Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 762 Hkfo”;dkyhu f’k{kd f’k{k.k
Jhe- okcGs vpZuk foykljko
xsuck lksikujko eks>s v/;kid egkfo|ky;]oMeq[kokMh] iq.ks & 06
cny gk fulxkZpk fu;e vkgs- fLFkrh’khy vls dkghp ukgh- vkt loZp {ks=kr >ikV;kus cny gksr vkgs- tkxfrdhdj.kk Li/ksZP;k ;qxkr tj vki.kkl fVdk;ps vlsy rj vkiys loZP;k ‘kS{kf.kd miØe vki.kkl vktP;kp n`”Vhus uOgs rj Hkfo”;dkGkr gh dls mi;qDr Bjrhy ;kpk fopkj dj.ks vko’;d vkgs- dkj.k lekt ifjorZukps izeq[k lk/kup f’k{k.k vkgs- orZekukP;k [kka|koj clwu Hkfo”;kpk os/k ?;kok ykxsy- ‘kS{kf.kd miØe Hkfo”;kfHkeq[k cuokos ykxrhy- Hkfo”; gs ?kMr ulrs rj vki.kkal rs ?kMokos ykxrs- f’k{kdkauk f’k{k.k ns.kkÚ;k f’k{k.kkpk Hkfo”;kr Mksdkowu fopkj djkok ykxsy- R;klkBh izf’k{k.kkFkhZ dsafnzr f’k{kd f’k{k.k |kos- xjtkuqlkj vH;klØe] fudksi vkarjfØ;k] mn~cks/ku] oxZ] ljkoikBkaph xq.kkRedrk ok<foyh ikfgts- uohu dYiukapk fLodkj] lkekftd laidZ ok<fo.kkÚ;k miØekaps vk;kstu d#u uSfrd f’k{k.kkph rjrwn djkoh- f’k{kd f’k{k.k dk;ZØekr lekurk vk.kwu r.kko O;oLFkkiu dj.ks vko’;d vkgs- uksdjh] O;olk;] ekxZn’kZukph lks; d#u f’k{kd f’k{k.k laLFkkaph lqlTtrk ok<okoh- thoukfHkeq[k] laLÑrh lqlTtrk ok<okoh- thoukfHkeq[k] laLÑrh lao/kZu f’k{k.k |kos- R;klkBh egkfo|ky;kauk Lok;Rrk nsowu lkeqnkf;d tohu miØekaps vk;kstu d#u ‘kkys; vuqHkwrh ns.ks o Nk= lsokdkykph rjrwn d#u U.G.C., NCTE, NCERT, SCERT, ek/;fed o mPp ek/;fed f’k{k.k eaMG] ikB;iqLrd fufeZrh o vH;klØe eaMGkr leUo; lk/kkok- ts.ks d#u m|kP;k f’k{kd f’k{k.kkph vk[k.kh djrk ;sbZy o Hkfo”;krhy tckcnkÚ;k isy.kkjs f’k{kd r;kj dj.;kps lkeFkZ f’k{kd f’k{k.kkr ;sbZy gs izLrqr la’kks/kuij ys[kkr ekaMysys vkgs-
izLrkouk %&
tkxfrfddj.kkP;k ;qxkr f’k{kd f’k{k.kkps egRo fnolsafnol ok<r vkgs- cny gk fulxkZpk fu;e vkgs- fLFkrh’khy vls dkghp ukgh- vkt loZp {ks=kr >ikV;kus cny gksr vkgs- tkxfrfddj.kkP;k Li/ksZP;k ;qxkr tj vki.kkl fVdk;ps vlsy rj vkiys loZ miØe vki.kkl vktP;kp n`”Vhus uOgs rj Hkfo”;dkGkrgh dls mi;qDr Bjrhy ;kpk fopkj djkok ykxsy- orZekukP;k [kka|koj clwu Hkfo”;kpk os/k ?;kok ykxsy- ‘kS{kf.kd miØe Hkfo”;kfHkeq[k cuokos ykxrhy- Hkfo”; gs ?kMr ulrs rj vki.kkl rs ?kMokos ykxrs-
f’k{kdkauk f’k{k.k ns.kkÚ;k f’k{k.kkpk Hkfo”;kr Mksdkowu fopkj djkok ykxsy- Eg.kwu izFke f’k{kd f’k{k.kkpk vFkZ letwu ?ks.ks vko’;d vkgs-
