Service Provider Architectures

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1

Service Provider Architectures

Enrico Mercadante

Introduction

• Focus For Today

–

Brief Overview of the Market Segmentation and

typical Service Offerings by Service Providers

–

Discussion focusing on Service Provider

architectures and relative technologies

–

Focus will be on Architectures that take

advantage from the IP protocols suite

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3 3 3

Technology and Services

• Technology-driven approach

Technology as driver for Services

Typically: One Network <--supports--> One Service

Example: PSTN, Basic Internet Access

• Service-centric approach

Services as Driver, Technology as Enabler

Typically: One Network <--supports--> Many Services

Example: Integrated Access (Voice/Video/Data)

4 4 4

SPs have to sell Profitable Services

Increase Service

Revenue

Profitability

Cost

Revenue

Reduce Operations Cost

• Increase revenue

• Reduce cost of operations

• Expand addressable market

t

$

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5 5 5 Top Business >500 empl. Residential Soho 1 –5 empl. Small Business 6 - 50 empl. Medium Business 51 - 500 empl. Residential Business Addressable Market for a SP in Italy 6.800 22.000 120.000 1,2 M 20 M

Service Provider

Horizontal Market Segmentation

Different

-Requirements

-Needs

-Budgets

Customer Customer segments segments Services Services Businesses Businesses Residentials Residentials Voice

Voice VideoVideo

Different networks used by... Data / Data / Internet Internet Network 2 Incumbents Network 3 Network 1 Network 2 Cable TVs Network 1

e.BISCOM’S OPERATION STRATEGY

CLECs

Network 1

Many Services, Different Customers,

How many Networks?

New Broadband SP

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7 7 7

Basic Internet Access

Managed Network Access

Managed Firewall

Service

Voice over

Data

VPN

Profit Per

Line

Increasing

Service

Differentiation

Video

Value Added Services

Enable Revenue Generation

8 8 8

Services: Targeting the Customer

Retail

High-Tech Mfg.

Banking

Consumer

Products

Media

Innovators Early Adopters

Healthcare

Energy

Insurance

Industrial Mfg.

Public

Sector

Service Providers

Utilities

Early Majority Late Majority Laggards

Transport

IT

Securities

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9 9 9

Bundling SP Offerings to Meet

Enterprise Needs

à

Vertical Segmentation

Financial Services Financial Financial Services Services Retail and Consumer Retail and Retail and Consumer Consumer Manufacturing Manufacturing

Manufacturing GovernementGovernementGovernement Media and Entertainment Media and Media and Entertainment Entertainment SP Services •Storage •IP VPN •IP Telephony •Managed Hosting •Content Delivery •Unified Communications SP Services •IP VPN •Hosted Applications •IP Telephony •Mobile Wireless •Portals •Content Delivery •Broadband Access (stores) •IP Core •IP Contact Center SP Services •Managed Hosting Services •Hosted Applications •IP VPN •Content Delivery •IP Telephony/ Managed Voice •Broadband Access •Unified Communications •IP Contact Center SP Services •Managed Hosting Services •Storage •Content Delivery •Hosted Applications •IP VPN •IP Contact Center SP Services •Security •Storage •Content Delivery (streaming) •Managed Hosting Services •IP VPN •Mobile Wireless •ATM •Digital Encryption •Digital Asset Management

Services

• When building Services the following tasks must be

taken into account:

Pricing

Billing

Marketing (packaging, advertisement)

Service Level Agreement Monitoring

Fault Management

Service Provisioning

Technology

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Typical Services for Residential Customers

on a IP capable infrastructure

• Voice

Provided Features:

Basic call and Supplementary Srvcs Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)

Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9 ( 1 < MOS <5) Billing: Flat or Time Based

Analogue phone compatibility

• Data

Provided Features:

Data Access/ Public IP address @ committed speed (ex. 56kbps) Reliability <<99%

Billing: Free, Flat or Volume Based

• Video

VCR or DVD quality Reliability 99% # of Channels / Films

Billing: Time Based or Per-Film

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MOS Rating of Digital Voice

Codec

Bit

Rate

MIPs Comp.

Delay(ms)

Framing

Size

MOS

G.711

PCM

₆₄

_.34

_0.75

_0.125

_4.1

G.726

ADPCM

₃₂

₁₃

₁

_0.125

_3.85

G.728

LD-CELP

₁₆

₃₃

_3-5

_0.625

_3.61

G.729

CS-ACELP

₈

₂₀

₁₀

_3.92

G.729a

CS-ACELP

₈

_10.5

₁₀

_3.9

G.723.1

MPMLQ

_6.3

₁₆

₃₀

_3.90

G.723.1

ACELP

_5.3

₁₆

₃₀

_3.8?

