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e n ud
e rt
em p
e r at
u r e,d
ew
p
oi
nt
, a nd
5
1
r e
la
tiv e
h
um i d i
ty
d
u rin
g t h
e1 2
/
2
/
9 4
e xp
e ri
m
e nt.F i
g
u r e3
-3 2
:T S P C
o n c e ntr atio n s
m
o ni
to r ed
up
str e am
5 1
a n
d d
ow
n str e am f
r om
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r1 2
/
2
/
9 4
.F
i
g
u r e3
-3 3
:d
l O
-a n
t h
r a c e n eg
a sp
h
a s e c o n c e ntr atio n s
5 2
m
o nit
o r ed
up
st
r e am
a nd d
ow
n str e am f
r om t
h
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,1 2
/
2
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r e3
-3 4
:
d I O
- a nth
r a c e n ep
a rt ic
l
ep h
a s e5 2
c o n c e n
t
r atio n s
m
o nit
o r ed
up
str e am
a nd d
ow
n str e am
f
r om
th
el
a rg
ed
e n ud
e r,1 2
/
2
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r e3
-3
5:d I O
F i g
u r e3
-3 6
:d 1 0
-p
y
r e n ep
a rtic
le
p h
a s e c o n c e ntr atio n s
5 3
m
o ni
to r ed
up
str e am
a nd d
ow
n str e am f
r om
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,1 2
/
2
/
9
4.F ig
u r e3
-3 7
:T h
e o r etic a
l p
e n etr ati
o n of
o rg
a nic
g
a s e s6 2
t
h
r o ug
h
th
el
a rg
ed
e n ud
e r a s af
u n cti
o n of
r e si d
e n c et
im
e .F ig
u r e3
-38
:O b
s e r v ed p
e n etr atio n o
f g
a sp h
a s e6 3
p h
e n a nth
r e n e th
r o ug
h t h
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F ig
u r e3
-3 9
:O
b
s e r v ed p
e n et
r atio n
of p
a rt ic
le
p h
a s e6 3
p h
e n a nth
r e n e th
r o ug
h t h
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r e3
-40
:
O b
s e r v ed p
e n etr atio n o
f
g
a sp h
a s e6 4
f lu o r a n
t h
e n e th
r o ug
h
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F i g
u r e3
-41
:O b
s e r v ed p
e n etr atio n
of p
a rtic
l
ep h
a s e6 4
f lu o r a n
th
e n e th
r o ug h
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r e3
-42
:O b
s e r v ed p
e n etr a tio n of
g
a sp h
a s ep y
r e n e6 5
t
h
r o ug h
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r e3
-4 3
:O b
s e r v ed p
e n etr ati
o n of p
a rtic
le
p h
a s e6 5
p
y
r e n e th
r o ug
h
th
ela r
g
ed
e n ud
e r,8
/
9
/
9 4
.F
i
g
u r eA
-1
:
H
ot w
ir e a n e
m
om
ete r c al ib
r ati
o np
r o c ed
u r e .6 8
F i
g
u r eA
-2
:
A
ct
u al
ai
r v elo c
i ty
a s af
u n ct io n o
f
A In o r
h
ot
6 9
w ir e a n e
m
om
e te rd i
sp l
ay
ed
o utp
ut.F i
g
u r eA
-3
:H iv o
l M
oto r a nd
O
ri f ic e
P l
at
eA
s s em b ly
7 0
C
ali b
r atio n
P
r o c ed
u r e.F
ig
u r eA
-4
:
H iv o
l
m
oto r o
p
e r at
in
g f l
ow
r at
e a s af
u n ctio n
7 1
o
f t h
ep
r e s s u r ed
r op m
e a s u r ed
a c r o s sit
s o rif i
c ep
la
te
.F i
g
u r eA
-5
:
F
l
ow
r ate th
r o ug
h
th
e o ri fi
c e a s s em b l
y
a s a7 1
f
u n ctio n o
f m
e a s u r ed p
r e s s u r ed
r op
.F i
g
u r eB
-1
:
C h
am b
e r tem p
e r atu r e,d
ew p
oin
t, a nd
7 9
r e
la
t
iv e
h
um
id i
t
y
d
u rin
g
t h
e1
/
12
/
9 4
e xp
e ri m
e nt
.F i g
u r eB
-2
:T S P
c o n c e ntr ati
o n sm
