Chapter
Chapter
4
4
4.1
4.1
The action of a verb in the Hebrew language could be understood as
The action of a verb in the Hebrew language could be understood as
transitive, intransitive, dynamic or event (fientive) or stative.
transitive, intransitive, dynamic or event (fientive) or stative.
4.2
4.2
Transitive verb may take a direct object; an intransitive verb cannot
Transitive verb may take a direct object; an intransitive verb cannot
take a direct object.
take a direct object.
4.3
4.3
A stative verb indicates a state of being, condition, or quality expressed
A stative verb indicates a state of being, condition, or quality expressed
by the semantic meaning denoted by the verbal root: not the action of
by the semantic meaning denoted by the verbal root: not the action of
the verb is meant; therefore, most stative verbs are intransitive, and
the verb is meant; therefore, most stative verbs are intransitive, and
often do not take an object or predicate. Most stative verbs have an
often do not take an object or predicate. Most stative verbs have an
adjectival quality in its meaning. In contra to stative verbs, a dynamic
adjectival quality in its meaning. In contra to stative verbs, a dynamic
verb describes an action or event, which can begin and finish at a
verb describes an action or event, which can begin and finish at a
punctiliar moment or a point of time.
punctiliar moment or a point of time.
4.4
4.4
These concepts are attempts to understand how the stative verb would
These concepts are attempts to understand how the stative verb would
function in a given sentence. A word of caution must be mentioned
function in a given sentence. A word of caution must be mentioned
The Hebrew Stative Verb:
The Hebrew Stative Verb:
Types and Vowels
Types and Vowels
ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..
stative verbs in English. Verbs are stative in English may not be so in
stative verbs in English. Verbs are stative in English may not be so in
Hebrew: for instance, the word “love” is active in English but stative
Hebrew: for instance, the word “love” is active in English but stative
in Hebrew, likewise is the word “build”.
in Hebrew, likewise is the word “build”.
4.5
4.5
The need to make a distinction between stative verb, non-stative, or
The need to make a distinction between stative verb, non-stative, or
dynamic verb status generally occurrs only in the Qal
dynamic verb status generally occurrs only in the Qal
binyan
binyan
of
of
a
a
root, and the stative verb becomes dynamic verb when it assumes the
root, and the stative verb becomes dynamic verb when it assumes the
Intensive (Pi’el and Pu’al) or Causative (Hiphil and Hophal)
Intensive (Pi’el and Pu’al) or Causative (Hiphil and Hophal)
binyanim
binyanim
.
.
Hence, a verb is stative in Qal stem may take on non-stative status in
Hence, a verb is stative in Qal stem may take on non-stative status in
other
other
ם
םי
ינ
ני
יי
ינ
נב
ב
of the same root. By this action, a verb is transformed—
of the same root. By this action, a verb is transformed—
generally takes place in the Pi’el
generally takes place in the Pi’el
binyan
binyan
—from a state of being into an
—from a state of being into an
action, for example, "he was pure" would become "he made himself
action, for example, "he was pure" would become "he made himself
pure", thereby demitting its stative quality.
pure", thereby demitting its stative quality.
4.6
4.6
Types of statve verbs in Hebrew
Types of statve verbs in Hebrew
Conventionally, there are three classes or types of stative verbs,
Conventionally, there are three classes or types of stative verbs,
classified according to the stem vowel type in the Perfect Tense third
classified according to the stem vowel type in the Perfect Tense third
person masculine singular, which is the zero vowel sufformative
person masculine singular, which is the zero vowel sufformative
conjugation: [
conjugation: [
○
ַ
○
ַ
]
]
(
(
חַ
ח
ַ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
ּ
פ
פ
ַ
ּ
ַ
֫
֫
),
),
[
[
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
) or [
) or [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ם
םֶ
ל
ֶ
ל
ֹ
ֹ
ו
וח
ח
).
).
