SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 632
inarMtr iSaxaNaasaazI ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaa saamaaijak ¸Aaiqa-k,¸ kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaIcyaa AaQaaro p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaa SaaoQa
Khopade Smita Jayendra, M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil
svaatM
~
yapUva-kaLat s~I iSaxaNaacaa dr ha pu$YaaMcyaa maanaanao A%yaMt kmaI haota. svaatM
~
yaao%tr kaLat
maihlaaMnaa iSaxaNaasaazI idlao gaolaolao p`aQaanya
¸
saMivaQaanaIk AaQaar va %yaacao saMrxaNa krNaaro kayado¸
%yaacap`maaNao SaasanaakDUna %yaadRYTInao kolao jaaNaaro p`ya%na AaiNa rabavalao gaolaolao ivaivaQa ]pËma
¸
yaaojanaa
yaaMcyaa p`BaavaamauLo s~IiSaxaNaamaQyao frk pDlaa gaolaa.samaajaacyaa Jaalaolyaa p`gatImauLo s~I svaatM
~
ya maanya
kolao gaolao.BaartatIla s~I iSaxaNaacyaa p`maaNaat sakara%mak frk pDlaolaa Asalaa trI saMyau@t raYT/
saMGaacyaa dRYTInao Aaplaa doSa SaOxaiNak xao~avdaro s~IyaaMcao du:K kmaI krNyaat hvao tsao kaya- k$
Saklaolaa naahI.
p`stavanaa : s~I iSaxaNa ih ek bahuAayaamaI saMklpnaa Aaho.BaartatIla s~I iSaxaNaacaI AQaaogatI vaa ]dasaInata hyaasaazI kuzlyaahI ekaca maud\dyaalaa jabaabadar maanata yaoNaar naahI.tI Anaok ivaivaQa gaaoYTIMcaa saMimaEa pirNaama Aaho.yaamaQyao saamaaijak¸ saaMsÌitk¸ Aaiqa-k¸ kaOTMuibak¸ SaOxaiNak¸ rajakIya¸
BaaOgaaoilak yaacabaraobar p`SaasakIya gaaoYTIMcaahI samaavaoSa Aaho. maaNaUsa janmaapasaUna maR%yaUpya-%Ma AivartpNao navanavaIna gaaoYTI iSakt Asatao.Aaplyaa maUlaBaUt garjaaMcyaa pUt-tbaraobarca sqaLkalapr%vao inasaga-¸ samaaja¸ vaatavarNa yaaMcyaaSaI saaQamya- raKNao ho maUlat: maanavaacyaa r@tatca Aaho.%yaamauLoca manauYya p`aNaI Aajavar pRqvaItlaavar iTkUna AaplaI p`gatI k$ Saklaa Aaho. vaYaa-nauvaYao- ina%yaËmaanao GaDt Asalaolyaa ivaivaQa xao~atIla p`gatImauLo navanavaIna &anaacaI kvaaDo ]GaDlaI jaat Aaho.ASaa GaDamaaoDIMSaI sausaMvaad saaQat svat:laa Ad\yayaavat &anaacaI p`aPtI k$na GaoNao ¸ ho Aajacyaa jagaatIla p`%yaok vya@tIcao Aa%masaU~ AsaNao garjaocao Aaho.trca tI vya@tIo ¸ tao samaaja va tao doSa ]%ËMatIvaadacyaa inayamaap`maaNao Aaplao Aist%va
Scholarly Research Journal'sis licensed Based on a work atwww.srjis.com 4.194, 2013 SJIIF© SRJIS 2014
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 633
]Mcamaanaonao iTkvaU Saktao.AaQauinak kaLatIla ivaivaQa GaDamaaoDIMmauLo saMpUNa- jaga ivaksaIt¸
ivaksanaSaIla¸Aivakisat ASaa tIna p`karcyaa doSaaMmaQyao ivaKurlao gaolao.AivaksaIt va ivaksanaSaIla doSaaMmaQaIla laaokaMcyaa iSaxaNaacaa inamna str ha %yaaMcyaa daird`yaacao mau#ya karNa Asalyaacao yaunaoskaovdaro maaMDNyaat Aalao. ivaksanaSaIla doSaaMcaa ¸ jaastIt jaast samaaja ha KoDyaat raht Asalyaanao Aaraogya va paoYaNa¸ kuTMubainayaaojana¸ naagarIk%va AaiNa ASaa saMdBaa-tIla ivaivaQa GaTkaMbaabat jaagaRtIcaI Baavanaa Aaplyaa laaokaMmaQyao inamaa-Na krNao yaaMvar Bar Asatao.yaa samaajaacyaa ivakasaasaazI savaaM-gaINa¸ sava-samaavaoSaIt¸
bahuAayaamaI va inarMtr iSaxaNa ha ek ramabaaNa ]paya maanalaa gaolaa.