e a s u r ed d
u ri
ng
t h
e7 9
1
/
12
/
9 4
e xp
e rim
e n t.F i g
u r eB
-3
:
P h
e n a nth
r e n eg
a sp h
a s e c o n c e ntr atio n s
8 0
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e1
/
1 2
/
9 4
e xp
e ri m
e n t.F i g
u r eB
-4
:F l
u o r a nth
e n e a nd P y
r e n eg
a sp h
a s e8 0
c o n c e n tr a t
io n s
m
e a su r e dd
u rin
g
th
e 1/
1 2/
9 4 e xp
e ri m
e nt.F i g
u r eB
-5
:P h
e n a nth
r e n ep
a rtic
le
p h
a s e c o n c e ntr atio n s
8 1
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e1
/
12
/
9 4
e xp
e rim
e nt.F i g
u r eB
-6
:F l
u o r a nth
e n e a nd P y
r e n ep
a rtic
l
ep h
a s e8 1
c o n c e ntr a t
io n s
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e1
/
1 2
/
9 4
e xp
e ri m
e nt.F
i
g
u r eB
-7
:C
h
am b
e rt
em p
e r at
u r e,d
ew
p
oin
t, a nd
8 2
r e
l
ativ e
h
um id it y d
u rin
g
t h
e1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e ri m
e nt.F i
g
u r eB
-8
:
T S P
c o n c e ntr atio n s
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e8 2
1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e ri m
e nt
.F i g
u r eB
-9
:P h
e n a nt h
r e n eg
a sp h
a s e c o n c e ntr at io n s
8 3
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e rim
e nt.F i
g
u r eB
-1 0
:F l
u o r a nth
e n eg
a sp h
a s e c o n c e ntr at i
o n s8 3
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
th
e 10
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e rim
e nt.F i g
u r eB
-1 1
:P h
e n a nth
r e n ep
artic
le
p h
a s e8 4
c o n c e ntr at
i
o n sm
e a s u r ed d
u ri
ng
th
e1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e ri m
e nt.F
i
g
u r eB
-1 2
:
F
lu o r a n
t
h
e n ep
art
ic
l
eph
a s e8 4
c o n c e n
t
r atio n s
m
e a s u r ed d
u rin
g
t h
e1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
e xp
e ri m
e nt.F i
g
u r eB
-1 3
:O b
s e r v ed
a nd p
r ed ic
ted p
artit
io n
i
ng
f
o r8 5
f l
u o r e n ein a
d i l
utew
o od
sm
ok
e at m
o sp h
e r e .F i
g
u r eB
-1 5
:
O b
s e r v ed
a nd p
r ed i
ct
ed p
a rtit i
o nin
g
f
o r8 6
f i
u o r a nth
e n ein a
d i l
uted i
e s el
s o ot atm
o sp h
e r e atte
m p
e r atu r e s of
-2
to7
°C
.F
i
g
u r eB
-1 6
:O b
s e r v ed
a nd
e xp
e ct
ed
v al
u e s of
th
e8 7
p
a rt it i
o ni
ng
c o ef
fi
ci
e nt f
o rp h
e n a nth
r e n e ,1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
.F ig
u r eB
-1
7:O b
s e r v ed
a nd
e xp
e cted
v alu e s
of
th
e8 7
p
a rtit
io n
i
ng
c o ef fic
i
e nt f
o rf iu o r a n
th
e n e ,1 0
/
2 2
/
9 3
.F i
g
u r eB
-1 8
:O b
s e r v ed
a nd
e xp
e cted
v alu e s o
f
th
e8 8
p
a rtit
i
o ni
ng
c o eff i
ci
e ntf
o rp h
e n a nth
r e n e ,1
/
1 2
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r eB
-1 9
:O b
s e r v ed
a nd
e xp
e cted
v alu e s o
f t
h
e8 8
p
a rt it
io n
i
ng
c o ef fic
i
e ntf
o rf iu o r a n
th
e n e ,1
/
1 2
/
9 4
.F i
g
u r eB
-2 0
:
O b
s e r v ed
a nd
e xp
e cted
v alu e s
of t h
e8 9
p
a rtit
io n
i
ng
c o ef fic
i
e ntf
o rp
y
r e n e ,1
/
1 2
/
9 4
I
.In
t
r o
d
u c
