Tekla Structures

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Keyboard Shortcuts

REPRESENTATION FOR PARTS

Wire frame CTRL + 1

Shaded wire frame CTRL + 2 Rendered (black) CTRL + 3

Rendered CTRL + 4

Rendered (dark colors) CTRL + 5

REPRESENTATION FOR COMPONENT PARTS

Wire frame SHIFT + 1

Shaded wire frame SHIFT + 2 Rendered (black) SHIFT + 3

Rendered SHIFT + 4

Rendered (dark colors) SHIFT + 5

GENERAL SHORTCUTS

Open CTRL + O

Save CTRL + S

Properties ALT + ENTER

Undo CTRL + Z

Redo CTRL + Y

Interrupt ESC

Repeat the last command ENTER

CopyCHANGED! CTRL + C

MoveCHANGED! CTRL + M

Delete DEL

Drag and drop D

Pan P

Middle button panCHANGED! SHIFT + M

Move right x

Move left z

Move down y

Move up w

Center by cursor INS

Zoom original HOME

Zoom in/out PG UP/PG DN

Zoom previous END

Rotate using mouse CTRL + R

Rotate using keyboard CTRL + arrow keys, SHIFT + arrow keys

Ortho O

Relative coordinate input @, R Absolute coordinate input $, A

Next position TAB

Previous position SHIFT + TAB

Xsnap T

SmartSelect S

Select ﬁlter CTRL + G

Add to selection SHIFT Toggle selection CTRL Lock X, Y or Z coordinates X, Y or Z

Select all select switch F2 Select parts select switch F3 Snap to reference lines/points F4 Snap to geometry lines/points F5 Snap to nearest points F6 Snap to any position F7 Advanced options CTRL + E Inquire object SHIFT + I

Free measure F

MODELING SHORTCUTS

Create new model CTRL + N Open the Views list CTRL + I Create clip plane SHIFT + X Rollover highlight H Set view rotation point V

AutorotateCHANGED! SHIFT + R, SHIFT + T Disable view rotation F8

3D / Plane CTRL + P

Fly (in perspective views) SHIFT + F

Select all CTRL + A

Select assembly ALT + object

Hide object SHIFT + H

Snapshot F9, F10, F11, F12

Undo last polygon pick Backspace Finish polygon input Space bar Open component catalog CTRL + F Create AutoConnection CTRL + J

Phase manager CTRL + H

Clash check SHIFT + C

Drawing Wizard CTRL + W

Drawing list CTRL + L

Clone drawing CTRL + D

Print drawings SHIFT + P

Create report CTRL + B

DRAWING SHORTCUTS

Associative symbol SHIFT + A Black and white drawing B

Ghost outline SHIFT + G

Open next drawing CTRL + PG DN Open previous drawing CTRL + PG UP Create an orthogonal dimension G

USER COORDINATE SYSTEM (UCS) SHORTCUTS

Set coordinate system origin U

Set coordinate system by two points SHIFT + U Toggle orientation CTRL + T

Reset current CTRL + 1

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DEFINING SHORTCUTS

If you frequently use certain commands, assign keyboard shortcuts to them. You will ﬁnd it faster than using the icons and menus.

To assign a shortcut to a command:

• Click Tools > Customize... to open the

Customize dialog box.

• Click on the command on the list on the left.

• Use the Filter list box to ﬁnd commands easily. Click the down arrow to select subgroups of commands.ALL displays all the commands

available in Tekla Structures. You can also type in the command name to search for commands.

• Use the Shortcut ﬁelds to assign a shortcut to the command. You can use a single letter, or combine a letter with the Shift, Alt or Ctrl key.

• Move the command to the Menu list by clicking the right arrow. This will activate the shortcut and also add the command in the User menu.

• Click Close to exit the Customize dialog box.

For more information, see Online help, Appendix E > Reserved shortcuts.

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Basic Modeling 1

Tekla Structures 12.0 Basic Training

September 19, 2006

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1 Basic Modeling 1

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1.1 Start Tekla Structures

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1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1

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1.3 Create Grids

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1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines

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1.5 Create Foundations

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1.6 Create Columns

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1.7 Create Beams

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1.8 Create Slabs

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1 Basic Modeling 1

We will go through the basic functions of Tekla Structures: How to create a new structural 3D model, and how to create grids (i.e. module lines), grid views and structural members in the model. As a result of this lesson the model will look as shown below.

In this lesson

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1.1 Start Tekla Structures

To start Tekla Structures, click the WindowsStart button. Navigate throughPrograms > Tekla Structures > Tekla Structures enu Europe. This will start Tekla Structures in European environment using English language.

The modeling user interface is now opened. At first, most of the menu options and all the icons are gray indicating that they are inactive. When you open an existing model or create a new model, the icons and available menu options become active.

Start Tekla Structures

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1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1

To start a new model, you first need to create an empty model database with a unique name. In this lesson use the name BasicModel1.

1. SelectFile > New… from the pull-down menu or click theNewmodel icon in the Standardtoolbar to open theNew model dialog box.