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Typical Services for Business

Customers

• Data Service

Provided Features VPN (intranet) Remote Access to VPN Internet Connectivity Managed Security Reliability 99% Billing: Flat

• Voice Service

Provided Features Basic Call Managed PBX

Private Numbering Plan

Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9 Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)

Billing: Flat or Time Based

Example of Internet Connectivity

parameters

IP Transfer Delay

-L (ms)

IP Loss Ratio - P

(%)

Reachability (%)

Average values

75 < L < 85

0 < P < 1,5

99 < R < 100

Optimum range

L < 50

P < 2,5

R > 99

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Virtual Private Networks

Intranet VPN

• Intranet VPN

–Provides interconnections between the customer’s remote sites and corporate intranet/extranet typically using dedicated connections over a shared network

–Used by remote and branch offices to connect to headquarters

Main Office

POP

Internet/

IP, FR, ATM POP

Service Provider Remote Office Branch Office 16 16 16

Virtual Private Networks

Extranet VPN

• Extranet VPN

–Extends corporate intranet services to suppliers, customers, partners or communities of interest over a shared infrastructure typically using dedicated connections over a shared network

–Architecturally comparable to Intranet VPN with additional traffic control, security and interoperability issues

Main Office

POP

Internet/

IP, FR, ATM POP

Service Provider

Remote Office Supplier A

Supplier B Customer

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Virtual Private Networks

Access VPN

• Access VPN

–Provides remote access to corporate intranets/extranets using the shared infrastructure of the service provider(s) but

preserving the policies of a private network

–Used by telecommuters, mobile users or branch offices

POP POP Corporate Intranet Security Server Internet/ IP, FR, ATM Service Provider

Platform Definitions

NAS, Voice Gateway Layer 2 Switch Label Switch Router DSLAM Customer Premises Router

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Functional View of the SP Infrastructure

Customer Premises

Customer Premises POPPOP CORE

Network(s) CORE Network(s) Access Network(s) Access Network(s) CPE CPE

Customer

Network

Customer

Device

Network-1 Network-2 Network-1 Network-2

Customer

Network

Services And Interconnection Services And Interconnection Internet

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

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Residential Customers:

Data (Internet Access) Service

Dial Access

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

PSTN Intermedate CO CO CO POP POP Modem Internet IP Transport Access Network

Access Network Core NetworkCore Network

e.g. POS CO Internet Gateways Internet Gateways NAS

User Authentication/Authorization

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Structure Of The Internet

• Traditional assumption that the Internet was

based on a well ordered provider client

hierarchy.

Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Transit ISP Transit ISP

National ISP National ISP National ISP

Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP

Structure Of The Internet

• The reality is not so ideal

Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Transit ISP Transit ISP

National ISP National ISP National ISP

Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP

• Unordered subset of

interconnects

• Driven by business

requirements underpinned

by performance

• Non-disclosure and

bi-lateral agreements

• Peering is now considered

a corporate asset & legal

concern

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Structure Of The Internet

Thanks to CAIDA http://www.caida.org

• Shows

•

626,773 IP addresses

•

1,007,723 IP links

•

48,302 ( 52%) of globally routable network prefixes

•25,126 peering links

• Reflects some level of

hierarchy

• Clearly shows lack of

order at the periphery

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Residential Customers:

Data (Internet Access) Service

DSL Access

Customer Premises Customer Premises Aggregation Network Aggregation Network Access Network Access Network CPE CPE

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

POP POP xDSL ATM CORE Network CORE Network IP Transport Internet Internet Gateways Internet Gateways DSLAM e.g. POS

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25 25 25

Basic DSL

Services

Max. Data Rate Down/Uplink (bps) VDSL—

Very High Bit Rate DSL 52M/12.0M_{or 8M/8M}

Copper Pairs Required 1 Analog Voice Support Yes Max. Reach (km-feet) .9-10,000 DSL Service ADSL—Asymmetric DSL (CAP, DMT) _8M/0.8MUp to 1 Yes 5.5–20,000

HDSL—High Bit Rate DSL 1.5M–2.0M/ 1.5M–2.0M 2 No 4.6–15,000 SDSL/HDSL2— Symmetric DSL Up to 1.5 Mbps/1.5 Mbps 1 No 6.9–22,000 IDSL—ISDN DSL 144K/144K 1 No 5.5–18,000 ISDN 128K/128K 1 No 5.5–18,000

Provisioning Challenge

Central Office

Voice

Switch

Voice

Switch

DSLAM

Multiple NMS, EMS

Systems

Duration: 1–15 Day

Reseller—

Manual Ordering Processing

Duration: 10–15 Days

Total 20–45 Working Days

CPE Config

1–3 Truckrolls

Duration: 1–2 Weeks

Manual Loop

Qualification

Duration: 3–5 Days

MDF-DSLAM

Cross-Connect

Duration: 2–5 Days

M D F M D F

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Residential/Business Customers:

