How To Reduce Energy Efficiency On Ships

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EUROPAS MARITIME UDVIKLINGSCENTER

Maritime Development Center of Europe

Amaliegade 33 B DK-1256 Copenhagen K Tel.: +45 33 33 74 88 Fax.: +45 33 33 75 88 www.maritimecenter.dk info@maritimecenter.dk

Danish Society for Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering

&

Danish Maritime Society

Energy Efficiency & SEEMP

Copenhagen -

October 28^th 2013

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Governing Regulations and Guidelines - Updates

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IMO REGULATIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Ø

Marpol includes in the annex VI rules regarding energy efficiency

Reference

MEPC.203(62) – New chapter 4 to MARPOL Annex VI – Reg.19,20,21

Entry into force

1 January 2013

Applicable to

all new ships ≥ 400gt*

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

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EEDI CALCULATION

Ø

EEDI takes in consideration the amount of CO

₂

generated per cargo unit transported and distance.

Ø

Attained EEDI calculated according to the IMO guidelines: MEPC Circ.1/681 revoked by Res. MEPC.212(63) and amended by MEPC.224(64).

Correction factors

CF CO₂emission coefficient SFC Specific fuel consumption

"AE" Subscripts for auxiliary engines f

( )

ref w c

i

ME FME

neff i

i eff i eff AE

FAE M

j

neff i

i AEeff i eff nPTI

i i PTI j

AE FAE

AE nME

i

i ME i

ME i ME M

j j

V f Capacity f

f

SFC C

P f SFC

C P

f P

f SFC

C P SFC

CF P

f

×

÷÷ø çç ö

è

æ × × ×

÷-

÷ ø ö çç

è

æ ÷÷ø ×

ö ççè

æ × - ×

+

×

× +

÷ø ç ö

è

æ × ×

÷÷ø ö ççè

æ

Õ å Õ å å å

=

= = =

=

*

1

) ( ) (

1 1

) ( ) ( 1

) ( 1

) ( )

( ) ( 1

Impact of Main Engines Impact of auxiliary

power demand Impact of PTI reduced by electrical

innovations Reduction of impact due to mechanical innovations

Ship’s work in normal operating condition

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Ø

Attained EEDI ≦ Required EEDI

Ø

Required EEDI to be reduced in different steps by the formula:

(1-X/100) × Reference line value

REQUIRED EEDI

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REFERENCE LINES

Ø

The baselines curves are available in the annex 1 of the document MEPC 62/6/4, considering:

•

Ship tonnage ≥ 400 gt

•

Calculation based on IHS Fairplay data base for interpolation calculations

•

Formula for the interpolation. Baseline value = aÎCapacity

^−c

Ø

Guidelines for the calculation of reference lines: Resolutions MEPC.231(65) &

MEPC.233(65)

Different type of ships

Several reference lines

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RULE AMENDMENTS

Resolution Title Status

MEPC.234(65) Amendments to the 2012 guidelines on survey and certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index

(EEDI) (Resolution MEPC.214(63)), as amended Amends MEPC.214(63)

MEPC.233(65) 2013 guidelines for calculation of reference lines for use with the Energy Efficiency Design Index

(EEDI) for cruise passenger ships having non-conventional propulsion

MEPC.231(65) 2013 Guidelines for calculation of reference lines for use with the Energy Efficiency Design Index

(EEDI) Revokes MEPC.215(63)

MEPC.224(64) Amendments to the 2012 guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained Energy Efficiency

Design Index (EEDI) for new ships

MEPC.215(63) Guidelines for calculation of reference lines for use with the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) Revoked by MEPC.231(65)

MEPC.214(63) 2012 Guidelines on survey and certification of the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) Revokes MEPC.1/Circ.682,

Revoked by MEPC.234(65)

MEPC.212(63) 2012 Guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained energy efficiency design index (EEDI)

for new ships Revokes MEPC.1/Circ.681

►

Several amendments have been introduced in the resolutions in the last MEPC committees

63, 64 and finally in May 2013 during the last MEPC.65

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GLOBAL REGULATORY TRENDS

Ø

MEPC.65 – Annex 13 of the committee report. Draft of resolution.

•

Amendment expected to be adopted in MEPC.66.

•

Regulation 20. Attained EEDI. Include new ships.

•

Regulation 21. Required EEDI. New reference lines introduced. Phase 1 directly applied to these ships when the amendment entries into force.

Ø

Monitoring emissions (NO

_x

, SO

_x

and CO

₂

) or sulphur content in fuels.

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EU REGULATORY TRENDS

Ø

Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of green house gases.

•

EU communication document COM(2013) 479 final.

Ø

EU commission proposal for regulation – COM(2013) 480 dated 28/06/2013.

•

Monitoring of the Energy efficiency and CO

₂

in ships over 5.000 GT.

•

Entry into force 2015.

•

Four possible methods.

• Bunker Fuel Delivery Note (BDN) and periodic stocktakes of fuel tanks;

• Bunker fuel tank monitoring on board;

• Flow meters for applicable combustion processes;

• Direct emissions measurements.

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Reference

MEPC 203(62) – New chapter 4 to MARPOL Annex VI – Reg.22

Entry into force

New ships: 01/01/2013

Existing ships: by the first IAPP intermediate or renewal survey, whichever is first, on or after 01/01/2013

Applicable to

all new & existing ships ≥ 400gt

SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

Ø

Marpol annex VI requires a management plan for ship energy efficiency (SEEMP) which must be on board (SEEMP to be developed by the Shipowner (in accordance with IMO Guidelines MEPC.213(63) which revokes MEPC.1/ Circ.683).