AavaSyakta AaiNa mah%va
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 634
AaNaNyaasaazI p`ya%na krNao AavaSyak Aaho.yaasaazI saMSaaoQanaacaI garja Aaho. varIla paSva-BaUmaI laxaat Gao}na¸ p`stut saMSaaoQanaat bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa saamaaijak¸ Aaiqa-k va kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaIcyaa AaQaaro p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaa AByaasa krNyaat Aalaa Aaho.
kayaa-%mak vyaa#yaa
inarMtr iSaxaNa :-ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa saamaaijak¸ Aaiqa-k¸ kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaIWaro p`iSaxaNa garjaa AaoLKUna %yaaMcaI p`gatI haoNyaasaazI idlao jaaNaaro iSaxaNa.
bacatgaT :-ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaaMsaazI svayaMsaovaI saMsqaaMWaro bacatIsaazI caalavaNaaro gaT. saamaaijak paSva-BaUmaI :- Qama- va jaat¸ saamaaijak kayaa-t sahBaaga¸ saamaaijak p`itYza¸ palyaacao iSaxaNa maihlaaMcyaa matacaa ivacaar¸ rajakarNaI vya@tIMcaa hstxaop¸ AMQaEad\Qaa [%yaadI GaTkaMcaa samaavaoSa saamaaijak paSva- BaUmaIt haotao.
Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaI :- maihlaaMcao maaisak ]%pnna¸ bacatIcao saaQana¸ kja- dovaaNaGaovaaNa¸ kja-acaI prtfoD¸ vastUcao ]%padna va ivaËI¸ ivaËI krtanaa yaoNaa¹yaa ADcaNaI [%yaadI GaTkaMcaa samaavaoSa Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaIt haotao.
kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaI :- vaOvaahIk isqatI¸ SaOxaiNak isqatI¸ kuTMubaacaa p`kar¸ rah%yaa Garacaa p`kar va maalakI¸ vyasanaaQaIna vya@tI¸ palyaacao iSaxaNaacao maaQyama¸ GaratIla saaoyaIsauivaQaa [%yaadI GaTkaMcaa samaavaoSa kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaIt haotao.
p`stut saMSaaoQanaacaI ]d\idYTo
1. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa saamaaijak paSva-BaUmaIcaa SaaoQa GaoNao. 2. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaIcaa SaaoQa GaoNao. 3. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa kaOTMuibak paSva-BaUmaIcaa SaaoQa GaoNao.
4. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa inarMtr iSaxaNaasaazI p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaa SaaoQa GaoNao. 5. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa inarMtr iSaxaNaasaazI p`iSaxaNa kaya-Ëma saucaivaNao.
saMSaaoQanaacao p`Sna
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 635
2. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaI Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaI kaya Aaho Æ 3. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa kaOTMuibak pirisqatI kaya Aaho Æ 4. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa p`iSaxaNa garjaa kaoNa%yaa Aahot Æ
5. ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaaMcyaa inarMtr iSaxaNaasaazI kaoNa%yaa p`karcao p`iSaxaNa rabavata yaotIlaÆ
vyaaPtI va mayaa-da
sadr saMSaaoQana ho ga`amaINa BaagaatIla bacatgaTacyaa maihlaaMsaazI Aaho.%yaamauLo to rajyapatLIvarcyaa ga`amaINa BaagaatIla bacatgaTacyaa maihlaaMsaazIdoKIla ]pyau@t zÉ Sakto.sadr saMSaaoQanaasaazI puNao ijalhyaatIla ekUNa 13 talauko AsaUna %yaapOkI mauLSaI talau@yaacaI inavaD kolaI Aaho.mauLSaI talau@yaat ekUNa gaavao Aahot.ekUNa gaavaaMpOkI Baukuma yaa gaavaacaI inavaD kolaI Aaho.