There
There
are
are
a
a
few
few
dynamic, regular verbs that are spelled like a stative verb:
dynamic, regular verbs that are spelled like a stative verb:
ה
הֵ
ֵ
נ
נָ
ָ
ׂ
ׂ
ש
ש
to hate
to hate
.
.
Verbs belonging to this category would take a direct object.
Verbs belonging to this category would take a direct object.
A sample of Hebrew stative verbs:
A sample of Hebrew stative verbs:
ם ם ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..
[
[
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
) type
) type
ר
ר
ֵ
ֵ
ב
ב
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
כ
כ
He was heavy
He was heavy
א
א
ֵ
ֵ
ר
ר
ָ
ָ
י
י
He was afraid
He was afraid
א
א
ֵ
ֵ
מ
מ
ָ
ָ
צ
צ
He was thirsty
He was thirsty
Sample of [
Sample of [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
] (
] (
ם
ם
ל
ֶ
ל
ֶ
ֹ
ֹ
ו
ו
ח
ח
) stative verbs
) stative verbs
ן
ן
ֹ
ֹ
ט
ט
ָ
ָ
ק
ק
He was unimportant;
He was unimportant;
ל
ל
ֹ
ֹ
כ
כ
ָ
ָ
י
י
He was able
He was able
ל
ל
ֹ
ֹ
כ
כ
ָ
ָ
ׁ
ׁ
ש
ש
He was bereaved (of child)
He was bereaved (of child)
[
[
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
ּ
ּ
ַ
ַ
֫
֫
ַ
ַ
ּ
ּ
פ
פ
)
)
ל
ל
ַ
ַ
ד
ד
ָ
ָ
ג
ג
He was great
He was great
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
נ
נ
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
ב
ב
He built
He built
ב
3
3
CHAPTER FOUR:
CHAPTER FOUR:
Hebrew Stative Verbs
Hebrew Stative Verbs
4.7
4.7
As it is, a stative verb is found only in
As it is, a stative verb is found only in
the Qal
the Qal
binyan
binyan
, the vowel pattern
, the vowel pattern
logically would be similar to the regular, strong verb used in the Qal
logically would be similar to the regular, strong verb used in the Qal
stem, making the necessary adjustment of vocal shewa in response to
stem, making the necessary adjustment of vocal shewa in response to
the presence of guttural consonant.
the presence of guttural consonant.
4.8
4.8
The vowel template to be used in the Qal Infinitive Absolute of stative
The vowel template to be used in the Qal Infinitive Absolute of stative
verbs would be rather similar to that in the Qal dynamic, regular verbs,
verbs would be rather similar to that in the Qal dynamic, regular verbs,
as the vowels shown in
as the vowels shown in
the sample words:
the sample words:
ד
ד
ֹ
ֹ
ו
ו
ב
ב
כ
כ
ּ
ּ
ָ
ָ
heavy
heavy
,
,
ן
ן
ט
ֹ
ט
ֹ
ָ
ָ
ק
ק
small
small
,
,
ה
ה
ֹ
ֹ
נ
נ
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
ב
ב
to build
to build
. There are, however, a few stative verbs that load feminine
. There are, however, a few stative verbs that load feminine
ending in its Qal Infinitive Construct, as the case for the root:
ending in its Qal Infinitive Construct, as the case for the root:
ת
ת
ֹ
ֹ
ו
ו
נ
נ
ְ
ְ
ּ
ּ
ב
ב
to
to
build
build
, which is stative and
, which is stative and
ה
ה"
"ל
ל
verbs at the same time, thus the vowel
verbs at the same time, thus the vowel
pattern of the Qal Infinitive Construct for these sample words would
pattern of the Qal Infinitive Construct for these sample words would
be:
be:
ן
ן
ֹ
ֹ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
to be small
to be small
,
,
ד
ד
ַ
ַ
ב
ב
ְ
ְ
ּ
ּ
כ
כ
to be heavy
to be heavy
,
,
4.9
4.9
Vowel patterns for the Imperative of all binyamin would follow the
Vowel patterns for the Imperative of all binyamin would follow the
two default vowels given in the Infinitive Construct of each respective
two default vowels given in the Infinitive Construct of each respective
binyan
binyan
. As a general rule, the pillion or stem vowel of the active stem
. As a general rule, the pillion or stem vowel of the active stem
would take the vowel [
would take the vowel [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
] (
] (
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
) —including the Simple Passive
) —including the Simple Passive
binyan
binyan
,
,
the Niph’al—while the passive voice, stative verbs and the irregular