Start a new model

2. At the center of the dialog box, Tekla Structures suggests the name "New Model" for the model. The full path of the model folder is shown in the first field.

3. Replace the name "New Model" by BasicModel1.

4. Click theOK button (or Enter) to create the new model.

The menus and icons become activated and the model name appears in the title bar of the Tekla Structures window.

Every model must have a unique name. Tekla Structures does not allow duplicate model names. Do not use special marks ( / \ ; : | ) in model names.

You can only have one model open at a time. If you already have a model open, Tekla Structures prompts you to save that model.

Tekla Structures automatically created a grid and a view according to the saved standard view properties. The default 3D view and grid are shown below.

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Cyan dash-and-dot lines show the projections of the grids which are visible on the view plane. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green, dashed lines. For more information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics.

To save the model: Save the model

5. SelectFile > Save from the pull-down menu or click theSave icon in theStandard toolbar.

Remember to save your model every now and then, and always when opening another model or exiting Tekla Structures.

Tekla Structures includes also an auto save feature that backs up and saves your work automatically at set intervals. These are set in theAutosave propertiesdialog box obtained from the Setup > Autosave… pull-down menu.

For more information on saving and auto saving, see:

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics > Saving a model and exiting Tekla Structures

Most commands of Tekla Structures are found both in menus (main or pop-up) and in toolbars (icons). In this training manual we will mainly use the pop-up menu to activate commands.

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There are several ways to execute commands in Tekla Structures: x Icons

x Commands in main pull-down menu x Commands in pop-up menu

By default all the commands are found in pull-down menu, and most of them in the icons. A pop-up menu appears when you click the right mouse button (right-click). If you have an object selected, the commands on the pop-up menu relate to that object.

For more information on Tekla Structures screen layout and toolbars, see:

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Screen layout Help: Modeling > Introduction > Toolbars

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1.3 Create Grids

To create the appropriate grid for BasicModel1 as shown above, you can delete the existing grid and create a new one from thePoints > Grid… pull-down menu. Alternatively you can modify the existing grid.

To modify the existing grid: Modify the

existing grid

1. Double-click on the gridline.

2. Complete the appearingGrid dialog box as shown below by filling in the X, Y and Z coordinates and the labels for the gridlines.

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3. ClickModify to apply the new grid values.

4. Enter the grid file name, GRID1, and click theSave as button to save the grid values for later use. The settings are saved in the file GRID1.grd, which is stored in theattributes subfolder of your model folder.

For more information on grids and dialog box buttons, see:

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Inputting information > Common buttons

The number of decimals used in theGrid dialog box (as well as in other modeling dialog boxes) can be controlled from theUnits and decimals... dialog box obtained from theSetup pull-down menu.

When the grid was modified, the work area of the view, shown with the green dashed line, was not updated.

To fit the work area according to the modified grid: Fit work area

1. Click the view to activate it.

2. Right-click and selectFit work area from the pop-up menu.

The view should now look as shown below:

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1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines

We will now create Elevation and Plan views along the gridlines created in the previous section.

A view is a representation of a model from a specific location. Each view is displayed in its own window inside the Tekla Structures window. Each view has a view plane on which the grids are visible and points are represented as yellow crosses. Points outside the view plane appear as red dots.

For more information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views. To create views along gridlines,

Create grid views

1. Select one gridline.

2. Right-click and selectCreate view > Grid views from the pop-up menu to open the Creation of views along grid lines dialog box.

3. Change the View properties as shown above and click theShow… button of the XY view plane to open theView properties dialog box.

4. Change theView depth values as shown below and clickOK to close the dialog box.

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5. Select the number of views asAll and click Create in theCreation of views along grid lines dialog box.

TheViews dialog box appears presenting all the created views. All invisible named views are listed on the left, and all visible views on the right.

For more information on view properties, see:

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > View properties

To display or hide views: Display or hide

views

1. Click theOpen named view list icon to open theViewsdialog box (which is now already open).

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2. Select the view(s) you want to display or hide.

3. Use the arrows to move view(s) from left to right (visible) or vice versa (invisible).

Do not keep too many views open at the same time. Nine is the maximum number of open views. You can open or close named views by clicking the Open named view list icon. Delete unnecessary views from the view list. To switch between views, pressCtrl+Tab.

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You can rotate the model in a 3D view with rendered view type. Rotate the model

1. Press the keyv.

2. In the view, pick a center of rotation.

3. Hold down theCtrl key, and click and drag with the middle mouse button.

With the shortcutCtrl+P you can change the view angle between 3D and Plane, which is very useful.

Change between 3D / Plane

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1.5 Create Foundations

We will now create foundations for the BasicModel1.

Column footing

To create footings for columns: 1800*1800 footing

1. Double-click on theCreate pad footingicon. This will openPad footing properties dialog box.

2. Complete thePad footing properties dialog box as shown below and clickApply.

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3. In the 3d view, pick the grid intersection A-1 to create the footing.

4. Create the rest of the 1800*1800 footings at other intersections of gridline A by picking each position.

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position on work plane Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position depth

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile

You can undo (and redo) previous commands one by one since the last save by clicking the icons or typingCtrl + Z (Undo) andCtrl + Y (Redo).

