Software Development Methodologies in Industry. By: Ahmad Deeb

Software Development

Software Development

Methodologies

Methodologies

in Industry

in Industry

Software Development

Software Development

Methodologies

Methodologies

in Industry

SDM definition

SDM definition

Project and analysis approach

Project and analysis approach

Research methods Research methods Project objective Project objective Survey objectives Survey objectives

Survey results & finding

Survey results & finding

Future study

Future study

Presentation outline Presentation outline

Software Development

Software Development

Methodologies

Methodologies

in Industry

What

What areare

Software Development

Software Development

Methodologies

Methodologies

in Industry

Methodologies?

Software Development Methodologies

Software Development Methodologies

A

A methodology is composed of one of the methodology is composed of one of the software development

software development lifecycles lifecycles used in used in conjunction with one or more techniques.

Lifecycles

Lifecycles

&

_&

Techniques

_Techniques

-

_-

1

₁

-- Waterfall Waterfall - - PrototypingPrototyping

-- Spiral Spiral - - Coding techniqueCoding technique

-- Iterative Iterative - - ObjectObject--Oriented Oriented

-- Incremental Incremental - - CleanClean--roomroom

-- AgileAgile

The techniques used to support in software lifecycles. The techniques used to support in software lifecycles.

Lifecycles

Lifecycles

Lifecycles

&

_&

Techniques

_Techniques

-

_-

2

₂

Prototyping Prototyping Spiral Object

Spiral Object--oriented analysisoriented analysis Clean

Clean--roomroom Description:

Description:

Software projects using spiral lifecycle may combine Software projects using spiral lifecycle may combine

prototyping with object

prototyping with object--oriented analysis and design, and oriented analysis and design, and also use clean

also use clean--room testing technique.room testing technique.

Developm ent Development

Development

Development lifecycles lifecycles - - 11

•

• The project The project targets development targets development methodologies methodologies used in industry.

used in industry.

•

• The survey The survey specifically refers to the specifically refers to the following following lifecycles: lifecycles: „ „ WaterfallWaterfall „ „ AgileAgile „ „ IncrementalIncremental „ „ SpiralSpiral „ „ IterativeIterative

Project and Analysis approach

Project and Analysis approach

Project objective

Research Method

Survey objectives

Questionnaire design

Questionnaire construction implementation

Analysis Collected data

Report

A

Research

Research

methods

_methods

-

_-

1

₁

Survey:

Survey:

„

„ Is Is often an investigation performed in often an investigation performed in

retrospect, when, for example, a tool or a

retrospect, when, for example, a tool or a

technique, has been

technique, has been used for used for a while.a while.

„

„ The The primary means of gathering qualitative primary means of gathering qualitative

data are interviews or

data are interviews or questionnaires. questionnaires.

„

„ The The results from the survey are then analysed results from the survey are then analysed

to derive descriptive and explanatory

to derive descriptive and explanatory

conclusions. [

Research

Research

methods

_methods

-

_-

2

₂

Case study:

Case study:

„

„ Case Case studies are used for monitoring projects, studies are used for monitoring projects,

activities or assignments.

activities or assignments.

„

„ Data Data is collected for a specific purpose is collected for a specific purpose

throughout the study.

throughout the study.

„

„ Based Based on the data collection, statistical on the data collection, statistical

analyses can be carried out.

Research methods

Research methods

-

_-

3

₃

Experiment:

Experiment:

„

„ Normally Normally done in a done in a laboratory laboratory environment, environment,

which provides a high level of control.

which provides a high level of control.

„

„ Subjects Subjects are assigned to different treatments are assigned to different treatments

at random.

Selected

Selected

method

method

-

-

1

1

In the light of the previous explanations, I have

In the light of the previous explanations, I have

decided to conduct a questionnaire survey.

decided to conduct a questionnaire survey.

„

„ Firstly, the research project is based on the Firstly, the research project is based on the

practice

practice and usage of the software and usage of the software

development lifecycles and techniques in development lifecycles and techniques in industry.

industry. Also, one

Also, one of the research of the research objectives is objectives is to to collect collect data

data fromfrom people who are people who are practicing and have practicing and have knowledge and solid experience in software knowledge and solid experience in software development methodologies in our industry. development methodologies in our industry.

Selected method

Selected method

-

_-

2

₂

„

„ Secondly, Secondly, conducting a questionnaire survey by conducting a questionnaire survey by

sending emails to intended participants is

sending emails to intended participants is quicker quicker and cheaper than other

and cheaper than other methods.methods.

„

„ Thirdly, based on the statement Thirdly, based on the statement ““The primary The primary

means of gathering qualitative or quantitative

means of gathering qualitative or quantitative

data are interviews or questionnaire

data are interviews or questionnaire”” [13[13], ], collecting

collecting data by conducting a survey is more data by conducting a survey is more beneficial and more suitable to my research beneficial and more suitable to my research

objectives. objectives.

Project

Project

objective

_objective

-

_-

1

₁

To investigate

To investigate/examine and evaluate /examine and evaluate what & what & how

how development methodologies are used in development methodologies are used in industry.

industry.

To ascertain what

To ascertain what can be learned from their can be learned from their usage and what makes

usage and what makes them beneficial, them beneficial, and and why they are less suitable for certain projects why they are less suitable for certain projects

or situations. or situations.

