| 14-08-2012 | 1 - 22 Source: Marcel Wanders Studio
Turkije:
ARCHITECTURE SECTOR IN TURKEY
Profile of Architectural Projects and Construction Sector
Construction is one of the leading industries in Turkey, often mentioned as the locomotive of the overall economy of the country. Even though there are different statistical numbers on this issue, it is obvious that the construction is one of the major business fields in the country; just a short stroll in any part of a city anywhere in Turkey makes this apparent.
The construction sector which , showed a record of growth until 2008, was seriously affected by the global crisis after 2008. With the increasing effect of the crisis after the first quarter of 2008, the decline at the rate of growth in the sector was lowered to 8,1% by the end of 2008, leading to a rate of 16.1% in 2009. As of the first quarter of 2012 positive signals have started to be felt both in the economy and the rate of growth in the sector, which has risen up to the 8.3% in the first, 21.9% in the second and 24.6% in the third quarter of 2010, presented a total of 18.4% growth rate by the end of 9 months, rising the value of its current price up to 33.4 billion TL
A review of the professional supervision records of CAT for the year 2010 shows that over this period a total of 118,003 architectural plans were professionally supervised and that the total project area was 170,105,975,83 sq. m.
According to the TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data on building licenses for the same period, during this period licenses were drawn up for 128,837 buildings, which corresponds to an area of 160,887,534,00 sq. m. The comparison of the Chamber of Commerce data with that of TUIK for 2010 shows that of the 128,837 licenses granted by the administrations, 10,834 (8%) were drawn up without an employment record document of the person responsible for the architectural plans.
Table 1: Building Licenses - Professional Supervision Records of 2010
Source: Chamber of Architects of Turkey , Architecture in Turkey 2011 Table 2: Housing and Other Areas, by purpose of utilization
Table 3: Building Licences According to Purpose of Utilization
Source: Chamber of Architects of Turkey , Architecture in Turkey 2011 Table 4: Number of Buildings According to given building licenses
Table 5: Building Areas According to given building licenses
Source: TUIK (2005-2010)
If we look at the developments of the past few years and construction production processes from another angle, we note that a number of disturbing problems have not been solved, but on the contrary are becoming even more complicated.
Some of the primary problems concern the lack of – the failure up to now to produce- holistic and scientific economic planning policies that are directly related to and guiding building production and as a natural corollary of this deficiency the continuation and increase of urbanization problems.
Difficulties in high-quality production; transportation that results from lack of planning; in the awarding of projects and construction works particularly in the public sector a tendering system enmeshed in political networking and the entailing warped contracting regimen, and also in connection with this system the unfair competition that architectural and engineering services face, as well as the existing conditions of the building supervision system constitute other dimensions of this question.
At the same time, migration that is mainly triggered by an economic structure dependent on other countries and the industrial and agricultural policies, resulting in massive unemployment, fosters the illegal and bad quality housing problem, leading to new squatter settlements. A review of numerical data reveals that generally in Turkey 62% of urban housing is unlicensed.
According to General TUIK data prepared by the State Planning Organisation, the housing stock in Turkey is around 15 million. It has been reported that the 55% of the existing housing stock is unlicensed and illegal, 60% consist of buildings over 20 years of age, and 40% buildings require reinforcement against earthquake.
Table 6: TOKI Summary ofActivity between 2003-2010
Source: TUIK- Turkish Statistical Institute and TOKI- Housing Development Administration of Turkey (updated November 2010)
Among the primary duties carried out by the Housing Development Administation of Turkey are constructing public housing, infrastructure and social facilities or outsourcing these services; supporting housing construction industry; procurement of all kinds of research, project and contract operations; providing indisvidual housing loans; giving loans for projects focusing on the transformation of slums, or conservation and rehabilition of urban tissue or local architecture; implementing profit making projects in order for obtaining fund to the Administartion: building housing anf social facilities at disaster area in case it is regarded as necessary. Housing production constitutes 65% of building production as a whole, and the Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKI) which controls 12.1 % of this production has fallen into contradiction with the objectives stated in its foundation act, building houses that are ‘’residences’’, and selling housing at such prices as to make these into special housing and special living area offered to a certain section of the society.