While still in the command, 2700*2700 footing

5. Complete thePad footing properties dialog box for a 2700*2700 footing as shown below andApply this.

The footings on gridline B need offsetting from the gridline because there will be additional columns modeled afterwards. This offset will be accomplished by adjusting theVertical Position value in thePad footing properties dialog box.

6. Create the footings at intersections of the gridline B. 7. Right click and selectInterrupt to end the command.

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The commands will stay active until you interrupt them.

To end commands, right-click and selectInterrupt from the pop-up menu, or press theEsc key.

To restart the last command used, press Enter.

Foundations for silos – parametric profiles

We will create two identical circular foundations for the silos. At first, one foundation will be created at the coordinate 4500,4500,0 and then the other foundation will be created as a copy of the first one.

Tekla Structures contains standard (library), parametric, and user-defined profiles. For the foundation, we will use parametric profiles.

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Appendix A: Parametric Profiles

1. Double-click on theCreate pad footing icon. Create footing

2. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below and clickApply. You can select the profile for a part from the Select profile dialog box that opens next to theProfile field in the part properties dialog box.

You can as well enter a profile name in theProfile field in the part properties dialog box.

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3. Type 4500,4500 to define the position for the footing (typing the numbers automatically displays theEnter a numeric location dialog box).

4. PressEnter(or click OK) and the foundation is created.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping

1. Click the footing once to select it. Copy the footing

2. Right click and selectCopy special > Translatefrom the pop-up menu.. 3. Click copy.

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Now the footings should look as shown below:

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1.6 Create Columns

We will first create two of the columns and then use theCopy command to create the other columns.

You can create your columns and beams either in steel or concrete! Follow the left side of the instruction for steel and the right side for concrete.

To create the first two columns. Create

steel/concrete columns

Create steel columns

1. Double-click on theCreate column icon.

Create concrete columns

1. Double-click on theCreate concrete column icon.

2. Complete theColumn properties dialog box as shown below.

2. Complete theConcrete column properties dialog box as shown below.

3. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and then clickApply.

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4. Pick the intersection of gridlines A-1 to create one column, and then pick grid B-1 to create the second column.

1. Select the columns that you just created by dragging a window across them. Copy columns

2. Right click and selectCopy special> Translate… from the pop-up menu. Complete the dialog box as shown below and clickCopy.

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Now all the columns appear in the model.

When you want to model identical structures, you can alternatively create one footing (and its reinforcement), the steel column on top of it and the base plate connection between the footing and the column, and copy this structural entity to all other positions of similar structures.

You can select multiple parts in the model by holding down theCtrl-key when selecting objects in the model.

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Selecting model objects > How to select objects

Silos

We will now model the steel silos by using solid parametric profiles. A more precise alternative would be to create the silo as a circular hollow section with a contour plate welded on top of it.

1. To create the silos, double-click on theCreate column icon. Create silos

2. Complete theColumn properties dialog box as shown below, and then clickApply.

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3. Pick the top point of the first silo footing and then the other.

Now the silos appear in the model.

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The visibility of objects in views depends on the work area, view depth, view setup, and view filter. You can also temporarily hide parts in a view by using theHidetool (on the pop-up menu).

In the pictures hereafter all the model objects created may not always be visible.

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > Displaying and hiding objects in views

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1.7 Create Beams

Level 3850 beams

We will first create the beams at the +3850 level and then copy them (using the select filter) to the two upper levels. Again, you can create the beams either in steel or in concrete. 1. Open thePLAN +3850 view.

Create steel/concrete beams

Create steel beams

2. Double-click on theCreate beam icon.

Create concrete beams

2. Double-click on theCreate concrete beam icon.

3. Complete theBeam properties dialog box as shown andApply.

3. Complete theConcrete beam properties dialog box as shown.

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4. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and Apply.

5. In thePLAN +3850 view pick the intersection of gridlines A-4 and then B-4.

6. Continue at gridlines 5, 6, and 7.

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When inputting horizontal members always pick from left to right or from bottom to top for consistency purposes.

Copy beams to upper levels

1. Choose the select filter optionbeam_filter from the drop down list.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Filter > Select filter

Filter beams

2. By dragging the mouse, select an area in the model as shown below.

1. Open theGrid 7 view, right-click and selectCopyfrom the pop-up menu. Copy beams

2. Pick the gridline intersection B-3850 and then B-7350. 3. Copy beams to level +13400 by repeating steps 1-2.

4. Change the select filter option back tostandard to enable also the selection of other objects than beams.

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Level 13400 beams

Next we will create beams at the view +13400 level.

By using the same beam properties that we applied earlier, create the missing beams at the gridline intersections shown in the figure below.

Create grid beams

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Next we will create beams in locations where no gridlines intersect. The snapping tools help you pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or layout additional lines or points.

Create the rest of the beams

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping

1. Double-click one of the existing beams in the model and press Apply. Create beam A

2. Start the beam command. 2. Start the concrete beam command.

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3. Make sure only the Snapto reference lines / points icon of the two main snap switches on the right is pressed down.

