General Area Crop Progress
Corn planting is wrapping up with work being done on days between scattered thunderstorms. Grain sorghum and soybeans will be seeded soon. Wheat is pro- gressing rapidly with sufficient moisture and some warm days. Fields should be scouted often for insects and plant disease. Aphids are present in most fields and there have been reports of winter grain mites but most fields do not reach economic threshold for treatment. Some fields were sprayed for insects as herbicides or ferti- lizers were already being applied and it was added to the tank mix. The treatment
thresholds for aphids in 6-12 inch tall wheat are in the 100’s per row foot.
Viral diseases, such as barley yellow dwarf; symptoms have been low and aphid parasites can also be found in fields. Tiny parasitic wasps keep down the aphid populations. Figure 1 has an image of a brown parasitized or “mummy” aphid. Also look for ladybugs to control aphids. Many times it is easier to spot the lady bugs in a field before the aphids.
Figure 1. Aphids in wheat with a par- asitized aphid on the left.
Figure 2. Stripe Rust on leaves Wheat, depending on variety; is at growth stage 7 – 8 with the flag leaf just emerging in the earlier maturities.
Stripe rust is progressing in south Texas and we are seeing disease in our border rows that are planted to stripe rust susceptible varieties. Fig- ure 2 shows a few leaves from Green- ville that have stripe rust. Susceptible varieties should be treated with a fungicide as wet weather and temperatures below 70° F are in the forecast. There are also reports of stripe rust in the popular variety AGS 2055. In our environment both stripe and leaf rust can rob yields and fields should be checked even if varieties have been resistant in the past. In the case of AGS 2055 treatment for stripe rust in an infested field is warranted. One inexpen- sive treatment will probably take care of this variety as it is one of the most leaf rust resistant varieties on the market. Other varieties may need a second treatment later in the season, with the flag leaf not completely emerged any treatment now would need to span a large time period to protect for both rusts. Annual fungicide trials show the products with two or more active ingredients give the longest period of protection and usually correspond to higher yields in annual trials The 2020 disease ratings for soft red winter wheat varieties are on page 2. The leaf rust trials from 2017 and 2019 are on pages 3 & 4 to look at some timings and products.
Mar. 27, 2021 Vol. 5 Issue 3
General Area Crop
Progress 1
2020 SRWW Variety Characteristics 2
2019 Leaf Rust Fungi-
cide Trial 3
2017 Leaf Rust Fungi-
cide Trial 4
2020 Industrial Hemp in Commerce
5
Texas Speaks 8
Calendar of Events COVID-19 Links
9 Inside this issue:
David Drake Extension—IPM [email protected] 903-468-3295
Table 1. 2020 Soft Red Winter Wheat Variety Characteristics from http://VarietyTestingTamu/wheat
Table 2. 2018-19 Wheat @ Howe, TX (Norman Farms, Cooperator) Leaf Rust Fungicide Comparison Study March 27, 2019 applied “GS 3-5” Treat- ment; @ Feekes 4; No disease April 12, 2019 applied “GS 5-7” Treatments; @ Feekes 9 (flagleaf fully emerged); No disease April 26, 2019 applied “GS 8-10”
Treatments@ Feekes 10.5; No disease
TREATMENTS1
Leaf Rust Infection Flag Leaf
(%) 5/13/19
Leaf Rust Infection Flag Leaf
(%) 5/23/19
Green Leaves2
(0-4)
5/23/2019
Yield 13% Mois-
ture (bu/ac)
Test Weight (lb/bu)
Thousand Kernel Weight (grams)
Untreated Check 60.0 e 100.0 f 0.0 e 59.5 i 53.3 h
Priaxor @ 2 oz/A(GS 5-7) fb Nexicor @ 7 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.9 ab 84.9 ab 57.4 a
Nexicor @ 7 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.5 ab 81.5 a-e 56.8 a-e
BAS 751 @ 7 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.6 ab 83.7 abc 57.2 abc
BAS 753 @ 8 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.1 ab 84.8 ab 57.3 ab
BAS 753 @ 4 oz/A(GS 5-7) fbBAS 753 @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.1 a-d 82.4 a-d 57.0 a-d
TebuStar 3.6 L @ 4 oz/A(GS 5-7) 13.8 b 35.0 d 1.1 b-e 75.2 c-h 55.8 ef
TebuStar 3.6 L @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.1 a-d 77.8 a-g 56.3 b-e
TebuStar 3.6 L @ 2 oz/A(GS 5-7) fb TebuStar 3.6 L @ 2 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.3 ab 79.0 a-f 56.2 b-e
Absolute Maxx @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.1 ab 82.9 a-d 56.3 b-e
Stratego YLD @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 16.3 bc 3.3 ab 79.9 a-f 56.2 b-e
Prosaro 421SC @ 6.5 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.3 ab 77.8 a-g 56.2 b-e
