13 Reformers.ppt

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Reforms and Nationalism

• Second Great Awakening_{Second Great Awakening} • Alex de TocquevilleAlex de Tocqueville

• Era of Good Feelings_{Era of Good Feelings}

• Hudson Valley schools of Art_{Hudson Valley schools of Art} • Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture

• New Nationalism _{New Nationalism}(leave extra room)(leave extra room)

• Knickerbocker School_{Knickerbocker School} • Taxes for EducationTaxes for Education

• Slave Codes_{Slave Codes}

• Sarah and Angelina GrimkeSarah and Angelina Grimke – An Appeal to Christian _{An Appeal to Christian}

Women of the South Women of the South

• Temperance Movements_{Temperance Movements} • Cult of Domesticity_{Cult of Domesticity}

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Second Great Awakening

• Religious revival_{Religious revival}

• Creation of new churches_{Creation of new churches} • Many split over theology _{Many split over theology}

(beliefs) including slavery

(beliefs) including slavery • More focus on individual _{More focus on individual}

responsibility for salvation

responsibility for salvation • People could improve _{People could improve}

themselves and society

themselves and society • It wasn’t predetermined_{It wasn’t predetermined}

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Charles G. Finney

•

Worksheet #1

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Black Churches

• Political and social _{Political and social} meeting centers meeting centers • Discuss abolition_{Discuss abolition} • African-Methodist _{African-Methodist}

Episcopal churches Episcopal churches

founded based on founded based on

freedom of worship and freedom of worship and

abolition abolition

• Slaves attend church _{Slaves attend church} with masters

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Alex de Tocqueville

•

Frenchman who

analyzed democracy

and social issues

•

Wrote “Democracy

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Transcendentalism

•

Worksheet #5

define

•

#6 Authors

•

#7 Civil

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Henry David Thoreau

•Walden_Walden

•Put the idea of self reliance to practice by _{Put the idea of self reliance to practice by} living alone for two years in a cabin on living alone for two years in a cabin on

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Civil Disobedience

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Era of Good Feelings

Feeling of nationalism after the

War of 1812

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• Hudson Valley _{Hudson Valley} Schools of Art:

Schools of Art: murals murals expressing natural

expressing natural

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Neoclassical Architecture

•

Building style for

many federal

buildings and other

buildings of

importance in the

US

•

Monuments in the

US, etc.

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New Nationalism

• Americanized literature_{Americanized literature} • Rugged frontier nature of _{Rugged frontier nature of}

the US the US

• Washington Irving_{Washington Irving}

– Hudson Valley folklore_{Hudson Valley folklore}

– Rip Van Winkle_{Rip Van Winkle}

– Sleepy Hollow_{Sleepy Hollow}

• James F. CooperJames F. Cooper

– Frontier\Indians_{Frontier\Indians}

– Last of the Mohicans_{Last of the Mohicans}

• Nathanial Hawthorne_{Nathanial Hawthorne} – Scarlet Letter_{Scarlet Letter}

• Henry D. Thoreau_{Henry D. Thoreau} – WaldenWalden

– Civil Disobedience_{Civil Disobedience}

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Knickerbocker School

•

Those authors who

promoted

Americanized

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Americanization of Culture

•

Literature

•

Hudson

Valley School

of Art

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Education Reforms

• Reformers text worksheet_{Reformers text worksheet}

• 8. What were the only 2 states in country that made it a _{8. What were the only 2 states in country that made it a} law you had to attend school?

law you had to attend school?

• 9. Why did some wealthy not support tax supported _{9. Why did some wealthy not support tax supported} schools?

schools?

• 10. Who was a major education reformer in _{10. Who was a major education reformer in} Massachusetts?

Massachusetts?

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Educational Reformers

•

Horace Mann

–

Wanted better teaching methods and training

•

Noah Webster

standardize American

English

–

Plough, Colour, Labour

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• Webster began writing his dictionary at the age _{Webster began writing his dictionary at the age} of 43. It took him more than 27 years to write it. of 43. It took him more than 27 years to write it. • Webster introduced distinctively American words _{Webster introduced distinctively American words}

such as "skunk" and "hickory" and "chowder." such as "skunk" and "hickory" and "chowder." • _{But not all Webster spellings from that first}_{But not all Webster spellings from that first}

dictionary stuck! For example, "tung" (tongue) dictionary stuck! For example, "tung" (tongue)

and "wimmen" (women) aren't used today -- and "wimmen" (women) aren't used today --

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Taxes for Education

Public Schools were mainly in

the North

Many rich won’t support public

schools

#9: Paying for the poor to learn

;

they don’t pay as high taxes, if

any

Southerners didn’t want to

commit to a set tax in case they

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•

Reformers #4

•

#5 Descriptions

•

#6 South reaction

•

#7 Effect on

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Utopian

Communities

#1: What and why?

#2 Name 2

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David Walker’s Appeal: 1829

•Many blacks began to challenge traditional views_{Many blacks began to challenge traditional views} •David Walker_{David Walker} was a free black man from NC was a free black man from NC

who moved to Mass.