the Niph’al—while the passive voice, stative verbs and the irregular
verbs would load [
verbs would load [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
חת
תפ
פ
) as theme vowel as well as in the III-
) as theme vowel as well as in the III-
ע
ע/
/ח
ח
or
or
ע/
ע
/ח
ח"
"ל
ל
verbs where the
verbs where the
ה
ה
ב
ָ
ב
ָ
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
ג
ג
ּ
ְ
ּ
ְ
ח
ח
ּ
ת
ת
ּ
ַ
ַ
ַ
ַ
ּ
ּ
פ
פ
(pathach furtive) has been used
(pathach furtive) has been used
in the Infinitive Absolute. The vowel [
in the Infinitive Absolute. The vowel [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
חת
תפ
פ
) is also used in Qal
) is also used in Qal
Imperative of Guttural I/II verbs. The effect of this rule is visible in
Imperative of Guttural I/II verbs. The effect of this rule is visible in
the vowels of the Qal Imperative statives:
the vowels of the Qal Imperative statives:
ק
ק
ַ
ַ
ז
ז
ֲ
ֲ
ח
ח
,
,
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
, which put on a
, which put on a
[
[
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
חת
תפ
פ
) regardless which vowel class the verbal root would belong
) regardless which vowel class the verbal root would belong
to in the perfect Tense. Exceptions to the rule are readily available,
to in the perfect Tense. Exceptions to the rule are readily available,
however, as in the sample:
however, as in the sample:
ה
ה
ֵ
ֵ
נ
נ
ב
ב
ּ
ּ
ְ
ְ
, which is a stative and
, which is a stative and
ה
ה"
"ל
ל
verb as the
verb as the
same time. A sample of Qal stative Imperative of
same time. A sample of Qal stative Imperative of
א
א"
"ל
ל
verb:
verb:
א
א
צ
ָ
צ
ָ
ְ
ְ
מ
מ
.
.
A
A
sample of irregular verbs in the Qal Imperative:
sample of irregular verbs in the Qal Imperative:
ן
ן
ֵ
ֵ
ת
ת
,
,
ח
ח
ק
ַ
ק
ַ
,
,
ך
ך
ֵ
ֵ
ל
ל
, etc.
, etc.
4.10
4.10
For single syllable verbs, the Hollow verbs, the same principle of using
For single syllable verbs, the Hollow verbs, the same principle of using
the vowels pattern in the Qal Infinitive Construct would be applicable.
the vowels pattern in the Qal Infinitive Construct would be applicable.
שש בב ךך וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .
4.11
4.11
Stative Verb in the Imperfect Tense
Stative Verb in the Imperfect Tense
Conjugation of stative verbs in the Qal Imperfect Tense are treated as
Conjugation of stative verbs in the Qal Imperfect Tense are treated as
weak verbs, which means regardless which vowel class a stative verb
weak verbs, which means regardless which vowel class a stative verb
may adorn in the Qal sufformative conjugation, namely, [
may adorn in the Qal sufformative conjugation, namely, [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
)
)
or
or
[
[
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ו
ו
ל
ל
ח
ח
) or [
) or [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
), when it assumes the Imperfect Tense
), when it assumes the Imperfect Tense
conjugation, a stative verb would always totes a [
conjugation, a stative verb would always totes a [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
)
)
as
as
stem
stem
vowel: [
vowel: [
ְ
ְ
○
○
+
+
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ע
ענ
נ
א
או
וו
וש
ש
+
+
ח
חת
תפ
פ
) in both strong and weak verbs. The
) in both strong and weak verbs. The
[
[
ְ
ְ
○
○
] (
] (
ענ
ע
נ
א
או
וו
וש
ש
) would be required to go through changes in cases where
) would be required to go through changes in cases where
any one of these
any one of these
ר
ר
,
,
ע
ע
,
,
ח
ח
,
,
ה
ה
,
,
א
א
consonants gibbets above it as the head
consonants gibbets above it as the head
consonant of the root. For the strong, dynamic verbs in the Imperfect
consonant of the root. For the strong, dynamic verbs in the Imperfect
Tense (PC), the stem vowel would be [
Tense (PC), the stem vowel would be [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ל
ל
ו
ו
ח
ח
), which is
), which is
inherited from the Qal Infinitive Construct.
