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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH COOPERATIVE SCRIPT: A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AT THE EIGHT GRADE OF
SMP N 1 NGUTER IN 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
by
A320120257
PURWANTI PUJI ASTUTI
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLIH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016
APPROVAL
IMPROYING STIIDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH COOPERATIVE SCRIPT: A COLLABORATIYE RESEARCH
AT
TIIE
EIGIIT GRADE OFSMP N 1 NGUTER IN 201612017 ACADEMIC YEAR
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
by:
PURWANTI PUJI ASTUTI
A320120257
Approved by Consultant,
ACCEPTANCE
IMPROVING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH COOPERATIVE
SCRIPT: A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH
AT
THE EIGHT GRADE OF SMPN 1 NGUTER IN 2016/2A17 ACADEMIC YEAR
by
PURWANTI PUJI ASTUTI 4320120257
Accepted and approved by Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on November,2016 Team of Examiners: 1. 2. J. Nur Hidayat, M.Pd (F'irS Examiner)
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D (Second Examiner) Aryati Prasetyarini, M.Pd (Thfud Examiner)
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196s0428199303001TESTIMONY
Her'ewith, I testify that in this publication article there is no plagiarism of the previous literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a certain university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, expect those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence later,
if
it
is proven that there are some untrue statementsin this
testimony, I will be fu1ly responsible.Surakarta, November 1 1 201 6
The Researcher
Purwanti Puii Astuti A.320120257
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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH COOPERATIVE SCRIPT: A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AT THE EIGHT GRADE OF
SMP N 1 NGUTER IN 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian adalah 1) untuk mengidentifikasi apakah metode cooperative script dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa, 2) untuk mendeskripsikan kelebihan dan kekurangan metode cooperative script.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP N 1 Nguter. Data penelitian diperoleh dari wawancara, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan nilai dari pre-test dan post-test. Sumber data dari penelitian ini adalah proses pembelajaran, informan, dan dokumen. Peneliti menganalisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari tes keterampilan berbicara siswa, sedangkan data kulaitatif diperoleh dari pengamatan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan metode cooperative script di kelas VIII SMP N 1 Nguter mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dalam kemampuan berbicara siswa. Dapat dilihat dari pencapaian nilai siswa yang meningkat dan memenuhi Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM). Dari hasil tes, rata-rata nilai meningkat dari siklus ke siklus. Rata-rata untuk pre-test adalah 47.7, rata-rata post-test 1 adalah 65.18, dan rata-rata post-test 2 adalah 76.59. Pelaksanaan cooperative script sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa.
Kata Kunci: cooperative script, kemampuan berbicara
Abstract
The objectives of the research are 1) to identify whether cooperative script method can improve students’ speaking skill, 2) to describe the strengths and weaknesses of cooperative script method. The type of the research that is used by the researcher is action research. The subject of the research was the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Nguter. Data of the research are the interview script, lesson plan, and the score of pre-test and post-test. The data sources are event, informants, and document. The researcher analyzed the data using qualitative and quantitative method. The quantitative data was collected from the students’ speaking skill scores through test, while qualitative data was obtained from observations and interviews. The result of the research showed that from the implementation of cooperative script at the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Nguter, the speaking skill of the students is improved significantly. It can be seen from the achievement score of the students also the achievement of Minimum Requirement Score or in Indonesia it is called Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM). From the test result, the mean scores increased from cycle to cycle. The mean score of pre-test is 47.4, the mean score of post-test 1 in cycle 1is 65.18, and the mean score of post-test 2 in cycle 2 is 76.59. The implementation of cooperative script is effective to improve the students’ speaking skill.
2 1. INTRODUCTION
Speaking is the main principle to communicate with people. Everyday we produce thousand words to speak. Every we make a conversation then our brain processing words before we speak. In a conversation we have to master a language, so it is easier for us to interact with people. There are some languages, especially the English language because it is the international language. So that, we need the ability to master the English skill language order. Such as, speaking skill is a tool to be able to deliver the aims and objectives that we want to reveal and also through speaking skills we can express the ideas or opinions of us in a conversation and to adapt to the environment.
Harmer (2001: 270) stated that “without speaking, show that you do not understand what the speakers is saying, by looking confused, scratching your head in confusion, etc. However, only do this once”. Based on Harmer’s statement, if we do not have ability of speaking skill, we will not be able to talk and look like someone who cannot interact with other people. So, speaking is very important, in our daily communication always produce words with more than a thousand.
Speaking skill can also be measured from the fluency, comprehension, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. If the student was able to master them, could be called as the students who already well on their skills in speaking. So many people that think they are smart if they mastering speaking.