t i
o n
M
o tiv atio n
f
o rR
e s e a r ch
:C
om b
u stio n a e r o s o
ls
h
a v eb
e e n a s s o ci
at
ed w it
h
c a r c
in o
g
e nic
a cti
vit
y
sin c e
th
e e a rl
y p
a rt
of t h is
c e nt
u ry
(
K
e n n aw
ay
a nd H ie
g
e r,1 9 3 0
;K
e n n aw
ay
,1 9 5
5 ;P h i l li p
s,1 9 8 3
;G
ri m m
e r,1 9 9 3
)
.S
e v e r al k
n ow
np
r om
utag
e nic
c om p
o u nd
s(
s u ch
a sb
e n 2 o[
a]p
y
r e n e ;K
e n n aw
ay
,1 9 5 5
)
, a nd
d i
r e ct-a cti
ng m
utag
e n s(
s u ch
a s nit
r o -f l
u o r a nth
e n e s;
A
r ey
, et al
.,
1 9 8 8
)
h
a v eb
e e ni d
e n tif ie
d i
n c om b
u stio n a e r o s o
l
e xtr a cts.T h
e s e c om p
o u nd
s a r e e x am p l
e so
f
a s ub
cla s s o
f
s em iv o
la
til
e o rg
a ni
c c om p
o u nd
s,k
n ow
n a sp
oly
cy
cl i
c a r om
a tich y d
r o c a rb
o n s(
P A H
's
)
.I
n th
e atm
o sp h
e r e, s e
m iv o
la
til
e o rg
a nic c o
m p
o u nd
s(
S
V O
C
's
)
p
a rti t io n
f
r a ctio n a
l l
y
b
etw
e e ntw
op h
a s e s, th
eg
a sp h
a s e a nd
th
ep
a rti
cle
p h
a s e(
Y
am
a s ak
i
, et
al
.,1 9 8 2 ;
P
a nk
ow
, et
al
. ,1 9 9 4
)
.F
i
g
u r e1
-1
i l lu s
t
r at
e s s em i
v ol
at i l
eg
a s-p
a rt
i
cle
p
a rt
it
io n
in
g
.P
a rt
i
cl
e-1- ° O O o o
o o ° o °
o o °o°
F
r e eS V O C
M
ole c u
l
e s(
G
a sP h
a s e)
A d
s o rb
ed
S V O C
M
ol
e c ul
e sI
n th
eg
a sp h
a s e ,S V
O
C
's e x
i
st a sf
r e eg
a s e s ;w
h
i
l
ep
a rt ic
le
p h
a s eS V O
C
' s s o rb
to a
i
rb
o r n ep
a rtic
l
e s.A
th
o r o ug
h
u nd
e r sta nd i
ng
of
a s em iv o
la
t ile
's
g
a s-p
a rti
cl
ep
a rtit i
o ni
ng i
s n e c e s s a ry f
o rt h
ed
ete rm in a
t i
o n of
i
t
sh
e al t h
ef
f
e ct
s, a nd
ult i m
atef
atein
th
e e n vir o n
m
e nt.T h
ep h
a s ein
w h i
ch
a s em
i
v ol
ati le
c a r ci
n og
e n e xi
stsg
o v e r n s th
e r ate a nd lo c a
tio n o
f i
ts up
tak
eb y
th
eb
od y
,w h
e nin
h
al
ed
(
K la a s s e n
a n
d R
o zm
a n,1 9 9 1
)
.F
u rth
e rm
o r e, th
ep
a rt i
cle s
iz e
f
r a ct io n
t h
at
a c om p
o u nd
p
r ed
om in a n
tly
a s s o ci
ate sw i
th is
i m p
o rta nt
.L
a rg
ep
a rtic
l
e s s ett le
in
th
e up
p
e rr e s
p i
r a to ry
tr a ct,w h i l
e sm
al l p
a rti
cle s
p
e n etr at
e to th
ed
e ep
e st p
a rt
of
th
elu n
g
s .I
n c o ntr a st,k i
n etic
r ate s of
e x ch
a ng
eg
o v e r n th
e up
tak
e of
g
a sp h
a s em
at
e ria
l
by
lu n
g
tis s u e
(
K l
a a s s e n a nd R
o zm
a n,1 9 9 1
)
.G
a s-p
a rtic
le
p
a rti
tio n
in
g
als o
in
f l
u e n c e s th
e ch
em ic a
l
r e a ct iv
i
ty
of
s e
m iv o
l
atile
P A H
's
(
B i d le
m
a n,1 9 8 8
)
.In
th
e atm
o sp h
e r e, s om
eP A H
's r e a ct
w i
th
n
i
tr og
e n o xi d
e s o r o z o n e a nd f
o rm p
r od
u ct
s of m
u ch g
r e ate rm
ut
ag
e ni
ci ty
(
F
a n,et a
l
.,
1 9 9 5
;A
r ey
, et
al
. ,1 9 8 8 ;
H
el m i
g
, et
al
. ,19 9 2 ;
B
ell
a nd K
am
e n s ,1 9 9 0
)
.I
ns o
m
ein s
ta n c e s ,t h
e ch
em ic a
l
c om p
o sit i
o n of
p
a rt i
cle s
f
a ci l it
ate s o rh i
nd
e r sr e a ct
io n r a
te s of
s o rb
ed
sp
e cie s
(
IVIc
D
ow
, et al.