Identify the

Identify the benefits, strengths, weaknesses, benefits, strengths, weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages of these

advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies.

Project

Project

objective

_objective

-

_-

2

₂

Based on the project research/study, Based on the project research/study,

investigation and evaluation,

investigation and evaluation, a a useful table useful table shall be produced to

shall be produced to help help software developers software developers lean more about choice of methodologies

lean more about choice of methodologies..

Which of the development methodologies are

Which of the development methodologies are

not useful for industry and why?

not useful for industry and why?

Which

Which development methodologies can be development methodologies can be proven

proven to be beneficial?to be beneficial? What

What problems are there in implementing problems are there in implementing particular methodologies

Survey objectives

Survey objectives

Survey/questionnaire objectives

Survey/questionnaire objectives are to collect and relate (variously) the are to collect and relate (variously) the following data:

following data:

„

„ Usage of software development methodologies inUsage of software development methodologies in organisations.organisations. „

„ Organisation sizeOrganisation size „

„ TechniquesTechniques used used with thewith the various development lifecyclesvarious development lifecycles „

„ Organisational culture Organisational culture and work and work environmentenvironment

Investigate individual project, by collecting the following:

Investigate individual project, by collecting the following:

„

„ Project status and durationProject status and duration „

„ Project complexityProject complexity „

„ Software development lifecycle and techniques used in project.Software development lifecycle and techniques used in project. „

„ Rate of change in projectRate of change in project „

„ Project constraintsProject constraints „

„ Project criticalityProject criticality „

„ Team factors in the projectTeam factors in the project „

„ Management/leadership experienceManagement/leadership experience „

Survey results

Survey results

-

_-

1

₁

The data of the survey was extensive

The data of the survey was extensive

The survey

The survey included both public included both public sector sector and private

and private sector sector

110 emails were sent, about 20 emails

110 emails were sent, about 20 emails

sent by third party,

sent by third party, (total of 130 emails)(total of 130 emails) 22.3% response

Survey results

Survey results

-

_-

2

₂

•

• Organisation Organisation cultural cultural factors factors were were

assumed influence use of development

assumed influence use of development

methodologies.

methodologies.

•

• The analysed data The analysed data showed no showed no clear clear evidence

Survey results

Survey results

-

_-

3

₃

•

• Organisation size Organisation size and and team size did not team size did not determine the

determine the suitability of particular suitability of particular methodologies.

methodologies.

•

• Difficult Difficult to draw conclusion on the to draw conclusion on the relationship of these factors on

relationship of these factors on

development methodologies.

Survey results

Survey results

-

_-

4

₄

•

• No No evidence found to support the evidence found to support the

assumption of the influence/effects of

assumption of the influence/effects of

project factors such as complexity, quality,

project factors such as complexity, quality,

time pressure, project size, budget, project

time pressure, project size, budget, project

type, technology, change in requirements

type, technology, change in requirements

and project criticality on the use

and project criticality on the use of a of a particular lifecycle.

Survey results

Survey results

-

_-

5

₅

Leaders

Leaders and team and team members members with low with low experience,

experience, using informal using informal communication communication methods,

methods, incomplete requirements, incomplete requirements, no no project deadlines,

project deadlines, infrequent meetings infrequent meetings affect the implementation

affect the implementation of incremental of incremental methods to

Survey

Survey

results

_results

-

_-

6

₆

Results show slight evidence of using

combination of lifecycles in one project. Three projects have used two lifecycles.

First project have used waterfall and incremental Second project have used Incremental and agile Third project have used waterfall and iterative

Survey

Survey

results

results

-

-

7

7

•

• Confirm waterfall lifecycles are Confirm waterfall lifecycles are not useful not useful where project

where project requirements/goals are not requirements/goals are not mature.

mature.

•

• Finally, Finally, I I believe that the project objectives believe that the project objectives were

were achieved and the results of the achieved and the results of the survey were adequate.

Future study

Future study

-

_-

1

₁

•

• The following issues should be explored further in The following issues should be explored further in future

future research:research:

„

„ EveryEvery agile methods (agile methods (e.g. XP, Scrum), has its e.g. XP, Scrum), has its

own characteristics and purpose of use. Future own characteristics and purpose of use. Future

study should look closely

study should look closely the differences.the differences.

„

„ Agile methods needsAgile methods needs separate research.separate research.

„

„ The effect of rate of change in the project on The effect of rate of change in the project on

methodology. methodology. „

„ The suitability of programming languages with The suitability of programming languages with

lifecycles lifecycles..

„

„ The use of combination methods in one The use of combination methods in one

project. project.

Future study

Future study

-

_-

2

₂

„

„ The relationship and effect of organisation The relationship and effect of organisation

size (small, medium and large) on size (small, medium and large) on

development methodologies in more

development methodologies in more detaildetail

„

„ The relationship and effect of project size The relationship and effect of project size

(small, medium and large) on development (small, medium and large) on development

methodologies in more

methodologies in more detaildetail

„

„ The relationship between project type and The relationship between project type and

development

development methodologymethodology

„

„ Explore Explore the relationship between techniques the relationship between techniques

and lifecycles in more