inherited from the Qal Infinitive Construct.
(i) Like a dynamic verb or fientive verb, a stative verb may take
(i) Like a dynamic verb or fientive verb, a stative verb may take
personal pronouns prefixes as well as suffixes in its inflection.
personal pronouns prefixes as well as suffixes in its inflection.
(ii) Assimilation of consonant [
(ii) Assimilation of consonant [
נ
נ
]
]
(
(
ן
ן
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
) appearing at the
) appearing at the
'
'ל
ל
(
(
ד
ד
ֶ
ֶ
מ
מ
ָ
ָ
ל
ל
)
)
position in the root shall occur at inflection of second feminine
position in the root shall occur at inflection of second feminine
plural and third feminine plural, for example:
plural and third feminine plural, for example:
ת
ת
ּ
ּ
ִ
ִ
ק
ק
ְ
ְ
ט
ט
֫
נ
נ
֫
ַ
ַ
ּ
ּ
ָ
ָ
ה
ה
(
(
ן
ן
ט
ט
ק
ק
).
).
Two arrays of the conjugation Table are given to ease learning and
Two arrays of the conjugation Table are given to ease learning and
study.
study.
ש ש ב ב ך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..י
ינ
נא
א
array
array
1cs
1cs
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ֶ
ֶ
א
א
2ms
2ms
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ק
ְ
ק
ְ
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2fs
2fs
י
י
ִ
ִ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
3ms
3ms
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
י
י
3fs
3fs
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ק
ְ
ק
ְ
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
1cp
1cp
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
נ
נ
2mp
2mp
ּ
ו
ו
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
alt
alt
ן
ן
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2fp
2fp
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
3mp
3mp
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
י
י
3fp
3fp
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
א
א
ו
ו
ה
ה
array
array
3ms
3ms
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
י
י
3fs
3fs
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ק
ְ
ק
ְ
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2ms
2ms
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ק
ְ
ק
ְ
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2fs
2fs
י
י
ִ
ִ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
1cs
1cs
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ֶ
ֶ
א
א
3mp
3mp
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
י
י
3fp
3fp
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2mp
2mp
ּ
ו
ו
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
3fp
3fp
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
alt
alt
ּ
ו
ו
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ְ
ְ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
2fp
2fp
ה
ה
ָ
ָ
ּ
ּ
נ
נ
ט
ט
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ק
ק
ִ
ִ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
1cp
1cp
ן
ן
ַ
ַ
ט
ט
ק
ק
ְ
ְ
ִ
ִ
נ
נ
5
5
CHAPTER FOUR:
CHAPTER FOUR:
Hebrew Stative Verbs
Hebrew Stative Verbs
4.12
4.12
Qal
Qal
Participles
Participles
of
of
Stative
Stative
Verbs
Verbs
Stative verb in Qal Active Participle is used as adjective, and has the
Stative verb in Qal Active Participle is used as adjective, and has the
same meaning and inflects as the Active Participle in the dynamic,
same meaning and inflects as the Active Participle in the dynamic,
strong verbs.
strong verbs.
On this re
On this reason some
ason some
textbooks thought tha
textbooks thought tha
t there
t there
is no
is no
active participle for stative verbs.
active participle for stative verbs.
