Contribución al Desarrollo de Soluciones Para la Integración de Métodos de Establecimiento de Sesión en Redes 4G. to Designing Suitable

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Contribución al Desarrollo de Soluciones

Para la Integración de Métodos de

Establecimiento de Sesión en Redes 4G

(

(ContributionContribution toto DesigningDesigning SuitableSuitable Session

Session SetupSetup SolutionsSolutions in 4G in 4G NetworksNetworks))

Autor: D. Antonio Cuevas Casado

Director: Dr. José Ignacio Moreno Novella

TESIS DOCTORAL

Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática

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Outlook

Design suitable session setup solutions in

4G networks

1. Introduction, Objectives 2. State of the Art

3. Integrating Sessions: Requirements

4. 4G Proposed Architecture and Session Setup

Support

5. Signalling 6. Validation

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Introduction, Context

Migration of the circuit switched networks

towards an IP world is happening:

Vinton Cerf: “no sense to keep two separate

networks”

Reasons for such an important change

Increase revenue due to ease of building new

services over the Internet and their acceptance by the users

Reduce costs to operators: manage only one

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Introduction, Context

For us, 4G is an Internet like network with

extra features, many, such as mobility, already present in cellular networks

A 4G network is not a 3G “All-IP” network

(3G network with an IP overlay)

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Introduction, challenges and open

points

In 4G, terminals are IP hosts. Risks for the operators to become bit pipes

Migration can not be avoided, avoid its bad consequences for the operators

Convergence in business models?? still not clear. Thus…

One topic to still handle in 4G networks is session setup.

The problems come from the fact that a session is composed of subsessions (transport, application) handled by different business entities

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Introduction, objectives

Design Session Setup solutions integrating

application and network layer aspects and services in 4G networks

Focus on orchestration between the

different entities, systems, modules

But keeping Internet paradigm: transport &

service separation

Position the network operator in the core of

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Outlook

State of the Art

See what is profitable, research opportunities matching our

objectives

Integrating Sessions: Requirements

Sessions are split, advantages and requirements to integrate

them

4G Proposed Architecture and Session Setup Support

Design needed aspects, session setup techniques in different

scenarios

Signaling

Closes the solution, important for understanding simulations

Validation

Methods, rules to design 4G networks

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Outlook

Introduction

State of the Art

See what is profitable, research opportunities

matching our objectives

Session Setup Techniques

IMS 4G

Integrating Sessions: Requirements

4G Proposed Architecture and Session Setup Support Signaling

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IETF session setup solutions

RSVP: offer + answer. To setup transport

sessions. Few parameters, simple model

In the IntServ framework

In the “application” layer:

SIP & SDP (+SDPng) very adequate, plus

mechanisms (RFCs) to coordinate SIP and QoS setup

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IMS

ISC Interface SIP/SDP IPv6 HSS UTRAN SGSN GGSN Home Subscriber Server P-CSCF Application Server or OSA Gateway

IMS

SIP/SDP IMS signalling IP Flows S-CSCF UE _PDF SIP proxy infrastructure (CSCFs) integrated with 3G networks elements (HSS, GGSN -via the PDF-)

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4G research efforts

Research efforts such as mobility, QoS and

AAA in IP(v6) based networks

Many existing solutions, challenge to

integrate them

Tests show that 4G can support Multimedia

applications (which are the main

applications concerned with session setup)

Some works about session setup, but

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State of the art vs. thesis innovation &

objectives

IMS already fulfils our idea

Semi walled garden business model

But there is room to fit our research

objectives:

Enhance and migrate IMS it to 4G networks with many access technologies

Support “non proxied” applications (e-mail) From partial 4G solutions to a complete

framework

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Outlook

Introduction State of the Art

Integrating Sessions: Requirements Sessions are split, advantages and

requirements to integrate them

Sessions in the different entities

Business models, Session Integration

Users’ Profiles

Validation Conclusions

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The 4 entities

They control different aspects of the

subsessions standing for a service

Conferees (e.g. caller & callee in

phone calls)

VASPs: Services providers (they are

also conferees)

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Terminal dependent Parameters: Screen size, processing power… 3rd party resource dependent parameters (network): mean BW, peak BW, error rate… Mix: Codecs to employ,…

Session setup parameters

Network dependent parameters may be priced and related to users’ profiles. Which user profile should be followed when setting up sessions?: The Best, Caller’s one, …?