,1 9 9 4
;O
d
um
,1 9 9 3
)
.F
u rth
e rm
o r e, th
em i g
r a tio n o
f
s em i
v ola
tile s
th
r o ug h
th
e atm
o sp h
e r e o r too
t h
e r e n vi
r o nm
e nt
al
c om
p
a rt m
e nt
sd
ep
e nd
s up
o ng
a s-p
a rti
cl
ep
a rtit i
o ni
ng
(
S
ch
r o ed
e r a nd
L
a n e ,1 9 8 8 ;
B
id l
em
a n,1 9 8 8
)
.A
t m
o sp h
e ri
cp
a rt i
c ul
at
e s s ett
l
e o rw
a sh
o ut of
th
e atm
o sp h
e r ew it h p
r e ci p it
at i
o n,w h i l
eg
a s e sf
ol
l
ow k i
n et ic s
of
S i
n c e th
el
ate 19
70
' s ,g
a s
-p
a rti
cl
ep
arti
ti
o ni
ng
th
e o ri
e sh
a v eb
e e nb
a s ed
u
p
o n al i
n e a rL
a ng
m
ui
ri
a ni
s oth
e rm
,w h i
ch
a s s um
e s eq
uil i b
ri
um
c o nd i
ti
o n s(
J
u ng
e ,1 9 7 7
;Y
am
a s ak i
,1 9 8 2
;B id l
em
a n , et al
.,1 9 8 6
;P
a nk
ow
,1 9 8 7 & 1 9 9 1
;P
a nk
ow
a nd B id l
em
a n,1 9 9 1 & 1 9 9 2
)
.S
u ch
eq
ui li b
ri
um
th
e o ri
e sp
r o vi d
ed
a ne x c e
l l
e ntf
o u nd
ati
o nf
o r th
e stud y
of
g
a s-p
a rti
cl
ep
arti
ti
o ni
ng
(
a nd
a r ed i
s c u s s ed
f
urt h
e rb
el
ow
)
.H
ow
e v e r, eq
ui l i b
ri
um m
od
el
sd
o n ot
alw
ay
s ap p ly
t
ot
h
et
r u ec o n
d i
ti
o n s th
at
e xi
sti
n th
e atm
o sp h
e r e(
R
o u nd
s a nd P
a nk
ow
,1 9 9 0
;K
am
e n s , eta
l
.,1 9 9 5
)
.D
e vi
ati
o n sf
r om
eq
ui l ib
ri
um
o c c u r a s em i
s si
o n st
r a v el f
r om t h
ei
rs o u r c e s a n
d d il
ute, a s th
e ch
a r a cte ri
sti
c s of
s u sp
e nd
ed p
art i
c ul
ate s ch
a ng
ew i
th
t
i m
e, o r a sw
e at h
e r c o nd i
ti
o n s v a ry
(
R
o u nd
s a nd P
a nk
ow
,1 9 9 0
)
.A
ni m p
r o v ed
u nd
e r sta nd i
ng
of
th
ek
i
n e ti
c s of m
a s s tr a n sf
e rb
etw
e e nt h
eg
a s a nd p
arti
cl
ep h
a s e si
s n e ed
ed t
o r ef i
n e c u r r e ntm
e th
od
s of p
r ed i
cti
v ea t
m
o sp h
e ri
cm
od
el i
ng
.T w
o r e c e ntly
p
r op
o s ed k i
n eti
cm
od
el
s a r ed i
s c u s s ed i
nt
h i
si
ntr od
u cti
o n(
R
o u nd
s a nd P
a nk
ow
,1 9 9 0
;O d
um
, e t al
.,1 9 9 4
)
.A d
d it i
o n al l
y
,p
art it i
o ni
ng
k i
n et i
c si
s of i
nt
e r e st t
ot
h
e at m
o sp
h
e ri
c s am
pli
ng
c o
m m
u ni
ty
.T
r ad i
ti
o n al
S
V O C
s am
p
l i
ng
d
e vi
c e s a r e s ub
j
e ctt
o s am
p
l i
ng
art
i
f
a ct
s(
M
cD
ow
a nd H
u ntzi
ck
e r,1 9 9 0 ; E
at
o ug
h
, e t al
.,
1 9 9 0
)
.D
ep
e nd i
ng
up
o ns a
m p l i
ng
c o nd i
ti
o n s , ei
th
e r a n o v e r- o r u n
d
e r- e sti m
ati
o n of p
art i
cl
ep h
a s em
ate ri
al m
ay
o c c u r(
M
cD
ow
a nd H
u ntzi
ck
e r,1 9 9 0
)
.T h
ei
nt
r od
u ct i
o n of d i ff
u si
o nd
e n ud