Planning

which determines the status of ship energy usage and the expected improvements of ship energy efficiency

Implementation

which includes the development of the procedures for energy management and the definition of the tasks to be performed

Self Evaluation & Improvement

to evaluate the effectiveness of the planned measures and of their implementation and to improve the SEEMP

Monitoring & Measurement

which provides a quantitative indicator of the ship energy effiency

Ø Four steps to be considered.

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Ø The energy efficiency operational index (EEOI) has the objective to facilitate the quantitative monitoring of energy efficiency. It may be used for the monitoring of SEEMP. The definition is according to MEPC 59 – MEPC.1/Circ.684 (guidelines for voluntary use) and the formula as follows:

m_cargo cargo unit (deadweight, TEU, GT or passengers)

D is the distance in nautical miles corresponding to the cargo C_Fj is the fuel mass to CO2 mass conversion factor for fuel j FC_j is the mass of consumed fuel j at voyage

ØThe EEOI can be calculated for one trip or for a certain period covering several trips

IMO GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION - EEOI

For 1 voyage

Transportation Work

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Bureau Veritas Involvement

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Ø

Bureau Veritas can be involved in different supporting tasks for shipyards and/or shipowners.

•

Verification of EEDI at initial design stage.

•

Final verification of EEDI during sea trials.

•

Issuance of International Energy Efficiency Certificate (IEE).

•

First EEDI attestation issued in 2012 (Bulk carrier, attained EEDI 20% lower than phase 0 requirements).

BV INVOLVEMENT IN EEDI CALCULATIONS

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BV & SEEMP

Ø

BV has developed a SEEMP reporting template available in Veristar to guide the Owner through the implementation of the SEEMP.

•

The final SEEMP format can be designed with the Owner’s Corporate identity and colours.

•

The tool can also be used to up-date the plan and carry out a self-evaluation on completion of the implementation period.

Ø

Notation SEEMP defined in the rule note NR 586.

•

Voluntary approval of the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) of individual ships.

•

The Owner will provide the SEEMP to BV for initial review and approval, as well as future revisions of the plan. The Owner will also send additional documents for information.

•

BV will evaluate the different possible measures initially suggested by the Owner and the order of magnitude of the possible gains. BV will also check that the SEEMP is effectively implemented on-board the ships.

Ø

To date BV has issued more than 110 attestations for

SEEMP in compliance with IMO Guidelines for

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Ø

Fuel oil consumption for can be reduced by:

•

Operational measures

•

Improved maintenance measures

•

Retrofitting Energy Saving Devices (ESD) on hull, propeller, machinery, etc

Add all the potential gain (generally communicated by suppliers) and you end up with 50% - did you experience such

improvement? Of course not !!

Fuel Oil Consumption

CO₂ Emissions

Energy Efficiency

Ø It is necessary to adopt an holistic approach when improving a ship in operation.

Ø Only a specific energy transfer equations calculation tool can provide a third party global gain prediction at ship scale.

A GLOBAL APPROACH TO BE ENERGY EFFICIENT

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Ø

Ship Energy Efficiency Calculation &

Analysis Tool is a software specifically developed by BV to optimize the energy efficiency of the ships and meet the emission limits regarding NOx, SOx, CO

₂

.

Ø

By creating an energy model of the ship and using the concept of the energy flow modeling (consumers and producers) we can predict the energy efficiency, the fuel consumption and the emission levels.

Ø

Choosing the appropriate propulsion system, fuel optimization methods, energy saving devices etc with the aid of the SEECAT software Bureau Veritas offers the possibility to reduce the operational expenses.

SEECAT SOFTWARE

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SEECAT SOFTWARE

Ø

Energy models finally “assembled” in a complete ship model

Operation profile

FOC vs Time RESULTS Propulsion/Engine Module

Electricity Module

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•Library •Ship

modeling

•Example of Results

•Speed profile

•CO2 emissions

•Fuel consumption

SEECAT SOFTWARE

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CASE STUDY – Container ship Optimization ?

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

OPTIMISATION !

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Ø

The basic approach for reducing CO2 emissions is by lowering fuel oil consumption for a given ship size, i.e. becoming more ENERGY EFFICIENT.

This can be achieved mainly addressing the following issues:

•

Hull form optimization

•

Propeller optimization

•

The use of energy saving devices

•

Waste heat recovery systems

•

More efficient engines and/or turbochargers

•

Engine derating – low/medium load optimization

•

Environmental friendly fuel

Ø

For the operational point of view besides to comply with the regulations, the issue is to be more efficient economically. Therefore, the shipowner concern is basically to optimize the design to be able to reduce the OPEX without affecting the CAPEX.

Ø

For this specific subject Bureau Veritas is currently working in parnership with Hydrocean to provide solutions.

BASICS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION

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SERVICES IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION

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E2 TOOL by TECNITAS

Ø

Tecnitas (member of the Bureau Veritas group of companies) has developed a

tool for monitoring the fuel consumption and emissions of the ship during

operation.

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E2 TOOL by TECNITAS

Ø

Three different modes are available, depending on requirements:

•

MODE 1 : Onboard acquisition mode

•

MODE 2 : Simulation mode

•

MODE 3 : Benchmark mode

Ø

These modes are complementary. Mode 1 is dedicated to onboard equipment and crew,

whereas mode 2 and mode 3 are more designed for ship planner/management.

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Full thermodynamic model of the cargo tank block

Cargo tanks interact with each other and the

adjacent spaces

Effects of change in

parameters are observed

“on the fly”

Constant calculation of the total fuel

consumption on the top of the page

Simulation of “boiler shut off” by calculation of the daily temperature drop

CARGO HEAT SCHEDULER by TECNITAS

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CARGO HEAT SCHEDULER by TECNITAS

EXTRACT OF IMO/OCIMF EXAMPLE SEEMP

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