Triple bottom line evaluation of
culture events
2nd Symposium on
Estimating the Impacts of Tourism and Events - Future challenges of
event impact assessment, Gothenburg, 18-19 March 2015
Surveys
• fall 2014
• inspired of 2012 Ironman study
by Erik Lundberg, Gbg Univ.
To perform a 3P+C event analysis on two culture events.
To try out what KPI’s are relevant at a
4/1/2015 Hans Wessblad
The study approach into a abriviation "3 P + C”
The development of an Event Impact Assesment Tool is a sustainability project.
The project's primary purpose,
to evaluate two events claim to create "3 P + C" values : - People /Social indicators.
- Planet /Ecological indicators. - Profit /Profitability indicators.
Triple bottom line evaluation of
culture events
More questions than answers:
• KPI at events?
• KPI at cultural events?
• The idea of standardization;
– standardization versus adaptation?
• The overall purpose of KPI;
– What “whys” for different stakeholders?
How to form a usable Event Impact Assessment Tool kit?
KPI at events?
VisitScotland eventIMPACTS • Visitors/Attendees • Economic Effects • Environmental Impact • Media: partners/attention • Satisfaction with the event • Image, Identity, Brand • Participating organizations • Volunteering & Skills• Children & Young People
Key Performance Indicators For Events and Event Tourism
A: ECONOMIC GOALS
• A1: tourist demand • A2: yield/attendee
• A3: local & national economic
benefits
• A4: catalyst permanent legacies • A5: image effects
B: SOCIAL GOALS
• B1: civic & national pride • B2: benefits for residents
C: CULTURAL
• C1: the arts and appreciation of • C2: cultural awareness & tolerance • C3: cultural identity & appreciation
of tradition
D: ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
• D1: the ecological footprint • D2: sustainability &
biodiversity/conservation
• Fredline et al. 2005 Economic Indicators
• Benefit / Cost Ratio
• Average visitor trip expenditure
• Net benefit per head of population
Environmental Indicators
• Energy consumed at the venue
• Energy consumed in transport
• Water consumed at the venue
• Waste generated at the venue
Social Indicators
• impacts on quality of life
• % of locals who attend the event
• Crime and crowd management
• % of local businesses contracted
• Negative externalities e.g. extra public
transport provided
• Traffic counts
• Value of new facilities developed
• Value of denied access to facilities
• Quantity and quality of media exposure
• Local volunteer
• % locals employed
• Involvement of interest
Fredline et al. 2005: 10
Synthesis Diagram
To simplify or
KPI at cultural events?
• To see two levels of KPI
(selecting appropriate levels of impact to evaluate) – Standardized for every event?
– Special for specific event?
Event Evaluation for whom? - primary stakeholders
Purpose of event evaluation?
- educate principals behind the event
Two levels of KPI at culture events?
Standardized for every event?
A: ECONOMIC GOALS
• A1: tourist demand
• A2: yield/attendee
• A5: image effects
B: SOCIAL GOALS
• B2: benefits for residents
C: CULTURAL
• C2: cultural awareness & tolerance
• C3: cultural identity & appreciation
of tradition
D: ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
• D1: the ecological footprint
Special for the specific event
A: ECONOMIC GOALS
• A3: local & national economic
benefits
• A4: catalyst permanent legacies
B: SOCIAL GOALS
• B1: civic & national pride
C: CULTURAL
• C1: the arts and appreciation of
D: ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
• D2: sustainability &
biodiversity/conservation
The general idea of standardization?
Maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, r epeatability, or quality.
The idea of standardization – a the solution to a coordination problem.
Do all parties have mutual gains by making mutually consistent decisions?
Maximize compatibility, interoperability,
safety, repeatability, or quality.
What purpose behind the Visita/RF ambition?
• Compatibility: no conflict
• Interoperability: social, political, and organizational • Safety: physical, social, spiritual, financial, political,
emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences
• Repeatability: test–retest reliability
• Quality: ability to perform satisfactorily and
The idea of standardization -
a the solution to a coordination problem.
Who want to coordinate?
• Is the Event Principals the answer?
– RF for the Sport Event?
– DMO: National-Regional-Local
– Event portfolio provider
– Municipalities in general
Do all parties have mutual gains by
making mutually consistent decisions?
• Is a stakeholder perspective the starting point;
mutuality?
• What gains are preferable?
• Are all agents related to Events in need of
consistency?
standardization versus adaptation
• To create a KPI tool kit: degrees of standard
KPI for all events (sports and others).
• To present an adaptation of KPI’s ready to use
for individual event – for special purposes?
• The standardization versus adaptation balance
is the trick for a success:
– To become overall used; legitimization.