Data (Internet Access) Service

Ethernet to the Home Access

Customer Premises Customer Premises POP POP Access Network Access Network CPE CPE

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

Gigabit Ethernet CORE Network CORE Network IP Transport _Internet Internet Gateways Internet Gateways e.g. POS Customer Network 28 28 28

In-Building Connectivity

Typical Residential Building

Edge IP Ring

Copper (UTP5) or Fiber Vertical cabling (Ethernet or FE) Residential CPE

Layer 2 Switch in the basement

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Residential/Business Customers:

Data (Internet Access) and Voice Service

Ethernet to the Home Access

Customer Premises Customer Premises POP POP Access Network Access Network CPE CPE

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

V V V Gigabit Ethernet CORE Network CORE Network IP Transport H.323 Gatekeepers Internet e.g. POS Customer Network PSTN V Voice Gateway

Packet-over-SONET/SDH (PoS)

• Point-to-Point Protocol, IETF RFC 1661

• PPP in HDLC- Like Framing, IETF RFC 1662

• PPP over SONET/SDH, IETF RFC 2615

Datagrams

Protocol encapsulation

Error Control

Link Initialization

PPP Packet Delineation

Byte Delineation

IP IP PPP In Byte Synchronous HDLC Framing PPP In Byte Synchronous HDLC Framing SONET/SDH

SONET/SDH

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

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Business Customers:

Data (VPN) Service

ATM/Frame Relay

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

CPE

CPE POPPOP CORECORE

Customer Network Frame Relay or ATM ATM Customer Premises Customer Premises Customer Network Access Access Could also be An IP Core Network Customer Network 32 32 32

Virtual Private Networks

VPN Services/Technologies

Access VPN

Client–Initiated

NAS–Initiated

Intranet /

Extranet VPN

GRE, IPSec, MPLS

Service

Architectures

VPN-enabling

Technologies

L2TP, IPSec,

PPTP

Network Overlays:

•IP Tunnels •Virtual Circuits

Network-Based

Peering:

•MPLS-VPN

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33 33 33 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0.1 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 .5 5 5.5 Km Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s Mbit/s Cable Modem Frame Relay ADSL PON VDSL 1000 Mbit/s

Access Technologies- Distance

SDH Dedicated lines Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s 100 GE LX GE SX

∼∼

Shared Wireless LAN

Mbit/s Mbit/s 10BASE TX 100BASE TX 100BASE FL 100BASE SX

Business Customers:

Data (VPN) Service

IP-VPN (MPLS-VPN)

Customer Premises Customer Premises POP POP CORE Network CORE Network Access Network Access Network CPE (CE router) CPE (CE router) IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR MPLS CORE

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

Customer Network Customer Network Customer Network PE router e.g. POS

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VPN-IP Address Format

VPN-ID

IP Address/Mask Length

0.1.0.99

0.1.0.99 130.101.0.0/16

130.101.0.0/16

General Format

VPN-IPv4 Example

• VPN-ID is a 64-bit customer identifier

Never carried on packets, only in Label tables

Two formats (Autonomous System No./ subfield) or

(IP Address/ subfield)

• Each customer network can use

Registered IP addresses

Illegal, unregistered addresses

Private addresses (RFC 1918), e.g. 10.x.x.x

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Business Customers:

Voice (PBX interconnection) Service

Interconnection through Leased Line

Customer Premises Customer Premises Access Network(s) Access Network(s) CPE CPE

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

PBX PBX PBX PBX TDM MUX TDM transport TDM MUX PSTN

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37 37 37

Business Customers:

Voice (PBX interconnection) Service

Interconnection through VoIP

Access Network

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

Customer Premises Customer

Premises CPECPE

PBX PBX PBX PBX V V IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR POP POP CORE Network CORE Network IP Transport e.g. POS

Business Customers:

Voice; Data VPN; Internet Access

Voice VPN with Leased Line+Data VPN with FR

CPE

CPE POPPOP CORECORE

Customer Network

Frame Relay ATM

Customer Premises Customer Premises Customer Network Access Networks Access Networks Customer Network PBX PBX PBX PBX TDM TDM transport TDM MUX TDM transport Internet

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PSTN

Business Customers:

Voice; Data VPN; Internet Access

Integrated Access with MPLS-VPN and H.323 VoIP

POP POP CORE Network CORE Network Access Network Access Network CPE CPE IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR MPLS CORE + H.323 Gatekeepers

Operation Support / Business Support Systems

PE router Customer Network Customer Premises Customer Premises Customer Network Customer Network PBX PBX PBX PBX V V Internet V Voice Gateway