4. Make sure theSnap to mid points and Snap to end points icons are pressed down.

5. Pick a midpoint of the beam between A-2 and A-3 and then the midpoint of the beam between B-2 and B-3.

We will pick the start position of beam B by using the gridline intersection A-1 as a temporary reference point and tracking along gridline 1 in the direction of intersection B-1 for 9000 mm.

Create beam B

We will then pick the second position of beam B using the temporary snap switch Perpendicular.

1. Start the beam command. 1. Start the concrete beam command. Pick the first

position of beam B

2. Hold down theCtrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 as the origin to show the “From” location coordinates.

3. Then use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction (e.g. to gridline intersection B-1).

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4. Type 9000 for the numeric location. (TheEnter a numeric location dialog box will open automatically.)

5. Press OK orEnter and the cursor snaps to the correct position. (=9000 mm from A-1 in the direction of B-1).

6. Right click and selectPerpendicular. Pick second

position of beam B

7. Pick the second position on beamA (see below).

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While still in the beam command, Create beam C

8. Right click and selectIntersection for snap override.

9. Pick the intersection of beam B and gridline 2 and then the intersection of gridlines B-2.

We will first create one of the beams that frame around the silo and then by using theCopy > Rotate command create the other three.

Create beam D

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Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy >Rotate…

1. Hold down theCtrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 to show the “From” location coordinates, use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction. (E.g. grid intersection B-1).

2. Type 4000 for the numeric location and pressEnter, the cursor snaps to the correct position.

3. Type the letter O on the keyboard to snap to positions in orthogonal directions on the work plane (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees).

4. Let the cursor snap to the midpoint as shown below and pick. 5. Type the letter O to turn the ortho off.

1. Select the beam that you just created. Copy rotate the

beam

2. Right click and selectCopy special > Rotate… from the pop-up menu.

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3. Pick the center point of the silo as the point to define the rotation (select a view in which the silos are visible and pick near the circumference to snap to the center point). The origin X0 and Y0 values will appear in the dialog box.

4. Complete the other fields in the dialog. 5. ClickCopy.

We will now copy the beams to the other silo. Copy translate the

beam to the other

silo 1. Select the beams shown highlighted in the picture below (press theCtrl key to add parts to the selection).

2. Copy special > translate… them 9000 mm in the x direction.

Bracing

Working in theGrid A elevation view, we will input the vertical steel bracing members using theCreate beam tool.

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1. Double-click on theCreate beam icon. Create braces a

and b

2. Complete theBeam properties dialog box as shown below andApply.

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3. In the 3d view create brace a by first picking the gridline intersection A-2 and then the midpoint of column A-3.

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4. Create brace b by picking the top position of column A-2 and then midpoint of column A-3.

We can see from the drawing above that the lower end of the brace needs 200 mm offsetting from the grid level. Now we will use handles to move the part end.

Use handle to move brace end

Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location

1. Select brace a to display the handles.

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2. Select the yellow handle (Tekla Structures then highlights the handle).

3. Right click and selectMove special > Translate… to move the handle 200 mm upwards.

4. ClickMove.

5. Repeat the procedure to move brace b’s top handle 1000 mm downwards. 1. Select braces a and b.

Copy mirror braces a and b

2. Right click and selectCopy special > Mirror…

3. In the 3d view, pick grid A-3 then grid B-3 to define the mirror line. 4. ClickCopy.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy >Mirror…

Now we have modeled all the steel and concrete members in Model1. The model should look like in the picture below.

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1.8 Create Slabs

Concrete hollow-core slabs

We will now create concrete hollow-core slabs. Instead of positioning the slabs to the gridline intersection we will model the slabs to the face of the steel columns.

In the PLAN +13400 view: Create

hollow-core slabs

1. Double-click on theCreate concrete beam icon.

2. Complete theConcrete beam properties dialog box as shown andApply.

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If you have modeled steel columns and beams:

3. Pick the intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 4 and then the intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to geometry lines/points is active).

If you have modeled concrete columns and beams:

3. Pick the intersection of the column outer border and gridline 4 and then the

intersection of the column outer border and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to geometry lines/points is active).

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1. Select the slab that you just created. Copy the slabs in

y direction

2. Right click and selectCopy special > Translate… from the pop-up menu.

3. Type 1200 in thedY field of theCopy – translate dialog box and 10 as the number of copies.

1. Drag an area select, selecting all the concrete slabs. Copy the slabs in

x direction

2. Right click and selectCopy > Translate… from the pop-up menu. 3. Type 6000 in thedX field of theCopy - translate dialog box.

4. ClickCopy.

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Copy hollow-core slabs to levels 7350 and 3850

1. Hold down theCtrl key and select all the hollow-core slabs by dragging 3 areas through the slabs.

Copy the slabs

2. Still holding down theCtrl key, pick the two slabs shown in the picture below to unselect them.

3. Right click and selectCopy special > Translate… from the pop-up menu.

4. Enter -6050 in thedZ field of theCopy special > Translate dialog box, clickCopy. 5. Enter -9550 in thedZ field of theCopy special > Translate dialog box, clickCopy.