f’k{kd f’k{k.kkpk vFkZ &
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 763 1½ f’k{kd f’k{.k Eg.kts th O;Drh f’k{kdhis’kkr izos’k d# bfPNrs R;k f’k{kdh is’kkr ikjaxr
gks.;klkBh ;ksX; rs O;olkf;d f’k{k.k ns.ks-
2½ fofo/k Lrjkaoj Eg.kts iwoZ izkFkfed] izkFkfed] ek/;fed] mPpek/;fed Lrjkaoj ifj.kkedkjd v/;kiu dk;Z dj.ks o lq;ksX; ukxfjd ?kMfo.;kps dkS’kY; T;k f’k{k.kkP;k ek/;ekrwu izkIr gksrs R;kyk f’k{kd f’k{k.k Eg.krkr-
f’k{kd f’k{k.kkph mfn~n”Vs &
1½ f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkph ladYiuk letwu ?ks.ks-
2½ f’k{kd izf’k{k.kklkBh vko’;d vlysY;k dkS’kY;kpk fodkl dj.ks-
3½ fofo/k Lrjkrhy f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkP;k leL;k tk.kwu ?ks.;kph n`f”V fodflr dj.ks- 4½ f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkrhy uohu izokg] uohu] ra= i/nrh letwu ?ks.ks-
5½ f’k{kd f’k{k.kkr uohu izokg vk.k.;klkBh izk;ksfxd o§Rrhpk fodkl dj.ks-
f'k{kd f’k{k.kkpk vFkZ o mfí”Vs y{kkr ?ksrk gh mfí”Vs fdrir lk/; >kyh vkgsr gs ikg.ks xjtsps vkgs- R;klkBh f’k{kd f’k{k.kkP;k l|fLFkrhpk fopkj dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-
f’k{kd f’k{k.k & l|fLFkrh &
f’k{k.kkph xq.koRrk f’k{kdkP;k xq.koRrsoj vk/kkfjr vkgs- R;keqGs ,dw.kp f’k{k.k izfØ;sr f’k{kd vkf.k i;kZ;kus f’k{kd & f’k{k.kkps vuU; lk/kkj.k egRo vkgs- ;k f’k{.kkP;k xq.koRrk fodklklkBh NCTE, UGC fo|kihB egkfo|ky;s] laLFkk Lor% v/;kid iz;Ru’khy vlrkr- rjh
lq/nk f’k{kd & f’k{k.kkr vusd =qVh vk<Gwu ;srkr- R;keqGs vusd leL;k fuekZ.k gksrkr- ;k leL;k
NCTE, UGC o fo|kihBs vkiY;k ijhus lksMfo.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr- Eg.kwup vkiY;kyk f’k{kd
f’k{k.kkph l|fLFkrh y{kkr ?ks.ks egRokps okVrs-
f’k{kd f’k{k.kkph izos’k izfØ;k & ;koj dk;eLo#ih vk{ksi ?ksryk tkrks dh] ch-,M~ izos’kkph xq.koRrk deh vlrs- mPp xq.koRrsp fo|kFkhZ vfHk;kaf=dh] oS|dh; {ks=kdMs tkrkr-
fo|kFkhZ la[;k %& 100 fo|kF;kZauk iw.kZr% ‘kkldh; ;knh ok O;oLFkkifd; xq.koRrk ;knhuqlkj izos’k fnyk tkrks-
fo|kihB fugk; izos’k %& T;k jkT;kr ch-,M~- djko;kps R;k jkT;krhy 70% izos’k fHkUu
fo|kihBkrhy 28% o vU; jkT;krhy 2% izos’k fnyk tkrks-
izos’k ik=rk %& inoh/kj] xq.k 5% jk[kho 45% brj ekxkloxhZ; rlsp CET lkBh [kqyk oxZ o
