home made toys

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(2) NY PUBLIC LIBRARY. THE BRANCH LIBRARIES. 3 3333 02373 6214.

(3) 'TOE CENTRAL CHILDREN'S. PONNELL LIBRARY CENTER SST 53 STREET IYQRK, N.Y. 10019. ROOM.

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(5) HOME-MADE TOYS. FOR GIRLS AND BOYS.

(6) BOOKS BY 8vo. Cloth.. A.. NE ELY HALL. Illustrated with f undreds of full-pagt. and working drawings by the author and Norman P. Hall. THE BOY CRAFTSMAN. (. Price net $. 1. .60. I. Postpaid. 1. .82. .. HANDICRAFT FOR HANDY BOYS. THE HANDY BOY. LOT HROP, LEE & SHEPA RD. Price net $ 2 °° \ (. Postpaid. <. Price net $ 1.60. (. Postpaid. CO.,. 2.25. 1.82. BOSTON.

(7) CHAPTER. I. Home-made Windmills. —. —. The Paper Pinwheel The Pinion-wheel Windmill To mount the The Four-blade Windmill To mount the Windmill The Hub— The Eight Blades The The Eight-blade Windmill The Tail To pivot the Windmill To operate a Toy JumpShaft Pinion-wheel. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. ing-Jack.. CHAPTER. II. Home-made Kites. How. —. —. —. Framing the Sticks Covermake a Malay The Sticks Flying-line The BoxAttaching the Bridle Framework Covering for the End The Side Frames The Kite Sticks kite A Good Hand Assembling the Kite Attaching the Bridle Cells A Body Kite-reel. Kite-reel to. —. ing the. —. — —. — —. —. —. —. —. CHAPTER. III. A Home-made Model Aeroplane. —. The Most Successful Type of Accuracy in Model Construction The Thrust Bearings— The Bow Hooks Model The Fuselage HowThe Propellers The Fin The Elevator The Main Plane. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. The PropellerThe Propeller Blank How the The Home-made Motor-winder Motors Position Care in winding the Motors Egg-beater winds the Motors to take for launching a Model.. to. prepare the Propellers. shafts. — The. —. —. CHAPTER A Home-made Toy. — —. IV. Motor-boat. Hull Bottom — The Sides — The Deck — The — The Propeller-shaft— The Bearing Plate — The Thrust Bearing — The Rubber-band Motor — To wind the Motor— How. How. operated. — The. Propeller. to. elaborate. upon the Design and Construction. vii.

(8) CONTENTS. viii. CHAPTER V. PAGE. Home-made Toy Water-motors. A. Varnish-can Water-motor. — The. Eight Paddles. — The. 38. — The Case — The Water- motor Wheel Wheel. Shaft. — An. Outlet—. A. Pulley-. — Pulley-wheels — Connecting up the Water-motor — Another Water-motor — The Water-motor Wheel — The Wheel Supports — To mount the Wheel — The Pulley Wheel — The Water-motor Case.. belt. CHAPTER. VI. A Home-made Toy Railway. 47. — Supports for Trolley-line — Power for Operating — Railway — Tracks — The Cars — A Gondola Car — A Street Car — Other Cars — Operation of the Railway — A Station. The. Trolley-line. CHAPTER. VII. Home-made Toy Elevators. A Toy. 59. Elevator that appears Magical in. its. — Adapting — The Elevator Counter-balance —. Operation. Building — Floors — Toy — The Elevator Guides — The Cables — The The Smoke-stack — The Overhead Pulleys — How the Car operates — — To make the Car Rise — A Simple Control — Two Levers — An Outdoor Elevator —'The Guide Supports — The Car — The Cable — The Lowering Guides — The Counter-balance — The. Elevator to. Partitions. Office. Car. Ballast. Lifting. Cable.. CHAPTER. VIII. .71. Home-made Mechanical Toys Whirligig. —. — — Toy — To make. A Buzz-saw Mechanical Toys A Toy The Clog-dancer Operating the Whirligig. The Simple Construction Jumping-Jack. —A. of Small. Cricket-rattle. — — The Turtle. the. Turtle Crawl.. CHAPTER Home-made Tops Top Spinning on Rug-tack Top. —A. Shoe-polish Can. How. the. 79 the South Sea Islands. Spool Top. Top. Top Spins. IX. —A. —A. Spiral. — Clock Wheel Tops — A. —A —. Spinning Top Race-track 'A Merry-go-round Top. Top. —. — Horses and Riders — A Flag..

