A Mobile Open Infrastructure Network Protocol (MOIN) for Localization and Data Communication in UWB Based Wireless Sensor Networks

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A Mobile Open Infrastructure Network Protocol (MOIN) for

Localization and Data Communication in UWB Based Wireless

Sensor Networks

2014 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB) Paris, France

Manuel Janssen, Andreas Busboom, Udo Schoon, Gerd von Cölln, Carsten Koch

Hochschule Emden/Leer, Germany

University of Applied Sciences, Department of Electronics and Informatics Email: {Manuel.Janssen, Carsten.Koch, Gerd.von.Coelln}@hs-emden-leer.de

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Introduction

Related protocols MOIN Protocol Evaluation Summary and outlook

Outline Context

Outline

I motivation and context I related protocols I MOIN protocol I performance evaluation I summary and outlook

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Introduction

Outline Context

Motivation

Context

I Oshore operations: part of research project SOOP

-Safe Oshore OPerations

I the aim is the contribution to the industrialization of

oshore wind energy

I today: manual process monitoring (TETRA radio,

visual, . . . )

I the goal was to develop a system architecture as base

to generate an overview of the operation

I wireless sensor network (WSN) for communication

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Introduction

Outline Context

Motivation

Wireless Sensor Network

I most available protocols either focus on:

I localization or I communication

I required is a combination of both; with following requirements

I high precise ranging measurements

I data communication for collected sensor data I dealing with harsh environments

I implementation of a suitable network protocol for localization and communication

I due to harsh environments

I the decision was made to use Ultra Wideband (UWB) as the right radio technology [4]

I approach can be easily mapped to a great number of similar problems and

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Introduction

Related protocols

MOIN Protocol Evaluation Summary and outlook

IEEE 802.15.3 MAC PULSERS MAC

Related protocols

IEEE 802.15.3 MAC

I supports additional physical

layers such as Ultra Wideband (UWB)

I centralized beacon enabled

protocol [1]

I based on a time-slotted

superframe structure [3]

Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1

Beacon period Contention access period (CSMA/CA)

Channel time allocation period

MCTA

1 MCTA2 CTA1 CTA2 CTAk

Figure : the IEEE 802.15.3 time-slotted superframe structure

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Introduction

Related protocols

MOIN Protocol Evaluation Summary and outlook

IEEE 802.15.3 MAC PULSERS MAC

Related protocols

PULSERS MAC (cf. [1],[3]) I supports peer-to-peer communication I fulll guaranteed

requests with low latency

I ranging functionality

with low power consumption BP CAP CFP IP GTS GTS Req. period RNG period Superframe duration (SD) Beacon Interval (BI) Beacon slot CAP slot CFP slot

BP: Beacon Period CAP: Contention Access Period CFP: Contention Free Period IP: Inactive Period (optional) GTS: Guaranteed Time Slot Figure : PULSERS MAC frame structure [1]

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Introduction Related protocols

MOIN Protocol

Evaluation Summary and outlook

Topology overview Protocol description Slot conguration of MOIN Communication ow

Network topology

Components

I Master

I congures and coordinates the whole network via related Coordinators

I Coordinators

I act as relay stations for their respective sensor domain

I mobile nodes (slave)

I execute ranging

measurements to calculate their positions and collect sensor data (temperature, acceleration etc.)

I anchor nodes

I provide ranging

measurements for mobile nodes MOIN-Coordinator Slave Anchor Anchor MOIN-Coordinator Anchor Anchor Slave Slave Slave Slave Slave Slave MOIN-Master Anchor Anchor Anchor

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MOIN Protocol

Protocol frame structure

Properties

I replaced contention access

period by contention free period

I cause CSMA/CA could be a

dicult task in UWB-WSNs [2]

I also it is not deterministic and

unsuitable for time critical applications

I fully collision free and

predictable multiple access

I combines TDMA and CDMA I enables simultaneous channel

access

I adaptive slot assignment

Superframe n-1 Superframe n Superframe n+1

Beacon-period

Channel time allocation period

CTA 3 CTA4 CTAk CTA 2 CTA 1 Contention free access (CDMA/TDMA)

Ranging period Data period

Figure : modied time-slotted superframe structure from the IEEE 802.15.3 MAC

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MOIN Protocol

Slot conguration

Structure

I two-dimensional slot

conguration

I m-time slots∗n-code

channels

I Control channels for

Coordinators

I handover between sensor

domains

Dierent stages 1. beacon period 2. ranging period and

registration process 3. data period beacon code channel (c) time (t) c0 c4 c5 c3 c2 c1 c6 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 ranging measurements data communication registration process

beacon registration process data communication

Control channel for coordinator 2 Control channel for coordinator 1

Data period

Beacon period

Ranging period and registration process

Slot duration

I ranging slot= 45ms

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MOIN Protocol

Example: Communication sequence

MOIN-Master _{Coordinator 1}

MOIN-MM_MSG_LOGIN_BEAC MM_MSG_LOGIN_BEAC

MM_MSG_LOGIN_ ACK MM_MSG_LOGIN_ ACK _{MM_MSG_LOGIN_} ACK MM_MSG_LOGIN_ACK MM_MSG_LOGIN_ACK MM_MSG_LOGIN_ACK

MM_MSG_MAC_BEAC MM_MSG_MAC_BEAC

MM_MSG_MAC_

ACK MM_MSG_MAC_

ACK

Slave 1 Slave 2 Slave N

MM_MSG_MAC_ACK MM_MSG_MAC_ACK MM_MSG_MAC_ACK MM_MSG_COORD_SYNC MM_MSG_DISCOVERY _RESPONSE MM_SET_COORD_CHANNEL

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Introduction Related protocols MOIN Protocol

Evaluation

Summary and outlook

Evaluation results

Network setup

I one Master I one Coordinator

I ve mobile nodes (slaves) I four anchor nodes

Results

I totaltime of564ms

I update frequency of≈1.8Hz

received MAC frame

switch code channel and send range requests

select channel 0 and send data back to gateway TX RX 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Superframe duration by 4 anchor nodes

Number of slaves Ti m e (m s. )

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Introduction Related protocols MOIN Protocol Evaluation

Summary and outlook

Summary and outlook Literature

Summary and outlook

The aim of the paper was to present a new ecient MAC protocol for UWB based WSNs which combines localization and data communication for industrial applications

Summary

I propose of an ecient MAC

layer for industrial applications

I possibility of simultaneous

channel access

I overcomes limitations of related

MAC protocols

I scalable depending on the

network conguration

I verication of performance by

comparison to established methods (pure TDMA)

Outlook

I decreased power consumption

by extended sleep modes in unused slots

I optimization of slot duration by

faster channel switch and new available API of used radio modules

I integrate load balancing

between sensor domains to decrease the duration of the data period

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Summary and outlook

Literature

[1] L.X. Cai, Xuemin Shen, and J. Mark.

Ecient MAC protocol for ultra-wideband networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(6):179 185, june 2009.

[2] Fabrice Legrand, Isabelle Bucaille, Serge Héthuin, Luca De Nardis, Guerino Giancola, Maria gabriella Di Benedetto, Ljubica Blazevic, and et al.

U.C.A.N.'s Ultra Wide Band System: MAC and Routing protocols, 2003. [3] Mohd Shahril and Izuan Mohd.

Finding the Optimal MAC Protocol for Low-Power High Data Rate Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Networks.

cms.livjm.ac.uk, pages 1924, 2008.

[4] Thorsten Wehs, Manuel Janssen, Carsten Koch, and Gerd von Cölln.

System architecture for data communication and localization under harsh environmental conditions in maritime automation.

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