Lopez, Quezon
BUDGET OF WORK PRETEST
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
WEEK NUMBER TOPIC NUMBER OF DAYS STRATEGIES/ACTIVITIES
1-3
Nature of Inquiry and Research 12 Lecture/Discussion using PowerPoint presentations, (but not limited to
audio/visual presentations)
Group Activities, research works thru the use of ICT 4-5
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the
Problem 8 Collaborative work, buzz sessions, Interactive presentations
6-10
Learning from Others and Reviewing the
Literature 20 Audio/visual presentation, recitations, group activities, brainstormingsessions, web quests
11-13
Understanding Data and Ways to
Systematically Collect Data 12 Problem solving methods, inquiry learning, powerpoint presentations, classpresentations, paper and pencil tests
14-17
Finding Answers through Data Collection 16 Presentations thru the use of ICT, designing charts, gallery walk, recitations
18-20
Reporting and Sharing Findings 12 Research Defense, public speaking exercises, vocabulary enhancement,
presentations
LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION PRETEST
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Learning Objectives Number of
Days Easy 60% Average 30% Difficult 10% Item Placement Total Item 1. Decide on suitable quantitative research
in the Technical-Vocational Education – ICT field
a. Identify the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and kinds of quantitative research
b. Differentiate kinds of variables and their uses
c. Explain the importance of quantitative research 12 3 2 1 Easy Item 3, 10,11 6 items Average Item 5, 9 Difficult Item 7 2. Formulate the statement of a research
problem clearly
a. State research questions effectively b. Indicate and cite benefits and
beneficiaries of the study
8 2 1 Easy Item 6, 14 3 items Average Item 4 Difficult -3. select, cite, and synthesize judiciously
related literature and use sources according to ethical standards
a. formulate clearly conceptual framework, research hypotheses (if appropriate), and define terms used in study
b. present objectively written review of related literature and conceptual framework 20 6 3 1 Easy Item 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25 10 items Average Item 8, 26, 27 Difficult Item 12 4. Describe adequately quantitative research
designs, sample, instrument used, intervention (if applicable), data collection, and analysis procedures
a. Identify data collection procedures b. Compute and present data results using statistical treatments
12 4 2 Easy Item 1, 15, 16, 17 6 items Average Item 2, 19 Difficult -5. Gather and analyze data with intellectual
honesty, using suitable techniques.
a. Find various ways in plotting data using graphs
b. Interpret data in tabular and graphical forms
c. use statistical techniques to analyze data
16 5 2 1 Easy Item 31, 33, 36, 37, 38 8 items Average Item 24, 39, Difficult Item 23
a. Identify the parts of research output b. make recommendations based on conclusions
c. write and present clear research output 12 4 2 1 Item 29,32, 34, 35 7 Average Item 30,40 Difficult Item 28
TOTAL 80 days 24 items 12 items 4 items 40 items Prepared by:
JENSEN RYAN T. LIM Subject Teacher Checked By:
CLEMENCIA V. CALUBAYAN Department Head, TLE
Approved By:
SIONY A. GABOTERO, EdD Secondary School Principal IV
LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 NAME: ____________________________________ DATE:________________ SECTION: _________________________ SCORE: ______________
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of your desired answer on the space provided. Choose only ONE answer, for which you can ought to say “the right one”.
Avoid Erasures.
_____ 1. When every member of the accessible population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study, the researcher is using
a. Simple random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. Convenience sampling d. purposive sampling
_____ 2. If a researcher selected five schools at random and then interviewed each of the teachers in those five schools, the researcher used
a. Simple random sampling c. stratified random sampling b. Convenience sampling d. cluster random sampling c.
_____ 3. Which of the following threats to internal validity arises when an event other than the treatment produces a change in participants’ behavior?
a. Maturation b. history c. testing d. coincidence
_____ 4. How are research questions most often described? a. Arising within a laboratory setting
b. Posed after important factors are identified c. May arise from our everyday life experiences
d. Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inquiry
_____ 5. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
a. They have been investigated before b. They are available to investigate c. They are not of interest to you d. They do not lead to another question d.
_____ 6. Which of the following best describes a hypothesis? a. Statement that you set out to prove
b. Tested by collecting only the data that support it
c. Proposed before a good research question can be developed d. Posits a clear relationship between different factors
_____ 7. Michael hands out a survey to find out the average age and schooling level of his class. What type of research did Michael do?
a. Historical b. Cause-and-effect c. Quasi-experimental d. Descriptive
_____ 8. Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry (note: these are not ALL of the steps in the process)
a. Formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis
b. Reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information
c. Asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis
d. Asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis
_____ 9. What is the major difference between applied and basic research?
a. Basic research takes longer to complete b. Applied research is less important
c. Basic research is more traditional d. Basic research has no immediate application _____ 10. When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called?
a. hair color b. blue eyes c. party affiliation d. favorite type of M&M® _____ 12. How is the independent variable different from the dependent variable?
a. the independent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the dependent variable
b. the dependent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the independent variable
c. dependent and independent variables are only used when researchers are not interested in looking at the effects of one thing on another, but only in how variables may be related
d. the independent variable is a variable not included in the experiment, but is related to one of the variables in the experiment
_____ 13. A control variable can best be defined by which of the following statements? a. influences the independent variable b. has no observable effect
c. cannot be removed or controlled d. influences the dependent variable _____ 14. The null hypothesis represents which of the following statements?