• Baukuma gaavaat ekUNa 17 bacatgaT Aahot. %yaapOkI 9 bacatgaTaMcaI inavaD kolaI Aaho
sadr saMSaaoQana pd\QatI :
p`stut saMSaaoQanaat ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaI saamaaijak¸ Aaiqa-k kaOTuibaMk paSva-BaUmaI va p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaI vat-maanaisqatI jaaNaUna GaoNyaasaazI savao-xaNa pd\QatIcaa vaapr kolaa.savao-xaNa pd\QatI inavaDNyaamaagacaI karNao:
1.saMSaaoiQakonao inavaDlaolaI samasyaa vat-maanakaLaSaI inagaDIt Aaho. 2.yaa saMSaaoQanaatUna inaGaNaaro inaYkYa- ho vat-maanakaLalaa laagaU haotat.
3.savao-xaNa Pad\QatIvdaro hatI Gaotlaolyaa inaYkYaa-caI lagaocaca AmMalabajaavaNaI krta yaoto. %yaamauLo saMSaaoiQakonao savao-xaNa pd\QatIcaI inavaD kolaI.
nyaadSa- AaiNa nyaadSa- inavaDIcaI pd\QatI
janasaM#yaa:-
p`stut saMSaaoQanaat ga`amaINa maihlaa bacatgaT hI janasaM#yaa Aaho.nyaadSa- :
p`stut saMSaaoQanaat puNao ijalhyaatIla mauLSaI talau@yaacyaa Baukuma yaa gaavaacaISRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 636
maaihtI saMklanaacaI saaQanao :
p`stut saMSaaoQanaat maaihtI saMkilat krNyaasaazI puZIla p`karcyaasaaQanaacaa vaapr krNyaat Aalaa.bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMsaazI p`SnaavalaI bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMsaazI vaaprNyaat Aalaolyaa p`SnaavalaIt daona ivaBaaga kolao Aahot.
Baaga I - vaOyai@tk maaihtI
Baaga I I - bacatgaTivaYayak maaihtI
Baaga I - vaOyai@tk maaihtI: bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa kaOTuMibak¸ SaOxaiNak paSva-BaUmaIcao maapna krta
yaavao yaasaazI p`Sna ivacaarlao Aahot.yaamaQyao naava¸ jaat¸ SaOxaiNak isqatI¸ vaOvaaihk isqatI¸ kuTMubaacaa p`kar¸ Garacaa p`kar vagaOro saar#yaa p`SnaaMcaI maaihtI Ba$na GaoNyaat AalaI va pyaa-ya do}na Õ ikMvaa ×ASaI KUNa kravayaasa saaMigatlaI tr kahI p`SnaaMnaa svat:cao mat maaMDNyaasa vaava idlaa gaolaa Aaho. ekUNa 22 p`SnaaMcaa %yaat samaavaoSa Aaho.
Baaga I I - bacatgaTivaYayak maaihtI: bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaI Aaiqa-k saamaaijak paSva-BaUmaI va p`iSaxaNa
garjaaivaYayak maaihtI jaaNaUna GaoNyaasaazI p`Sna ivacaarlao Aahot.%yaamaQyao bacatgaTivaYayak maaihtI va p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaa SaaoQa GaoNaa-yaa p`SnaaMcaI maaihtI Ba$na GaoNyaat AalaI va yaaogya pyaa-yaavar Õ ikMvaa ×ASaI KUNa krNyaasa saaMigatlao. ekUNa 24 p`SnaaMcaa %yaat samaavaoSa Aaho.