jk[kho tkxkalkBh 15 o 18 xq.kkaph vko’;drk-
f'k{kd f’k{k.kkpk miyC/k dkyko/kh %& f’k{kdh is’kklkBh@O;olk;klkBh vko’;d dyk
dkS’kY;kaP;k fodklklkBhpk gk dkyko/kh viqjk iMrks-
izkR;f{kd dk;kZrhy vMp.kh %& ch-,M~- e/khy egRokps izkR;f{kd Eg.kts ljkoikB] Nk=lsokdky
;klkBh egkfo|ky;s iw.kZr% ‘kkGkaoj voyacwu vlrkr viwÚ;k o ;ksX; oSpkfjd nsok.k?ksok.k vHkkoh ‘kkGk laiw.kZ lgdk;Z dj.;kl vleFkZ Bjrkr- R;keqGs vusd vMp.kh fuekZ.k gksrkr-
fo”k;Kkukrhy =qVh %& ;keqGs ikBkr ;kaf=drk ;srs- fo|kFkhZ y{k nsr ukgh- R;keqGs ljkoikB
ntsZnkj gksr ukgh-
Hkk”k.k dkS’kY;kpk vHkko %& ;keqGs ikB ?ksrkuk vk’k; ntsZnkji.ks fo|kF;kZaleksj ekaM.;kl vkeps
fo|kFkhZ deh iMrkr-
ljko ikBklaca/kh leL;k %& ch- ,M~- vH;klØekpk ljkoikB ^vkRek* vls lacks/kys tkrs- ek=
Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 764 v/;kidkapk vkRefo’okl o v/;kiu i/nrh & fo”k;hph lk’kadrk fnlrs- osGki=dkr vpkud cny gks.ks- vpkud lqV~Vh v’kk vusd leL;k l|fLFkrhr fnlwu ;srkr-
ikBkaps fujh{k.k %& fujh{kdkl dks.kR;kgh fo”k;kpk ikB fujh{k.k djkok ykxrks- R;keqGs T;k lwpuk
fnY;k tkrkr R;k jpukRed ok o.kZukRed vlrkr- R;keqGs fo|kF;kZauk vkiY;k mf.kok o cyLFkkus letr ukgh-
tquk vH;klØe %& vktps Kku m|k f’kGs Bjrs- ex o”kkZuqo”kZ f’k{kd f’k{k.kkpk pky.kkjk
vH;klØe dkGkuq#i gks.ks xjtsps vlrs- R;keqGs izLrqr vH;klØe mi;qDr Bjsyp vls ukgh-
lanHkZ iqLrdkapk vHkko %& dkGkuq#i uohu vkf.k vH;klØekuq#i iqLrdkapk rqVoMk eksB;k
izek.kkr tk.korks-
v/;kiu i/nrh fo”k;d l|fLFkrh %& okf.kT; laj{k.k’kkL= lax.kd ‘kk[ksP;k izf’k{k.kkFkhZauk fnY;k
tk.kkÚ;k v/;kiu i/nrh eqGs vMp.kh fuekZ.k gksrkr-
foukvuqnkfur egkfo|ky;kaph fufeZrh %& gh ,d eksBh leL;k fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs- dkj.k ik=rk o
xq.koRrk ;k nksUgh leL;k ;keqGs fuekZ.k >kY;k- v’kk egkfo|ky;kauk ekU;rk feGkyh- ijarw vko’;d HkkSfrd lks;h lqfo/kk iqjo.;kr rh v;’kLoh Bjyh-
ik= izkpk;kZP;k use.kwdhpk iz’u %& cgwrka’kh izkpk;Z Eg.kwu lsokfuo`Rr O;Drhph use.kwd dj.;kr
vkyh- R;keqGs dke o osru ;kr rQkor fuekZ.k >kyh-
v/;kid use.kwdhph l|fLFkrh %& ik= v/;kidkaph derjrk o ik=rk vlrkuk deh osru dk
?;kos\ v’kh f}/kk eu%fLFkrh v/;kidkaph fuekZ.k >kyh- ifj.kker% ik=rk /kkjdkavHkkoh miyC/k v/;kidkaP;k use.kwdhyk i;kZ; mjyk ukgh-