e r s a s s am
p
l i
ng
d
e vi
c e sp
art i
al l
y
al l
e vi
ated
th i
sp
r ob l
em
(
E
ato ug
h
, e t al
. ,1 9
86
;L
a n e , et al
.,
1 9 8 8
;C
o uta nt, et al
. ,1 9 8 9
;K
ri
eg
e r a nd H i
te s,1 9 9 4
; a nd
de n u der
is
lo n
g
, c om p
a r ed w i
th
th
ep
a rti
cle s
'a
b i l it y t
o of fg
a s ,i t
is
c o n c eiv a
b
le
t
h
atp
a rtic
le s
r ele a s e
S V
O
C
's
w h i le
th
ey
a r e sti ll in s
i d
e.I
n s u ch
a c a s e, a n
u n
d
ere
sti m
atio n o
f t h
ep
a rtic
le
p
h
a s e c o n c e ntr a tio n
, a nd
a n o v ere
sti
m
at i
o n of
t
h
eg
a sp h
a s e c o n c e ntr a ti
o n r e s ul
ts.T h is
p
o te ntia
l p
r ob l
em h
a s n ot b
e e nd i
r e ctly
ad d
r e s s ed i
n c u r r e nt d
e n ud
e rd
e si
g
n s .R
ath
e r, r e s
i d
e n c e ti m
e s a r es
i m p ly h
eld
a s sh
o rt a sf
e a si b le
(
le s s
th
a n2
s e c o nd
s,g
e n e r al ly
)
.P
u rp
o s e.T h
ep
u rp
o s e of
th i
s r e s e a r ch w
a st
od
e si
g
n a nd
te st a n e xp
e rim
e nt
al
m
eth
od f
o r th
e stud y
of S V O C m
a s s tr a n sf
e rb
etw
e e n th
eg
a s a nd p
a rtic
l
ep h
a s e s.A l
a rg
ed if f
u si
o nd
e n ud
e r sy
stem
w
a sd
e si g
n ed
a nd
u s ed i
n s e v e r al
e x
p
e ri m
e nts to stud
y
th
ep
a rti ti
o ni
ng
d y
n am
ic s o
f P A H
's
p
r e s e nt i
nd i
e s el
e ng
i
n ee
m is s
i
o n s .T h
em
ain o
b
j
e cti
v ew
a st
o e xp
e ri m
e nta
l l
y
ob
s e r v e r ate s of
p
a rtic
l
ep
h
a s eP A H
r ele a s e
d
u rin
g
c o nd i
tio n s
of
n o n-eq
ui
l ib
riu
m
.T h
is
t
y p
e of
i
nf
o rm
a ti
o ni
s u s ef
ul f
o r r e s e a r ch in
th
e a r e a s of
a tm
o sp
h
e ric
s am p l
i
ng
a nd
k i
n eti
cm
od
el i
ng
.T w
o ty
p
e s of
e xp
e ri m
e ntsw
e r ep
e rf
o rm
ed
:d
e n ud
e r-s
m
og
c
h
am b
e r e xp
e ri m
e nt
s , a nd d
e n ud
e ri
nle
t-o u
t le
t
e xp
e rim
e nts .T h
eg
o al
of t h
ed
e n ud
e r-sm
og
ch
am
b
e r e xp
e ri m
e nt
sw
a st
o ob
s e r v et h
er e
le a s e o
f
P
A
H
's
f
r om
air
b
o r n ed
i
e s el p
a rt i
cle s
u nd
e r c o nd
it io n s o
f
s e v e r eg
a sp
h
a s ed
efi
ci
t.F
r e sh d ie s e
l
e xha u s
t
f
ir s
t
p
a s s ed
t
h
r o ug
h t
h
el
a rg
ed
e n ud
e rs
y
stem
(
L D S
)
, a nd
th
e n e nte r ed
a1 9 0 m
^s
m
og
ch
am b
e r.A
c c o rd i
ng
tot
h
e o r etic a
l
c alc u
la
ti
o n s ,t
h
eL
D S
c oll
e ct
sm
o r e th
a n9 0
%
of
g
a sp
h
a s eP A H
'f
r om
th
e str e am
of d i
e s el
e xh
a u st.T h
u s ,p
r e s um
ab ly
,P A H
-
l
ad
e nd i
e s el
p
a rti
cl
e s e nte r ed
a ch
am b
e r atm
o sp h
e r ed
ep l
eted
of
g
a sp h
a s eP A H
's.
