Video Core 4 graphics processing unit (GPU) Multimedia Co- Processor Provides Open GL ES 2.0, hardware-accelerated Open VG, and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode Capable of

1Gpixel/s, 1.5Gtexel/s or 24GFLOPs with texture filtering and DMA infrastructure. GPIO Connector: These are general purpose input/output connection points. 40-pin 2.54 mm (100 mil) expansion header: 2x20 strip Providing 27 GPIO pins as well as +3.3 V, +5 V and GND supply lines. RCA: This allows connection with analog TV or other similar points.

Audio Out: This point provides connection with audio out devices like speakers or headphones. 3.5mm jack, HDMI.

LED: This is used for indicator lights. USB: 4 x USB 2.0 Connector , Common connection port for peripheral devices like mouse, keyboard etc. HDMI: This allows connection with compatible devices like HD television with the use of HDMI cable. Power: Micro USB socket 5V, 2A. Memory card slot:

Micro SDIO Full-sized SD card slot to hold the LINUX operating system SD card and is required for booting.

Ethernet: This is used for wired network. 10/100 Base T Ethernet socket. Other features can be added with the help of USB port or the USB hub if required.[5,6]

Fig: proposed system

IV.HARDWARE USED

A. Power Supply

We use 12v power supply in our project. It is mainly used to provide DC voltage to the components on board.

The system is powered by a 9V transformer for NodeMCU module is apply from power supply. 5V is required for relay applied from power supply.[7,8]

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164 Fig: Components Of Power Supply

B. RASPBERRY PI

- Chip: Broadcom BCM2837 SoC - Core architecture: ARM11

- CPU: 1.2 GHZ Low Power ARM1176JZFS Applications.

- Provides Open GL ES 2.0, hardware-accelerated - Open VG, and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile - Decode

- -Capable of 1Gpixel/s, 1.5Gtexel/s or - 24GFLOPs with texturefiltering - and DMA infrastructure

- Memory: 1 GB SDRAM

- Operating System: Boots from Micro SD card, running a version of the Linux operating system

C. Temp Sensor LM-35

- Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade) - 0.5°C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25°C) - Rated for full −55° to +150°C range - Operates from4 to 30 volts

- Less than 60 μA current drain

- The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.

- The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the output voltage be amplified.

- Analyze the temperature in the Agriculture land for analyzing the required amount of irrigation required D. Humidity sensor

Humidity is the presence of water in air. The amount of water vapour in air can affect human comfort as well as many manufacturing processes in industries.

Humidity measurement in industries is critical because it may affect the business cost of the product and the health and safety of the personnel.

Here we are using a resistive type of humidity sensor.

- Resistive type humidity sensors pick up changes in the resistance value of the sensor element in response to the change in the humidity.

- Basic structure of resistive type humidity sensor from TDK is shown in the previous slide. Thick film conductor of precious metals like gold, ruthenium oxide is printed and calsinated in the shape of the comb to form an electrode.

E. Soil Moisture

- Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil.

- Soil moisture content may be determined via its effect on dielectric constant by measuring the capacitance between two electrodes implanted in the soil.

- Where soil moisture is predominantly in the form of free water (e.g., in sandy soils), the dielectric constant is directly proportional to the moisture content.

F. Level sensor

- Level sensors detect the level of liquids and other fluids and fluidized solids upper free surface.

- The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a certain place, while point- level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or below the sensing point.

- Generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low [9]

G. BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is a signalling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows.

 Rated Voltage: Max 30 Vp-p

 Current Consumption:12mA @ 10Vp-p Square Wave 4.1kHz

 Sound Pressure Level(10cm): 90dB @ 10Vp-p Square Wave 4.1kHz

 Flying Leads Fitted

 High and Clear Sound, audible for many metres - KPE-110

 Dimensions: 24mm Diameter, 5mm High, 29mm between mounting holes.

H. MOTOR

A motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion.

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165 Here a 12W DC Motor is rotated clockwise when an

alarm isgiven by a buzzer indicating that threshold level is reached and no more garbage can be dumped into the bin and then the lid of the bin gets closed automatically by the rotation of this motor.

VI.APPLICATIONS

 The primary applications for this project are for farmers and

 gardeners who do not have enough time to water crops/plants.

 Public places like parks gardens can use this system.

 Green house farming.

VII.RESULT

FIG:HARDWARE OF THE PROJECT

FIG: HARDWARE SETUP

VIII.CONCLUSION

The automated irrigation system is feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural production. The system would provide feedback control system which will

monitor and control all the activities of plant growth and irrigation system efficiently.

We are in need of technology in every field of life for process automation and effectiveness. Role of technology in agricultural field is increasing due to many reasons. Several challenges In this proposed system have presented the new innovative irrigation system based on the land temperature.

This exist due to diversity in pest detection and control methods. In this paper we reviewed pest control literature and classify control mechanism as non technological, technological and integrated pest management system comprises the water tank monitoring system and the land temperature monitoring system, this two systems make the irrigation fully automatic. The entire system is monitored and controlled by the power full credit card sized microcomputer called Raspberry Pi. Pi board is powered by Linux operating system

. [10,11]

REFERENCES

[1]. I. Bennis, H. Fouchal, O. Zytoune, D. Aboutajdine,

“Drip Irrigation System using Wireless Sensor Networks” Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, ACSIS, Vol. 5, 2015.

[2]. Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel Porta- Gándara, “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 63, no. 1, January 2014.

[3]. Sangamesh Malge, Kalyani Bhole, “Novel, Low cost Remotely operated smart Irrigation system" 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC) College of Engineering Pune, India. May 28-30, 2015

[4]. Nikhil Agrawal, Smita Singhal, “Smart Drip Irrigation System using Raspberry pi and Arduino”

International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2015) . [5]. Pravina B. Chikankar, Deepak Mehetre, Soumitra

Das, “An Automatic Irrigation System using ZigBee in Wireless Sensor Network,” 2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing (ICPC).

[6]. Sneha Angal “Raspberry pi and Arduino Based Automated Irrigation System” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016

[7]. Bhagyashree K.Chate , Prof.J.G.Rana , “Smart irrigation system using Raspberry pi “International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2016,

[8]. Suprabha Jadhav1, Shailesh Hambarde,” Android based Automated Irrigation System using Raspberry

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166 Pi”, International Journal of Science and Research

(IJSR), Volume 5 Issue 6, June 2016

[9]. Nikhil Agrawal , Smita Singhal “Smart Drip Irrigation System using Raspberry pi and Arduino”

International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2015) [10] Gajjala Ashok, Gogada Rajasekar, “ Smart Drip

Irrigation System using Raspberry Pi and Arduino”

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology for Technology,2016

[11]HemaN., Krishna Kant, “Local Weather Interpolation Using Remote AWSData with Error Corrections Using Sparse WSN forAutomated Irrigation for Indian Farming”, 978-1- 4799-5173-4/14/$31.00

Authors Profile

1. Mukkolu siva Nagasai Received the BTech degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Sri Sunflower College Of Engineering And Technology, Lankapalli, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2018.

2. V.Prasanth Received the BTech degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Sri Sunflower College Of Engineering And Technology, Lankapalli, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2018.

3. V. Naga Dinesh babu Received the BTech degree in Electronics and Communication engineering from Sri Sunflower College Of Engineering And Technology, Lankapalli, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2018.