Measuring the Non compositionality of Multiword Expressions

1IEWYVMRK XLI 2SRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] SJ 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSRW

*ER &Y

ERH

<MES]ER >LY

7XEXI /I] 0EFSVEXSV] SJ -RXIPPMKIRX 8IGLRSPSK] ERH 7]WXIQW

8WMRKLYE 2EXMSREP 0EFSVEXSV] JSV -RJSVQEXMSR 7GMIRGI ERH 8IGLRSPSK]

(ITEVXQIRX SJ 'SQTYXIV 7GM ERH 8IGL 8WMRKLYE 9RMZIVWMX]

FYJ$QEMPWXWMRKLYEIHYGR

ERH

^\]HGW$XWMRKLYEIHYGR

1MRK 0M

(EZMH 6 'LIVMXSR 7GLSSP SJ 'SQTYXIV 7GMIRGI

9RMZIVWMX] SJ ;EXIVPSS

QPM$Y[EXIVPSSGE

%FWXVEGX

1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSRW 1;)W ETTIEV JVIUYIRXP] ERH YRKVEQQEXMGEPP] MR XLI REXYVEP PERKYEKIW -HIRXMJ]MRK 1;)W MR JVII XI\XW MW E ZIV] GLEPPIRKMRK TVSFPIQ 8LMW TETIV TVSTSWIW E ORS[PIHKIJVII XVEMRMRKJVII ERH PERKYEKIMRHITIRHIRX 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR (MWXERGI 1)( 8LI RI[ QIXVMG MW HIVMZIH JVSQ ER EG GITXIH TL]WMGEP TVMRGMTPI QIEWYVIW XLI HMWXERGI JVSQ ER KVEQ XS MXW WIQER XMGW ERH SYXTIVJSVQW SXLIV WXEXISJXLIEVX QIXLSHW SR 1;)W MR X[S ETTPMGEXMSRW UYIWXMSR ERW[IVMRK ERH REQIH IRXMX] I\ XVEGXMSR

-RXVSHYGXMSR

% 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR 1;) MW E WIUYIRGI SJ RIMKLFSVMRK [SVHW q[LSWI I\EGX ERH YREQ FMKYSYW QIERMRK SV GSRRSXEXMSR GERRSX FI HIVMZIH JVSQ XLI QIERMRK SV GSRRSXEXMSR SJ MXW GSQTS RIRXWr 'LSYIOE -R XLI TETIV 1;)W VI JIV XS RSRGSQTSWMXMSREP PI\MGEP YRMXW MRGPYHMRK MHMSQW XIVQMRSPSKMIW ERH REQI IRXMXMIW %W .EGO IRHSJJ RSXIW XLI QEKRMXYHI SJ 1;)W MW JEV KVIEXIV XLER [LEX LEW XVEHMXMSREPP] FIIR VIEP M^IH [MXLMR PMRKYMWXMGW ,I IWXMQEXIW XLEX XLI RYQ FIV SJ 1;)W MR E WTIEOIVtW PI\MGSR MW SJ XLI WEQI SVHIV SJ QEKRMXYHI EW XLI RYQFIV SJ WMRKPI [SVHW -R ;SVH2IX *IPPFEYQ TIVGIRX SJ XLI IRXVMIW EVI QYPXM[SVHW 7SQI WTIGMEPM^IH HSQEMR ZSGEFYPEV] WYGL EW XIVQMRSPSK] SZIV [LIPQMRKP] GSRWMWXW SJ 1;)W %YXSQEXMG I\ XVEGXMSR SJ 1;)W MW MRHMWTIRWEFPI XS QER] XEWOW WYGL EW QEGLMRI XVERWPEXMSR REQI IRXMX] I\XVEG

XMSR MRJSVQEXMSR VIXVMIZEP ERH UYIWXMSR ERW[IV MRK

(YI XS XLIMV RSRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] QER] 1;)W GERRSX FI HMVIGXP] MHIRXMwIH YWMRK KVEQ QEXMGEP VYPIW [LMGL TSWIW E QENSV GLEPPIRKI XS EYXSQEXMG EREP]WMW 1SVISZIV I\MWXMRK VIWSYVGIW PMOI HMGXMSREVMIW GER RIZIV LEZI EHIUYEXI ERH XMQIP] GSZIVEKI 8LIVIJSVI TISTPI XYVR XS WXEXMWXM GEP QIXLSH XS GLEVEGXIVM^I 1;)W

7MRGI 'LYVGL ERH ,EROW TVSTSWIH 4SMRX[MWI 1YXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR 41- E ZEVMIX] SJ QIEWYVIW WYGL EW 0SKPMOIPMLSSH 7]QQIXVMGEP 'SRHMXMSREP 4VSFEFMPMX] 7'4 ERH 1YXYEP )\TIG XEXMSR (MEW IX EP LEZI FIIR MRXVSHYGIH XS QIEWYVI [SVH EWWSGMEXMSR 8LIMV FEWMG MHIEW EVI ZIV] WMQMPEV XLI [LSPI KVEQ MW WITEVEXIH MRXS X[S TEVXW ERH XLI EWWSGMEXMSR MW HIXIVQMRIH F] XLI NSMRX TVSFEFMPMX] ERH XLI TVSFEFMPMX] SJ IEGL TEVX 4IGMRE GSQTEVIH FMKVEQ EWWSGMEXMSR QIEWYVIW ERH JSYRH 41- LEW XLI FIWX TIVJSVQERGI MR '^IGL HEXE ;LIR ETTP]MRK XLIWI QIEWYVIW XS XLI KVEQW JSV MX MW RSX GPIEV LS[ GER XLI EWWSGMEXMSR FIX[IIR XLI HIPMFIVEXIP] WITEVEXIH X[S TEVXW VITVIWIRX XLI RSRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] SJ XLI [LSPI KVEQ (MJJIVIRX TSPMGMIW LEZI FIIR WXYHMIH XS I\XIRH XLIWI QIEWYVIW MRXS EVFMXVEV] KVEQW 7MPZE ERH 0STIW 7GLSRI ERH .YVEJ WO] (MEW IX EP -W XLIVI E JYRHE QIRXEP PIWW EVFMXVEV] ERH KIRIVEP ETTVSEGL XS XLMW TVSFPIQ# 8LEX MW

