Design and Development of AC Windings
Calculation using MATLAB Software
Mr.S.Inbasakaran1, Dr.Mahesh.K2, Mr.Lithesh.J3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Horizon College Of Engineering,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SIR MVIT, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Horizon College Of Engineering,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Abstract
There are many problems in electrical engineering which are quite difficult to solve in short span of time especially the problems which have iterations and also it is difficult to verify whether the solution obtained is right or wrong. One similar problem is Electrical drawing Calculations. The electrical windings both ac and dc are of several types. In each type of winding the calculations used are different and also the windings will have several slots and layers which increase the complexity of the problem and also affects of the accuracy of the solutions obtained manually. In this paper the MATLAB programs are implemented to get the solutions of various AC windings in electrical engineering which is complex in nature when solved manually. The user can enter the basic details of the AC windings and able to get the solution through which the drawing can be done directly without any manual calculations and also this paper provides a powerful tool for verification of solutions obtained theoretically.
Key Words: AC Windings, Electrical Machines, Winding design Calculation, MATLAB programs
1. Introduction
An Electrical Engineer can analyze and design electrical equipments like transformers, DC machines, induction machines, synchronous machines etc. The drawings are the only means of communication through which the ideas of design engineer are transformed into reality which is helpful to the society. Based on design information and specifications, engineering drawings are to be made. The drawing is an essential bridge between designer and manufacturer and also between the designer and commissioning/maintenance engineer. The manufacturer plans the details of processing, machining, material requirement and cost estimate, based on the drawing. But to design electrical equipment it is very essential for designer to analyze and do the calculations for the given specifications. This calculation needs a numerical resolution of a given details of winding diagram, transformer, DC/AC machines etc. In the perspective of designers many software have been developed to solve magnetic field problems on electrical rotating machines, basing on finite element methods (FEM). Unfortunately, not much software deals with windings and their design. [4]
Unfortunately, though giving accurate results, FEMs have some drawbacks like:
1) The need the exact geometrical data (not always known at initial design stages) in form of CAD drawings.
2) They are time consuming, due to the necessity to carry out many calculation sessions each time one or more machine parameters are changed.
3) Each calculation session can last even for a long time, depending on the expected accuracy. [3]
In this paper the MATLAB programs are implemented to get the solutions of various AC windings in electrical engineering which is complex in nature when solved manually. To make the work of design engineer easier and to reduce the burden and save time the paper proposed an idea. The user can enter the basic details of the AC windings in the MATLAB which will intern get the complete solution through which the drawing can be done directly without any manual calculations and also this paper can be a powerful tool for verification of the solutions obtained theoretically.
• The older edition of electrical subjects like Control System and Digital Signal Processing includes complex problems which have to be solved manually, but referring to the latest edition of foreign author books includes quick solution for all the problems using MATLAB programs.
• The Electrical Drawing has many types where calculations have to be done before drawing in AUTOCAD. So the paper proposed a thought of implementing the idea of MATLAB for an easier approach to solve problems in short span of time.
2. Winding details
[4]
Fig.1: Different types of Winding
3. Types of ac winding
Armature winding are mainly of two types –Lap winding and wave winding. The winding can be designed as
single layer winding or double layer winding. In single layer winding only one side of the coil is placed in each slot.