Prosaro 421SC @ 3.25 oz/A(GS 5-7)fb
Prosaro 421SC @ 3.25 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.9 ab 82.0 a-d 56.1 cde
Alto 100SL @ 3 oz/A(GS 5-7)fb
Trivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.5 a 83.2 abc 57.3 ab Trivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v(GS 5-7) 0.0 a 7.0 a 1.8 a-e 74.6 d-h 55.9 ef Trivapro @ 9.5 oz/A+ COC @ 1% v/v(GS 5-7)fb
Alto 100SL @ 3 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 2.9 ab 80.0 a-f 56.4 b-e
Trivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.0 ab 83.6 abc 56.7 a-e Trivapro @ 9.5 oz/A+ COC @ 1% v/v(GS 5-7)fb
Trivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.3 ab 85.8 a 57.1 abc Alto 100 SL @ 3 oz/A(GS 5-7)fb Tilt 3.6 EC @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 11.3 ab 1.9 a-e 78.0 a-g 55.7 ef
Alto 100 SL @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 1.3 a 2.9 ab 82.6 a-d 56.2 cde
Tilt 3.6 EC @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 21.3 c 2.6 ab 80.2 a-e 56.0 de
Alto 100 SL @ 3 oz/A + Tilt 3.6 EC @ 4 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.0 a 1.3 a 2.3 abc 76.8 b-g 56.1 cde
Topguard @ 5 oz/A(GS 3-5) 30.0 cd 95.0 ef 0.3 cde 70.2 gh 54.8 g
Topguard @ 5 oz/A + Affinity BS @ 0.4 oz/A(GS 3-5) 33.8 d 92.5 ef 0.4 cde 68.4 h 54.8 g
Topguard @ 10 oz/A(GS 3-5) 26.3 c 90.0 e 0.4 cde 71.9 fgh 55.1 fg
Topguard @ 5 oz/A + Affinity BS @ 0.4 oz/A + 28% Nitrogen(GS 3-5) 30.0 cd 97.5 ef 0.1 de 62.9 i 53.9 h Topguard @ 5 oz/A(GS 3-5)fbTopguard EQ @ 5 oz/A(GS 8-10) 1.5 a 32.5 d 2.0 a-d 77.9 a-g 56.2 cde
Topguard @ 5 oz/A + Affinity BS @ 0.4 oz/A(GS 3-5) fb
Topguard EQ @ 5 oz/A(GS 8-10) 1.3 a 36.3 d 1.6 a-e 75.9 c-g 55.9 ef
Topguard EQ @ 5 oz/A(GS 8-10) 0.8 a 35.0 d 1.4 a-e 73.5 e-h 56.2 cde
LSD (P = .05) 3.48 6.61 1.19 4.76 0.62
CV (%) 36.34 20.29 39.36 5.36 0.96
GRAND MEAN 6.80 23.17 2.15 77.82 56.07
Table 3. 17-14. 2016-17 Wheat @ Greenville, TX January 27, 2017 applied “tillering” Treatment; tillering March 22, 2017 applied “GS 6-7” Treatments; Wheat @ Feekes 6 April 7, 2017 applied “GS 9-10” Treatments;
Leaf Rust Fungicide Comparison Study
Wheat Variety
Terral TV 8861TREATMENTS1
Leaf Rust Infection on Flag Leaf (%) April 28, 2017
Test Weight (lb/bu)
Yield (bu/ac)
Thousand Kernel Weight (grams)
Untreated Check
100.0 d 55.1 b 18.7 h 27.8 iTilt 3.6 EC @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 66.7 c 58.0 a 39.1 g 31.9 hTebuStar 3.6 L @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.7 a 43.7 efg 33.4 e-hAbsolute Maxx @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.7 a 48.3 def 34.1 c-fStratego YLD @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 46.7 b 58.3 a 40.4 fg 32.3 ghProsaro 421 SC @ 6.5 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.6 a 44.3 efg 33.1 fghProsaro 421 SC @ 3.25 oz/A
(GS 6-7)fbProsaro 421 SC @ 3.25 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.8 a 58.8 a 58.5 abc 35.2 abcAproach @ 3 oz/A
(tillering)fbAproach Prima 2.34 SC @ 6.8 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.2 a 52.7 cd 34.0 c-gAproach Prima 2.34 SC @ 6.8 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.6 a 47.8 def 33.9 c-gNexicor @ 7 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 5.0 a 58.8 a 48.3 def 33.7 c-gPriaxor @ 2 oz/A
(GS 6-7)fbNexicor @ 7 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 3.3 a 58.9 a 61.8 ab 36.0 aNexicor @ 3.5 oz/A
(GS 6-7)fbNexicor @ 7 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 3.3 a 59.0 a 65.6 ab 35.8 abF9654-1 @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 40.0 b 59.0 a 45.3 d-g 33.0 fghF9654-1 @ 5 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 40.0 b 59.0 a 44.2 efg 33.7 c-gTopguard EQ @ 5 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.5 a 59.3 a 48.7 def 34.0 c-gAlto 100 SL @ 3 oz/A
(GS 6-7)fbTrivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.9 a 58.6 abc 35.3 abcTrivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 6-7) 48.3 b 58.3 a 59.6 abc 34.7 a-fTrivapro @ 9 oz/A+ COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 6-7)fbAlto 100 SL @ 3 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.5 a 64.8 ab 35.1 a-dTrivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 59.1 a 50.5 de 34.3 b-fTrivapro @ 9 oz/A+ COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 6-7)fbTrivapro @ 13.7 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.6 a 66.3 a 35.8 abQuilt Xcel @ 10.5 oz/A + COC @ 1% v/v
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.4 a 44.0 efg 33.4 d-hTilt @ 4 oz/A