'ER [I EGXYEPP] HIVMZI E 1;) QIXVMG JSV KVEQW JVSQ XLI wVWX TVMRGMTPIW MRWXIEH SJ QEOMRK E WIIQMRKP] WIRWMFPI FYX VIEPP] EVFM XVEV] TVSTSWEP#

QIEWYVIW JSV KIRIVEP 1;)W#

8LMW TETIV [MPP ERW[IV EFSZI UYIWXMSRW TSWM XMZIP] ;I HIVMZI ER STXMQEP HMWXERGI QIXVMG 1YP XM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR (MWXERGI 1)( 1)( HIwRIW XLI WIQERXMG JYRGXMSR JSV KVEQW ERH XLI MRJSV QEXMSR HMWXERGI &IRRIXX IX EP JVSQ XLI KVEQW XS XLIMV WIQERXMGW 9RPMOI TVIZMSYW QIXL SHW MX IRWYVIW XLI GSLIWMSR SJ XLI KVEQ HMVIGXP] LIRGI ETTPMGEFPI XS 1;)W SJ ER] PIRKXL

8LI 1)( MW REXYVEPP] KIRIVEPM^IH XS MXW GSR HMXMSREP ZIVWMSR 8LI I\XIRWMSR MW FEWIH SR XLI SFWIVZEXMSR XLEX QER] 1;)W EVI HSQEMR HITIR HIRX -X MW XVYI XLEX WSQI 1;)W EVI SRP] YWIH MR GIVXEMR HSQEMRW FYX XLI] EVI HSQEMR JVII *SV I\EQTPI [I ORS[ XLEX qTSP]QIVEWI GLEMR VIEG XMSRr MW WSQI WSVX SJ XIVQMRSPSK] IZIR MJ QER] SJ YW HS RSX ORS[ [LEX MX MW I\EGXP] ,S[IZIV XLEX MW RSX EP[E]W XLI GEWI *SV XLSWI [LS HS RSX [EXGL QSZMIW XLI WIRXIRGI qGEXGL QI MJ ]SY GERr [MPP TVSFEFP] FI XEOIR EW E RSR1;) MRWXIEH SJ E QSZMI REQI 8LI RSRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] SJ XLMW WIRXIRGI ETTIEVW SRP] MR XLI QSZMIW HSQEMR 8LI I\TIVMQIRXEP VIWYPXW WLS[ XLEX KMZIR ETTVSTVMEXI TLVEWIW EW GSRHMXMSRW XLI GSRHMXMSREP 1)( TIV JSVQW FIXXIV XLER 1)(

;I EPWS MRZIWXMKEXI XLI IJwGEG] SJ 1)( SR TSWXTVSGIWWMRK SJ 5YIWXMSR %RW[IVMRK 5% ERH GSQTPI\ REQIH IRXMX] I\XVEGXMSR 8LI I\TIVMQIR XEP VIWYPXW WLS[ XLEX SYV QIXLSH SYXTIVJSVQW WXEXI SJ EVX QIXLSHW >LERK IX EP (S[RI] IX EP MR XLIWI X[S ETTPMGEXMSRW 1SVISZIV 1)( MW E TYVI WXEXMWXMGEP QIXVMG [LMGL GER FI IEW MP] GSQFMRIH [MXL SXLIV QIXLSHW

8LI VIQEMRHIV SJ XLMW TETIV MW SVKERM^IH EW JSP PS[W -R XLI RI\X WIGXMSR [I VIZMI[ XLI VIPEXIH [SVO SR 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR ERH MRJSVQEXMSR HMWXERGI 7IGXMSR KMZIW E TVIPMQMREV] MRXVSHYG XMSR XS /SPSQSKSVSZGSQTPI\MX] ERH MRJSVQEXMSR HMWXERGI 7IGXMSR TVSTSWIW XLI JSVQEP HIwRMXMSR SJ 1)( -R 7IGXMSR [I HMWGYWW XLI HMJJIVIRGI FIX[IIR 1)( ERH 4SMRX[MWI 1YXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR ;I ETTP] 1)( XS 5% TSWXTVSGIWWMRK ERH GSQ TPI\ REQIH IRXMX] I\XVEGXMSR MR 7IGXMSR ERH IZEP YEXI XLIMV TIVJSVQERGI MR 7IGXMSR -R XLI PEWX WIGXMSR [I GSRGPYHI XLMW [SVO

6IPEXIH ;SVO

6IWIEVGLIVW LEZI I\TPSVIH ZEVMSYW XIGLRMUYIW JSV MHIRXMJ]MRK 1;)W 8LIWI ETTVSEGLIW GSYPH FI FVSEHP] GPEWWMwIH MRXS XLVII X]TIW PMRKYMWXMG QIXLSHW WIUYIRXMEP XEKKMRK FEWIH QIXLSHW ERH WXEXMWXMGEP QIXLSHW

8LI QSWXP] YWIH PMRKYMWXMG MRJSVQEXMSR JSV 1;) I\XVEGXMSR MW [SVHWt 4EVX3J7TIIGL XEKW .YWXIWSR ERH /EX^ I\XVEGXIH XIGLRMGEP XIV QMRSPSKMIW JVSQ HSGYQIRXW YWMRK E VIKYPEV I\ TVIWWMSR SR 437XEKW SJ E [SVH WIUYIRGI XS KIXLIV [MXL WSQI JVIUYIRG] GSRWXVEMRXW %VKE QSR IX EP WITEVEXIH XLI 437 WIUYIRGI SJ E QYPXM[SVH MRXS WQEPP 437 XMPIW GSYRXIH XMPI JVI UYIRG] MR XLI 1;) ERH RSR1;) XVEMRMRK WIXW ERH MHIRXMJ] RI[ 1;)W F] XLIWI GSYRXW %P XLSYKL PMRKYMWXMG QIXLSHW TIVJSVQ [IPP MR XIVQ I\XVEGXMSR SR WTIGMwG HSQEMRW MX GERRSX FI KIR IVEPM^IH XS MHIRXMJ] EVFMXVEV] 1;)W