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Business models, features to achieve

Single sign-on

Unified & non duplicated billing Service bundles, packaging

Need of aggregating sessions

See whether the next-presented business

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Network operator

Trust

relationship

3rd

Party Service Providers 3rd

Party Service Providers

Trust

relationship

Trust

relationship Trust relationship Trust relationship

Internet Business model

Not possible to aggregate sessions and

thus to offer advanced features

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Network operator + Service provider

Trust

relationship

Telephony Business model

Easy to aggregate sessions and offer

advanced features

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3rd

Party Service Providers

Trust

relationship

Semi-walled garden business model

To aggregate sessions and offer advanced

features we to design appropriate

mechanisms in 4G networks (Thesis Topic)

Trust relationship

Network operator

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Users’ Profiles

The NVUP. More complex than flat rates? Deutsche Telekom President: “create different

QoS classes”…

but “Interface” to the users simple (flat rates) A problem: Application profiles may differ

with NVUP. Example:

NVUP discount on AF traffic from 20:00 to 8:00. News Streaming: Discount from 21:00 to 7:00 One of the pieces needed to solve it: the

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Conclusions

Benefits of Semi-walled garden model QoS-enabled data transport seen as

another service

Need to integrate services’ sessions Cost sharing

User profiles, NVUP; and the SVUP as a

way to integrate all the profiles

Need also to support Internet model and

non IMS applications, coexistence

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Outlook

4G Proposed Architecture and Session

Setup Support

Design needed aspects, session setup

techniques in different scenarios

Systems

Orchestration

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CN Internet AN

Systems

QoSB QoSB MMSP MMSP AA AAA

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CN Internet AN

Systems-QoS

QoSB QoSB MMSP MMSP AA AA

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QoS System modules

Control network usage not only for QoS but also for SLAs issues e.g. police NVUP: B.E.<64 kbps QoSBrokers, Hierarchical

Push fine QoS control to the “edges”

QoSBroker: PDP (like IMS PDF) + network

management _extra _{QoS handling possibilities}

Proposal specialize QoSBroker in network management and not in user control

But still QoS tailored to users and applications thanks to

interactions with AAA and MMSP

Implicit signaling… and QoSB gets user related data

from AAA

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DiffServ CN No access control, No session No need of flow-user association Internet IntServ like AN, Access IntServ like AN QoS Broker QoS Broker QoS Broker ER ER ER ER CR CR CR CR Measurement system Measurement system MMSP VASP

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CN Internet

AN

Systems-MMSP

Multi Media Service provisioning Platform (i.e. SIP proxies)

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MMSP modules

Like in IMS, hierarchical split: AN-MMSP,

CN-MMSP

Match with the QoS split

P-CSCF + S-CSCF in the AN-MMSP

AN-MMSP does the QoS SETUP and needs

to keep its state (no need in IMS since we have only QoS policy transfer) _Extra

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CN CN AN MMSP MMSP Internet AAA system (registrar service) QoS system AAA System VASP Users AN MMSP AN MMSP MMSP AN MMSP

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CN Internet AN

Systems-AAA

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AAA modules & decentralization

proposal

Aggregates the sessions other entities produce NAS: access session, user-packet mapping

Decentralization: Not thesis main goal but it’s an important aspect to handle

Decentralize accounting and authorization: Delegation to AN-AA server:

Diameter credit control credit server. Plus accounting

consolidation

Authorization by transfer of selected parts of the user

profile (SAML). Concerns in roaming

Authentication keeps being centralized in the CN_AAA home server

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DiffServ CN IntServ like AN AA AAA Internet MMSP QoS System MMSP VASP

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Orchestration

Authorization or distribution of users

profiles?

Proposal: deliver profiles to MMSP and

QoSBroker. They are trusted and may

represent a big % of the total subsessions & services

AAA Client and AAA system to understand services

delivering parts of the user profile to not

fully trusted AAA clients (service providers)

Performance KO Privacy KO

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Orchestration

Several possibilities to authorize transport

and services:

MMSPAAA, MMSPQoSB

MMSP obtains all the relevant user data from the

AAA and then can ask for user and application tailored QoS

VASPAAA, VASPQoSB, QoSBAAA

the AAA does not need to deliver user profile to the

VASPs who, still, can ask for QoS to the QoSB. QoSB will obtain the missing data from the AAA

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Orchestration

AAA as sole network contact point:

VASPAAA, TerminalQoSB, QoSBAAA “Internet” scenarios

No entity informs the AAA about the

application, QoS based on NVUP

TerminalAAA (registration, done in every scenario)

TerminalQoSB, QoSBAAA

Thanks to the QoSB-AAA interaction we

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Conclusion

Holistic approach

Solutions to give coherence to the session

setup split presented before

Many scenarios and possibilities evaluated

(complete the evaluation with simulation)

Coexistence of the several proposals and

heterogeneous environments

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Outlook

Introduction

State of the Art

4G Proposed Architecture and Session Setup Support

Signaling

Closes the solution

Validation

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Contributions summary

Standard protocols enhanced to fit our

needs and to co-operate between them

Session identification and its exchange Aggregation of sessions

Heterogeneous QoS and NAS sessions

supported

Registration

Setup in MMSP, VASP, Internet scenarios SAML allows transferring user profile to

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Outlook

Validation

Methods to design 4G networks

Simulation scenario

Test results for the “MN and MMSP strategies”

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Scenario

The 4 CNs

CN CN CN CN

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Scenario

1 of the 4 CNs

Internet AN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN QoSB MMSP AAA

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Scenario

1 of the 32 ANs

CN QoSB MMSP AA

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System load

Nodes processing speed calculated to

support 64 calls/s

AN-MMSP calculations for the MN strategy

1 major Test

Several measurements 2 minor tests

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Call setup time…

the system is overloaded!!