•Southerners urged Walker to leave Boston after _{Southerners urged Walker to leave Boston after}

smuggling copies into the south

•He refused, and his body was found soon after_{He refused, and his body was found soon after} •Poison or tuberculosis/consumption?_{Poison or tuberculosis/consumption?}

•This was the most radical abolitionist material _{This was the most radical abolitionist material}

around; also against resettlement

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ABOLITIONISTS

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Was Jackson pro or anti

slavery?

Jackson will restrict some

abolitionist material

•

Who am I?

•

The Liberator

•

What did it call for?

•

What led to some whites

not supporting me?

•

Blacks were Americans, not

Africans

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•Who am I?_{Who am I?} •Former slave_{Former slave}

•With help, purchased his _{With help, purchased his} way out of slavery

way out of slavery

•Not militant; wanted to use _{Not militant; wanted to use} politics to gain rights

politics to gain rights

•Made speeches all over the _{Made speeches all over the} north to gain support

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Slavery

• Psychological – Bible

• All southerners didn’t support slavery

• Planters lived in constant fear of rebellion (outnumbered)

• Laws were passed to prevent slaves from learning to read and write

• Slave myths: many were already discussed

– Slaves didn’t rebel_{Slaves didn’t rebel} Truth: they did in their own wayTruth: they did in their own way – Slaves were lazy_{Slaves were lazy} Truth: they worked only as Truth: they worked only as

hard as

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Slave Rebellions

• Most slave rebellions failed _{Most slave rebellions failed} due to organization or other due to organization or other

slaves telling the masters slaves telling the masters • Why would a slave do this?Why would a slave do this? • One was somewhat One was somewhat

successful successful

• Nat Turner’s Rebellion; _{Nat Turner’s Rebellion;} 1831

1831

• bloodiest slave revolt in US _{bloodiest slave revolt in US} history

history

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Antebellum\Slave Codes

• Before Turner’s rebellion, some states such as _{Before Turner’s rebellion, some states such as} Virginia were thinking of removing slavery

Virginia were thinking of removing slavery • Instead, _Instead,Slave CodesSlave Codes were passed were passed

• To control blacks; lost most rights_{To control blacks; lost most rights} • Many free blacks moved North_{Many free blacks moved North}

• In 1835, NC became the last Southern state to deny _{In 1835, NC became the last Southern state to deny} free blacks the right to vote

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Women’s Rights

Limited rights Limited rights

Couldn’t be on a jury, hold office, vote, when Couldn’t be on a jury, hold office, vote, when married your land became your husbands, no married your land became your husbands, no

laws against abuse laws against abuse

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Grimke Sisters:

An Appeal to

Christian Women of the South

They were from South Carolina

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•

Anti-alcohol reformers

•

They said alcohol caused many of the

societies problems

•

Fights at wedding; falling into open graves at

funerals

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FROM THE FIRST GLASS TO THE GRAVE.

STEP 1. A glass with a friend.

STEP 2. A glass to keep the bold chat.

STEP 3. A glass too much. STEP 4. Drunk and riotous. STEP 5. The ... ... ...

companions. A partly mad drunkard.

STEP 6. Poverty and disease.

STEP 7.Forsaken by friends.

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Cult of Domesticity

•

1800’s belief that

once married

women should take

care of the home

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Women’s Education

• Many thought educating _{Many thought educating} women would effect the women would effect the cult of domesticity

cult of domesticity • Too much learning _{Too much learning}

injured the feminine brain injured the feminine brain • Early women’s schools _{Early women’s schools}

opened by Emma opened by Emma

Williard and Mary Lyon Williard and Mary Lyon • Critic: “Soon they’ll be _{Critic: “Soon they’ll be}

educating cows” educating cows”

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Suffrage Movement

•

Right to vote for

women

•

Lucretia Mott

•

Elizabeth Cady

Stanton

•

Women support

abolitionists

because

women also have few

rights

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Call for change!

•

Seneca Falls Convention (NY) (1848)

•

Meeting of women to declare their grievances

•

Declaration of Sentiments

•

like a Dec. of Independence for women

•

Many things agreed on, but the right to vote

wasn’t supported as much as some had

hoped

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Sojourner Truth

• Sojourn means to travel_{Sojourn means to travel} • Real name was Isabella _{Real name was Isabella}

Baumfree Baumfree

• Former slave known for _{Former slave known for} her powerful speeches her powerful speeches

against slavery against slavery • Illiterate_Illiterate

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Sojourner Truth

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Phrenology

• Human mind composed of _{Human mind composed of} 37 “organs” whose

37 “organs” whose

development determined the development determined the

shape of the skull and the shape of the skull and the

individual individual

• You can tell the character by _{You can tell the character by} examining bumps and

examining bumps and depressions of the skull depressions of the skull • Began in 1830-40’s_{Began in 1830-40’s}

• Most of these reforms cost _{Most of these reforms cost} little and could be practiced little and could be practiced

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