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

XLI RSRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] JSV EVFMXVEV] KVEQW TSPMGMIW [IVI XEOIR XS WITEVEXI KVEQ MRXS X[S TEVXW < ERH = WS XLEX MX GER FI QIEWYVIH F] I\MWXMRK FMKVEQ QIXLSHW WYGL EW 41- 7MPZE ERH 0STIW ERH (MEW IX EP GEPGY PEXIH XLI EVMXLQIXMG EZIVEKI SJ IZIV] TSWWMFPI WIT EVEXMSR 7GLSRI ERH .YVEJWO] HIwRI <

ERH = XS FI XLI [SVH WIUYIRGIW ERH

[LIVI MW GLSWIR XS QE\MQM^I 6IGIRXP] >LERK IX EP TVSTSWIH )RLERGIH 1YXYEP -RJSVQEXMSR )1- [LMGL QIE WYVIH XLI GSLIWMSR SJ KVEQ F] XLI JVIUYIRG] SJ MXWIPJ ERH XLI JVIUYIRG] SJ IEGL [SVH

8LI MRJSVQEXMSR HMWXERGI MW E YRMZIVWEP HMWXERGI QIEWYVI FIX[IIR X[S MRJSVQEXMSR GEVV]MRK IRXM XMIW &IRRIXX IX EP 0M IX EP 0M IX EP 8LI ETTPMGEXMSRW SJ MRJSVQEXMSR HMW XERGI YWMRK GSQTVIWWMSR [IVI wVWX MRXVSHYGIH MR 0M IX EP ERH XLIR MR &IRRIXX IX EP 'LIR IX EP 8LI I\TIVMQIRXEP VIWYPXW MR /ISKL IX EP WLS[IH XLEX MRJSVQEXMSR HMW XERGIGSQTVIWWMSR FEWIH QIXLSH [EW WYTIVMSV XS TEVEQIXIVPEHIR QIXLSHW JVSQ WIZIR QENSV HEXE QMRMRK GSRJIVIRGIW SR XLIMV FIRGLQEVO HEXE 8LI [IFFEWIH ETTVS\MQEXMSR SJ MRJSVQEXMSR HMW XERGI [EW MRXVSHYGIH F] 'MPMFVEWM ERH :MX R]M XS QIEWYVI XLI WIQERXMG WMQMPEVMX] SJ X[S [SVHW SV GSRGITXW

4VIPMQMREVMIW

/SPQSKSVSZ 'SQTPI\MX]

/SPQSKSVSZGSQTPI\MX] HIwRIW VERHSQRIWW SJ ER MRHMZMHYEP WXVMRK *M\ E YRMZIVWEP 8YVMRK QE GLMRI XLI /SPQSKSVSZ GSQTPI\MX] SJ E FM REV] WXVMRK GSRHMXMSR XS ERSXLIV FMREV] WXVMRK

MW HIwRIH EW XLI PIRKXL SJ XLI WLSVXIWX TVIw\JVII TVSKVEQ JSV XLEX SYXTYXW [MXL MR TYX -X GER FI WLS[R XLEX JSV E HMJJIVIRX YRMZIVWEP 8YVMRK QEGLMRI JSV EPP

[LIVI XLI GSRWXERX HITIRHW SRP] SR 8LYW

[I GER WMQTP] [VMXI EW ERH

EW [LIVI MW XLI IQTX] WXVMRK

-RJSVQEXMSR (MWXERGI

&IX[IIR ER] X[S MRJSVQEXMSR GEVV]MRK IRXMXMIW MW XLIVI ER SFNIGXMZI HMWXERGI XLEX MW ETTPMGEXMSR MRHITIRHIRX ERH YRMUYI WMQMPEV XS XLI GSRGITX SJ HMWXERGI MR XLI TL]WMGEP [SVPH# *VSQ E GSQ QSRP] EGGITXIH TL]WMGEP TVMRGMTPI SJ ZSR 2IY QERR ERH 0ERHEYIV XLEX MVVIZIVWMFP] TVSGIWWMRK SRI FMX SJ MRJSVQEXMSR GSWXW /8 SJ IRIVK] &IR RIXX IX EP HIVMZIH I\EGXP] WYGL E HMWXERGI XLI -RJSVQEXMSR (MWXERGI -RJSVQEXMSR (MWXERGI FIX[IIR X[S SFNIGXW ERH MW XLI IR IVK] XS GSRZIVX FIX[IIR ERH &IRRIXX IX EP TVSZIH

8LISVIQ 9T XS ER EHHMXMZI PSKEVMXLQMG XIVQ

8LYW XLI QE\ HMWXERGI [EW HIwRIH FIPS[ &IRRIXX IX EP

[EW WLS[R XS WEXMWJ] HMWXERGI VIUYMVIQIRXW WYGL EW TSWMXMZMX] W]QQIXVMGMX] ERH XVMERKPI MR IUYEPMX] &IRRIXX IX EP -X [EW JYVXLIV WLS[R XLEX MW STXMQEP MR XLI WIRWI XLEX MX MW YRMZIVWEP 8LEX MW MX QMRSVM^IW YT XS GSRWXERX JEGXSVW EPP SXLIV RSRXVMZMEP ERH GSQTYXEFPI HMW XERGIW 1SVI TVIGMWIP] E HMWXERGI(MW EHQMWWMFPI MJ

8LYW [I I\GPYHI XVMZMEP HMWXERGIW WYGL EW JSV EPP -X [EW TVSZIH MR &IRRIXX IX EP XLEX JSV ER] EHQMWWMFPI GSQTYXEFPI HMWXERGI( XLIVI MW E GSRWXERXG JSV EPP\]

-R SXLIV [SVHW MJ ER] WYGL HMWXERGI HMWGSZIVW WSQI WMQMPEVMX] FIX[IIR ERH WS [MPP

-R SVHIV XS HIEP [MXL XLI MRJSVQEXMSR GEVV]MRK SFNIGXW SJ HMJJIVIRX WM^IW XLI RSVQEPM^IH MRJSVQE XMSR HMWXERGI [EW TVSTSWIH MR 0M IX EP -R 0M IX EP XLI RSVQEPM^IH QE\ HMWXERGI [EW HIwRIH EW