Tiempos de inicio, fin y duración del establecimiento de las llamadas.

64 llamadas/s. Estrategia "MMSP" L la m a d a s ( o rd e n a d a s p o r ti e m p o d e i n ic io )

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However, no node is overloaded!!

e.g. procesing time in the AN-AA…

Tiempo de procesamiento de los mensajes en un AN-AA

64 llamadas/s. Estrategia MMSP. Cada punto es un mensaje

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Tiempo de de entrada del mensaje (s)

T ie m p o d e p ro c e s a m ie n to d e l m e n s a je ( s )

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… but the AN-MMSP in the MMSP

strategy

Tiempo de procesamiento de los mensajes en un AN-MMSP.

64 llamadas/s. Estrategia MMSP. Cada punto es un mensaje

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 T ie m p o d e p ro c e s o d e l m e n s a je ( s )

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System Load

No node overload but the system is

overloaded (session setup time increases)

Other tests

Minimum load

!= in setup time between the 2 strategies <=> the

AN-MMSP speed

maximum stable load

this difference is bigger (45%)

Effects of nodes on each other in a

complex architecture

Need for simulations, analytical results not

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Peak of calls

Call rate low rate,

high rate, (during 1 s) low rate

Measurements

Session setup time

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Call Setup time. MMSP strategy

Tiempo de establecimiento de las llamadas.

Pico de llamadas. Estrategia MMSP

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82

Tiempo de inicio de la llamada (s)

T ie m p o d e e s ta b le c im ie n to ( s )

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Call Setup time. MN strategy

…lower peak and shorter time to recover

Tiempo de establecimiento de las llamadas.

Pico de llamadas. Estrategia MMSP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T ie m p o d e p ro c e s a m ie n to ( s )

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The CN nodes present a peak...

Tiempo de procesamiento de los mensajes en un CN-AAA. Pico de llamadas. Cada punto es un mensaje. Estrategia MN 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82

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…and not the AN ones

Tiempo de procesamiento de los mensajes en un AN-MMSP. Pico de llamadas. Cada punto es un mensaje. Estrategia MN

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 T ie m p o d e p ro c e s o d e l m e n s a je ( s )

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But for the AN-MMSP in the MMSP

strategy

Tiempo de procesamiento de los mensajes en un AN-MMSP. Pico de llamadas. Cada punto es un mensaje. Estrategia MMSP

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tiempo de entrada del mensaje (s)

T ie m p o d e p ro c e s o d e l m e n s a je ( s )

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Peak of calls

AN-CN split advantage, peak present only

in central nodes

Influence of the AN-MMSP in “recovering”:

in the “MMSP strategy” it presents a

processing time peak and this “strategy” takes more time to “recover”

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Conclusion, methods to design 4G

1st holistic simulation

Many nodes interacting, analytical

approach not enough even in our small model

Benefits of the hierarchical approach (peak

of calls)

Bottle necks: nodes with many interactions

(AN-MMSP)=> reduce their load=> SIP routing at CN-MMSP

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Outlook

State of the Art

See what is profitable, research opportunities matching our

objectives

Sessions are split, advantages and requirements to integrate them 4G Proposed Architecture and Session Setup Support

Design needed aspects, session setup techniques in different

scenarios

Signaling

Closes the solution, important for understanding simulations Validation

(57)

Conclusions

IMS evolution and enhancement towards

4G

First holistic 4G framework covering

several scenarios, entities, systems…

Semiwalled model achieved but keeping

Internet paradigm: transport and service separation

Other scenarios supported

Design decisions & approaches compared

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Conclusion, avenues for research

Multiparty calls, mobility=> extend our

framework

Anonimization, pseudonyms: single sign

on vs. not tracking user activity

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Conclusion, forecast for our proposal

Consumers’ preferences determine all

the aspects in the business (stop vs. non stop flights costs vs. price)

Users need to find any advantage in the

services

Our framework is a service provisioning

platform that may help create better services accepted by the users …

Or just compete in price but keeping

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Contribución al Desarrollo de Soluciones

Para la Integración de Métodos de

Establecimiento de Sesión en Redes 4G

(

(ContributionContribution toto DesigningDesigning SuitableSuitable Session

Session SetupSetup SolutionsSolutions in 4G in 4G NetworksNetworks))

Autor: D. Antonio Cuevas Casado

Director: Dr. José Ignacio Moreno Novella

TESIS DOCTORAL

Departamento de Ingeniería Telemática