LTE Paging.docx

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LTE Paging

Paging is the mechanism in which Network tells UE

Paging is the mechanism in which Network tells UE saying "I have something forsaying "I have something for you". Then UE decode the content

you". Then UE decode the content (Paging Cause) of the Paging message and UE(Paging Cause) of the Paging message and UE has to initiate the appropriate the procedure.

has to initiate the appropriate the procedure.

In most cases, this paging process happens while UE i

In most cases, this paging process happens while UE i s in idle mode. This meanss in idle mode. This means that UE has to monitor whether the n

that UE has to monitor whether the networking is sending any paging message to itetworking is sending any paging message to it and it has to spend some energ

and it has to spend some energy(battery) to run this "Monitoring" y(battery) to run this "Monitoring" process.process. If I have to run thi

If I have to run this "Monitoring" process continously even in the idle mode, isn't its "Monitoring" process continously even in the idle mode, isn't it too much waste of engergy ?Yes, it i

too much waste of engergy ?Yes, it is.s.

Is there any way to prevent this kind of energy waste ? There would be no way to Is there any way to prevent this kind of energy waste ? There would be no way to prevent this envergy consumption completely (if you

prevent this envergy consumption completely (if you can come out with any idcan come out with any idea toea to prevent this completely, you don't need to r

prevent this completely, you don't need to r ead this any more.. just do early read this any more.. just do early retireetire and enjoy your life whereever you want to go with huge money coming out of your and enjoy your life whereever you want to go with huge money coming out of your patent -:), but there would be some way to reduce the consumption in great

patent -:), but there would be some way to reduce the consumption in great degree.What is it ? There may b

degree.What is it ? There may be many different way to do the many different way to do this..but most commonis..but most common method (probably easiest to realize) is to make some

method (probably easiest to realize) is to make some 'contract' between UE and'contract' between UE and Network.What kind of contract it would be like ? It i

Network.What kind of contract it would be like ? It i s like "Hey.. Mr. Net..don't sends like "Hey.. Mr. Net..don't send the paging method continuously.. just transmit it in

the paging method continuously.. just transmit it in a kind of burst mode with a kind of burst mode with aa certain interval. I will go sleep when you are not transmitting Paging and I will j certain interval. I will go sleep when you are not transmitting Paging and I will j ustust wake up exactly at the time you are transmitting the paging

wake up exactly at the time you are transmitting the paging message".This way UEmessage".This way UE can save the battery while it is in

can save the battery while it is in sleep and can get the paging sleep and can get the paging message as well. Itmessage as well. It means that UE is recieving some

means that UE is recieving some data from the network data from the network "discontinously". This kind"discontinously". This kind of reception mechanism is called DRX (Discontinous Reception).Here we have an of reception mechanism is called DRX (Discontinous Reception).Here we have an important question. How can UE knows the exact timing when th

important question. How can UE knows the exact timing when th e Network send thee Network send the paging ? The simplest solution for this would

paging ? The simplest solution for this would be to make another contract aboutbe to make another contract about "Paging transmission timing". you see the logic ?

"Paging transmission timing". you see the logic ?

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 Overview on Paging MechanismOverview on Paging Mechanism 

 Paging Parameters in SIB2Paging Parameters in SIB2 

 Paging Occasion and Paging FramePaging Occasion and Paging Frame 

 UE ID in PagingUE ID in Paging 

 TTCN for Paging Cycle CalculationTTCN for Paging Cycle Calculation 

 Examples of Paging MessageExamples of Paging Message

Overview on Paging Mechanism Overview on Paging Mechanism

i) During the idle mode, UE gets into and stay in sleeping mode defined in DRX cycle i) During the idle mode, UE gets into and stay in sleeping mode defined in DRX cycle (Discontinous Receive Cycle). (This DRX is cycle is defined in SIB2)

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ii) UE periodically wake up and monitor PDCCH in order to check for the presence of a paging message(UE looks for any information encrypted by P-RNTI)

iii) If the PDCCH indicates that a paging message is transmitted in the subframe, then UE needs to demodulate the PCH to see i f the paging message is directed to it. Note : Paging messages are sent by a MME to all eNodeBs in a Tracking Area and those eNodeBs in a Tracking Area is transmitting the same paging message.

Note : Each eNodeB can contain cells belonging to different tracking areas but each cell can only belong to one Tracking Area.

Paging Parameters in SIB2

BCCH-DL-SCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE +-message ::= CHOICE [c1]

+-c1 ::= CHOICE [systemInformation] +-systemInformation ::= SEQUENCE

+-criticalExtensions ::= CHOICE [systemInformation-r8] +-systemInformation-r8 ::= SEQUENCE [0]

+-sib-TypeAndInfo ::= SEQUENCE OF SIZE(1..maxSIB[32]) [1] | +- ::= CHOICE [sib2] | +-sib2 ::= SEQUENCE [00]

...

Now it's time to get into the official specification. Pasing Occasion and Paging Frame

There are two most important terminologies wh ich is PF(Paging Frame) and

PO(Paging Occasion). 3GPP 36.304 - [7 Paging] explain this two terms as follows : * Paging Occasion (PO) is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on PDCCH addressing the paging message.

* Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame, which may contain one or multiple Paging Occasion(s).

As you know, LTE has two timing units as many of other technology. Timing Unit in Frame scale (SFN : System Frame Number) is one unit and the timing unit in subframe level (Subframe Number). It means that you have to know both SFN and Subframe Number to locate exact position in LTE time domain. Regarding the

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paging cycle, PF(Paging Frame) + PO(Paging Occasion) let you know the exact timing when UE has to wake up to catch the paging message being sent to it. Let's tackle the PF first.