The Turkish construction sector still continues to harbor very serious problems awaiting solution, particularly in terms of self-supervision, such as national and local economic policies, planning, urban design, urban planning, and lack of architectural and engineering policies, employment and conditions of competition.
A General Look at Turkish Legislations on Architecture:
• The architect has to sign a contract for freelance architectural services with the employer before such services commence.
• The architect designs a building as an "author"and supervises its construction. She/He overlooks the complete and perfect realization of his/her work and is responsible for its delivery to the employer in a thorough and flawless state.
• The architect has to infom the employer and get his consent before delegating someone else to carry out some or all stages of the job. The architect, who takes over some or all stages of the job, has to abide by the instructions of the delegationg architect.
• The architect has the power to appoint and commission assistant architects, engineers and other experts to carry out and supervise the design and its implementation and is responsible for thw ork they do.
• If more than one architect has undertaken a job, they are free to divide architectural services and fees among themselves as they wich. The Contract for Architectural Services can not be cancelled upon the incapability or death of one of them, in which case, the rest of the group must compelete the job.
• If the architects becomes unabe to continue her/his porfessional work because of grave disease or death or some other reason, she/he has the right to hand these services overt to another architect to be determined by herself/himself or her/his inheritors. If necesaary, she/he can return this right and power to the employer.
Architectural Services
Contrary to the scale of the building economy, the architectural service industry is not as developed as the contracting business. Unfortunately CAT cannot provide actual statistical figures about its members' financial and business activities. There are around 40.000 registered architects in Turkey, mostly clustered in four major cities, Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir and Bursa. However it is believed that only less than half of these architects are actually practicing their profession. Also the number of above the line active architectural offices is less than five hundred.
Actually contractors are valued more since constructing a building is more visible than designing it. Either state or private, the clients rarely hang back on the cost of the construction of their buildings. On the contrary, the more expensive materials the better it is. However, they severely cut the architectural design fees, sometimes a quarter of one fifth of the lowest fee that CAT designated.
Constructing a building is more valued than designing it. Even the legal tendering law of Turkey first selects the contractor for the public buildings, including the largest court houses, stadiums, schools etc. The winning contractor of the bidding process is than free to choose the architects they would like to work with. Thus in many public buildings architectural design is seen as a secondary task. Contractors become clients of architects.
In this difficult and harsh business environment where almost 20.000 architects look for commissions in order to survive, the professional competition amongst the architects is also severe, even in some cases unethical. Even though CAT has designated a minimum fee for each type of building for each scale in each city, it is believed that only one or two percent of the overall architects could apply these fees to their project service. The lack of consensus amongst architects on the minimum fee obviously makes the clients' hands more powerful, which in the end creates a vicious circle. Many architects are obliged to design cheaper projects in order to survive.
The motivation to survive makes the owners of the architectural offices to pay less to their employee, to keep their accounting procedures illegal in order to avoid taxes, to work with unregistered software and eventually decrease the quality of the service they gave. It is unnecessary to speak about research and personal development in a situation as such, which is actually a must for the profession itself.
Most of the recent graduates start working in architectural offices with salaries starting from as low as 750 Euros/month which may go up to 1500 Euros. Senior architects' salaries may go up to 3500 Euros. Most of the above the line offices have around 8 to 15 staff. Only a small fraction of the active offices have employee more than 20. Offices which have more than 50 employees are very few.
Architects usually base their fees on the total square meters of the buildings they are designing. As a general estimation the architectural fee is around 1% to 7-8% of the total construction cost of the buildings. This ratio increases to %10 or even %15 in interior design projects.
Foreign architects can work in Turkey, only if they are registered to CAT and have working permissions issued by the government. However this is a very rare situation since many of the foreign architects working in Turkey have local partners registered to CAT which makes them easier to carry on their business. Turkish architects residing and working in Turkey rarely have the chance of designing for their foreign clients in foreign countries. The ones who manage to design projects out of Turkey are mostly commissioned by the Turkish contractors working in former Russian or North African – Middle East countries. Turkish architects also pay little attention or reserve no time to promote their works and services abroad. The number of architects who enter international architectural competitions is also very few.