maaihtIcao saMklana :
bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaI p`SnaavalaI tyaar JaalyaanaMtr tI gaavaatIla bacatgaTatIlap`mauKaMcaI prvaanagaI Gao}na %yaa gaTatIla maihlaaMcaI BaoT Gao}na idvasa va vaoL inaiScat kolaa.zrivalaolyaa idvaSaI jaa}na zrvalaolyaa vaoLat vaOyai@tkir%yaa jaa}na p`SnaavalaI Ba$na GaoNyaat Aalyaa.ekUNa 7 idvasa jaa}na maaihtI saMkilat kolaI.
maaihtIcao ivaSlaoYaNa :
saM#yaaSaas~Iya tM~acaa ]pyaaoga maaihtIcyaa ivaSlaoYaNaat kolaa jaatao.p`stutsaMSaaoQanaat saMSaaoiQakonao jaI maaihtI saMkilat kolaI %yaa saMkilat kolaolyaa maaihtIvaÉna p`SnaavalaIcyaa p`itsaadanausaar SaokDovaarI kaZlaI.
SaaoiQat
o: p`stut saMSaaoQanaat maihlaa bacat gaTatIla maihlaaMcyaa saamaaijak¸ kaOTuMibak¸ Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaI vaSRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 637
saamaijak paSva-BaUmaI :-
ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla jaastIt jaast maihlaa kovaL bacatgaTacyaaca sadsyaAahot. bacatgaTatIla 100% maihlaaMnaa saamaaijak xao~at kama krNyaacaI AavaD Aaho¸saamaaijak kayaa-MpOkI jaastIt jaast maihlaaMnaa svacCta AiBayaana¸ vyasanamauktI¸ tMTamau@tI AiBayaana yaasaar#yaa kayaa-t sahBaagaI Asatat. ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla jaastIt jaast maihlaa yaa Aaplyaalaa yaoNaa-yaa samasyaa ADcaNaI dUr haoNyaasaazI dovaalaa navasa baaolatat.Aaplyaalaa yaoNaa-yaa samasyaa dUr haoNyaasaazI dovaalaa pOsao¸
p`saad¸ vastU dana krtat¸]taro Taktat¸ kaoMbaDa ¸bakro vaahNao yaasaarKo maaga- AvalaMbatat.ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla jaastIt jaast maihlaa hyaa ]%pnna vaaZIsaazI bacatgaTat sahBaaga Gaotat. jaastIt jaast maihlaa iSaxaNaacaI kmatrta Asalyaanao bacatgaTacyaa kayaa-t sahBaaga Gao} Sakt naahI¸ ga`amaINa Baagaat pu$YaaMp`maaNao maihlaaMcyaa matacaa ivacaar krt naahI maihlaaMcaa jaatIpatIvar kmaI ivaSvaasa Aaho¸ga`amaINa bacatgaTat rajakarNaI vya@tIMcaa hstxaop qaaoDyaafar p`maaNaat AaZLtao¸ ga`amaINa bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMnaa samaajaat Aaplao ivacaar maaMDtanaa kQaI kQaI iBatI dDpNa vaaTto. maihlaaMnaa AiQaka-yaaMSaI saMvaad saaQatanaa ADcaNaI yaotat.
Aaiqa-k paSva-BaUmaI:-
bacatgaTavdaro Gaotlaolyaa kjaa-caa vaapr jaastIt jaast maihlaa dO.kamakajaasaazIjaast krtanaa idsatat. bacatgaTavdaro saBaasad maihlaaMnaa idlyaa jaaNaa-yaa kjaa-var bacatgaT 2%vyaaja
Aakarlao jaato.bacatgaTatIla ba¹yaaca maihlaaMnaa kjaa-caI prtfoD krtanaa kQaI kQaI ADcaNaI yaotanaa idsatat.bacatgaTavdaro idlaolyaa kjaa-caI prtfoD vaoLovar na Jaalyaasa bacatgaT maihlaaMnaa dr maihnaa 25É.dMD Aakarto. maihlaa bacatgaTaWaro vas%aUMcao ]%padna ho farca ~aoTk p`maaNaat krt AsaUna GargautI vastU tyaar krtanaa AaZLUna Aalyaa. bahutaMSa kuTMubap`mauK ga`amaINa Baagaat rhat Asalao trI parMpairk vyavasaayaabaraobar svat:laa pa~ AsaNaarI naaokrI krtanaa idsaUna Aalao. bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMnaa vastU idsaavayaasa Aak-Yak nasalyaanao va vastUcao p^ikMga Aak-Yak nasalyaanao vastU ivaËI krtanaa ADcaNaI yaotanaa AaZLUna Aalyaa. maihlaaMcao maaisak ]%pnna 3000 $pyaaMpya-t Aaho Asao idsaUna yaoto.bahutaMSa maihlaaMcyaa bacatIcao saaQana bacatgaT hoca AaZLUna Aalao.
