Full Wave Rectifier Class 12 Project

PHYSICS

PROJECT REPORT

ON

Full Wave Rectifier

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: MR.JASWANT REDHU SUMIT SAPRA

XII-B

INDEX

AIM

To construct a full wave rectifier

and show that that Alternating

Current is rectified into a Direct

Current

.

Acknowledgement

The project could have never been possible without the support of various sources. It is extremely impossible to thank every individual who has helped me in completing this project. Some people have helped in the basic formularization and there were sources that helped me in giving the ideas a physical form/shape. I am extremely grateful to my mentor,

Mr. Jaswant Redhu , for his invaluable guidance in the project right from the beginning. His vital support helped the project to take a logical and suitable shape. I take this opportunity to thank the School authorities, for extending their full support and cooperation in the project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank everyone who has offered a helping hand when required.

Sumit Sapra

XII-B Roll

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sumit Sapra

student of

Class XII, St. Theresa's Convent Sr. Sec. School has completed

the project titled. “Full Wave Rectifier” during the academic

year 2012-13 towards partial fulfillment of credit for the

Physics Project evaluation of AISSCE 2013, and submitted

working model and satisfactory report , as compiled in the

following pages, under my supervision.

Mr.Jaswant Redhu

(Teacher’s Signature)

Introduction

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the alternating current components in an alternating supply and make it purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of an alternation current are rectified in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half wave rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand very high voltage or alternating current due to its intense high power. The use of batteries in all devices is not practical as their replacement and durability is a huge problem as the device has to be dismantled each time for such a replacement. So these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.

Materials required in

the construction



_{Connecting wires}



_{A plug}



_{Single lead wire - 2m}



_{3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3c m l e n g t h}



_{C i r c u i t b o a r d}



_{A T r a n s f o r m e r}



_{A c a p a c i t o r}



_{A R e s i s t o r ( 1 K Ω)}



_{P - N j u n c t i o n d i o d e s}



_{A L E D}



_{Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax,}

soldering lead, soldering iron &

sand paper.

Circuit Diagram

Connection details:

Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is given to b o t h t h e i n p u t w i r e s o f t h e t r a n s f o r m e r a n d t h e t w o e n d s o f t h e secondary coil is given to the P side of the two diodes and the N sideo f t h e d i o d e s a r e t w i n e d a n d t h e n c o n n e c t e d t o o n e e n d o f t h e capacitor and the other end to the center tap lead and to the resistor.F u r t h e r , t h e o t h e r e n d o f c a p a c i t o r w i t h t h e d i o d e c o n n e c t i o n i s connected to the other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the resistor to measure the output and this is connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of the bulb.

Working

1st _{when the A.C. is supplied to the}

transformer, it steps down the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st _{half cycle of}

the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a

current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction S1D1ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is

reverse biased. So it does not conduct any electric current. During the next half cycle the diode D2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2

conducts current in the direction S2D2ABEOS2and D1 does not conduct any current.

In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the above processes are repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage across RL is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C components. This is filtered

and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit, only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.

BIBLIOGRAPHY



Physics – Textbook for Class XII; NCERT



Modern’s abc of PHYSICS



LABORATORY MANUAL OF PHYSICS(Universal

Publications)



Encyclopedias

Websites:

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.ncert.nic.in