Regulations Pertaining to the Employment of Foreign Architects:
Within the framework of the new legal regulations, the principles and procedures for the employment of foreign architects in Turkey are stated hereunder:
• Foreign contractors or foreign firms may, for engineering or architectural work which they have undertaken to carry out independently or in collaboration with local firms for the government or official or private institutions or persons in Turkey, employ foreign experts, exclusive to such work, on condition of obtaining the opinion of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlements, the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and
Architects (UCTEA) and the Chamber of Architects, and with the work permit granted by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security is specified in the “Regulations Concerning the Primary Evaluation by UCTEA of Work Permits of Foreign Engieers, Architects and Town planners.’’
• In work not covered by the above, foreign engieers and architects( both with or without MS degrees) may be employed by obtaining the opinion of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlements and UCTEA, and with the work permit granted by the Ministry ofLabor and Social Security.
• Should the foreign professionals remain in Turkey for over a month, he must apply to the Chmaber closest to his expertise and be registered as
Urban Transformation and Gentrification in Istanbul
Between 2004-2009, massive investments were made Istanbul’s transport infrastructure, amounting to around half of the greater municipality of Istanbul’s budget. The investment focused on the construction of miles of underground tunnels for new metro lines, including Marmaray project that connects the Asian and European side of the city with an undersea tunnel passing through the Bosporus. A second reflection of the changes in the city’s economic base is the increased levels of new construction by big capital on the city’s vacant plots, for either commercial or residential uses. This is best exemplified by the construction of shopping malls in every possible empty space: the number of shopping centres has increased around sevenfold, reaching 72 since the start of the decade, with an additional 49 under construction and due to be completed by the end of 2010. At the residential level, the most remarkable development has been the intensification and diversification of the construction of gated housing communities at different scales for different social groups on the city’s remaining vacant land. Over the past few years, gating has been so prevalent that it has become the main design principle for almost every new residential project in the city. Another type of residential development worth mentioning is the new housing on state-owned land undertaken by the Mass Housing Administration (TOKI), which in the last five years has arguably become the biggest real-estate actor in Istanbul. (Between 2003 and 2008, TOKI was responsible for the construction of around 60.000 housing units in the city and is projected to create 65.000 more by 2012). In addition to the aforementioned, another, and perhaps more significant (in terms of its impact on the social fabric of the city) development is the transformation of the existing built environment via urban transformation projects.
In 2006, the greater municipality of Istanbul launched architectural competitions for the master plans of two districts located towards the eastern and western edges of the city. The aim was to create two new centres at the end nodes of the new transportation network: a central business district (CBD) in Kartal and a recreational centre in Kucukcekmece. Star architects and architectural offices with international reputations were invited to make plans: Zaha Hadid, Massimilliano Fuksas and Kisho Kurakawa for Kartal; and Ken Yeang, Kengo Kuma and MVRDV for Kucukcekmece, with Hadid winning the competition for star architects, whose presence would draw international attention to the city, was part of a wider marketing strategy to promote Istanbul as one of the world’s top cities.
Apart from large-scale projects that cover the entire districts, waterfront projects on a smaller scale are also on the city’s agenda. Among these are the two waterfront projects along the Marmara Sea coast: the Galataport project on the European side and the Haydarpaflaport project on the Asian side. The projects involve the transformation of former port areas (which over the last two decades have lost their functional advantages) for use by tourists and the general public: mixed-use areas that involve cruise-ship ports, shopping centres, hotels, offices, recreational areas and marinas. These are envisaged as flagship projects that would have effects beyond their immediate surroundings and add value to the city as a whole.
Architectural Education
Architectural education programs developed rapidly in Turkey, responding positively to a change in understanding towards contemporary educational approach at home and abroad. There was a significant increase in the number of faculties and departments of architecture in 1990-2010 as a number of public and foundation universities opened; adding on to the few already established in major cities like Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. As of 2011, the number of active departments of architecture is 51 in Turkey – 20 being foundation universities and 5 in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Table 7: Public Universities and Foundation Universities by Faculty and Department in 2011
Source: Chamber of Architects of Turkey, Architecture in Turkey in 2011
According to the settled higher education system in Turkey for a long while, the professional title and authority was gained after a 4-year full time education in the
academic field. With a new arrangement of the Council of Higher Education (YOK), it is decided that the diploma given after this education will no more mention a title, but the title and authority to practice will be given by a new institution. During the transitional period, the title and authority to practice is given by CAT (Chamber of Architects of Turkey).