kaOTuMibak paSva-BaUmaI
:- saMSaaoQanaamaQyao sava- bacatgaT saBaasad maihlaa ivavaahIt Aaho ho AaZLUnaSRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 638
AsaNaa¹yaacao p`maaNa kmaI Aaho.bacatgaTatIla maihlaaMcaI bahutaMSa Garo hI ivaBa@t kuMTuba pd\QatIcaa isvakar kolaolaI AaZLUna AalaI. ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaaMcaI Garo hI kccyaa maatIcaI va kaOlaa$ tsaoca kahI p`maaNaat isamaoMT ka^ËITcaI AaZLUna AalaI. bacatgaTatIla bahutaMSa maihlaaMcyaa GarI vyasanaaQaIna vya@tIMcao p`maaNa jaast Aaho. ga`amaINa Baagaat maulaIMcyaa iSaxaNaakDo ]dasaInata AaZLto. saaOr]jao-caa vyavaharat ]pyaaoga krtanaa idsat naahI. maihlaa hyaa ga`amaINa Baagaat rhat Asalyaa trI jaIvanaaSyak garja mhNaUna TI.vhI.¸iÍja yaasaar#yaa vastU vaaprtat tr p`itYza mhNaUna faona¸ maaobaa[-la yaasaar#yaa vastU AaZLUna Aalyaa tsaoca iSavaNayaM~asaar#yaa vastU ]dyaaogaasaazI mah%%vapUNa- Asalyaanao bahutaMSa maihlaaMkDo %yaa vastU AaZLUna Aalyaa.
p`iSaxaNa garjaasaMbaMQaIcaa AByaasa :-
bacatgaTatIla jaastIt jaast maihlaaMnaI vyaavasaaiyak iSaxaNaGaotlaolao naahI.Asao AaZLUna Aalao. maihlaaMnaa bacatgaTaivaYayaIcaI farSaI maaihtI naahI Asao idsato.bacatgaTatIla AiQakaiQak maihlaa hyaa kovaL sahlaI saar#yaa ]pËmaat jaastIt jaast sahBaagaI Asatat.pNa iSaxaNaacyaa kmatrtomauLo va kaOTuMibak samasyaMamauLo bacatgaTacyaa [tr kayaa-t sahBaagaI haotanaa iBatI vaaTto. bacatgaTatIla AiQakaiQak maihlaaMnaa laGaUkuTIraodyaaogaacao p`iSaxaNa¸ ivaivaQa kayadoivaYayak &ana¸ saMBaaYaNa klaocao p`iSaxaNa¸ saMgaNakIya &ana¸ KrodI¹ ivaËIcao &ana AiQak caaMgalyaa p`karo imaLavao Asao AaZLUna Aalao. maihlaaMnaa ]%pnna inamaI-tIsaazI ivaivaQa p`karcao vyaavasaayaIk iSaxaNa imaLavao va samaajaat caaMgalao sqaana imaLavao Asao vaaTto.ga`amaINa maihlaaMcaa sahBaaga jaast Asalyaanao ivavaah va Aaraogya saMbaMiQat GaTkaMivaYayak jaagaRtI krNao AavaSyak Aaho.sava- maihlaa ivavaahIt Aaho va %yaaMcyaakDUna AaraogyaivaYayak &ana %yaaMnaa AavaSyak Aaho Asao idsaUna Aalao.