v/;kidkaP;k lsospk iz’u %& ch-,M~- gks.kkÚ;k fo|kF;hZps izek.ks ok<ys ek= lokZauk uksdjh ukgh-
R;keqGs csjkstxkjkph leL;k fuekZ.k >kyh- R;keqGs foukvuqnkfur ‘kkGkae/;s deh osrukoj dke dj.ks- b dkj.kkaeqGs f’k{kd&f’k{k.kkdMs c?k.;kpk n`”Vhdksu cnyY;kl vk’p;Z okVw u;s-
f’k{k.k & f’k{k.kkrhy l|fLFkrh y{kkr ?ksrk f’k{kdkauk f’k{k.k ns.kkpk f’k{k.kkpk Hkfo”;kr Mksdkowu fopkj djkok ykxsy- xfreku lekt fLFkj f’k{k.k i/nrh lgu dj.kkj ukgh- rlsp xfreku f’k{k.k i/nrh fLFkj v/;kid f’k{k.k [kiowu ?ks.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwu ;kckcr dsoG vktpkp uOgs rj m|kpk fopkj dj.ks vf/kd xjtsps vkgs- Charles F. Kettering Eg.krkr “I am not – interested in the past, I am interested only in the future for there is where I expect to spend the rest of my Life” Eg.kwu m|kph n`”Vh vl.ks vf/kd egRokps vkgs- jk”Vªkpk ntkZ f’k{k.kkP;k xq.koRrsoj voyacwu
vlrks Eg.ktsp f’k{kd & f’k{k.k dk;ZØekaP;k xq.koRrsoj voyacwu vlrs- dksBkjh vk;ksxkP;k vgokykr EgVys vkgs dh] “The destiny the nation is being shaped in her classes” Eg.kwu miØe
vk[krkuk iq<hy ckch y{kkr ?;kO;kr-
1½izf’k{k.kkFkhZ dsafnzr f’k{kd f’k{k.k & l/;kph f’k{k.k i/nrh fo|kFkhZ dsafnzr vkgs- rOnr f’k{kd f’k{k.kkps dk;ZØegh izf’k{k.kkFkhZ dsafnzr vlys ikfgtsr- R;klkBh Lo;a v/;;u] losZ{k.k] {ksf=; dke izkR;f{kds o izkR;kf{kdkae/;s oSdfYidrk BsoY;kus izf’k{k.kkFkhZ vkiY;k vkoMh vfHk#phuqlkj izkR;f{kdkph fuoM d#u rs iw.kZ djrhy-
Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 765 Lrjkoj f’k{kd f’k{k.kk laca/khP;k dk;ZØekaph vk[k.kh d#u lq;ksX; ekuoh laca/k izLrkfir d#u
Learning Webs, Learning to be gh ;qusLdksph ladYiuk izR;{kkr ;sbZy-
4½mn~cks/ku oxkZps vk;kstu & fo|kihBh; f’k{k.k foHkkxkps f’k{k.k izeq[k] f’k{k.k’kkL= egkfo|ky;kaps izkpk;Z] izk/;kid ;kauh f’k{kd & f’k{k.kkr th uoizorZus ;srkr rh ;ksX; izdkjs jkcfo.;klkBh osGksosGh mn~cks/ku oxkZps vk;kstu djkos- rTKkaekQZr ekxZn’kZu o vko’;drsuqlkj izkR;f{kds nk[kfoyh tkohr- 5½ljko ikBkaph xq.kkRedrk ok<fo.ks & ljkoikB gk f’k{kd f’k{k.k dk;ZØekapk vkRek vkgs- R;kph xq.kkRedrk ok<fo.;klkBh lw{e v/;kiu o fofo/k fo”k;kae/khy vkn’kZ ikBkaps fOgfMvks ‘kqfVax d#u fo|kF;kZauk nk[kfoys ikfgtsr- ikBkaps ;ksX; ewY;ekiu d#u izR;kHkj.k dsys ikfgts- R;keqGs ljkoikBkaph xq.kkRedrk ok<fork ;sbZy-