Accreditation in architectural education as a step in the continuous training within the profession, covering the issues related with education, quality in education, practice after education, evaluation of professional competence and registration, aims to attain a level of quality for architecture in university education. Architecture Department Coordinators Communication Group (MOBBIG) together with CAT founded the Architectural Accreditation Board (MIAK) for working on the issues covering the quality in architectural education. The main interest of the Architectural Accreditation Board is to enrich the quality in architectural education by means of discussing the evaluation and qualification processes within universities. Therefore, it is aimed to contribute to a higher level of social wealth through better trained and qualified architects.
Architectural Organization
Chamber of Architects of Turkey – CAT – www.mimarlarodasi.org.tr
CAT (Chamber of Architects of Turkey), which was founded in 1954 with a private law, is defined in the Constitution as an institution working for the interest of public and society. Similar to any chamber of architects in many countries which formed the UIA (The International Union of Architects), CAT is a professional organization responsible for regulating architectural profession and registration to CAT is compulsory for the practice of architectural profession in Turkey. Since its foundation CAT has been following urbanization problems closely and makes interventions when necessary. CAT as a professional organization in the service of the society, besides protecting the rights of architects throughout the country, also works for the sake of providing a healthy living environment. CAT is administrated by democratic organs constituted of architects who are appointed to duty via elections amongst registered architects. As of 2011, CAT has branches in 26 cities, representative offices in 82 cities/counties, and 55 representatives.
Map 1: 26 Branches of CAT with the indication of cities in their Jurisdiction
During its half a century long history, CAT's interest shifted to a more hard core politics rather than the professional framework. The leftist political opinions had been announced loudly and many applications of the governments are being severely criticized. Having more than 40.000 members, some architects who do not agree with the political views of the CAT started to complain about their professional organization, accusing the administration of neglecting the real problems of the profession and delving into politics. For the last couple of decades it is widely accepted among practicing architects that CAT is not effective anymore and does not fulfill its main obligations. It is also believed that CAT had lost its lobbying power in the governing bodies because of its continuous resistance to most of the urban development projects and lawsuits that are being opened one after other for major building projects.
CAT Competitions:
Attaining architectural services through competitions is a very important opportunity not only for the development of the profession, but also in bringing out spaces and buildings enriched with certain level of design ideas, to our society and our cities. In the following tables you could find the summary findings on number of competitions, types of competitions, building types in competitions and organizers of competitions.
Table 9: Types of Competition between 1930-2010
Table 10: Building Types in competitions between 1930-2010
See Also:
Chamber of City Planners: www.spo.org.tr
Chamber of Interior Architects of Turkey: www.icmimarlarodasi.org.tr UCTEA Chamber of Landscape Architects: www.peyzajmimoda.org.tr Freelance Architects Association- FAA – www.tsmd.org.tr
Within the last decade freelance architects in three major cities, who are complaining about the tense atmosphere the CAT created for years, founded the Freelance Architects Associations in Ankara, Istanbul and İzmir. Ankara was founded in 1983 but was not effective until 2000. Istanbul Freelance Architects Association was founded in 2003 and it has been followed by İzmir. Even though they were founded with the ambitions to fill the gap that CAT has been leaving empty they couldn't fulfill the expectations of the practicing architects, especially of the young generation. The practicing architects were expecting the FAA to be more effective in putting regulations within the profession itself that would create a more just environment. For instance the minimum fee dispute has not been solved for years which actually the CAT has to resolve. Also the quality of the organization of architectural competitions needs other regulations, where the FAA could be effective to put pressure on CAT.