inaYkYa- :
p`stut saMSaaoQanaat saMSaaoiQakonao ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaaMcaa AByaasa kolaolaa Aaho.%yaanausaar AsaoSRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 639
saamaaijak xao~at kama krNyaacaI AavaD AsaUnahI yaaogya maaga-dSa-naa ABaavaI to saahya haot naahI.sadr maihlaaMpOMkI bahUtok maihlaa Aaplyaa samasyaa saaoDivaNyaasaazI AMQaEaQd\olaa baLI pDtat.yaa maihlaaMmaQyao iSaxaNaabaabat Anaasqaa idsaUna yaoto.Aaiqa-k GaTkaMcaa AByaasa krtanaa Asao idsaUna Aalao kI bahutok maihlaa yaa SaasakIya yaaojanaa ]pËmaavdaro imaLNaaro laaBa kja- Anaudana [.GaoNyaasa Qajaavat naahIt.yaamaagao kja- vaoLovar prt na foDU iSakNyaacaI BaItI ho ek karNa jaaNavalao.tr kahI maihlaa kovaL dOnaMidna kamakaja caalaivaNyaasaazI kja- ¸sauivaQaa Gaot Asalyaacao idsalao.yaa maihlaaMcao maaisak ]%pnna A%yalp AsaUna %yaat vaaZ haoNao garjaocao Aaho.kaOTMuibak GaTkaMcaa AByaasa krtanaa Asao idsaUna Aalao kI bahutaMSa maihlaa ivaBa@t kuTMubaat rhat Aahot.yaa kuMTubaamaQyao AavaSyak %yaa saaoyaI sauivaQaa ]plabQa Aahot prMtu AaQauinak saayaI sauivaQaa svaIkar krt naahIt.bahutaMSa maihlaa SaotI va %yaaKalaaoKala parMparIk vyavasaaya krt Aahot. %yaaMcyaat saaxartocao p`maaNahI Alp AaZLlao.p`iSaxaNa garjaaMcaa AByaasa krtanaa Asao idsaUna Aalao kI yaa maihlaa vyavasaaiyak p`iSaxaNaacaa ABaava Aaho. sadr maihlaaMnaa ]%pnna vaRQdIsaazI vyaavasaaiyak p`iSaxaNa imaLvaNyaacaI garja vaaTt Aaho.samaajaat Aaplyaalaa sqaana imaLavao yaasaazI saamaaijak baaMiQalakI¸AaraogyaivaYayak¸saMgaNakivaYayak maaihtIcao &ana imaLavao Asao vaaTto.tsaoca laGau va kuTIraodyaaoga kayadoivaYayak &ana KrodIivaËIcao &ana saMBaaYaNaklaocao &ana imaLavao Asao vaaTto.yaava$na Asao idsato kI ga`amaINa BaagaatIla maihlaaMnaa samaajaat yaaogya sqaana imaLvaUna doNyaasaazI iSaxaNa va p`iSaxaNaacaI garja Aaho. va inarMtr iSaxaNaavdaro tI pUNa- krta yaoNao Sa@ya Aaho.
saMdBa-saUcaI
baaNaKolao¸p`.³2007´.Aa%masanmaanaacaI pa]lavaaT AMk 10vaa laaokrajya. maubaM[- : maaihtI va janasaMpk- mahasaMcanaalaya.
iBaMtaDo¸iva.³2007´. SaOxaiNak saMSaaoQana pdQatI. puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana
BaartI¸ dI.³ 2011´.maharaYT/atIla is~yaaMcao ivavaah vaya p`sautI inado-Sak va saaxarta. Aqa-saMvaad AMk 3 ra naMdurbaar.
cavhaNa¸ra.³2006´.maihlaa Aismata p`iSaxaNa.puNao :ijalha ga`aimaNa ivakasa yaM~Naa.
caafokr¸iva. ³1990´.AMQaEawokDUna iva&anaakDo puNao : p`aOZ inarMtr AaiNa &anaivastaar ivaBaaga puNao ivadyaapIz.