The single layer winding are mainly classified as Un-bifurcated winding and Bifurcated winding. The most of the synchronous machines and induction machines have double layer winding in the armature. [5]
4. Case study
4.1 Single layer lap winding short pitched by one slot:
Case 1:
Draw the developed winding diagram for an AC machines with the following details: No. of poles=4; No. of phases=3; No. of slots=24; Winding=single layer. Coil short pitched by one slot, lap winding, star connected. [4]
Solution:
Given data:
Number of slots (Z) = 24; Number of layers (n) = 1; Number of poles (p) = 4;
Calculations:
Armature conductors (z) = m*n
z = 1*24 = 24 conductors
Pole Pitch (yp) = z/p
yp = 24/4 = 6
No. of slots/pole/phase=6/3=2
No. of coils/pole/phase=2/2=1
Slot angle=180/pole pitch = 180/6 = 30o
Winding pitch = 180-(No. of slots shorted * Slot angle)
=180-(1*30)
=150
Coil span= Winding pitch/Slot angle
= 150/30 = 5
Let R phase starts from slot number 1
i.e., Rs=1
Y starts after 120o i.e., Ys=5
B starts after 240o i.e., Bs=9
Table1: Winding table:
Ist Pole IInd Pole IIIrd Pole IVth Pole
R
phase 1+5=6 7+5=12 13+5=18 19+5=24
Y
Phase 3+5=8 9+5=14 15+5=20 21+5=2
B
Phase 5+5=10 11+5=16 17+5=22 23+5=4
The same can be done using MATLAB programs to obtain the output, by selecting following actions. When the program is executed the below menu box is displayed as shown in Fig.2
Fig.2: Menu box
The type of winding is selected from the display as shown in Fig 3, it will be asked to enter number of layer
Fig.3: Display
Once the layer has mention either single layer or double layer it will ask for the following details of the AC winding as shown in the Fig.4.
Fig.4: Details of Ac Winding
By entering the specific data given in the AC winding the MATLAB will get output and winding table as shown in Fig.5, which is required to draw the AC winding diagram .
Fig.5: Output and winding table for single layer lap winding:
4.2 Double layer lab winding
Case 2:
Draw the developed winding diagram for an AC machines with the following details: No. of poles=4; No. of phases=3; No. of slots=12; Winding=double layer. Coil short pitched by one slot, lap winding, star connected. [8].
The output and winding table for double layer lap winding is show in Fig.6 and Fig.7.
Fig.6: Output and winding table for double layer lap winding including Winding table of the 1st layer
Fig.7: Output and winding table for double layer lap winding including Winding table for the 2nd layer
4.3 mush winding
Case 3:
Draw the Mush winding diagram for a 4 pole, 36 slots and three phase armature.
Output and winding table for mush winding:
If we select mush winding the MATLAB will ask to enter the following details:
The MATLAB will calculate the following details
The MATLAB need the whether the design is for short pitched or full pitched. After entering the details it will give the full details for winding table.
Winding details:
Hence the solution for electrical drawing will be obtained without any manual calculations using MATLAB PROGRAMS for n number of problems.
5. Conclusion
Hence in this paper, the solution for electrical drawing will be obtained without any manual calculations using MATLAB PROGRAMS for n number of problems. In this paper the MATLAB programs are implemented to get the solutions of various types of AC windings for which calculations used are different and also the windings will have several slots and layers which increase the complexity of the problem and also affects the accuracy of the solutions obtained manually in electrical engineering. So this can be overcome by using MATLAB software and saves time.
6. Reference
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[2]. Zheng Jian , Research in the combination of professional knowledge and drawing skills in teaching of building electrical cad,Automation College Beijing Union University Beijing, China, 2011
[3]. a. O. Di tommaso, f. Genduso and r. Miceli - member ieee deim, A novel improved matlab-based software for the electric and magnetic analysis and design of rotating electrical machines Department of Energy, Information engineering and Mathematical models, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building nr. 9, 90128 - Palermo, Italy, 2015
[4]. Sri. S.F. Devlapur, A TEXT BOOK OF ELECTRICAL DRAFTING, Director of technical education.
[5]. M S Indra(Ph.D), V D Shankarlal, D Beula, CAD FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS (second edition).
[6]. M G Say, CBS Publishers, PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF AC MACHINES (third edition).
[7]. AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016
[8]. S.K.Bhattacharya, Electrical Engineering Drawing(Second Edition), , New age international publishers.
[9].Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso, Fabrizio Marignetti, Rosario Miceli and Giuseppe Ricco Galluzzo , Energies, A General Mathematical Formulation for Winding Layout Arrangement of Electrical Machines Massimo Caruso , MDPI 2018.
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[11].Alberti, L.; Bianchi, N. Theory and Design of Fractional-Slot MultilayerWindings. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
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[12].Germishuizen, J.J.; Kamper, M.J. Classification of symmetrical non-overlapping three-phase windings. In Proceedings of the XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines—ICEM 2010, Rome, Italy, 6–8 September 2010; pp. 1–6.