(GS 6-7)fbAlto 100 SL @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 0.0 a 58.8 a 57.9 bc 34.9 a-eAlto 100 SL @ 4 oz/A
(GS 9-10) 1.7 a 58.6 a 44.7 d-g 33.3 e-hLSD (P = .05) 6.94 0.98 5.18 1.05
CV (%) 39.18 1.47 9.01 2.7
GRAND MEAN 15.5 58.5 50.2 33.9
1Unless otherwise indicated, Preference @ 0.25% v/v added to treatments, COC (Agri-Dex)
Industrial Hemp Trial in Northeast Texas 2020 David Drake, Russell Sutton, Amy Braley
Permits for cultivation of Industrial Hemp in Texas were issued in May of 2020. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension and Research conducted fee based trials of industrial hemp for fiber, seed, and CBC production. Four fiber varieties were entered in a trial in Commerce, TX in 2020.
The 14 row plots were seeded on June 26, 2020 with a grain drill making 30ft X 10ft plots with 4 replications in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Plots were irrigated by sprinkler for germination and plots were rainfed afterward. Weeds became a problem and an area of 7 rows in the plots were hand weeded to protect the experiment. Insects also became a problem later in the season with grasshoppers, plant bugs, fall armyworms, and aphids feeding on the plants. Grasshoppers and fall armyworms were sprayed as an experimental non- labeled application to protect the plots on September 12th. Plots were harvested on Dec. 9 2020 by removing whole plants and separating into stems and leaves and seeds and weighing. Plant materials were not tested for cannabinoid content and profile. Tests were conducted at other locations and information can be found on the TAMU Lubbock Research and Extension Center webpage.
Table 1 Agronomic Evaluation of Industrial Hemp in Commerce, TX during 2020. Numbers are from the best plot/variety and are ex- tremely low compared to expectations of a 6-8 ft tall crop with biomass yields of 6000 lbs/acre.
Yield Limiting Factors
Late planting and poor heat tolerance especially in the case of one variety which had excellent seeding vigor but flowered early and died out in the heat of July and August. Varieties were not uniform. Many had plants of varying color from green to purple. Height and ma- turity differed and even in December some had green plants. Weed control and insects were difficult to control and few labeled options for crop protection products exist. There was a portion of male plants that senesced in each variety. At the time of harvest some seeds had shattered (fallen from plants) and volunteer plants had germinated and were growing. All volunteer plants appear to have died as of January 2021. Below are a few images one from September, left, another from October. More timely plantings have been done in 2021 to
Varieties Seedling vigor
rating 10 = Best Final per Acre Plant Pop.
Final Plant Height (inches)
% Female
Plants Stems
lbs/ac Leaves
& Seeds Lbs/ac
Seeds Lbs/ac
4 6.25 74,654 21.5 84.8 190.3 298.3 112
AgriLife Extension is conducting a campaign to gather information from stakeholders. The goal is to receive responses from 10% of the population. Go to the following site below to give your input and share it with others
TexasSpeaks URL
tx.ag/texasspeaks
TexasSpeaks QR Code
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Texas A&M University—Commerce
College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources PO Box 3011
Commerce, TX 75429-3011
Calendar
Phone: 903-468-3295
Email: [email protected]
April 27th Auxin Training (Lamar or Delta County) May 4th Wheat Field Day Bardwell
May 5th Wheat Field Day Greenville May 6th Wheat Field Day Howe May 6th Wheat Field Day Cooke Co
May 7th Private Applicator Training Chandler.
Suffer losses in our February Storms? Check with disaster.gov and the local FSA office.
For information on COVID-19
The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service is leading an education effort helping local gov- ernments with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act.
https://agrilifeextension.tamu.edu/coronavirus/
Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN)
EDEN information on the Coronavirus can be found at:
https://texashelp.tamu.edu/coronavirus-information-resources/
USDA Resources can be found at:
The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service is implied.
The members of Texas A&M AgriLife will provide equal opportunities in programs and activities, education, and employment to all persons regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity and will strive to achieve full and equal employment opportunity throughout Texas A&M AgriLife.