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Concrete slab

1. Double-click on theCreate concrete slab icon. Start the slab

command

2. Complete theConcrete slab properties dialog box as shown andApply.

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3. In the PLAN +13400 view pick pointA (intersection of column flange outer face and gridline 1, shown in the drawing above).

Pick positions for the slab

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4. Let the cursor snap to the position just picked (do not pick!) and press y to lock the y coordinate.

5. Let the cursor now snap to the end point of the beam near pointB and pick.

6. Press y to release the coordinate lock.

7. Pick pointC.

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8. Pick pointD.

9. Click the middle mouse button to create the slab.

1. Select the slab that you just created. Copy concrete

slab

2. Copy – translate the slab 9000 mm in x direction.

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Create in-situ slabs

Before we add reinforcements to concrete members we need to create additional 600 mm wide in-situ slabs beside the hollow-core slab area in first and second floors. For this, zoom in to first floor in gridlinesA and5 – 6.

1. Double-click on theCreate concrete slab icon. 2. Set the profile height to 175 mm.

3. PressOK to close the dialog.

4. Start picking the polygon shape at the middle of the hollow-core slab in gridline 5.

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5. Write:R then add0, 600, to theEnter a numeric location dialog and pressOK.

6. Write:R then add6050, 0, to theEnter a numeric location dialog and pressOK. 7. Write:R then add0, -600, to theEnter a numeric location dialog and pressOK. 8. Close the polygon with middle button.

Now select the slab and copy it3500.00 mm in z-direction usingCopy special > Translate… right button command.

Now the Model1 framework is finished.

Links to additional information

Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Single user mode vs multiuser mode

Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Languages and environments

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System Components

for Precast Concrete

Tekla Structures 12.0 Basic Training

September 19, 2006

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Contents ... 1

2 System Components for Precast Concrete ... 2

2.1 About System Connections ...2

2.2 Create System Connections ...4

2.3 Create Rebars Using System Components ...15

2.4 Modify All the Corbel Connections...32

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2 System Components for

Precast Concrete

This lesson introduces the basics of creating system components in Tekla Structures. You will learn how to:

In this lesson

x Create connection and reinforcement components x Work with component properties

x Save the properties for later use.

2.1 About System Components

You can model connections, reinforcements, etc, quickly with the Tekla Structures system components.

The greatest benefits of using system components are:

x The connection properties can be saved with a particular name so that they can be used later. These properties can then be used for all projects.

x When you modify a main object's profile in the model, all of the connections to the object are automatically modified at the same time.

x If you select options such as move or copy, all components are automatically included. x With AutoDefaults you can create rules defining when to use different component

properties.

All available system components are located in the component catalog, which can be opened using Ctrl+F or by clicking the binocular icon on the component toolbar.

When applying a connection that you are unfamiliar with, accept the default properties and create the connection. Then look to see what needs to be modified. This is usually quicker than trying to set the values for the connection before seeing what the connection actually creates.

Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Creating components Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Component concepts

Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Picking order Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Up direction

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Check clashing of structures

In lesson 1 we created a model of a small industrial structure. To complete the model we will need to connect the parts. Before creating the connections usually all of the members in the model collide with other members.

By using theClash check command we can check which parts in the model collide. We will run a clash check now and then again after the connections components have been applied.

Help: Modeling > Settings and Tools > Querying objects > Clash check

Check clashing

1. Select all of the parts of the model by dragging an area select around the whole model. 2. Right-click and selectClash check.

Tekla Structures highlights the colliding parts in yellow and displays the clash check log in theList dialog box. You can see that all the parts in the model collide.

3. Select any clashing parts on the list and Tekla Structures highlights them in the model.

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2.2 Create System Components

Next we will create connection components to beam-to-beam and beam-to-column situations. The connections will automatically fit the concrete members.

Use of components:

x Click once on the component icon to activate the command. x Double-click on the component icon to activate the command and

open the component dialog.

Note: if you click again on an already active command, the command will be deactivated.

Fitting concrete members

The beams between gridlines 1 and 4 at elevation +13400 will be in-situ concrete beams. In lesson 3 we will create a cast unit out of the beams, but first we will need to fit the beams and columns. We will use the battering component.

1. Open the component catalog by clicking on the binocular icon or by typingCtrl+F.

2. To see pictures of the connection, check that theThumbnails icon is active, see below. 3. Type "battering" into the upper field and click on theSearch button.

1. Double-click on theBattering connection (13) icon to activate the command and open the dialog.

Set the connection parameters

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2. Change the distance to –380 as shown on the dialog below.

3. ClickApply to take the component setting in to use (the dialog is left open). 4. Pick the column and then a beam at grid intersection A-1 to extend the beam. Extend beams

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5. Repeat for grid intersections A-4, B-1, B-2, B-3 and B-4. 6. Leave the command running.

1. Selectstandard from the drop-down menu at the top of the dialog and clickLoad (the clearance value field is cleared).

Change the connection parameters

2. ClickOK to apply the settings and close the dialog.

3. Pick the extended beam at the grid intersection A-1 and then the other beam. The secondary beam is fit according to the primary beam.