% 2I[ 1IXVMG JSV 1;)

;LIR ETTP]MRK XLI -RJSVQEXMSR (MWXERGI XS MHIR XMJ]MRK 1;)W LS[ XS IRGSHI KVEQW ERH XLIMV WIQERXMGW MW XLI wVWX XLMRK XS FI GSRWMHIVIH -X MW MRETTVSTVMEXI XS IRGSHI 1;)W PMXIVEPP] *SV I\ EQTPI [LIR VIJIVVMRK XS qOMGO XLI FYGOIXr XLI XLVII [SVHW qOMGOr qXLIr ERH qFYGOIXr GERRSX VITVIWIRX EPP XLI WIQERXMGW EFSYX XLMW I\TVIWWMSR

-RWTMVIH F] 'MPMFVEWM ERH :MX R]M [I HI wRIGSRXI\XSJ ER KVEQ EW XLI WIX SJ EPP XLI [IF TEKIW GSRXEMRMRK MX %PWSWIQERXMGSJ ER KVEQ MW HIwRIH EW XLI WIX SJ EPP XLI [IF TEKIW GSRXEMR MRK EPP XLI [SVHW ETTIEVIH MR XLEX KVEQ *SV I\EQTPI XLI WIQERXMG SJ q97 TVIWMHIRXr MRGPYH MRK RSX SRP] XLI TEKIW GSRXEMRMRK MXWIPJ FYX EPWS XLSWI GSRXEMRMRK qXLI TVIWMHIRX SJ 97r SV qTVIWM HIRX 3FEQE WE]W XLEX 97 KSZIVRQIRXr

1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR (MWXERGI

0IX YW HIRSXI XLI ZSGEFYPEV] WIX F] ERH XLI WIX SJ [IF TEKIW F] 8LI GEVHMREPMX] SJ MW HI

RSXIH F] ! (IwRI EW XLI WIX SJ

KVEQW % WIEVGL XIVQ MW HIwRIH EW ER KVEQ SV XLI GSRNYRGXMSR SJ WIEVGL XIVQW (IRSXI EW XLI WIX SJ WIEVGL XIVQW ERH [I LEZI 0IX FI XLIGSRXI\XJYRGXMSR QETTMRK IEGL WIEVGL XIVQ XS XLI [IF WIX [LMGL MRGPYHIW ERH SRP] MRGPYHIW EPP XLI [IF TEKIW GSRXEMRMRK EPP XLI

KVEQW MR 0IX FI XLI JYRGXMSR QET

TMRK IEGL KVEQ XS XLI

GSRNYRGXMSR SJ XLI [SVHW MR MX *MREPP] [I HIwRI XLIWIQERXMGJYRGXMSR EW XLI GSQTSW MXI JYRGXMSR -X MW SFZMSYW XLEX JSV ER] KVEQ

[I LEZ I +MZIR ER KVEQ [I

[MPP IRGSHI ERH ERH GEPGYPEXI XLI HMW XERGI FIX[IIR XLIQ

;LMPI MW RSX GSQTYXEFPI E WMQTPI LIYVMW XMG RSXMGIH F] 'MPMFVEWM ERH :MX R]M MW XS YWI 7LERRSR*ERS GSHI XS IRGSHI XLI TVSFEFMPMX] ETTVS\MQEXIH F] MXW MRXIVRIX JVIUYIRG] SJ %W WYQI XLEX EPP [IF TEKIW EVI IUYMTVSFEFPI [MXL XLI TVSFEFMPMX] SJ FIMRK VIXYVRIH F] WIEVGL IRKMRI FI

MRK 0IX FI XLIGSRXI\XTVSF

EFMPMX] JYRGXMSR MR [LMGL

7MRGI IEGL GSRXI\X MW E WIX SJ [IFTEKIW XLI TVSFEFMPMX] SJ GSRXI\X MW HIwRIH EW

[LIVI IRWYVIW MW E ZEPMH TVSF

EFMPMX] JYRGXMSR 8LI 7LERRSR*ERS GSHI 0M ERH :MX R]M PIRKXL EWWSGMEXIH [MXL GER XLIR FI VIKEVHIH EW ER ETTVS\MQEXMSR SJ

%GGSVHMRK XS ERH 8LISVIQ GER FI

ETTVS\MQEXIH EW JSPPS[W

7MQMPEVP] [I LEZI

7MRGI XLI 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR

(MWXERGI SJ ER KVEQ GER FI HIwRIH EW JSP PS[W

+MZIR E WIEVGL XIVQ EW GSRHMXMSR XLI 'SRHM XMSREP 1YPXM[SVH )\TVIWWMSR (MWXERGI SJ ER KVEQ MW HIwRIH EW JSPPS[W

&EWIH RSVQEPM^IH MRJSVQEXMSR HMWXERGI 21)( ERH MXW GSRHMXMSREP ZIVWMSR GER FI HIVMZIH EW JSPPS[W

;LIVI GER FI IWXMQEXIH JVSQ XLI WM^I SJ MR XIVRIX F] WSQI GSQFMREXSVMEP QIXLSHW

8S MQTPIQIRX 1)( F] E KIRIVEP WIEVGL IRKMRI [I EWWYQI XS FI XLI WIX SJ MRHI\IH [IFTEKIW

8LYW ERH GER FI ETTVS\MQEXIH F]

6IPEXMSR [MXL 4SMRX[MWI 1YXYEP

-RJSVQEXMSR

;LIR [I HIRSXI XLI TVSFEFMPMX]

SJ E [IF TEKI GSRXEMRMRK FMKVEQ ERH XLI TVSFEFMPMX] SJ E [IF TEKI GSR XEMRMRK ERH %WWYQMRK XLI SGGYVVIRGI SJ

ERH EVI MRHITIRHIRX [I LEZI

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wIH [SVHW HMVIGXP] [MXLSYX QEOMRK MRHITIRHIRX EWWYQTXMSR XS SZIVGSQI HEXE WTEVWIRIWW

