The Reformation.pptx

The

Protestant

Reformation

From Renaissance to

Reformation

 1500s, Renaissance

ideas spark a

religious upheaval

The Protestant Reformation =

Why Question the Church?

 Popes and higher clergy members led very

lavish (plentiful) lives.

Lots of food, alcohol, parties, silk & wealth.

The people and lower clergy were poor!

 The Church’s policy didn’t always match

what the Bible said.

People can Read!

 _{The Church was far away from northern}

Martin Luther: Father of the Reformation

 Who: German Monk

 What: Started a religious revolution  _{Where: Wittenberg, Germany}

 When: 1517

 Why: Outraged by the selling of indulgences

for Church profit.

 _{How: Wrote the 95 Theses = everything the}

Church is doing is wrong! Nailed it to the Church door for everyone to see. Hoped to inspire debate. _http://

What is an Indulgence?

 Form of penitence for doing something bad.  Its purpose is to

prevent oneself from going to hell for sins committed.

 The unrestricted sale of indulgences was in

Martin Luther’s Beliefs

1. The Pope does not

have the authority to release souls from

purgatory through the sale of indulgences.

2. All Christians have

Why were the 95 Theses

Important?

 Inspired debate across Europe and defiance towards the Church

Sequence of Events

1. Luther encourages debate questioning Church

practices.

2. The Church gets angry!

3. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V orders Luther to

stop.

4. Luther refuses = break from the Church =

formation of Lutheranism; seen as a hero!

5. Luther is declared a heretic in the Edict of

Worms

 Not allowed to practice Catholicism

eternity… Let them condemn and

burn all that belongs to me; in return I will do as much for them… Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a

book in the German tongue about

Christian reform, directed against the Pope, in language as violent as if I

were addressing the Antichrist.”

Unintentional Consequences

 Peasants start a revolution = end to feudalism; raided the countryside burning monasteries

 Luther does not support the revolts = many

of his followers turned against him.

 Northern German princes see an opportunity

 used his ideas as an excuse to take land from

The Church Breaks Apart

 Sect: A religious group that has broken away from an established church.

John Calvin = Calvinism

 _{Geneva, Switzerland; shared}

Luther’s beliefs but also believed in predestination

 _{God has already chosen who} are saved.

 Set up a theocracy =

government run by church leaders.

 Reformers from all over

Europe visited Switzerland to

learn about Calvin’s ideas. _http://

Calvinism Spreads

 John Knox visits

Switzerland brings Calvinism to Scotland

 _{Changed the name to} Presbyterians

 France = Calvin’s

followers were called the Huguenots

The

Protestant

Reformation

Spreads

The Church of England: The Saga of Henry VIII

 Henry VIII = Devout

Catholic BUT… wants to divorce his wife.

 Big NO NO in the Catholic

Church!

 Why does he want a divorce?

 _{His wife Catherine was no}

Catherine of Aragon

 Henry’s only option was an annulment = has to prove that his marriage was never legal.

 Claims that his wife was not a virgin when he married her.

 Originally brother’s wife =

alliance between Spain and England, but the brother

died…

 _{Henry was then forced to}

marry Catherine to prevent the alliance from falling

Annulment Denied!

 Henry wrote to the

Pope asking for an annulment.

 The Pope refused

because Catherine was Charles V’s

aunt.

Break with the Church

No Annulment, No Problem

1534, Henry VIII has Parliament

pass the Act of Supremacy

Created the Church of England

Made Henry VIII the head of the Church.

Before the Split with the Church

 Henry supported the Catholic

Church by executing Protestants in England.

 His friend Sir Thomas More believed

purging Protestants was what God wanted and headed up the council in charge of identifying Protestants.

After the Split

 Many Catholics refused to abandon

their faith = mass killings.

Even Henry’s friend Sir Thomas

More was killed because he

Why can’t I have a boy?

 Wives #’s 2-6

 # 2 Ann Boleyn,

executed her when

she had a girl instead of a boy = Elizabeth I  # 3 Jane Seymour =

first surviving boy Edward VI = sickly  # 4 - 6 no babies!

http://

Henry Died, Now What?

 Edward takes the throne at 10 but dies

6 years later.

 Catherine’s daughter Mary Tudor,

becomes Queen; earns the nickname “Bloody Mary”

Reestablished the Catholic Church

Elizabeth I

 After Mary’s death,

Elizabeth I became Queen

 One of the greatest

monarchs in England’s history.

Brought peace

And enacted religions

The Counter Reformation: The Church Strikes Back!

 Reform movement within the

Catholic Church.

 The popes Council of Trent reaffirmed

Catholic views.

 Spanish Knight, Ignatius of Layola,

Pre

Results of the Reformation

 Martin Luther split the Church in two

_{Protestant (splits into many other sects)} Catholic

 Religious boundaries were drawn across

Europe.

 Many people were persecuted for their

beliefs; both Protestants and Catholics.

 Plays a roll in the colonization of the

Review Questions

 Why did Martin Luther write the 95 Thesis?

 He was opposed to the selling of indulgences and

felt that the Church was corrupted by outside influences.

 What impact did the Reformation have on

politics in Europe?

 Led to violence between Protestants and Catholics

 Many kings broke away from the Church to gain

more power

 _{How did the Reformation change Europe?}

 Went from everyone believing in the same form to