4.13
4.13
Participles of stative verbs are given a pair of [
Participles of stative verbs are given a pair of [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
יר
רצ
צ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
)
)
by
by
default, a vowel pattern similar to the Perfect Tense third masculine
default, a vowel pattern similar to the Perfect Tense third masculine
singular of each respective root of the [
singular of each respective root of the [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
יר
רצ
צ
) type of stative verbs.
) type of stative verbs.
In the following example, the world
In the following example, the world
א
א
ֵ
ֵ
ל
ל
ָ
ָ
מ
מ
is not Perfect Tense of the
is not Perfect Tense of the
root, for the subject "
root, for the subject "I
I
", a personal pronoun of the first person, requires
", a personal pronoun of the first person, requires
י
י
ִ
ִ
ת
ת
א
א
ל
ל
ֵ
ֵ
֫
֫
ָ
ָ
מ
מ
in the Perfect Tense.
in the Perfect Tense.
4.14
4.14
Vowel Patterns of Stative Verbs in the Qal Perfect Tense
Vowel Patterns of Stative Verbs in the Qal Perfect Tense
As in dynamic verbs, all stative verbs in the Perfect Tense would take
As in dynamic verbs, all stative verbs in the Perfect Tense would take
[
[
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
) as pretonic vowel, or the first, head vowel. Again, just like
) as pretonic vowel, or the first, head vowel. Again, just like
the dynamic verbs, while [
the dynamic verbs, while [
ָ
ָ
○
○
] (
] (
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
) occupies a pretonic position, it will
) occupies a pretonic position, it will
be shortened to [
be shortened to [
ְ
○
○
ְ
]
]
(
(
ע
ע
ָ
ָ
נ
נ
א
א
ו
ו
ו
ו
ש
ש
) during pluralization under the rule of
) during pluralization under the rule of
propretonic reduction of head vowel when a shift of accent occurs.
propretonic reduction of head vowel when a shift of accent occurs.
4.15
4.15
As a general rule, the stem vowel for dynamic verbs in the Qal Perfect
As a general rule, the stem vowel for dynamic verbs in the Qal Perfect
Tense would take a [
Tense would take a [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
), together with the head vowel of the
), together with the head vowel of the
syllable forming into a pair of [
syllable forming into a pair of [
ַ
ַ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
חת
תפ
פ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
) combination, as
) combination, as
the template given by default; whereas stative verbs in the same tense,
the template given by default; whereas stative verbs in the same tense,
apart from the vowel [
apart from the vowel [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
), would shoulder either [
), would shoulder either [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
]
]
ם
ם
ל
ל
ו
ו
ח
ח
)
)
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
or
or
[
[
○
○
ֵ
ֵ
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
) as stem vowel: thus there would be three groups
) as stem vowel: thus there would be three groups
of stative verbs in Perfect Tense: [
of stative verbs in Perfect Tense: [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ל
ל
ו
ו
ח
ח
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
),
),
[
[
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
) or [
) or [
ַ
ַ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
] (
] (
ח
חת
תפ
פ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
). In cases where the pillion
). In cases where the pillion syllable
syllable
takes one [
takes one [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
) as stem vowel, it is to be used only in the third
) as stem vowel, it is to be used only in the third
person
person
masculine
masculine
singular
singular
(
(
he
he
), for the conjugation of other persons
), for the conjugation of other persons
singular as well as plural, the vowel [
singular as well as plural, the vowel [
ַ
ַ
○
○
] (
] (
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
) would be the stem vowel.
) would be the stem vowel.
שש בב ךך וו רר בב S S t t e e f f f f e e n n H H a a n n J J a a n n u u a a r r y y 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 r r e e v v i i s s e e d d . .
Some stative verbs may lade
Some stative verbs may lade
one [
one [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
) as stem or
) as stem or
thematic vowel, hence [
thematic vowel, hence [
ַ
ַ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
) Qal stem.
) Qal stem.