Shorten all the other beams

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4. Repeat the procedure for all those beam-to-beam situations in the model where beams clash with each other.

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Next cut the column on grid A-4 in the same way: Shorten the

columns

1. Pick beam. 2. Pick column.

3. Repeat to all the columns on gridlines 1 to 4. (Note! If you are working on level +13400 and the view depth is 500, you may not see the cut columns, but they are visible in other views.)

4. Interrupt the command.

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Create corbel connection

We will use the Corbel connection (14) to create corbels to columns on gridlines 4 to 7 at elevations +3850 and +7350. The corbel is automatically added to the same cast unit as the column. This connection will cut the beam and add a bearing pad and a reinforcing bar according to the connection settings. For more information on the corbel connection click the Help… icon on the connection dialog.

1. ClickCtrl+F and find Corbel connection (14).

2. Double-click on the connection icon to open the connection dialog. 3. Change the component settings according to the dialog below. Set the

connection parameters

4. Accept the settings by clickingOK.

5. At grid A-4, elevation +3850, pick the column and then the beam. Create the

connection

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6. Interrupt the command.

Check connection

To make it easier to check the connection you created, you can create views from different sides of a selected connection. In the view the work area is closely fitted around the connection.

1. Select the component. Create connection

basic views Select

connection 2. Right mouse click.

3. SelectCreate view > Component basic views.

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4. Keep the connection front view open and close the other connection basic views.

We will now check that the corbel dimensions are as we defined on the connection dialog.

Help: Modeling > Settings and Tools > Querying objects > Measure

Check dimensions

1. ClickCreate x measure.

2. Pick two points at the edges of the corbel.

3. Pick a third point to define the dimension line location.

4. Check also the y dimensions.

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We will now check the cast unit.Help: Modeling > Parts > Cast units and assemblies

Check cast unit

1. Press downALT and then pick column. The corbel will also be highlighted.

The corbel and the other connection objects are automatically added to the column cast unit.

1. Reactivate theCorbel connection (14) command. Create the rest of

the corbel

connections 2. Repeat the creation procedure to all the other column-beam situations on gridlines 4 to 7 at elevations +3850 and +7350.

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Create dowel connection

Next we will create dowel connections in the beam-to-column situations on gridlines 5 to 7 at elevation +13400. We will use theSeating with dowel (75) connection. This connection automatically fits the column according to the beam. It also creates the necessary cuts to the beam, adds a bearing pad and the dowel according to the connection settings. For more information on the Dowel connection click on theHelp… icon on the connection dialog. 1. ClickCtrl+F and find Dowel connection (75).

2. Use the default settings (click the connection only once). 3. Pick the column and the beam on grid B-7, elevation +13400. Create the

connection

5. Repeat in all the beam-to-column situations on gridlines 5 to 7 at elevation +13400.

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Create cuts to hollow-core slab corners

We will next fit the hollow-core slab corners to the columns. For this we'll use the grating penetration component.

1. FindGrating penetration component (92)in the component catalog. 2. Double-click on the icon to open the properties dialog.

3. Set the Penetration type to Rectangular and the clearance around the column to 20 mm. Set the

connection parameters

4. Close the dialog with OK.

5. At grid A-4, elevation +3850, pick the hollow-core slab. Create the

connection

6. Pick the column.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for all other hollow-core slab corners that collide with columns.

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2.3 Create Rebars Using System Components

Once you have created and detailed a model of concrete parts, you may need to reinforce the parts. Reinforcing macros create the entire reinforcement of a part in one go. The

reinforcement is created according to the component attributes. Reinforcement created using a component is updated automatically if the dimensions of the reinforced concrete part change.

See more about reinforcements in Tekla Structureshelp: Detailing > Reinforcement > Getting started with reinforcement and in help: Detailing > Reinforcement > Basic reinforcement properties.

Reinforcing pad footings

We will first put reinforcements into the 1800*1800 pad footings, which are 650 mm high. For this we use the Pad footing reinforcing macro. For more information click theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

1. Find the Pad footing (77) component in the component catalog. Define component

parameters

2. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. 3. Check the cover thicknesses on the Picture tab page:

4. Next define primary bars as described below. Select the grade and size from theSelect reinforcing bar dialog, which opens when you push the button in the size field. Exit the dialog withOK.

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5. Use the same settings for the secondary bars and put 12 mm reinforcement in 200 mm intervals.

6. Then you need to set the lacer bars as described below.

7. Save the values in theSave as field with the name 1800*1800-650. 8. Close the dialog with OK.

9. Now pick the Pad footing at A-1 sized 1800*1800*650. The macro generates the reinforcement inside the pad footing.

Create

reinforcements

10. Repeat to all the other 1800*1800*650 sized pad footings.

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You can create reinforcements components to multiple parts by using area select, e.g. activate component, area select all pad footings on grid line A. Note, if you already have reinforcement created e.g. A&1 and you area select it together with the others, second set of reinforcements will be created.

For pad footings on gridline B we will use the Pilecap reinforcement component, which creates reinforcement also to the top of the footing. For more information click the help in the component dialog.

