SCIENCE 20: UNIT C
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW
(51 marks)
Chapter 2: A Tropical Alberta
(1 mark) 1. The correct order of steps in the process of fossilization is
A. preservation, burial, death, discovery, life, recovery B. discovery, recovery, life, death, burial, preservation C. life, death, burial, preservation, discovery, recovery D. burial, death, life, discovery, recovery, preservation
(1 mark) 2. The Burgess Shale provides evidence that organisms fossilized in it were once
A. part of an ice age
B. inhabiting a shallow area along the edge of a tropical sea C. living in the middle of an open prairie
D. living high up on a mountain
(1 mark) 3. Scientists believe that the event known as the Cambrian Explosion occurred because
A. the air temperature finally warmed up to levels able to support life
B. water vapour had condensed by this time to form pools of water where life could begin
C. oxygen first began to be produced about this time
D. oxygen levels reached a high enough concentration to support the more active metabolism of mobile organisms
(1 mark) 4. Fossils in the Burgess Shale are not arranged in an orderly way because
A. they were buried over different time periods
B. the mud avalanche that buried them caused the fossils to lie in a disorderly fashion
C. the shale was composed of large chunks of rock that knocked the fossils into different positions
(1 mark) 5. A shell has dissolved and left a cavity in sandstone. What type of fossil is it?
A. actual remains B. cast
C. imprint D. mould
(1 mark) 6. The calcified shape of a soft-fleshed crinoid is found inside a layer of sandstone.
What type of fossil is it?
A. actual remains B. cast
C. imprint D. mould
(1 mark) 7. In which type of rock are most fossils found?
A. igneous B. deciduous C. metamorphic D. sedimentary
(1 mark) 8. A major life form of the Cambrian Period was
A. clams B. sharks C. trilobites D. deciduous trees
(2 marks) 9. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank
space given.
i. fossil ii. fossilization iii. trace fossil iv. shale
a. evidence in a rock of an organism’s presence
b. evidence of or remains of ancient life preserved in Earth’s crust c. the process by which any trace of the existence of ancient life is
preserved within rock
d. a common type of sedimentary rock formed from the deposition of layers of fine silt and clay particles
(3 marks) 10. The organisms that formed the fossils of the Burgess Shale were first submerged in
(1 mark) 11. According to the most accepted theory, petroleum formed from
A. plankton that died and settled to the bottom of the warm tropical sea B. plant matter that died and decayed
C. bacteria that consumed the plankton
D. shelled animals that collected at the bottom of the ocean
(1 mark) 12. The significance of the time period from the beginning of the Ordovician Period to
the end of the Devonian Period for Alberta is
A. the region that is now Alberta was under a warm, tropical sea for much of the time
B. the remains of microscopic sea organisms built up on the sea bed during this time
C. the remains of microscopic sea organisms became the building blocks of Alberta’s petroleum deposits
D. all of the above
(1 mark) 13. Which of the following elements are thought to have been removed from organic
matter by bacteria before it became petroleum?
A. carbon and oxygen B. carbon and hydrogen C. nitrogen and oxygen D. hydrogen and oxygen
The following statements describe the process of creating a seismogram by using explosives and recording equipment.
I. Geophones convert seismic waves to electric signals. II. Explosives generate waves that travel through the rock. III. Electric signals are processed by a computer.
IV. Waves reflect off boundaries of rock layers and return to the surface.
(1 mark) 14. To produce a seismogram, the correct order of the statements is
A. II, III, I, IV B. I, II, III, IV C. IV, II, III, I D. II, IV, I, III
(3 marks) 15. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank
space given.
i. petroleum trap ii. drill core iii. seismogram
iv. reef v. seismograph vi. seismic
a. relating to waves that travel through Earth as a result of explosions or earthquakes
b. a large concentration of petroleum confined between layers of impermeable shale
c. an instrument that records seismic waves
d. a submerged ridge of rock, sand, or coral that rises to the surface e. a cylindrical sample of subsurface rock taken for analysis during
drilling operations
f. a record of seismic waves provided by a seismograph
(2 marks) 16. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the
blank space given.
a. Fossils provide information about past environmental conditions. b. Organisms that became Alberta’s petroleum thrived during the
Devonian Period.
c. The larger the speed difference of a seismic wave travelling through materials of different densities, the smaller the wave’s angle of reflection.
d. Many geologists believe liquid petroleum formed from microscopic marine organisms.
beneath the surface.
(1 mark) 18. Which statement is not true of P-waves?
A. They result from an earthquake. B. They are slower than S-waves. C. They are longitudinal waves.
D. They can move through solids and liquids.
Use the following information to answer question 19.
Seismograph
Station S-P Interval (s)
Distance to Epicentre (km)
Maximum Amplitude of S-waves (mm)
Station A 23 200 22
Station B 30 260 15
Station C 40 360 7
(1 mark) 19. The magnitude of the earthquake is approximately
A. 2.0 B. 3.0 C. 4.0 D. 5.0
earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0?
A. 10 B. 100 C. 1000 D. 10 000
Use the following map to answer question 21.
(1 mark) 21. The epicentre of the earthquake is
A. Geoffreyville B. Knotsville C. Station C D. Distance City
(1 mark) 22. The P-wave and S-wave shadow zones show which of the following?
A. Earth is completely solid.
B. Earth is not uniformly solid from its crust to its centre. C. P-waves cannot travel through rock.
D. S-waves cannot travel through rock.
A. Two plates move apart.
B. Two plates grind past each other. C. One plate subducts under another plate. D. Two plates do not move.
(4
marks) 24. Match each description with the appropriate term listed. Place your answer in the blank space given.
i. fault ii. epicentre iii. subduction
iv. focus v. P-wave vi. S-wave
vii. amplitude viii. Richter magnitude
a. maximum displacement of a wave from the rest position b. the region that first breaks along a fault during an earthquake c. the downturning of one crustal plate under another
d. a seismic wave that travels through rock as a series of crests and troughs
e. a crack in Earth’s crust due to the motion of one tectonic plate relative to another
f. a number assigned to an earthquake based on the amount of vertical ground motion at its epicentre
g. a seismic wave that travels through rock as a series of compressions and expansions of particles
h. the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus
(2 marks) 25. Describe two measurements you need to know to determine the magnitude of an
earthquake by using a Richter magnitude chart.
(2 marks) 26. Explain why oceanic crust subducts under continental crust.
(3 marks) 27. What process do scientists think is causing the movement of Earth’s tectonic
plates? Name one other place where this process is occurring naturally.
(1 mark) 28. Where do most earthquakes occur?
A. in the Northern Hemisphere B. in the Southern Hemisphere C. along the equator
D. along plate boundaries
large plates?
A. theory of subduction B. theory of plate tectonics C. theory of Pangaea
D. theory of Permian Extinction
(1 mark) 30. Which of the following is a theory stating that one plate is forced beneath
another plate?
A. theory of subduction B. theory of plate tectonics C. theory of Pangaea
D. theory of Permian Extinction
(2 marks) 31. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Place your answer in the
blank space given.
a. During subduction, the continental crustal plate is forced beneath the oceanic crustal plate.
b. Pangaea is the name for the supercontinent that geologists believe existed about 250 million years ago.
c. The rate of sea-floor spreading is balanced by the rate of sea-floor subduction.
d. A ridge is formed where the flow of two convection cells is toward Earth’s interior.
(2 marks) 32. Provide two geological explanations for the Permian Extinction.
(2 marks) 33. Describe two features suggesting that the continents of South America and Africa