T h
eg
o al
of /
n/
ef-o of/
ef e xp
e ri m
e ntsw
a s to ob
s e r v e th
e sh
o rt-te rm
ef f
e cto
f
th
eL D S
o n th
eg
a s-p
a rti
cl
ed i
strib
uti
o n of P A H
's
i
nd i
e s el
sm
og
.D i
e s el
s
m
og d
r aw
nf
r om
a r e s e r v oi
rp
a s s ed t h
r o ug
h th
eL
D S
at
c a r ef
ul l
y
c o nt
r ol
le
d
a nd
m
o ni
to r ed f l
ow
r ate s.S
am p l
e sw
e r e sim
ul
ta n e o u sl
y
c ol l
e ct
ed f
r om
th
ei
nl
et
a nd
o ut
l
et of
th
eL D S d
u ri
ng i
ts op
e r ati
o n.T h
eg
a s
-p
a rti
cl
ed i
stri b
uti
o n s of P A H
's
m
e a s u r ed
at th
eL D S i
nl
etw
e r e c om p
a r ed t
ot h
o s e at th
e o utl
et.P
a rti
ti
o ni
ng
M
od
el
sB
a s ed
o nE q
ui l ib
ri
um
T h
e o ry
1
.J
u ng
e'
s
T
r e at
m
e nt
J
u ng
e(
1 9 7 7
)
, e st im
at
ed t
h
ef
r a ct i
o n of
a s em i
v ol
at i l
e c om p
o u nd
a
d
s o rb
ed i
n th
ep
a rti
cl
ep h
a s e(
(j
))
a c c o rd i
ng
t
o eq
u ati
o n1
.1
,b
el
ow
.H
ed
e v el
op
ed i
tf
r om
th
eB E T i
s oth
e rm
(
B
r u n a u e r,E m m it t
a nd T
el l
e r,1 9 3 8
)
,a s s u
m
ed l
e s st h
a n c om
p l
et
ep
a rt
i
cl
e c o v e r ag
e of
a n ad
s o rb i
ng
sp
e ci
e s, a nd
a s s u
m
ed
La n
g m
ui
ri
a n ad
s o rp
ti
o n .(
|
) =8
jC/
(
P
°+
O
jCj)
(
1
.1
)
P
°i
st h
e s atu r a ti
o n v ap
o rp
r e s s u r ei
nt
o r r;S
ji
s th
e ai
rb
o r n e c o n c e ntr ati
o n of
p
a rt i
c ul
at
e s u rf
a c e a r e ai
n cm
V
cm
^; a nd
q
i
s a c o n st
a nt
.P
a nk
ow l
at
e r e v al
u at
ed
Cj, a n
d f
o u nd t h
at
q
=
7 6 0 b
s
R T N
s(
P
a nk
ow
,1 9 8 7
)
.b
ei
s th
eB
E T
c o n st
a nt
(
of
t
h
eB E
T
is o
t h
e rm
)
; R
is
t h
ei d
e al
g
a s c o n sta nt
(
8 2
.0 6
cm
^«at
m
»d
eg
'' »
m
ol
'
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