%TTPMGEXMSRW

1;) JSV 5% 7]WXIQW

7SQI X]TIW SJ UYIWXMSRW VIUYMVI E 5% W]WXIQ XS VIXYVR TLVEWIW EW XLI ERW[IVW MRWXIEH SJ WIRXIRGIW WYGL EW *EGXSMH ERH 0MWX +MZIR E UYIWXMSR [I RIIH XS KIRIVEXI UYIVMIW SFXEMR VIPIZERX TEKIW JVSQ XLI MRXIVRIX I\XVEGX XLI GERHMHEXI KVEQW JVSQ VIPIZERX TEKIW ERH wREPP] VERO EPP XLI GERHM HEXIW F] XLIMV PMOIPMLSSH SJ FIMRK ER ERW[IV

7SQI TVIZMSYW [SVO I\TPSMXIH [IF VIHYRHERG] XS IWXMQEXI ERW[IV ZEPMHMX]1EKRMRM IX EP >LERK IX EP 2S VIWIEVGL XS SYV ORS[P IHKI LEW JSGYWIH SR GLIGOMRK XLI GSQTPIXIRIWW SJ GERHMHEXIW 1SWX SJ XI\XW SR XLI MRXIVRIX EVI MRJSVQEP IK XLI] GSRXEMR YRGETMXEPM^IH TVSTIV RSYRW ERH MRGSQTPIXI WIRXIRGI WXVYGXYVIW 4EVWIV ERH REQIH IRXMX] VIGSKRM^IVW XVEMRIH SR JSVQEP

GSVTYW EVI YRTVEGXMGEP SR VIGSKRM^I 24 GLYROW SV REQI IRXMXMIW SR XLI [IF

3FWIVZMRK XLEX IEGL GERHMHEXI MW KVEQ ERH GLIGOMRK XLI GSQTPIXIRIWW SJ E GERHMHEXI MW XS QIEWYVI MXW RSRGSQTSWMXMSREPMX] [I MRXVSHYGI E WMQTPI 1;)WFEWIH QIXLSH XS VERO EPP GERHM HEXIW F] XLIMV GSQTPIXIRIWW ERH QIVKI WMQMPEV ER W[IVW

+MZIR E UYIWXMSR ERH E PMWX SJ GERHMHEXI ER W[IVW

)\XVEGX TVSTIV RSYRW JVSQ XLI UYIWXMSR EW GSRHMXMSRW

'EPGYPEXI XLI GSRHMXMSREP 1)( SV 1)( MJ RS TVSTIV RSYR MW JSYRH MR UYIWXMSR JSV IEGL GERHMHEXI 8LIR JSV IEGL TEMV SJ PMXIVEPP] WMQ MPEV GERHMHEXIW XLI SRI [MXL PEVKIV 1)( HMW XERGI MW VIQSZIH

6ERO XLI VIWX GERHMHEXIW F] GSRHMXMSREP 1)(

8LMW QIXLSH MW GEWI MRWIRWMXMZI ERH HS RSX VIP] SR GSRXI\X MRJSVQEXMSR %PP SJ XLI WXEXMWXMGW EVI TIVJSVQIH SR XLI MRXIVRIX XLYW RS PSGEP GSVTYW MW RIIHIH

'SQTPI\ 2EQIH )RXMX] )\XVEGXMSR

-R QER] TVIZMSYW [SVO 1G'EPPYQ ERH 0M *MROIP IX EP REQIH IRXMX] I\XVEGXMSR MW GSQFMRIH [MXL GPEWWMwGEXMSR [LMGL MW ORS[R EW 2EQI )RXMX] 6IGSKRMXMSR 2)6 1SWX SJ XLIWI 2)6 XIGLRMUYI EVI FEWIH SR WIUYIRXMEP XEKKMRK QSHIPW ERH YRWYMXEFPI XS XLI XEWO SJ PSGEXMRK GSQ TPI\ REQIH IRXMXMIW MR ;IF XI\X -R (S[RI] IX EP XLI EYXLSV XVIEXIH REQIH IRXMX] EW E X]TI SJ 1;) ERH TVSTSWIH XLI EPKSVMXLQ 0)< XS PS GEXI GSQTPI\ REQIH IRXMXMIW

-RWTMVIH F] (S[RI]tW [SVO [I TVSTSWI E GSRHMXMSREP 1)( FEWIH EPKSVMXLQ 1;) XS I\XVEGX REQIH IRXMXMIW +MZIR E WIRXIRGI ERH TEVEQIXIVW ERH 1;) TVSGIIHW EW JSPPS[W

-RMXMEPM^I E WIUYIRGI SJ REQIW

9RXMP HSIW RSX GLERKI HYVMRK PEWX MXIVEXMSR E 'LSSWI XLI QIVKIEFPI TEMV SJ REQIW [MXL QMRMQYQ GSRHMXMSREP 1)(

F 6ITPEGI ERH [MXL XLI

WMRKPI REQI [LIVI

MW XLI YRGETMXEPM^IH [SVHW FIX[IIR ERH

*SV IZIV] REQIW MR

E 'LIGO GSQQSR TVIw\ ERH TYRGXYEXMSR EX FSYRHEV] SJ ZME PSGEP GSVTYW

F 'LIGO RYQFIV EX FSYRHEV] SJ ZME MR XIVRIX

-R 1;) ;I HIwRI X[S XLVIWLSPHW ERH XS IWXMQEXI XLI REQI IRXMX] GSRwHIRGI SJ E KMZIR

KVEQ -J MW PS[IV XLER FIX[IIR

ERH SV LMKLIV XLER [MPP FI (IJ

MRMXIP] 4VSFEFP] SV -QTSWWMFPI 8LI GSR wHIRGI SJ EPP MRMXMEPM^IH GETMXEPM^IH [SVHW [MPP FI WIX XS -J ER KVEQ GSRXEMR YRQEXGLIH FVEGO IXW SV UYSXEXMSR QEVOW MXW GSRwHIRGI [MPP FI WIX XS %PWS 8LI GSRwHIRGI SJ KVEQ GSRXEMR MRK GSQQE [MPP FI VIHYGIH F] ;I WE] E TEMV SJ REQIW MW QIVKIEFPI MJ ERH SRP] MJ %JXIV MXIVEXMSR [I [MPP GLIGO GSQQSR TVIw\IW TYRGXYEXMSRW ERH RYQFIVW EX FSYRHEV] SJ IEGL REQIW -J E REQI MW MQQIHMEXIP] TVIGIHIH F]