6½ uohu dYiukapk Lohdkj & f’k{kd f’k{k.kkps dk;ZØe xfr’khy dj.;klkBh uohu dYiukapk Lohdkj dj.ks vko’;d vkgs- ;qusLdksP;k vkarjjk”Vªh; vk;ksxkP;k vgokykr lkafxrys f’k{k.kkps pkj LraHk
(Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, Learning to be) fo”k; f’k{k.k
;klkj[;k ykHknk;d dYiukapk Lohdkj dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-
7½mnkjhdj.k] [kktxhdj.k o tkxfrdhdj.k ;kapk fopkj & mnkjhdj.k o [kktxhdj.kkaeqGs f’k{kd izf’k{k.k laLFkkaph la[;k ok<yh o xq.koRrk <klGyh- ek= tkxfrdhdj.kkpk fopkj djrk f’k{kd f’k{k.kkr xq.koRrk jkfgy vls miØe vk[k.;kph xjt fuekZ.k >kyh-
8½f’k{kd f’k{k.k dk;ZØekr lekurk & fo|kihBkauk Lok;Rrrk fnysyh vkgs- R;keqGs izR;sd fo|kihBkpk f’k{kd f’k{k.k vH;klØe osxGk jkg.kkjp i.k R;kr Qkj rQkor vlw u;s- fujfujkG;k fo|kihBkrhy vH;klØe isilZph la[;k] xq.k ewY;kekiu i/nrh bR;knhr lekurk vl.ks vko’;d vkgs-
9½dkGkuw#i ;ksX; i/nrhpk] ra=kpk okij & ikjaikfjd i/nr deh d#u brj v/;kiu i/nrhapk okij dsyk ikfgts- mnk- & ifjlaokn] ‘kks/ku] iFkdppkZ] lewg v/;kiu] ICT b- uohu ewY;ekiu ra=kapk
okij dsyk ikfgts- mnk- & Js.kh i/nrh] lrr o loZd”k ewY;ekiu
10½lkekftd laidZ ok<fo.kkÚ;k miØekaps vk;kstu & lektkr lkekftd tkf.kok fuekZ.k d#u lkekftd fodkl lk/k.;klkBh O;k[;kus] f’kchjs] izn’kZus] lgfopkj lHkk] izkS< f’k{k.k dqVaqc losZ{k.k b- miØek}kjs lkekftd laidZ lk/k.ks vko’;d vkgs-
11½ uSfrd f’k{k.kkph rjrwn & lektkrhy n`”ÑR;s u”V dj.;klkBh ekuoh ewY;kaps laLdkj gk miØe jkcfo.ks vko’;d vkgs- f’k{kd f’k{k.kkr uSfrd f’k{k.kkph rjrwn vlyh ikfgts- ts.ks d#u lqlaLÑr o pkfj«;laiUu f’k{kd ?kMsy o ns’kkph uSfrd maph ok<sy-
12½ r.kko O;oLFkkiu & vktpk ;qod rk.kr.kko] oSQY; ;krwu tkr vkgs- R;keqGs R;kaP;k ‘kDrhpk ;ksX; okij u dsY;kus xqUgsxkjh ok<yh Eg.kwu fo|kFkhZ rk.k r.kkoeqDr dj.;klkBh R;kaP;k leL;k tk.kwu ?ksowu R;kauk leqins’ku dj.;kph xjt vkgs-
13½ uksdjh] O;olk; ekxZn’kZukph lks; & ;keqGs f’k{k.k o uksdjh gs lehdj.k cuys vkgs- uksdjhP;k la/kh dksBs miyC/k vkgsr ;kps ekxZn’kZu dj.ks vko’;d vkgs- mnk- & O;fDreRo fodkl dsanz- 14½ f’k{kd f’k{kd laLFkkaph lqlTtr & HkkSfrd] vkfFkZd] ekuoh ;k loZ n`”Vhauh f’k{kd lqlTt vlyk ikfgts- mnk- & lqlTt bekjr] iz;ksx’kkGk] xzaFkky;] vkfFkZdlqcRrk b- loZ xks”Vh vlrhy rj f’k{kd f’k{k.kkr xq.koRrk vk.krk ;sbZy-
Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 766 vthou f’k{k.k] thou tx.;kps dkS’kY;] js’kehfdM;kaph iSnkl] ‘kS{kf.kd lk/ku fufeZrh b- vH;klØekr Bso.ks-
16½ laLÑrh lao/kZu o ewY;ekiu & Kku] dyk] dkS’kY;] pkfyfjrh ;kaps tru o laØe.k MksGli.ks djkos ykxrs- tqus rs lksus o uos rs gos gs rRo lksMwu l|ifjfLFkrhr ts mi;ksxh vkgs- R;kpk Lohdkj djkok- R;klkBh laLFkkae/;s lrr iz;ksx la’kks/ku foLrkj dk;Z pkyys ikfgts-
17½Lora= fo|kihBkaph LFkkiuk & ;keqGs ‘kS{kf.kd ntkZ mapkosy- Eg.ktsp yk[kks yksdkaP;k f’k{k.kkr gks.kkjh lq/kkj.kk y{kkr ?ksryh rj f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkr dsysyh xaqro.kwd fdQk;r’khj B# ‘kdsy-
18½ f’k{k.k’kkL= egkfo|ky;kauk Lok;Rrk ns.ks & lqlTt o xq.koRrko/kZd egkfo|ky;kauk Lok;rRrk feGkyh ikfgts- dkj.k & osxGk vH;klØe lrr iz;ksx] la’kks/ku dk;Z gkrh ?ksrys tkbZy o ‘kS{kf.kd ntkZ mapkosy-
19½ lkeqnkf;d thou miØekaps vk;kstu & lek;kstu lk/k.;klkBh o fo|kF;kZapk lokZafx.k fodkl lk/k.;klkBh iq<hy miØe vko’;d vkgsr- mnk & lgdkjh HkaMkj pkyfo.ks] lgyh dk<.ks] vH;kliwjd o vH;klsRrj dk;ZØe jkcfo.ks-
20½ ‘kkys; vuqHkwrh dk;ZØe & f’k{kd r;kj dj.;krhy ‘kS{kf.kd vuqHko dk;ZØe gk egRokpk Hkkx vkgs- dsoG ikB laifo.;koj Hkj u nsrk ;k dk;ZØekph mfn~n”Vs lk/; dj.;klkBh fu;kstu djkos- 21½ Nk=lsokdkG rjrwn & Nk= lsokdky gk O;kolkf;d r;kjhpk ,d vR;ar egRokpk Hkkx vkgs- ;k dkGkr mRre vuqHkoh f’k{kdkaP;k ekxZn’kZuk[kkyh v/;kiu ljko dsyk tkrks- mnk- & v/;kiu] fujh{k.k] fu;kstu] x`gikB rikl.kh b- vuqHko ;srks- ;k dkGkr izf’k{k.kkFkhZauh fo|kosru |kos-
22½ leUo; & vkn’kZ f’k{kd fufeZrhlkBh f’k{kd izf’k{kdkalkBh fofo/k izf’k{k.k oxkZph ;kstuk dsyh ikfgts- Eg.kwu U.G.C., NCTE, NCERT, SCERT, ikB;iqLrd fufeZrh o vH;klØe la’kks/ku eaMG
;kaP;k dk;ZØekae/;s leUo; vlkok-
v'kk izdkjs ojhy loZ ckchapk fopkj d#u m|kkP;k f’k{kd f’k{k.kkph vk[k.kh dsyh ikfgts- ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke ;kaps 2020 yk Hkkjr egklRrk cufo.;kps LoIu lkdkj djko;kps vlsy rj R;klkBhps lokZr egRokps ek/;e f’k{k.k o rs f’k{k.k ns.kkjs f’k{kd r;kj dj.kkjs f’k{kd f’k{k.k ;ke/;s lq/kkj.kk >kyh ikfgts-
lanHkZ lwph &
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