a. no relationship between the variables under study
b. a positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables c. a negative relationship between the independent and dependent variables d. a difference between the variables under study
_____ 15. Which type of study may NOT have an implied null hypothesis?
a. Correlational b. descriptive c. quasi-experimental d. experimental _____ 16. Our job as researchers is to eliminate ___________ as a factor contributing to differences between
groups.
a. Chance b. change c. hypothesis d. average
_____ 17. Why is a null hypothesis said to be implied?
a. It's always directly tested. b. It’s never directly tested. c. You do not need to test it to know that it is false. d. It is stated in a question form. _____ 18. What does a good research question usually pursue?
a. a small part of a broad topic b. a topic unrelated to any other topics c. the same thing as the null hypothesis d. a broad topic
_____ 19. Which is the key criterion for selecting a dependent variable?
a. sensitivity of the variable to changes in the independent variable b. measurement capabilities in the experiment
c. relationship of the dependent variable to the independent variable d. preference of the researcher
_____ 20. Which of the following best describes independent variables?
a. not manipulated by the experimenter b. manipulated to assess the effect of the treatment c. unrelated to the treatment d. not necessary
_____ 21. Sampling allows researchers to overcome the problem of which of the following? a. overcrowded laboratories b. biased subject response
c. not having access to the whole population d. not having access to the proper statistical methods _____22. The interpretation of “differences are significant” means that the differences found
are_________________.
a. probably not due to chance b. due to chance
c. creative outcomes d. not dictated by the hypothesis
_____ 23. If you read that a study’s finding was significant at the p < .05 level, you could conclude that there is a less than 5% probability that _____________________________.
a. the results will translate to real world situations
b. most researchers in that area would consider the finding to have clinical meaning c. the researchers used unreliable measures
_____ 24. Why is it important to choose a representative sample of the population?
a. increase statistical precision b. determine group differences c. maximize generalizability of results d. find significant results
_____ 25. There will be no relationship between children's time in day care and later academic achievement. This is an example of which of the following?
a. a research hypothesis b. a factorial design
c. a correlational hypothesis d. a null hypothesis
_____ 26. The best dependent variable is defined by which of the following characteristics? a. independent of any other variable in the same study
b. sensitive to changes in the treatment c. can be manipulated by the researcher d. interacts with the independent variable
_____ 27. The significance level reported in a research study can be explained by which of the following? a. importance of the results to the benefit of society
b. statistical methods to determine the results of the study
c. risk associated with not being 100% confident the difference is due to the treatment d. importance of the results to the benefit of an individual
_____ 28. Dr. Gabotero found a statistically significant relationship between gender and aggressive playground activity. Dr. Gabotero can conclude which of the following?
a. The effect of gender on aggressive playground activity is likely due to chance. b. The relationship is probably coincidence.
c. The effect of gender on aggressive playground activity is likely not due to chance. d. Gender causes aggressive playground activity.
_____ 29. In testing whether riding a bicycle at least 30 minutes each day reduces weight, what would be the independent variable?
a. the person’s age b. amount of time bicycling each day
c. the person’s weight d. the person’s diet
_____ 30. The researcher notices that the vocabulary level is also associated with intelligence level, so he determines that the research design must hold the level of intelligence constant to get a good idea of the relationship between pleasure reading and vocabulary level. Intelligence here is an example of what type of variable?
a. moderator variable b. dependent variable
c. control variable d. extraneous variable
_____ 31. Which of the following threats to internal validity arises when participants in one group develop at a faster rate than participants in another group?
a. Additive effect of selection and testing b. additive effect of selection and history
c. additive effect of selection and maturation d. additive effect of selection and instrumentation _____ 32. Research done in natural settings is
a. more likely to involve applied research than basic research. b. equally likely to involve applied research or basic research. c. more likely to involve basic research than applied research. d. Equally likely to involve basic research than applied research.
_____ 33. When there is communication between the groups in a true experiment or in a quasi-experiment, which of the following threats to internal validity could occur?
a. Hawthorne effects b. demand characteristics c. regression effects d. contamination effects
_____ 34. Which of the following quasi-experimental designs involves the comparison of a control and a treatment group that have been established on some basis other than random assignment with both groups given only a pretest and a posttest?
a. Simple time-series design b. non equivalent control group design
a. Assessment of needs b. outcome evaluation
c. process evaluation d. program planning
_____ 36. Factorial designs are experiments that can best be defined by which of these statements? a. Have one independent variable
b. Have one dependent variable
c. Have more than one independent variable d. Are tested on math problems
_____ 37. Population generalizability refers to
a. conclusions researchers make about a random sample.
b. conclusions researchers make about information uncovered in research study. c. the degree to which a sample represents the population of interest.
d. the degree to which results of a study can be extended to other settings or conditions.
_____ 38. The degree to which results of a study can be extended to other settings or conditions describes ______________.
a. population generalizability
b. conclusions researchers make about a random sample.
c. conclusions researchers make about information uncovered in research study. d. ecological generalizability.
_____ 39. What does it mean if two variables have a positive correlation? a. As one variable increases, so does the other
b. As one variable increases, the other decreases c. The correlation between variables is 0
d. The correlation between variables is greater than 1 _____ 40. How can we determine if a research has good validity?
a. It produces the same result when it is given at different times to the same group of people b. It produces the same result no matter which version of the test is used
c. It measures what it is supposed to measure
LOPEZ NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL Lopez, Quezon PRETEST PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 KEY TO CORRECTION 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. d 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C