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 640
doSamauK iva.³2008´.maihlaaMcyaa Aaiqa-k sabalaIkrNaasaazI AMk 1laa laaokrajya. maubaM[- : maaihtI va janasaMpk- mahasaMcanaalaya.
jaIvanataro¸ko.³2008´.tRPtIcaI AnauBaUtI¸ AMk 11vaa laaokrajya. maubaM[- : maaihtI va janasaMpk- mahasaMcanaalaya.
jaaoSaI, baI.³2007´.saamaaijak Saas~atIla saM&Aa va isad\QaaMtacaa kaoSa iSaxaNaSaas~. puNao : DayamaMD piblakoSana
ihMgaaolao¸ ro.³2002´.s~I saxamaIkrNa AaiNa svayaMsaovaI saMGaTnaa : ivaSaoYa AByaasa laatUr ijalha pI.eca.DI.¸naaMdoD : Da^.baabaasaahoba AaMbaoDkr¸ marazavaaDa ivadyaapIz.
jaaQava¸ko.³2008´.navaIna kaLacao iSaxaNa t%va&ana samaajaSaas~. naaiSak : mana p`kaSana kuMDlao. ma.³2003´. SaOxaiNak t%va&ana va SaOxaiNak samaajaSaas~. puNao : EaI ivadyaa
p`kaSana.
parsanaIsa¸ na.³ 1994´. svaatM~yaao%tr BaartIya iSaxaNa. puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana.
piNDt¸ba.³2005´.iSaxaNaatIla saMSaaoQana saM#yaa%mak AaiNa gauNaa%mak. puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana.
parsanaIsa¸h.³ 2006´.SaOxaiNak saMSaaoQana maaihtI saMklana saaQanao va tM~o. puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana.
parsanaIsa¸ho.³2006´. SaOxaiNak saMSaaoQana namaunaa inavaD.puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana. paTIla¸Saao.³ 2007´.s~IvaadI ivacaar AaiNa samaIxaocaa maagaaovaa.puNao : snaohvaQa-na p`kaSana. saaomaNa¸AM. ³1989´. inaiB-aD -AMQaEawa inamau-lana kayaa-caa maagaaovaa.mauMba[- :manaaoivakasa
Pa`kaSana.
saMt¸ du.³2007´.saMSaaoQana pd\QatI p`iËyaa AMtrMga. puNao : puNao ivadyaaqaI- gaRh p`kaSana
tapkIr d.AaiNa tapkIr¸ ina.³2008´. iSaxaNaacao tai%vak va samaajaSaas~Iya AiQaYzana.puNao : ina%yanaUtna p`kaSana.
vyaasa¸ ya.³2004´.maihlaa saxamaIkrNaamaQyao SaotkrI saMGaTnaocaI BaUimaka. pI.eca.DI.¸naaMdoD : svaamaI ramaanaMd tIqa-¸ marazvaaDa ivadyaapIz.
yaoLNao¸ Ga.³2005´.Empowerment of Women Through Self-Help Groups, pI.eca.DI.¸ naaMdoD : svaamaI ramaanaMd tIqa-¸ marazvaaDa ivadyaapIz.
Abraham , J.(2011). Measurement of social empowerment of farmer’s in SHG’S : Evidence from India. International NGO Journal, 6(12), 255-261.
Bruce ,C. (1987). Continuing Education In Asia And Pacific.UNESCO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific:Thailand
Batliwala, S. , Gurumurthy , B. and Chandra w. (1998). Status of Rural Women in Karnataka. In sixth of Educational Research Vol. I ,New Delhi : NCERT. Burk ,M. (2008), Micro Finance Women’s Empowerment money cannot Break
system in Gender Biases.
Chitradevi ,S. (2012). Study on Empowerment of Women In Self-Help Groups in rural Part of Cheenai. Voice of Research An International Journal, 1(1),27-30.