1. Find the Pilecap reinforcement (76)component in the component catalog. Define component

parameters

2. Double-click on the reinforcing component to define the properties to be used. 3. Check the cover thicknesses on the Picture tab page:

4. Next definetop primary and secondary bars as described below. Select the grade and the size in theSelect reinforcing bar dialog, which opens when you click on the button […] in the size field. Exit the dialog withOK. With these settings, top bars will be created only under columns 150% of the column size.

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5. Now definebottom bars for primary and secondary directionsusing 16 mm bars in 150 mm spacing, bend length on both sides is 700 mm. The bottom bars don't need to suit the piles, so you can use the default in that field and leave the % fields empty.

6. Then set 10 mm diameter lacer bars at 200 mm intervals starting at 100 and ending at 700 mm.

7. Save the values in theSave as field with the name 2700*2700-850. 8. Close the dialog with OK.

9. Now pick first the Pad footing sized 2700*2700*850 at B-1, then the column on top of the footing. End with clicking the middle mouse button. The macro generates the reinforcement inside the pad footing and concentrates top bars under the column. Create

reinforcements

10. Repeat step 9 for all pad footings on gridline B.

Reinforcing columns

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We will now create reinforcements into columns using the Rectangular column reinforcement component. See more information by clicking theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

1. FindRectangular column reinforcement (83)in the component catalog. Define component

parameters to be used on gridlines 5 to 7

2. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used.

3. Turn on side bars, and define cover thickness and rebar diameters as described below:

4. Set the top bars so that they hold the dowel as shown below:

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5. And the bottom bars as shown below:

6. PressOK to close the dialog.

7. Pick the column on grid intersection A-7, and the component generates reinforcements inside the column.

Create

reinforcements

8. Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridlines A and B between gridlines 5 and 7. . (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 17)

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We will now change the component settings to be used on the columns between gridlines 1 and 4.

1. Double-click on the component in the component catalog again. Define component

parameters to be used on gridlines 1 to 4

2. Change the main rebars to come out from the top of the column (into the in-situ beams) as shown below.

3. Turn off the top rebars.

4. ClickOK to lock the settings and close the dialog.

5. Pick the column at A-1, and the component creates reinforcements as defined. Create

reinforcements

6. Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridlines A and B between gridlines 1 and 4. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 17)

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We will next reinforce the column corbels using the Corbel reinforcement (81) component. See more information by clicking theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

1. Find the Corbel reinforcement (81)in the catalog. 2. Click the component icon once to active the command.

3. Pick first the column, then the corbel and end the selection with the middle mouse button. The component generates reinforcements inside the corbel and the column. Create

reinforcements

4. Create corbel reinforcement for all the corbels.

To see connections, such as a corbel connection, in shaded wire frame, use the shortcutShift+2.

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You can create the corbel reinforcement in a two-sided situation by picking first the column, then both the corbels and then end the selection with the middle mouse button.

Two components don't interact together - depending on the settings, it is possible that reinforcements collide. Check collisions with clash check option. Remember to use object in components select switch, see page 27.

Reinforcing beams

We will next create reinforcements into beams using two reinforcing components. See more information by clicking theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

We will first create main bars and stirrups.

1. FindBeam reinforcement (63)in the catalog.

2. We are going to use the default settings. Click on the reinforcing component once to activate the command.

3. Pick the beam at gridline 7 at elevation +3850. The component generates reinforcements inside the beam and cuts the bottom bars at the corbels.

Create

reinforcements

4. Pick, one by one, all the precast concrete beams between gridlines 4 and 7. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)

We will continue reinforcing the beams by inserting additional rebars at the beam ends. This we will do with theBeam end reinforcement (79) component. See more information by clicking theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

1. Find the Beam end reinforcement (79).

2. We are going to use the default settings. Click on the reinforcing component once to activate the command.

3. Pick a position at the end of a beam. (Note: this point can be any corner at the end of the beam)

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4. Pick the beam, and the component generates reinforcements inside the beam. Create

reinforcement

5. Repeat the picking for each end of all precast concrete beams between gridlines 4 and 7 at elevations +3850 and +7350.

Next we will create the beam end reinforcement for a beam at elevation +13400.

1. Using the same settings, create the beam end reinforcement at grid intersection A-7 at +13400.

Create reinforcement

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As shown above, the reinforcements come through the cut at the top of the beam. So we need to change the parameters and modify the connection.

2. Open viewGRID 7 to see the situation better.

3. Double-click on the component to open the component dialog.

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In the dialog, study the area marked with a red frame above. The problem rebars are defined as 5A.

4. Go to theGroups tab and change the distance between the rebars to 30.00 210.00 40.00 as shown below. Change connection parameters 5. ClickModify. Modify the connection

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The connection is modified and the rebars are arranged according to the new settings.

6. ClickApply to use the new settings.

7. Create the beam end reinforcements to all the other beams at elevation +13400. Create

reinforcements

When trying to select the component it is important to understand theSelect component and Select objects in component icons in theSelect toolbar:

When theSelect component icon is active you can only select the component, not the objects created by the component. You can open the component dialog by double-clicking on any component object.