E WMRKPI RYQFIV ERH [I VITPEGI

F] 7MQMPEVP] E RYQFIV MQQIHMEXIP] JSP

PS[MRK MW ETTIRHIH XS [LIR

(YI XS XLI PMQMXEXMSR SJ WIEVGL IRKMRI TYRGXY EXMSR GLIGO ERH GSQQSR TVIw\ GLIGO QSHYPIW EVI TIVJSVQIH SR PSGEP GSVTYW NYWX XLI WEQI EW 0)<

)\TIVMQIRXW ERH %REP]WMW

-R XLMW WIGXMSR [I IZEPYEXI LS[ [IPP GER 1)( WITEVEXI RSRGSQTSWMXMSREP TLVEWIW MHMSQW JVSQ GSQTSWMXMSREP SRIW *MVWX [I IZEPYEXI 1)( ERH SXLIV JSYV QIXVMGW SR )RKPMWL :4' HEXE TYFPMWLIH SR XLI 1;) WLEVIH XEWO 8LI HEXE WIX GSR XEMRW ZIVFRSYR FMKVEQW ERH TIVGIRX SJ XLIQ EVI ERRSXEXIH EW MHMSQEXMG 8LI EZIVEKI TVIGMWMSR SJ 1)( 41- 7'4 XWGSVI ERH

)1->LERK IX EP EVI ERH 8LI VIWYPX WLS[W XLEX 1)( MW RSX HMW XMRKYMWLIH SR FMKVEQW XIWX -X MW TEVXP] FIGEYWI QSWX MHMSQEXMG ZIVFRSYR GSPPSGEXMSRW EVI SJXIR YWIH RSRMHMSQEXMGEPP] 8LIMV GSQTSWMXMSREPMX] EVI RSX RIGIWWEVMP] PS[IV XLER RSRMHMSQEXMG SRIW ;I EPWS IZEPYEXI HMJJIVIRX QIXVMGW SR KVEQW SJ ZEVMIH PIRKXLW 7MRGI EPP TYFPMWLIH 1;) HEXE WIXW [I wRH SRP] GSRXEMR FMKVEQW [I GSRWXVYGX SYV XIWX WIX EW JSPPS[W ;I wVWX GSPPIGXIH GSQ QSR MHMSQW JVSQ XLI PMWXW SJ IRKPMWL MHMSQW SR ;MOMTIHME 8S KIX IRSYKL GSQQSR FYX RSX MH MSQEXMG TLVEWIW [I GSPPIGX GSQQSR GSQTSWM XMSREP TLVEWIW JVSQ 9WMRK)RKPMWLGSQ IRKPMWLW TIEOGSQ ;MOMTIHME ERH 'LMRE (EMP] &&7 7MRGI MX MW HMJwGYPX JSV RSRREXMZI WTIEOIVW XS TMGO YT MHMSQW JVSQ RSRMHMSQEXMG SRIW [I HS RSX QER YEPP] GLIGO EPP GSQTSWMXMSREP TLVEWIW 8LI XIWX WIX GSRXEMRW MHMSQW ERH GSQTSWMXMSREP TLVEWIW 8LI KVEQ JVIUYIRGMIW EVI RSX WMK RMwGERXP] HMJJIVIRX FIX[IIR MHMSQW ERH GSQTS WMXMSREP TLVEWIW 8LI QIER ERH WXERHEVH HIZM

EXMSR EVI ERH SR MHMSQW

ERH ERH SR GSQTSWMXMSREP

TLVEWIW ;I IQTPS] HMJJIVIRX QIEWYVIW XS VERO EPP XLI TLVEWIW 2SRGSRHMXMSREP 1)( ERH 21)( EVI GSQTEVIH [MXL %:+ 7'4 7MPZE ERH 0STIW 1%< 41- 7GLSRI ERH .YVEJWO] )1- >LERK IX EP ERH XLI FEWIPMRI KVEQ JVIUYIRG] 8WGSVI MW RSX YRHIV IZEPYEXMSR FIGEYWI [I HS RSX wRH WSYRH KVEQ I\XIRWMSR JSV MX 8LI TVIGMWMSRVIGEPP GYVZI MW WLS[R MR *MK 7MRGI XLI TIVJSVQERGI SJ 1)( ERH 21)( EVI ZIV]

JEMV] XEPI

WGMIRGI wGXMSR

EGXMSR QSZMI

ERMQEXMSR

LSVVSV QSZMI

HSGYQIRXEV]

LMT LST

NE^^

VSGOVSPP

GSQTER]

WSGGIV TPE]IV

RSZIPMWXW

47 KEQI

SZIVEPP

8EFPI 4IVJSVQERGI SJ HMJJIVIRX QIEWYVIW MR IEGL PMWX

GPSWI 21)( MW RSX HMWTPE]IH JSV GPEVMX] *VSQ XLI VIWYPX [I GER WII XLEX 1)( TIVJSVQW WYFWXER XMEPP] FIXXIV XLER EPP XLI SXLIV QIEWYVIW %ZIVEKI TVIGMWMSREZT SJ XLI XST QIEWYVIW 1)( )1-ERH %:+ 7'4 EVI )1-ERH

5% 4SWXTVSGIWWMRK

-X MW HMJw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

8LI XIWX WIX GER FI HMZMHIH MRXS WM\ GSQQSR GEX IKSVMIW QSZMI FSSO QYWMG TIVWSR SVKERM^EXMSR ERH ZMHIS KEQI )EGL GEXIKSV] GSRXEMRW SRI XS JSYV PMWXW 8LI XIWX WIX GSRXEMRW WEQTPIW MR XSXEP 7XMPP [I IQTPS] XLI QIEWYVIW MR TVIZMSYW