Continuing Education in India. retrived on june. 21, 2012 from
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 641
Devi ,T.(1991). Education and employment status of women and their attitudes and practices in family welfare in Andhra Pradesh .In fifty survey of Educational Research Vol II , New Delhi : NCERT
Das ,k.(2012). Socio Economic Empowerment of Women Through SHG Banking Linkage Programme : ABoon for Development International Journal of Management & Business studies vol 2 Issue I.
Dass,B. & Vasanthi , G. (2012). Socio Economics empowerment of women through self Help Group in villupuram District. Radix International Journal of Economics & Business management Vol I Issue 2.
D'Souza,N.G.()Indigenous Education Program case study:EMPOWERMENT
AND ACTION:LAYA’S WORK IN TRIBAL EDUCATION. retrived on
june. 21, 2012 from
Ghadoliya ,M.(2008). Empowering Women Through SHG’S :Role of Distance Education. International Journal Of Research in Social Sciences, 5(3), 205-223.
Harish ,N. (2012). Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship development with Special Reference to Self-Help Groups in Karnataka. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 2(2),retrieved on May 24,2012
from http://www.ijmra.us
Homa ,S. , Kalantari K & Fami H. (2012). Investigation Iran of SHG’S Effect. on Rural Women Empowerment. (Hamedan Country), International Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(1), retrived on Apr. 21, 2012 from
http://www.ccsenet.org/jas.
Jain , A.(1991). Analysis of evaluation of the animator’s training Camps for the education and empowerment of rural women conducted by IIE. In fifty survey of Educational Research Vol II , New Delhi : NCERT
Kaul , A. (1990). Educational, Economic and Social impact of voluntary training agencies offering income generating programmes on the socio economic status of women of Baroda City. In fifty survey of Educational Research Vol II , New Delhi : NCERT.
Mutalik, S. (1991). Education and Social awareness among women. In fifty survey of Educational Research Vol II , New Delhi : NCERT.
Mohan , K. (2011). Role of Microfinance in Women’s Development. Journal of Management & science, 1(1), retrieved on May 22, 2012 from
http://www.serialjournals.com
Mishra, R.(2005). Women Education New Delhi : A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. Mathew,A.(2005) Literacy “Real options for policy and practice in India. , retrived
on Jully. 21, 2012 from
Nagarajan, N. (1998). Gender Inequality Persists in Literacy.In sixth of Educational Research Vol. I ,New Delhi : NCERT.
Open & Distance Education : A Contribute to poverty Alleviation and Empowerment of women ? Thrhemba Nam Ambe -UVA Department Of French & International Studies, National Open University of Nigeria 14-16.
Pandey ,k.(1980).Age and Marriage in Urban Population in India Journal of Economics Vol 61 No.243 pg 511-535.
SRJIS/BIMONTHLY/SMITA KHOPADE (632-642)
JUNE-JULY-2014, Vol. -I, ISSUE-IV www.srjis.com Page 642
Patel , M.(2006). Adult Education In India In Indonesia,Thailand and China-A comparative Study.Ph.D.,Chandigarh: Punjab University.
Pati, J., Sahoo,R. and Dash,H.(2008) . Women Education emerging Issues and Rethinking. New Delhi : Mittal Publication..
Paul ,S. & Prabhat, M. (2010). Social Responsibility towards sustainable Rural Development. Journal of Social Work & Social Development,1 (1),85-101. Satyasai , K.(2001). Economics and social Empowerment of Rural Through
SHG’s. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics,56(3),635-653
Swain ,R. (2007). Can Microfinance Empower Women ? Self Help Groups in India. World Development, 64-83. http://www.info.worldbank.org / www.nek.flu.se //,
Soni ,J.(2008). Women Education Harnessing the Gender Power. New Delhi : Authorspress.
Suguna , M.(2011). Education and Women Empowerment in India. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.I Issue 8.
SubbaReddy,P. & Sarma,K.( -). Continuing Educational Proggramme(Training Modules)State Resource Centre For Adult Education:Hyderabad
Walve ,V. (2006). An Evaluatory study of Self-Help Women’s Thrifots Groups in Parbhani District. Ph.D., Parbhani: Shivaji University.