When theSelect objects in components icon is active you can select objects inside the component: parts, bolts, reinforcements, etc. If you need to modify the component you need to double-click on the component symbol.

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Reinforcing slabs

We will next create reinforcement mesh into the slabs at elevations +3850 and +7350 using theSlab bars (18) reinforcing component. See more information by clicking the

icon in the component dialog.

Help…

1. FindSlab bars (18)in the catalog.

2. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. 3. Define the cover thickness to be used.

Define component parameters

4. Open theBottom bars tab page and set the bar diameter to 10 mm, and spacing in both directions to 200 mm. Change also the bar generation type to mesh.

5. Use the same settings for top bars. 6. Close the dialog with OK.

7. Pick the cast in-situ slab between gridlines 5 and 6 at level +3850. The macro generates reinforcements inside the slabs.

Create mesh

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8. Create reinforcements to the in-situ slab at level +7350.

Lifting hooks

We will next create lifting anchors into beams and columns using the Lifting anchor (80) macro. The macro generates lifting anchors according to center of gravity. See more information by clicking theHelp… icon in the component dialog.

1. FindLifting anchor (80)in the component catalog.

2. Double-click on the component to define the properties to be used. 3. Select anchor shape and define anchor dimensions.

Define component parameters

4. Select anchor size and grade. 5. Change also side and class.

6. ClickApplyto lock the settings.

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7. Pick the column at grid intersection A-1. The macro generates lifting anchors inside the column.

Create lifting anchor

8. Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridline A. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)

The corbels are on the other side of the columns on gridline B so we need to modify the lifting anchors to appear on the other side of the column.

1. Change the side to Top. Change

component parameters

2. ClickOK to lock the settings and close the dialog.

3. Pick, one by one, all the columns on gridline B. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)

Still using theLifting anchor (80)component, we are going to create lifting anchors to all the pre-cast concrete beams.

1. Double-click on the component again.

2. Change the anchor shape and dimensions and apply. Change

component parameters

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3. Pick the beam on gridline 7 at elevation +3850. The macro generates a lifting anchor inside the beam.

4. One by one, pick all the pre-cast concrete beams. (Note: you can also use area select as explained on page 16)

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2.4 Modify All the Corbel Connections

Next we are going to modify the corbel connections.

1. Double-click on the corbel connection on A-7 at elevation +3850 to open the connection dialog.

2. Select and load the standard settings.

3. Click Modify.

As you can see, the reinforcement inside the corbel and the beam will be modified according to the changed corbel size.

We can easily modify only connections of the same type shown in the connection dialog by selectingIgnore other types in the connection dialog box.Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Modifying components

1. Check that Ignore other types is selected in the connection dialog box.

2. Select all the connections in the model by using theSelect connectionselect switch shown below and dragging a window around the whole model.

3. ClickModify. Modify all the

corbel

connections at once

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System Components

for Steel

Tekla Structures 12.0 Basic Training

September 21, 2006

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2 Creating System Components for Steel ... 3

2.1 About System Components...3

2.2 Column Base Plates ...5

2.3 Beam to Beam Web ...8

2.4 Beam to Column Web ...11

2.5 Beam to Column Flange...16

2.6 Create AutoDefaults Rules ...18

2.7 Use AutoDefaults Rules ...25

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2 Creating System

Components for Steel

This lesson introduces the basics of creating system connections in Tekla Structures. You will learn how to:

In this lesson

x Create connections

x Work with connection properties x Save the properties for later use

x Work with AutoDefaults, i.e. create rules to apply pre-defined connection properties automatically

2.1 About System Components

You can model connections quickly with the Tekla Structures system components. The greatest benefits of using system components are:

x The connection properties can be saved with a particular name so that they can be used later. These properties can then be used for all projects.

x When you modify a main objects profile in the model all of the connections to the object are automatically modified at the same time.

x If you select options such as edit, copy, or mirror, all connections are automatically included. The connections that are copied or mirrored are exactly the same as the originals. The same applies to plates and bolts.

x With AutoDefaults you can create rules defining when to use different connection properties.

All available system components are located in the component catalog, which can be opened using Ctrl+F or by clicking the binocular icon on the component toolbar.

When applying a connection that you are unfamiliar with, accept the default properties and create the connection. Then look to see what needs to be modified. This is usually quicker than trying to set the values for the connection before seeing what the connection actually creates.

Help: Detailing > Getting started > Using components > Creating components Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Component concepts

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Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Picking order Help: Detailing > Getting started > Basics > Up direction

Check clashing of steel structures

In Chapter 1 we created a model of a small industrial structure. To complete the model we will need to connect the parts. Before creating the connections usually all of the members in the model collide with other members.

By using theClash check command we can check which parts in the model collide. We will run a clash check now and then again after the connections have been applied.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Querying objects > Clash check

1. Select all of the parts of the model by dragging an area select around the whole model. Check clashing

2. Right-click and selectClash check.

Tekla Structures highlights the colliding parts in yellow and displays the clash check log in theList dialog box. You can see that all of the parts in the model collide.

Select any clashing parts from the list and Tekla Structures highlights them in the model.