Istanbul Metropolitan Planning –IMP- www.bimtas.com.tr
Istanbul Metropolitan Planning (IMP) is a special department within the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) generating large and medium scale plans for Istanbul and its districts. IMP is formed under the company owned by Istanbul Municipality (BIMTAŞ), and does not have any legal status. It is formulated as a think-tank office to plan the future of Istanbul. Initially IMP invited hundreds of academics, specialists and professionals in order to work extensively on Istanbul. Huge amounts of work have been produced; loads of analysis has been made. Within a couple of years, IMP became the central attraction for many academics both from Turkey and from Europe. However, what IMP was proposing for Istanbul couldn't be applied in most cases. In the last couple of years, the sweet dream started to turn into a big disappointment. IMP lost its influence because it couldn't deliver what it promised with its huge staff and competent advisory team. IMM (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality) and the central government act independently and sometimes in contrast with what IMP is proposing. Eventually in 2009 the director of IMP, Mr. Hüseyin Kaptan resigned and IMP started to shrink, both in terms of its size and influence. Today it is still active with minimum amount of employee but actually without any effects on the decisions related to Istanbul. Arkitera Architecture Center- www.arkitera.net
Arkitera Architecture Center is an independent architecture and urbanism center founded in 2000 in Istanbul. Its mission is to sustain a better architectural practice, enhance the architectural culture and raise the quality of the built environment in Turkey. In order to achieve this mission, Arkitera develops and publishes several online (arkitera.com, gazeteparc.com etc.) and printed magazines (Raf Product
Magazine) which is followed by the majority of the professionals of the related fields. Arkitera keeps its independent status by financing all of its events and publishing costs by sponsorship and advertisement revenues from the construction and property development industries.
Arkitera initiated the first and largest archive of contemporary architecture in Turkey, which is also published over internet under the name Arkiv. Arkiv is currently the only and largest resource on contemporary architecture of Turkey which can also be followed in English over internet. The archive also forms the resource for the online architectural map of Turkey. Arkitera initiated the ARKIMEET lecture series in which the most famous internationally acclaimed architects were invited to Istanbul for conferences. (www.arkimeet.org)
The center has close relationships with many similar institutions in Europe (NAI, Architektur Zentrum Wien, CABE, LSE – Urban Age, Europan etc.) and also has collaborations with many architectural schools in Turkey or abroad. In 2007, Arkitera Education Center (AEC) has been initiated in order to provide continuing educational courses for professionals. The education center focuses mainly on professional CAD and BIM software used by architects, planners and engineers. AEC has other short term workshops on professional development skills such as architectural photography, modeling or certificate courses such as property assessment trainings. Since its establishment, the Arkitera Architecture Center became a central communication platform for debates, discussions and dialogs for architecture and urbanism issues thanks to hundreds of conferences, panels and exhibitions organized.
Building Information Center - YEM - www.yem.net
The Building Information Center (BIC/YEM), established in 1968, is an information center that provides services to all users of building materials, including companies engaged in the production of goods, services, professionals, executives, architects, engineers and contractors. The Centre forms a common platform between producers and users and is a unique media group, which organizes sector-based fairs, publishes technical journals and periodicals, provides professional information, and organizes technical trips, meetings and symposiums.
Architectural Publications
Turkey is actually a rich country considering the number of architectural periodicals being published. However, only a few of them are influential. The list below is ordered according to their estimated printing numbers.
Arredamento Mimarlik
Info: The most influential publication for years led by Uğur Tanyeli. Contains articles on theory or architecture and urbanism as well as projects from abroad and from Turkey
Website: www.boyut.com.tr
Contact: Ms. Sibel Senyucel, Chief Editor Email: [email protected]
XXI
Info: The second most influential publication published by DEPO Publishing. DEPO also publishes a monthly newspaper on architecture called Yeni Mimar.
Website: www.depo.com.tr Contact: Ms. Hulya Ertas, Editor Email: [email protected]
Yapi Dergisi
Info: Periodic publication of YEM (Building Information Center). Contains project photographs and drawings, news about the architectural community, some articles on different issues.
Website: www.yem.net
Contact: Ms. Yasemin Enginoz, Chief Editor Email: [email protected]
Tasarim Dergisi
Info: Contains mostly project drawings and photographs from Turkey and from abroad.