Based on observation at the school still have difficulties in speaking because the students got difficulties on grammar, got lack on their vocabulary, they have not been able to construct a sentence which she wanted to say, they do not believe in themselves and are reluctant to appear to speak in class, then the students are still not able to respond to the teachers’ talk.
Based on the observation, the researcher concludes that most of the problems faced by the students are talking, they think speaking skills are very difficult, they still have not been able to master the vocabulary and grammar that is a fundamental principle in learning English so that students are shy, not confident in speaking English. So the researcher will focus on using the method
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of cooperative learning that is a cooperative script method. Cooperative script is method of cooperative learning where student study together or in pairs and in oral changed explained or summarized parts of materials.
On this method, students practice in pairs to create a summary and students took turns talking disclose summary that they have created, for the only couple in charge to listen to his friend who was talking and correcting the conversation partner. If there is one then the listener must justify or tell the speaker so that speaker can speak correctly and well. The students involved consist of 27 students in this study, the researcher hopes this method can solve large problems in SMP N 1 Nguter because with this method the students are trained to brave to speak, be active, and be able to respond and talk more thoroughly. By using cooperative script the students will enjoy and also the students will study face to face, learning in small groups, productive speak or express their opinion and make decisions. In other words, the students did not felt nervous again, they began to express their opinion and develop what in her mind. This model is different with other model cooperative. It is using script made easy for students to understand the materials. So the students’ skill in speaking will be improved both in terms of fluency, pronunciation, comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary.
The objectives of the research are to identify whether cooperative script method can improve students’ speaking skill and to describe the strengths and weaknesses of cooperative script method.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, the researcher applied an action research. The subject of the research was the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Nguter. There were 27 students in this class. The object of the study is improving students’ speaking skill using cooperative script of the eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Nguter. Data of this research are the interview script, lesson plan, and the score of pre-test and post-pre-test. The data sources are event, informant, and document. The researcher collected the data using qualitative and quantitative method. The
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quantitative data was collected from the students’ speaking skill scores through test, while qualitative data was obtained from observations and interviews.
3. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The research was conducted at the eighth grade F class of SMP N 1 Nguter. The researcher conduct a research in collaboration with the English Teacher of SMP N 1 Nguter (Mr. Kawitono). Before conducting the research, the teacher and the researcher shared ideas about the action research knowledge and everything which was related to the research.. The result of pre-test was 47.40 for the mean score. The highest score was 60 and the lowest score was 30. Also the researcher analyzed that among 27 students who joined the test, 27 students got score less than 76. It was indicated that students had low speaking skill.
The researcher decided to bring about new technique by using cooperative script through a classroom action research to improve students’ speaking skill. The action research was carried out in two cycles. The teacher gave the script of invitation to the students. Then, she explained about invitation. The teacher also gave a chance to the students to read and ask the difficult word from the script. In this step the students must make a sentence from the invitation. The students can choose one of the kinds of invitation such as: inviting, accepting or refusing. In the classroom activity, students are divided into small groups. Their task is to discuss the topic or the material. Every student must be active to discuss the material. The students also have opportunity to their speaking skills by expressing them ideas or opinions in English orally.
The implementation of students’ speaking skill before action research was conducted, the students got difficulties on grammar, got lack on their vocabulary, they have not been able to construct a sentence which she wanted to say, they do not believe in themselves and are reluctant to appear to speak in class, then the students are still not able to respond to the teachers’ talk. The achievement of students’ speaking skill test was low. It is proven when they did a pre-test most of them looked confused to speak and afraid to answer the question that was given to
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the researcher. It looked like that they did not have enough vocabularies to answer. Moreover, some of the students have low comprehension.
After conducting action research, the students speaking skill was improved. The students could speak using correct grammar and get new vocabularies, good pronunciation, more creative and the teaching learning process become more fun with cooperative script. When it be related to the indicators on the lesson plan. The students were able to express the expression of invitation. They were able to make a sentence about the material above and able to perform in front of the class correctly. The score of the students’ test after research was higher also than the score before research.
All of the students’ improvement can be seen from the elements of speaking skills, those are:
a. Grammar
In this element, students’ grammar increased significantly, from pre-test total score 2.44, post-test 1 total score 3.33, post-test 2 total score 4.51. In the first meeting they had low of grammar competence, after the researcher used cooperative script from cycle 1 until cycle 2 there was significant improvement.
b. Pronunciation
From pronunciation, the total score students from pre-test 2.37, post-test 1 was 2.88, post-test 2 was 3.37. To increase the students’ pronunciation is not easy to be done, because it needs special treatment. The researcher could teach the students easier by using cooperative script. It helps the students to communicate well with the teacher and others students, so she could make correction to theirs’ pronunciation.
c. Vocabulary
The students’ total score for pre-test was 2.44, test 1 was 3.33, and post-test 2 were 3.85. When the researcher implemented cooperative script in the teaching and learning process, it made all of the students’ vocabularies increased. Cooperative script gave chance to teacher and students to speak more, without they realized that their vocabularies were increasing.
