APES Unit I Review Test Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. An environmentally sustainable society
a. manages its economy and population size without doing irreparable environmental harm. b. satisfies the needs of its people by harvesting without depleting Earth's capital.
c. protects the prospects of future generations of humans and other species.
d. meets the needs of its people without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. e. all of these answers.
____ 2. If the world's population grew by 2% in 1998 and continued at that rate, how long would it take Earth's population to double?
a. 20 years b. 25 years c. 30 years d. 35 years e. 45 years
____ 3. Which of the following statements best illustrates the tragedy of the commons? a. Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic.
b. Some levels of pollution are life threatening.
c. Some activities harm the environment, but others do not. d. Irrigated cropland can be ruined by salinization.
e. Allocation of all nuclear wastes to one site in Nevada.
____ 4. Which of the following is not important in determining the damage produced by a pollutant? a. concentration
b. persistence c. origin
d. chemical nature e. rate of degradation
____ 5. The community knew the effects of Chemical X alone. They set a safe limit for its use. The community knew the effects of Chemical Z alone. They set a safe limit for its use. Unfortunately, both chemicals were released into the environment at their safe levels and there were massive fish kills. The most probable explanation was the occurrence of
a. homeostasis.
b. a synergistic interaction. c. negative feedback. d. positive feedback. e. chaos.
____ 6. A eukaryotic cell contains a. a membrane-bound nucleus. b. organelles.
____ 7. In order to make one plastic soda bottle, approximately 100 liters of crude oil are used (including raw materials for plastic, fuel, etc.), 100 kilograms of steel, 100 liters of water, and various amounts of other materials. Which of the following describes this situation?
a. plastic bottles have a high resource productivity b. plastic bottles have a low material efficiency c. plastic bottles represent an efficient use of resources
d. most of the matter used to manufacture plastic bottles ends up in the bottle e. None of these answers.
____ 8. All of the following are broken down by biological action
except
a. sewage.b. litter in the environment. c. lead and mercury. d. organic garbage. e. litter and sewage.
____ 9. In an energy transformation, some of the energy usually ends up as a. heat energy that flows into the environment.
b. mechanical energy that performs useful work. c. chemical energy that performs useful work. d. electrical energy that performs useful work. e. molecular energy that performs useful work.
____ 10. The following choices list levels of organization of matter that claim the attention of ecologists. Which correctly lists these levels in sequence from narrower to broader focus?
a. organisms-populations-communities-ecosystems-ecosphere b. organisms-communities-populations-ecosystems-ecosphere c. organisms-populations-communities-ecosphere-ecosystems d. ecosphere-ecosystems-communities-populations-organisms e. ecosphere-populations-communities-ecosystems-organisms
____ 11. Which of the following statements is
false?
a. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth is immediately reflected back to space. b. A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emanates from the sun.
c. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth warms the land and lower atmosphere, runs cycles of matter, and generates winds.
d. Less than 1% of sunlight is captured via photosynthesis. e. None of these answers.
____ 12. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is a. soil type.
b. topography. c. magnetic fields. d. climate. e. longitude.
____ 13. The zone in which no member of a population can live is called the a. zone of intolerance
____ 14. In the field, you observe a lion chase, kill, and eat a gazelle. A vulture pecks away at the left over meat scraps. Beetles attack the remaining fragments. Finally, bacteria complete the breakdown and recycling of organic material. If you were to apply a general classification to the feeders, what would be the correct sequence?
a. decomposer scavenger detritus feeder carnivore b. carnivoredetritus feederscavengerdecomposer c. carnivorescavengerdetritus feederdecomposer d. carnivore scavenger decomposer detritus feeder e. decomposer detritus feeder scavenger carnivore
____ 15. Anaerobic respiration may produce all of the following
except
a. methane gas.b. hydrogen sulfide.
c. carbon dioxide and water. d. ethyl alcohol.
e. lactic acid.
____ 16. Biodiversity emerges from a. mutations.
b. natural selection. c. extinction.
d. All of these answers. e. None of these answers.
____ 17. The ecological efficiency at each trophic level of a particular ecosystem is 20%. If the green plants of the ecosystem capture 100 units of energy, about ____ units of energy will be available to support herbivores, and about ____ units of energy will be available to support carnivores.
a. 120 . . . 140 b. 120. . . 240 c. 20. . . 2 d. 20. . . 4 e. 20 . . .1
____ 18. Which of the following ecosystems has the lowest level of kilocalories per square meter per year? a. open ocean
b. tropical rain forest c. agricultural land d. lakes and streams e. temperate forest
____ 19. The two ways in which humans have most interfered with the carbon cycle are a. removal of forests and aerobic respiration.
b. aerobic respiration and burning fossil fuels. c. respiration and photosynthesis.
d. burning fossil fuels and removal of forests and brush. e. respiration and removal of forests.
____ 20. Nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria would be expected to occur on the roots of a. pine trees.
____ 21. The form of nitrogen most usable to plants is a. ammonia.
b. nitrogen gas. c. proteins. d. nitrates. e. nitrites.
____ 22. Inorganic nitrogen-containing ions are converted into organic molecules through a. nitrification.
b. nitrogen fixation. c. denitrification. d. assimilation. e. leaching.
____ 23. The major plant nutrient most likely to be a limiting factor is a. phosphorous.
b. calcium. c. manganese. d. potassium. e. nitrogen.
____ 24. Humans add sulfur to the atmosphere by a. refining petroleum.
b. smelting sulfur compounds or metallic minerals. c. burning sulfur-containing fossil fuels.
d. All of these answers. e. None of these answers.
____ 25. Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is
a. vegetarians are healthier due to a lack of
animal fat in their diets d. vegetarians often support conservation efforts that promote forest conservation b. more people can be fed using less agricultural
land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level
e. vegetarian diets often recommend consuming large amounts of tree nuts as a source of protein, which preserves forest habitats c. vegetarians consume fewer calories per person
APES Unit I Review Test Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Living More Sustainably
2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Population Growth, Economic Growth, and Economic Development
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Resources
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Pollution
5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Models and Behavior of Systems
6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Types and Structure of Matter
7. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Types and Structure of Matter
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Energy
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M
TOP: Energy Laws: Two Rules We Cannot Break
10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: The Nature of Ecology
11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: The Earth's Life Support Systems
12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Ecosystem Components
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ecosystem Components
14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Ecosystem Components
15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Ecosystem Components
16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E TOP: Biodiversity
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: M TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: D TOP: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