Website: www.tasarimgroup.com.tr Contact: Ms. Dilek Ozturk
Email: [email protected] Mimarlık
Info: Official periodical publication of CAT (Chamber of Architects of Turkey) published bi-monthly since 1963 and distributed to its registered members. Even though it is high in the printing numbers, it is not as influential as other independent magazines.
Website: http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com Betonart
Info: A quarterly publication on the use of concrete in contemporary architecture. Rather than being a standard industry magazine, Betonart achieved an appreciated acclaim thanks to its rich content with critical and well written essays and careful selection of projects from around the world. Betonart was initiated by Arkitera Architecture Center for Turkish Cement Manufacturers Association and now is being published by PAB, a young architectural research office in Istanbul
Website: http://pab.com.tr/betonart Architecture Portal of Turkey www.arkitera.com
www.yenimimar.com www.yapi.com.tr www.mimarizm.com
www.gazeteparc.com www.kolokyum.com www.mimdap.org
Public Institutions and Branch Organizations Ministry of Public Works and Settlement www.bayindirlik.gov.tr
Ministry of Culture and Tourism www.kultur.gov.tr
Ministry of Environment and Forestry www.cevreorman.gov.tr
General Directorate of Provincial Bank www.ilbank.gov.tr
Housing Development Administration of Turkey www.toki.gov.tr
IBB IMP Metropolitan Planning & Urban Design Center
Address: Mesrutiyet Cad. No.88 Eski Tuyap Kat Otoparki Binasi (Şehir ve Bolge Planlamasi Bolumu Taskisla) 34430, Tepebasi, Beyoglu, Istanbul
Tel: 0212 245 99 00/1356 Fax: 0212 245 99 20
The Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA) Address: Selanik Cad. No:19/1 06650 Yenisehir, Ankara
Tel: +90 312 4181275 Fax: +90 312 417 4824 Website: www.tmmob.org.tr Email: [email protected]
TMMOB Chamber of Architects – Istanbul Metropolitan Branch
Address: La martin Cad. Demircioglu Is Merkezi No:40 Kat: 4 Taksim/ Istanbul Tel: +90 212 227 69 10
Website: www.mimarist.org
Turkish Construction Technology Platform Address: Konur Sok. 4/2 Yenisehir 36650 Ankara Tel: +90 312 417 3727
Fax: +90 312 418 0361 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tctp.org
Foundation of Architecture Turkey
Address: Karakoy Mumhane Caddesi No:4 Beyoglu 34425 Istanbul Tel: +90 212 245 1666
Fax: +90 212 249 0832
Email: [email protected] Website: www.mimarlikvakfi.org.tr
Bimtas - Boğaziçi Engineering Consultancy Inc.
Address: Evliya Çelebi mh. Meşrutiyet cd. Eski Tüyap Binası No:50 34430 Tepebaşı - Beyoğlu – İSTANBUL
Tel: 0212 245 99 00 Fax: 0212 245 98 96
Email: [email protected] Website: www.bimtas.com.tr Yenikapi Urban Design Center
Bimtaş- Boğaziçi Engineering Consultancy Inc.
Address: Evliya Çelebi Mah. Meşrutiyet Caddesi, No:50 Tepebaşı, Beyoğlu-İstanbul/TURKEY
Info: Preliminary Architectural Project Procurement from Pre-Selected International Architects In Relation to Yenikapi Transfer Point and Archaeopark Area - Rapporteur Email: [email protected]
Website: www.yenikapiurbandesign.com
Current status and further process of Yenikapi Urban Design Project: The “Yenikapi Transfer Point And Archaeo-Park Area International Preliminary Architecture Project” work which is based on a protocol that had been signed between Boğaziçi Engineering Consultancy Inc. (BIMTAS) and Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency in October 2010; alienated to Directorate of Projects in Department of Study and Projects of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality after by Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency accomplished its official duties. Project applications have been uploaded to the web site of the project from the official web of “www.yenikapiurbandesign.com” and “42” multi-national and multi-disciplinary Project teams completed their applications. Project’s technical committee members/rapporteurs completed the preliminary evaluations, identifications and classifications of the 42 multi-national Project teams’ materials. Then, Evaluation Committee Members, Technical Committee Members and rapporteurs visited the project site. In pre-selection; the Project Evaluation Committee, evaluated the proficiency of participators’ applications for the project. On 30.11.2011, the members of the Evaluation Committee determined the 9 Project Teams after the rounds of accurate evaluations. And, MVRDV / WINY MAAS + ABOUTBLANK is one of the pre-selected. “Invitation Letter” was sent to “9” applicants who meet the Proficiency Conditions for Pre-Selection for participation in the provision of the project. Furthermore, the Design Brief was provided to the Architects at the site visit in Istanbul. Details and information provided by the architecture and urban design offices that confirm their participation in the provision of project, will be evaluated by an international committee and finally one of the projects will be selected.