6 d. Comprehension
The students’ total score for pre-test was 2.29, post-test 1 was 3.37, post-test 2 was 3.85. From the pre-test until post-test 1 and 2, they had good enough comprehension. So their total score has increased significantly.
e. Fluency
The students’ total score for pre-test was 2.29, post-test 1 was 3.37, post-test 2 was 3.55. By using cooperative script, the students got more opportunity to speak up and increase their motivation. The researcher guided them when they spoke up, so their score increased well using cooperative script.
Based on the result of the test, the improvement after the action was supported by the score of the test. The comparison between mean score of pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2. It can be seen in the following table:
The mean of pre test The mean of post-test 1 The mean of post-test 2 47,40 65,18 76,59
The result of pre-test was 47.40 and the result of post-test 1 was 65.18. It means that there was improvement. The improvement happened after teaching learning process using cooperative script. There was improvement also cycle two. It was shown by the mean score of the students were increased into 76.59. It can be concluded that students’ speaking skill were improved.
It can be concluded that the theories is presented in the following section, as follows:
Cooperative script can improve students’ speaking skill. According to Hayardin (2012). One of advantages of Cooperative Script Method is “students more responsible in the learning a powerful effort in developing academic achievement, developing tolerance for others and develop skill.” One of the skills that can be develop by using this method is speaking skill.
The weakness of cooperative script is that the teaching using cooperative script gives a chance to students to play around instead of doing the assignment
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with their group. Therefore, the teacher must monitor whether the students’ really do their assignment or not. Cooperative script also has some strength. One of the strengths is that the students can interact and care with the other, make students friendly and help students understand new material. Another advantage of cooperative script is that the use of this technique can improve speaking skill of the students.
The researcher also has monitored previous studies done by other researchers who also conduct speaking skill as the object of the study. There are three previous research findings that become the orientation of this research.
The first previous research is Sumardiono (2014) entitled Improving Students’ Speaking Skill using Cooperative Script Method (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade Student of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Surakarta in 2014/2015 Academic Year). The aims of the study are as the following: (1) to improve the students’ speaking skill at the tenth grade students of MAN 2 Surakarta in 2014/2015 Academic Year. (2) To identify whether implementing Cooperative Script can improve speaking at the tenth grade students of MAN 2 Surakarta in 2014/2015 Academic Year.
From the research had been done by Sumardiono. It can be seen from the data of pre-test, test 1, test 2. Pre-test is 50.73, test 1 is 63,78, post-test 2 is 76. It can be concluded that the students’ speaking skill can be improved.
The second previous research is Basuki Tusino Afif (2013) entitled The Effectiveness of Cooperative Script to enhance the Students’ Speaking Skill at English Education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. This study is aimed at finding out whether the use of cooperative script effective to improve the students’ speaking skill. The researchers take two classes as the subject of the research
From the research had been done by Basuki Tusino Afif. It can be seen from the data of pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2. Pre-test is 67.07, post-test 1 is 7,73, post-test 2 is 74.80. It can be concluded that the students’ speaking skill can be improved.
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Speaking Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA PGRI 2 Kayen in Academic Year 2015/2016 taught by using Cooperative Script Method. The objective of this research is to find out whether there is any significant difference between the speaking ability of the tenth grade students of SMA PGRI 2 Kayen in the academic year 2015/2016 before and after being taught by using Cooperative Script Method.
From the research had been done by Fika Dyah Fitriani. It can be seen from the data of pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2. Pre-test is 55, post-test 1 is 7.4, post-test 2 is 70.27. It can be concluded that the students’ speaking skill can be improved.
Based on the explanation of the previous study above, it can be seen that all of the result of previous study can improve students’ speaking skill. It also happens to the result of this research. In this research cooperative script can improved students’ speaking skill. It is proven by the result of pre-test, post-test 1, post-test 2. The result of pre-test is 47.40, post-test 1 is 65.18,post-test 2 is 76.59. It shows that there is significant improvement from each test to other test. It means that cooperative script can improve students’ speaking skill.
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the result of the study in the previous chapter, which aim to improve the students` speaking skill using Cooperative Script. It can be seen from the result of the test. When the researcher did the research for the first time, the students` speaking skill was so poor. It can be seen from the pre-test score, the mean score of the pre-test was 47.40. After the researcher conducted a research, the mean score of test 1 was 65.18, and the mean score of post-test 2 was 76.59. It shows that there are improvements on their speaking skill.
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