I\TIVMQIRXW XS VERO EPP XLI GERHMHEXIW XS WII MJ XLI GSQTPIXI REQIW GER FI WITEVEXIH JVSQ XLI MRGSQ TPIXI REQIW 8LI VIWYPXW EVI PMWXIH MR 8EFPI 8LI SZIVEPP EZT MW XLI EZIVEKI SJ XLI EZT SJ IEGL PMWXW [IMKLXIH F] XLIMV WM^I

-X MW WLS[R XLEX XLI TIVJSVQERGI SJ GSRHMXMSREP 1)( MW XLI FIWX SZIV EPP QIXVMGW JSPPS[IH F] 1)( 8LI VIEWSR [L] )1- ERH %:+ 7'4 KIX FIWX VIWYPXW SR WSGGIV TPE]IV ERH RSZIPMWXW MW XLEX XLI] XEOI QSVI EHZERXEKI SJ JVIUYIRG] 7MRGI XLI PIRKXL SJ TISTPItW REQI EVI WLSVX XS [SVHW QSWX SJ RIKEXMZI WEQTPIW EVI GVIEXIH F] EHHMRK [SVHW [LMGL QEOIW JVIUYIRG] MQTSVXERX

'SQTPI\ 2EQIH )RXMX] )\XVEGXMSR

+EQFPIr ERH q+SRI [MXL XLI ;MRHr

8LI GSRHMXMSREP 1)( QIXVMG MR XLMW I\TIVMQIRX MW VIHIwRIH EW JSPPS[W

[LIVI ! q-1(&rq%QE^SRrqGSVTSVEXMSRr q-1(&r MW YWIH EW XLI GSRHMXMSR SJ %GXSV ERH *MPQ[LMPI q%QE^SRr ERH qGSVTSVEXMSRr EVI GLS WIR XS FI XLI GSRHMXMSR SJ &SSOERH'SQTER] ;I GSQTYXI XLI GSRHMXMSREP 1)( JSV EPP IRXMXMIW SR XVEMRMRK WIX MW WIX XS XLI QIHMER ERH MW WIX XS XLI ZEPYI PEVKIV XLER IRXMXMIW SR XVEMRMRK WIX MW WIX XS 1;) MW TIVJSVQIH SR XLI HMJwGYPX GEWIW 8LI VIWYPXW WLS[R MR 8EFPI GSRZMRGMRKP] WLS[ XLEX 1;) WMKRMwGERXP] SYXTIVJSVQW 0)< WYTIVZMWIH QSHIPW 7:1'11 '6* ERH VYPIFEWIH QSHIP 1%2 SR MHIRXMJ]MRK GSQTPI\ REQIH IRXMXMIW 'SQTEVIH XS 0)< 1;) MW RSX SRP] QSVI EGGYVEXI FYX EPWS QSVI xI\MFPI 0)< VIPMIW SR PSGEP GSVTYW [LMPI 1;) HSIW RSX ;LIR VIGSKRM^MRK RI[ IRXMXMIW [I NYWX RIIH XS wRH ETTVSTVMEXI GSRHMXMSR [SVHW MRWXIEH SJ TVITEVMRK RI[ GSVTYW *SV XLI WEOI SJ GSQTPIXIRIWW XLI *WGSVI SJ 1;) SR IEW] GEWIW MW [LMGL MW PS[IV XLER EPP XLI SXLIV QIXLSHW ,S[IZIV XLMW MW MVVIPIZERX WMRGI XLMW TEVX GER FI QEHI UYMXI EGGYVEXI F] WTIGMEPM^IH HEXEFEWIW ERH XVEMRMRK F] ER] ORS[R QIXLSHW

%PP XIWX HEXE MR XLMW TETIV GER FI HS[RPSEHIH JVSQ LXXTHS[RPSEH

'SRGPYWMSR

;I LEZI HIVMZIH ER 1;) QIXVMG 1)( JVSQ XLI wVWX TVMRGMTPIW ZME -RJSVQEXMSR (MWXERGI 8LI RI[ QIXVMG QIEWYVIW XLI HMWXERGI JVSQ ER KVEQ XS MXW WIQERXMGW -X MW TVSZEFP] STXMQEP YRMZIVWEP

6IGEPP 4VIGMWMSR

1%2

'6*

7:1'11

0)<

1;)

8EFPI 2EQIH IRXMX] I\XVEGXMSR SR HMJwGYPX GEWIW

SZIVGSQIW WIZIVEP HIwGMIRGMIW SJ TVIZMSYW ET TVSEGLIW ERH GSRZMRGMRKP] SYXTIVJSVQW XLI SXLIV QIXLSHW

%PWS [I LEZI XEOIR EHZERXEKI SJ XLI JEGX XLEX WSQI 1;)W EVI HSQEMR HITIRHIRX 8LMW JIE XYVI MW MQTSVXERX [LIR VIGSKRM^MRK REQIH IRXMXMIW ERH XIVQMRSPSKMIW 8LI GSRHMXMSREP 1)( MW FIXXIV XLER 1)( [LIR [I ORS[ [LEX [I EVI PSSOMRK JSV 7MRGI 1)( MW UYMXI HMJJIVIRX JVSQ TVIZMSYW QIEWYVIW MX GER FI GSQFMRIH [MXL SXLIVW F] QE GLMRI PIEVRMRK ETTVSEGLIW ERH IRLERGI XLI SZIVEPP TIVJSVQERGI *YVXLIV I\TIVMQIRXW EVI RIIHIH

%GORS[PIHKQIRX

8LMW [SVO [EW WYTTSVXIH QEMRP] F] 'EREHEtW -(6' 6IWIEVGL 'LEMV MR -RJSVQEXMSR 8IGLRSP SK] TVSKVEQ 4VSNIGX 2YQFIV -X MW EPWS WYTTSVXIH F] XLI 'LMRIWI 2EXYVEP 7GM IRGI *SYRHEXMSR KVERX 2S 27)6' +VERX 3+4 +VERX %%> JVSQ 'LMREtW 1MRMWXV] SJ 7GMIRGI ERH 8IGLRSPSK] 'EREHE 6IWIEVGL 'LEMV TVSKVEQ 1-8%'7 ER 27)6' 'SPPEFSVEXMZI +VERX ERH 3RXEVMStW 4VI QMIVtW (MWGSZIV] %[EVH

