Author Guidelines at IFS

(1)

1

Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. Tel: +47 23 09 59 00. Email: [email protected]. Web: http://ifs.forsvaret.no

Author Guidelines at IFS

Manuscripts

Manuscripts must be submitted as an MS Word text file. The finished manuscript must contain

• Author biography (max 150 words)

• History of the manuscript’s publication in English (max 350 words)

• Contents

• Body text

• Illustrations, if any

• References/Bibliography

Blurb for online publication at ifs.forsvaret.no

The point of the blurb is to help readers decide if they belong to the target audience by giving them an idea of the subject matter and issues addressed. Max. 400 words.

Author biography

Name, date of birth, institutional affiliation(s). A few words on professional/academic background and qualifications.

Abstract

Should include subject matter, research issues/questions, main findings. Page format determines the balance in word count between author biography and abstract.

Contents

Indicates the different parts/sections of the manuscript. There is no need to format the contents in any particular way since a new contents will be generated as part of the layout process.

(2)

2

Body text

The overall impression created by a publication clearly benefits if the chapters, subsections and paragraphs are in roughly the same proportions (size, word count) throughout the publication. The exceptions are the introductory and concluding chapters.

There are three levels to the formatting of titles and headings to ensure visual separation: 1)

Chapter

2)

Heading 1

and 3) Heading 2

Do not number headings and/or subsections. This: 1.0 Introduction is wrong! Illustrations

Paste illustrations into the place in the body text where you want them to appear, but we also need you to submit illustrations separately as original files in high resolution jpeg format (min. 300 dpi). You do not need to submit tables separately.

Language

IFS uses UK English. We also practise a “low style” for headings (titles of subsections) where the use of capital letters is kept to a minimum, i.e. for first words, proper names and first words after colons/em dashes. Use ‘s’ instead of ‘z’ in words ending in ‘sation’ and ‘ise’ as in

organisation/organise etc. If you are proficient in US English and would prefer to have your work published in US English, IFS will do what it can to accommodate you, as far as practically possible. Such accommodation cannot be granted in the case of anthologies where British English is standard throughout. If, however, every contribution to the anthology is in US English, that restriction obviously doesn’t apply.

Punctuation conforms to the version of English used in the publication. Note the different type of quotation mark (single/double) in UK/US English (from Penguin Writer’s Manual 2002):

UK English: ‘What Shakespeare actually wrote,’ Harry interrupted, ‘was “We are such stuff as dreams are made on”, not “made of”, as you seem to think.’

US English: “What Shakespeare actually wrote,” Harry interrupted, “was ‘We are such stuff as dreams are made on’, not ‘made of,’ as you seem to think.”

(3)

3

Abbreviations

Standard practice is to keep the use of abbreviations to a minimum

1. Per cent (percent) and currencies (pounds, kroner, dollars etc.) should be written in full 2. At first mention of bodies, organisations etc. spell out their names in full followed by their

abbreviation/acronym in round brackets; at any further mention, you can use the

abbreviation/acronym on its own. Example: Organisation for Cooperation and Security in Europe (OCSE), thereafter OCSE. If the abbreviation or acronym is better known than the proper name, as in NATO, EU, UN, use the abbreviation/acronym.

3. When a lesser known organisation is mentioned only a few times in a long text, it will usually help the reader to write its full name each time, rather than using a seldom used

abbreviation or acronym.

References

IFS practises the Chicago in-text reference system in all of its publications. The examples below come from a guide compiled by the John B. Cade Library (2008).

NB! Punctuation is used in front of page number(s) in in-text citations to indicate the type of source the reference is to, that is, either a book or an article. Comma indicates a book, colon an article. In-text example:

Book (Doniger 1999, 55) Article (Smith 1998: 639–40)

Books with one author (note the use of full stops/periods) In-text citation Reference

(Doniger 1999, 55)

(4)

4

Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. Tel: +47 23 09 59 00. Email: [email protected]. Web: http://ifs.forsvaret.no Books with two or three authors

In-text citation Reference (Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000,

55–75)

Note the use of the “long dash” (aka em rule) between page numbers.

Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate conservation biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Books with more than three authors In-text citation Reference (Laumann et al. 1994)

When page numbers are not given, the reference refers to the book as a whole

Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. 1994. The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Edited books

In-text citation Reference

(Lattimore 1951) Adamsky, Dima and Kjell Inge Bjerga, eds. 2012. Contemporary military innovation. Between anticipation and adaption. London: Routledge. Chapter or other part of a book

(Twaddell 1957, 85–87) Twaddell, W. Freeman. 1957. A note on Old High German umlaut. In Readings in linguistics I: The development of descriptive linguistics in America, 1925–1956. 4th ed. Edited by Martin Joos. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Book within a multivolume work or series In-text citation Reference

(Saxi 2011, 12–13) Saxi, Håkon Lunde. 2011. Nordic defence cooperation after the Cold War. Oslo Files on Defence and Security, no. 1. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies.

(5)

5

Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. Tel: +47 23 09 59 00. Email: [email protected]. Web: http://ifs.forsvaret.no Unpublished and informally published material

(Håkenstad 2010) Håkenstad, Magnus. 2010. “Den nest beste løsning: Den norske mobiliseringshæren 1950–1968. ” Master’s thesis, University of Oslo.

Secondary sources (“quoted in …”) In-text citation Reference

(Zukofsky 1931) Zukofsky, L. 1931. “Sincerity and objectification.” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in B. Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary possessions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

Journal article

(Smith 1998: 639–40) Smith, John Maynard. 1998. “The origin of altruism.” Nature 393: 639– 40.

Newspaper article, paper edition In-text citation Reference

(Ask 2015) Ask, Alf Ole. 2015. “Clinton kritiseres for pengestøtte fra utlandet.” Aftenposten, 20 February.

Magazine article

In-text citation Reference (Gourmet 2000: 57)

Note colon before the page number

Gourmet. 2000. “Kitchen Notebook.” May.

When the author is an organisation

Like many publishers, IFS departs from the Chicago manual. We use the abbreviation/acronym of the organisation’s name in the in-text citation. The abbreviation/acronym is the first entry in the

reference, followed by the full name of the organisation in brackets. This is simply to save space. In-text citation Reference

(BSI 1985) BSI (British Standards Institute). 1985. Specifications for abbreviations of title words and titles of publications. Linford Woods, Milton Keynes, UK: British Standards Institute.

(6)

6

Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies. Tel: +47 23 09 59 00. Email: [email protected]. Web: http://ifs.forsvaret.no Public documents

In-text citation Reference (FD 2014)

Insert para., art. and/or sec. as required

FD (Forsvarsdepartementet). 2014. Endringer i vernepliktsloven og heimevernloven (allmenn verneplikt – verneplikt for kvinner). Prop. 122 L (2013–2014). Oslo: Forsvarsdepartementet.

Online sources

Online sources are styled, like physical sources, by the author’s surname or organisation name. If none are available or known, the title of the article can be used (but only as a last resort!)

A URL address is not a source; URLs will not be accepted as source references!

Newspaper articles, online edition In-text citation Reference (Moe 2015)

If page numbers are given, enter them as you would for a physical publication

Moe, Ingeborg. 2015. “Merkel: Risikerer nye sanksjoner hvis

våpenhvilen ikke overholdes.” Aftenposten.no, 13 February. Accessed 20 Feb. 2015. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/uriks/Merkel- Risikerer-nye-sanksjoner-hvis-vapenhvilen-ikke-overholdes--7898247.html

Organisation web site

IFS has its own guidelines here, as in the case of «the author is an organisation» above In-text citation Reference

(FAS undated) FAS (Federation of American Scientists). Undated. “Resolution comparison: Reading license plates and headlines.” Accessed 20 Feb. 2015. http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolve5.htm

News and journal databases

(Thomas 1956) Thomas, Trevor M. 1956. “Wales: Land of mines and quarries.” Geographical Review 46, no. 1: 59–81. Accessed 20 Feb. 2015 http://www.jstor.org/

(7)

7

References/bibliography

References/bibliography are organised alphabetically. If a specific name (author/organisation) has more than one reference, order them chronologically, with the most recent publication first. If a specific author/organisation and year has more than one reference, mark the different references “a”, “b” … “y”.

In-text citation Reference (Gjeseth 2011a)

(Gjeseth 2011b) 2011a. “Landforsvarets krigsplaner under den kalde krigen”, foredrag i Oslo Militære Samfund, 17 October. Accessed 3 May 2012.

http://www.oslomilsamfund.no/oms_arkiv/2011/2011-10-17-Gjeseth.html

–––. 2011b. Landforsvarets krigsplaner under den kalde krigen. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.