PF = SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)

Then where does T come from ? According to 36.304, T is defined as follows : T is DRX cycle of the UE. T is determined by the shortest of the UE specific DRX value, if allocated by upperlayers, and a default DRX value broadcast in system

information . If UE specific DRX is not configured by upperlayers, the default value is applied.

It means UE can get the T from two different source, one from the system information (SIB2, IE defaultPagingCycle) and the one from upper layer. Then which value does UE has to use ? It depends on the situation. If upper layer send the value, it use the value from the uppder layer, otherwise UE has to use the value from SIB2.

Then let's think about where does other values come from. These values are defined as follows in the specification.

N = min(T, nB), which means the smaller one among T and nB.

nB can be any one of 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8, T/16, T/32, which comes from SIB2 (IE nB).

nB 4T 2T T 1/2 T 1/4 T 1/8 T 1/16 T 1/32 T

N 1 1 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32

There is some rare cases where UE specifies "UE Specific DRX value" (as described in 36.304) via Attach Request or Tracking Area Update Request as shown below.

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Refer to 24.008 10.5.5.6 DRX parameter for the details.

< 24.008 Table 10.5.139/3GPP TS 24.008: DRX parameter information element >

UE_ID = IMSI mod 1024, where IMSI should be used in Decimal format and is stored in USIM.

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By this, we got PF now. Then what is the next step ? We have to get PO (Paging Occasion).

36.304 defines PO as follows :

As you see the table,

i) When Ns = 1, there can be only one paging occation (only one subframe where paging message is carried) within a Paging Frame and the subframe number is 9.

ii) When Ns = 2, there can be two paging occations (two subframes where paging message is carried) within a Paging Frame and the subframe number is 4 and 9.

iii) When Ns = 4, there can be four paging occations (four subframes where paging message is carried) within a Paging Frame and the subframe number is 0,4,5 and 9.

From the table, we can figure out PO if we get i_s. Then how to get i_s ?

We already explained how to get N. We only have to know Ns now. 36.104 defines Ns as follows:

Ns = max(1, nB/T), which means that Ns is the l arger value between 1 and NB/T.

nB 4T 2T T 1/2 T 1/4 T 1/8 T 1/16

Ns 4 2 1 1 1 1 1

UE ID in Paging Message

If you see the ue-identity field (IE) of Paging message, you will see there are two choices, s-TMSI and IMSI.

Which type of UE ID is commonly used. The answer is s-TMSI. If everything is normal, Network send Paging with s-TMSI, but if something (e.g, Network Failure) happens during registration and it fails to allocate TMSI to the UE, NW would send Paging with IMSI.

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If UE get the paging with IMSI, it should tear down all the existing Bearer and delete TAI, TAI List, KSIASMI and get into EMM-DEREGISTERED status. And then redo 'Attach Request'.

TTCN for Paging Cycle Calculation

Even though I tried to explain clearly, exact paging cycle calcuation is pretty confusing procedures. If you are interested in exact steps of Paging Cycle Calculation, I would recommend you to refer to TTCN source code from ETSI. Refer to following two functions in EUTRA_Paging.ttcn

i) function f_EUTRA_GetPagingCycleValue ( DefaultPagingCycle_Typep_PagingCycle)

ii) functionf_EUTRA_Calculate_PF_PO ( SystemFrameNumber_Type p_Sfn,

DefaultPagingCycle_Typep_T,

PCCH_Config.nB p_Nb, hexstring p_Imsi,

EUTRA_FDD_TDD_Mode_Typep_Fdd_Tdd )

Refer to Where can I get TTCN and Viewer ?if you want to get TTCN source code and TTCN Viewer.

Examples of Paging Message Example 1 > - Paging with s-TMSI PCCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE

+-message ::= CHOICE [c1] +-c1 ::= CHOICE [paging]

+-paging ::= SEQUENCE [1000]

+-pagingRecordList ::= SEQUENCE OF SIZE(1..maxPageRec[16]) [1] OPTIONAL:Exist

| +-PagingRecord ::= SEQUENCE

| +-ue-Identity ::= CHOICE [s-TMSI] | | +-s-TMSI ::= SEQUENCE

| | +-mmec ::= BIT STRING SIZE(8) [00000001] | | +-m-TMSI ::= BIT STRING SIZE(32)

[00000000000000000000000000000001]

| +-cn-Domain ::= ENUMERATED [ps]

+-systemInfoModification ::= ENUMERATED OPTIONAL:Omit +-etws-Indication ::= ENUMERATED OPTIONAL:Omit

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+-nonCriticalExtension ::= SEQUENCE OPTIONAL:Omit

Example 2 > - Paging with IMSI PCCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE

+-pagingRecordList ::= SEQUENCE OF SIZE(1..maxPageRec[16]) [1] OPTIONAL:Exist

| +-PagingRecord ::= SEQUENCE

| +-ue-Identity ::= CHOICE [imsi]

+-systemInfoModification ::= ENUMERATED OPTIONAL:Omit +-etws-Indication ::= ENUMERATED OPTIONAL:Omit

+-nonCriticalExtension ::= SEQUENCE OPTIONAL:Omit

Example 3 > - Paging for ETWS PCCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE

+-pagingRecordList ::= SEQUENCE OF OPTIONAL:Omit

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+-etws-Indication ::= ENUMERATED [true] OPTIONAL:Exist +-nonCriticalExtension ::= SEQUENCE OPTIONAL:Omit

Example 4 > - Paging for system Info Modification RRC_LTE:PCCH-Message

PCCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE +-message ::= CHOICE [c1]

+-c1 ::= CHOICE [paging]

+-pagingRecordList ::= SEQUENCE OF OPTIONAL:Omit

+-systemInfoModification ::= ENUMERATED [true] OPTIONAL:Exist +-etws-Indication ::= ENUMERATED OPTIONAL:Omit