4.16
4.16
In the Perfect Tense, stative
In the Perfect Tense, stative
verbs of [
verbs of [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
+
+
ץ
ץמ
מק
ק
)
)
vowel class confined only
vowel class confined only
to the zero vowel suffix
to the zero vowel suffix
conjugation, the [
conjugation, the [
ֵ
ֵ
○
○
]
]
(
(
י
י
ר
ר
צ
צ
)
)
will assume [
will assume [
ַ
ַ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ח
ח
ת
ת
פ
פ
) in the
) in the
inflection of persons other
inflection of persons other
then the third person singular
then the third person singular
(
(he
he
), as shwon in the sample words:
), as shwon in the sample words:
ד
ד
ֵ
ֵ
ב
ב
כ
כ
ּ
ּ
ָ
ָ
(
(3ms
3ms
)
)
he overwhelmed
he overwhelmed
; but
; but
it is not so in
it is not so in
ם
ם
ֶ
ֶ
ּ
ּ
ת
ת
ְ
ְ
ד
ד
ב
ב
ַ
ַ
ְ
ְ
ּ
ּ
כ
כ
(
(2mp
2mp
)
) you gentlemen overwhelmed
you gentlemen overwhelmed
.
.
4.17
4.17
The inflection of [
The inflection of [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
+
+
○
○
ָ
ָ
] (
] (
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ֶ
ֶ
ל
ל
ֹ
ֹ
ו
ו
ח
ח
+
+
ץ
ץ
מ
מ
ק
ק
) class of stative verbs, just
) class of stative verbs, just
like the conjugation of Perfect Tense (SC) of all stems, rules related
like the conjugation of Perfect Tense (SC) of all stems, rules related
to the abdication of the hind consonant, shortening of stem vowel,
to the abdication of the hind consonant, shortening of stem vowel,
propretonic vowel reduction, assimilation of [
propretonic vowel reduction, assimilation of [
נ
נ
]
]
(
(
ן
ן
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
נ
נ
), shift or no shift
), shift or no shift
of accent shall be applicable whenever and wherever necessary. In the
of accent shall be applicable whenever and wherever necessary. In the
case of a stative verb which root
case of a stative verb which root comes under the [
comes under the [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
+
+
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
ם
ם
ל
ל
ו
ו
ח
ח
+
+
ץ
ץ
מ
מ
ק
ק
)
)
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
class, when reduction of stem vowel [
class, when reduction of stem vowel [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
+]
+]
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ל
ל
ו
ו
ח
ח
) shall
) shall
take place, it is to be shortened to [
take place, it is to be shortened to [
ְ
ְ
ְ○
ְ○
ָ
ָ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ף
ף
ּ
ּ
ו
ו
ט
ט
ּ
ּ
֫
֫
ָ
ָ
ח
ח
ץ
ץ
מ
ֶ
מ
ֶ
֫
֫
ָ
ָ
ק
ק
) in closed and
) in closed and
unstressed syllable, to be read as "oh", being the same class as [
unstressed syllable, to be read as "oh", being the same class as [
ֹ
ֹ
○
○
]
]
(
(
ר
ר
ס
ס
ח
ח
ם
ם
ו
ו
ל
ל
ח
ח
), as the vowels expressed in the sample word:
), as the vowels expressed in the sample word:
םֶ
ם
ֶ
ּ
ּ
ת
תְ
נָ
ְ
נ
ָ
ט
טְְק
ק
you
you
gentlemen dwindled
gentlemen dwindled
….
….
4.18
4.18
Thus, class divisions in stative verbs by the stem vowel is applicable
Thus, class divisions in stative verbs by the stem vowel is applicable
only in third masculine person singular (
only in third masculine person singular (he
he
) in the Qal Perfect Tense.
) in the Qal Perfect Tense.
The inflection of other persons shall assume the same pattern like
The inflection of other persons shall assume the same pattern like
strong, dynamic verbs.
strong, dynamic verbs.
ששבבך ך ו ו ר ר ב ב SS tt ee ff ff ee nn HH aa nn JJ aa nn uu aa rr yy 22 00 11 11 rr ee vv ii ss ee dd ..