Istanbul Technical University Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center
ITU Faculty of Architecture Taskisla Building Room No:114 34437 Taksim ISTANBUL Tel: +90-212-249-28-34
Tel: +90 212 2492834, +90 212 29313/2388 www.itu.edu.tr
SWOT Analysis Strengths
• Service Offering: Dutch architectural firms could manage large scale projects and infrastructural assignments
• Public Housing, Urban Development and Infrastructure: Dutch architectural firms have a strong background in realising public space development. • Focus and knowhow on sustainability and ecology
Weaknesses
• Dutch architecture industry does not seem to be focusing on high end of the market which is the fastest developing one in İstanbul with ‘concept buildings’, luxurious shopping malls and all-in-one living spaces. Opportunities
• Upwardly mobile population moving from slum areas to public housing then to all in one living spaces
• Regeneration of old city center plus new satellite suburbs with complexes including residences, shopping malls and office buildings
• Urban transformation projects initiated by local and national government • Infrastructural investments like a new bridge, a new channel and connecting
highways Cultural heritage and urban regeneration projects initiated by regional and metropolitan municipalities
• Collaboration with local architectural offices for projects in neighbour countries
Threats
• Urban development and infrastructure is a highly complex regulatory and political area with high walls for entry
• Sophisticated local competition
Based on this analysis, following areas are worth mentioning as high potentials: Cultural Heritage and Urban Development: It is one of the priorities of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and regional municipalities. Dutch architects could add value and solve many problems caused by the need to preserve a huge historical landmark area while building a city to meet needs of its citizens for a contemporary living experience.
Sustainable and Ecological Build Environment: Rising concerns by citizens and civil society in İstanbul made it one of the hot topics on agenda during last couple of
years. Many issues from the third bridge to urban transformation could be addressed under this heading.
References
• The Turkish Construction Sector Report 2010, The Building Information Center – www.yem.net
• Turkish Statistical Institute – 2010- www.tuik.gov.tr
• Chamber of Architects of Turkey – 2010 Records - www.mimarlarodasi.org.tr • Cultural Exchange Turkey- The Netherlands - www.culturalexchange-tr.nl
Author: Ms. Pelin Dervis ([email protected])
• TOKI – Housing Development Administration of Turkey – www.toki.gov.tr • Jones Lang LaSalle, Turkey Retail Market Overview, April 2009 -
http://www.joneslanglasalle.com/ResearchLevel1/JLL_Turkey_RE_Overview _1H2010.pdf
• DDFA Feasibility Study for Dutch Design Desk Istanbul, Solo Projeler Danismanlik Ltd. Sti.
• Architecture in Turkey 2011, Chamber of Architects of Turkey More information:
In Turkey:
Prepared by Sirel Ceren Erten
Consulate-General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Commercial and Economic department
Istiklal Caddesi 197, 34433, Beyoğlu Istanbul, Turkey T +902123932129 -34 / F +902122925031 www.hollandturkeytrade.com Email: [email protected] Date 15.06.2012 In Nederland: NL EVD Internationaal
Jeannette de Lannoy, marktadviseur Turkije Tel: 088 602 88 60
Colofon
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Agentschap NL / NL EVD Internationaal / Unit Informatie & Advies Prinses Beatrixlaan 2 / 2595 AL den Haag
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