6IJIVIRGIW

7LPSQS %VKEQSR -HS (EKER ERH =YZEP /V]QSPS[WOM % QIQSV]FEWIH ETTVSEGL XS PIEVRMRK WLEP PS[ REXYVEP PERKYEKI TEXXIVRW -R TT

'LEVPIW , &IRRIXX 4IXIV + GW 1MRK 0M 4EYP 1& :MX R]M ERH ;SNGMIGL , >YVIO -RJSVQEXMSR

HMWXERGI TT

'LEVPIW , &IRRIXX 1MRK 0M ERH &MR 1E 'LEMR PIXXIVW ERH IZSPYXMSREV] LMWXSVMIW

JIEXYVI EVXMGPI

<MR 'LIR &VIRX *VERGME 1MRK 0M &VMER 1GOMRRSR %QMX 7IOIV 7LEVIH MRJSVQEXMSR ERH TVSKVEQ TPEKMEVMWQ HIXIGXMSR

=EEGSZ'LSYIOE 0SSOMRK JSV RIIHPIW MR E LE]WXEGO SV PSGEXMRK MRXIVIWXMRK GSPPSGEXMSR I\TVIW WMSRW MR PEVKI XI\XYEP HEXEFEWIW -R

TT

/IRRIXL ; 'LYVGL ERH 4EXVMGO ,EROW ;SVH EWWSGMEXMSR RSVQW QYXYEP MRJSVQEXMSR ERH PI\MGSK

VETL] :SP 2S

6YHM 0 'MPMFVEWM ERH 4EYP 1& :MX R]M 8LI +SSKPI WMQMPEVMX] HMWXERGI

TT .SEUYMQ * HE 7MPZE ERH +EFVMIP 4 0STIW % PS

GEP QE\MQE QIXLSH ERH E JEMV HMWTIVWMSR RSVQEPM^E XMSR JSV I\XVEGXMRK QYPXM[SVH YRMXW JVSQ GSVTSVE -R

TT

+E P (MEW 7]PZMI +YMPPSV ERH .SW +4 0STIW 1MRMRK XI\XYEP EWWSGMEXMSRW MR XI\X GSVTSVE -R

TT

8IH (YRRMRK %GGYVEXI QIXLSHW JSV XLI WXEXMWXMGW SJ WYVTVMWI ERH GSMRGMHIRGI

:SP 2S

(SYK (S[RI] 1EXXLI[ &VSEHLIEH ERH 3VIR )X^MSRM 0SGEXMRK GSQTPI\ REQIH IRXMXMIW MR [IF XI\X

-R TT

'LVMWXMRI *IPPFEYQ ;SVH2IX ER IPIGXVSRMG PI\ MGEP HEXEFEWI 1-8 4VIWW 'EQFVMKI 1%

.IRR] 6 *MROIP 8VSRH +VIREKIV ERH 'LVMWXSTLIV 1ERRMRK -RGSVTSVEXMRK RSRPSGEP MRJSVQE XMSR MRXS MRJSVQEXMSR I\XVEGXMSR W]WXIQW F] KMFFW

WEQTPMRK -R TT

6E] .EGOIRHSJJ 8LI EVGLMXIGXYVI SJ XLI PER KYEKI JEGYPX] 1-8 4VIWW 'EQFVMKI 1%

.SLR 7 .YWXIWSR ERH 7PEZE 1 /EX^ 8IGLRM GEP XIVQMRSPSK] 7SQI PMRKYMWXMG TVSTIVXMIW ERH ER EPKSVMXLQ JSV MRHIRXMwGEXMSR MR XI\X

)EQSRR . /ISKL 7XIJERS 0SREVHM ERH 'LSXMVEX % 6EXEREQELEXERE 8S[EVHW TEVEQIXIVJVII

HEXE QMRMRK -R TT

1MRK 0M .SREXLER , &EHKIV <MR 'LIR 7EQ /[SRK 4EYP /IEVRI] ERH ,ES]SRK >LERK %R MRJSVQEXMSRFEWIH WIUYIRGI HMWXERGI ERH MXW ETTPM GEXMSR XS [LSPI QMXSGLSRHVMEP KIRSQI TL]PSKIR]

1MRK 0M <MR 'LIR <MR 0M &MR 1E ERH 4EYP 1& :MX R]M 8LI WMQMPEVMX] QIXVMG

1MRK 0M ERH 4EYP 1& :MX R]M %R MRXVSHYG XMSR XS OSPQSKSVSZGSQTPI\MX] ERH MXW ETTPMGEXMSRW 7TVMRKIV:IVPEK 2I[ =SVO 8LMVH IHMXMSR %RHVI[ 1G'EPPYQ ERH ;IM 0M )EVP] VIWYPXW

JSV REQIH IRXMX] VIGSKRMXMSR [MXL GSRHMXMSREP VER HSQ wIPHW JIEXYVI MRHYGXMSR ERH [IFIRLERGIH PI\ MGSRW -R

TT

&IVREVHS 1EKRMRM 1EXXIS 2IKVM ERH ,VMWXS 8ERIZ -W MX XLI VMKLX ERW[IV# )\TPSMXMRK [IF VIHYR HERG] JSV ERW[IV ZEPMHEXMSR -R TT

4EZIP 4IGMRE %R I\XIRWMZI IQTMVMGEP WXYH] SJ GSPPSGEXMSR I\XVEGXMSR QIXLSHW -R

TT

4EXVMGO 7GLSRI ERH (ERMIP .YVEJWO] -W ORS[PIHKIJVII MRHYGXMSR SJ QYPXM[SVH YRMX HMGXMS REV] LIEH[SVHW E WSPZIH TVSFPIQ# -R

;IR >LERK 8EOIXSWLM =SWLMHE <MNMR 8ERK ERH 8Y &ES ,S -QTVSZMRK IJJIGXMZIRIWW SJ QYXYEP MRJSVQEXMSR JSV WYFWXERXMZEP QYPXM[SVH I\TVIWWMSR

I\XVEGXMSR :SP

YQI )PWIZMIV