(9) CONTENTS. ix. CHAPTER X. PAGE. Home-made Clockwork Toys The Necessary. Materials. — How. prepare the Clockwork. to. — The. 88. — — The Tent-poles — The — — — — Girl Riders — The Boy Riders — The Platform — How operate the Merry-go-round — Other Animals — A Miniature Ferris Wheel — The Standard — The Clockwork Motor — The Station Platform — The Wheel — Rims — Hubs — Spokes — Assembling the Wheel — The Cars — Axles — How mount the Wheel — The Platform Steps — The "Flying Airships — The Standard — The Mast — The Cars — Increasing the Speed of the Clockwork — An Electric Motor — An Automobile — The Frame — The Belt — Testing the Machine — The Cardboard Sides — The Wheels — The Mud-guards — The Lamps — The Steering-wheel — The Horn — The Brake — The Chauffeur — Painting the Machine — An Automobile Delivery Wagon — The Cardboard Sides — The Wheels — Other Portions — Painting the Wagon — A Clockwork Railway. Merry-go-round The Standard The Tent The Sleighs Horses The Shafts The to. to ". CHAPTER Home-made Electrical Toys An Electro-magnet Derrick. XI 117. — The Electro-magnet — A Home-made. — The Derrick — The Windlass —-The Hoisting Cables — How Works — A Toy Shocking Machine — The Induction-coil — The Primary-coil — The Secondary-coil — The Handles — An rupter — How the Interrupter Works — A Toy Electric Motor Truck — The Wheels — The Upper Shaft — The Belts — The Battery — The Bi-chromate Battery Fluid — Amalgamating a Zinc Pencil — The Seat and Canopy-top — The Seat-arms — The Steering-wheel — The Levers. Switch. the Derrick. Inter-. CHAPTER. XII. A Home-made Toy Shooting Gallery. — The. The Framework The Card-shooting. Pistol. 140. Circular Target. — How. to. — The. Animal Targets. number the Targets. — How. — to. shoot at the Targets.. CHAPTER A Home-made. XIII. Doll-house. 145. — The Elevator-shaft — The Side Walls — The Rear Wall — The Front Wall — The Windows— The Roof— The Chimney — An Elevator — The Car— The Guide-wires — The Pulleys — The Chain Cable — The The. Building Material. — The. Floor. Plans— The. Partitions.

(10) CONTENTS. x. — The. — Spring-catches — The Stairway — Stringers — Treads and Risers — Newel-posts — Hand-rails — Balusters — The Front Steps — The Window Openings — The Window Glass — The Front and Rear Doors — The Outside Trimmings — The Interior Woodwork — Setting the Nail-heads — Painting. Counter-balance. PAGE. Gable-ends. CHAPTER XIV Furnishing the Home-made Doll-house The Walls and Ceiling Hardwood Floors Carpets Window-shades Lace Curtains Portieres Pictures corner Buying Furnishings Making Furniture. '. —. —. —. — Rugs — — A Cosey-. —. —. —. —. 156. CHAPTER XV A Home-made Toy. Stable. 160. —. —. —. Dimensions of Stable The First Story -The Roof The GableThe Stall Partitions end The Feed-troughs Windows Ladder to Hay- loft Feed-hoist The Drop-front A Stable Door PaintIf you prefer a Garage. ing. — —. —. —. —. —. —. CHAPTER XVI A Home-made Doll Apartment Building A New Idea in Doll-houses — How the Three. — —. ....... 165. Units are arranged to. —. form a Three-story Building or Six-room Apartment Building Material The Room Dimensions The First Story Unit The Second Story Unit -The Third Story Unit The Door and Window Openings The Bay Windows The Joints between the Units The Roof Construction The Chimney The Windows The Front Door. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. —. — — The Interior Trim — A Fireplace —'Lighting Fixtures — Decorating — Painting the Outside Walls.. The. Inside. —. —. —. Doorways. CHAPTER. XVII. Home-made Doll Furniture. 174. — Material — Drawing the Patterns and Enlarging by Squares — The Chairs — The Settee — Tables — A Dining-room Table — A Sideboard — A Mirror — The Grandfather's Clock — Kitchen Furniture —I e Beds — The Dresser — A Wash-stand — Finishing. Metal Furniture. — Miniature. Mission Furniture. Other Cigar-box Furniture. A. Folding-bed. — A Dresser — A. 187. Wardrobe..

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(12) Figs. 287. and. 288.. An Auto Delivery- Wagon Built (Seepage 192.). of Cigar-Boxes..

(13) HOME-MADE TOYS. FOR GIRLS AND BOYS Wbodenand Cardboard Toys, Mechanical and Eleetr ical Toys. By ANeelyHall Author of"The Boy Craftsman, "Handicraft for Handy Boys, 'The handy Boy "Etc. With over three hundred illustrations andworkbio-orawingrl w <ne author and Nor manP Hall. BOSTON. LOTHROP, LEE &• SHEPARD. CO..

(14) 5. Copyright, 1915, by. LOTHROP, LEE & SHEPARD COMPANY Published, August, 191. All rights reserved. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. THE HEW. :. 'PUBLIC LIE, A8TOR, LENOX AND ^TILOEN FOUNDATIONS.. J. 8.. NottaooU $Tt88 Cushing Co. —Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood. Mass., U.S.A..

(15) 110. H Constructive ideas expel destructive ideas from the juvenile mind.. INTRODUCTORY NOTES Through newspaper. the author's handicraft volumes, and magazine and. articles,. thousands of boys and. make. own. girls. who never. real-. have succeeded in constructing models which would do credit to Santa Claus' master. ized they could. their. toys,. toy-makers.. The. success of this. new home. industry has suggested the. need of a volume devoted entirely to toy-making, and in Homemade Toys for Girls and Boys the author has brought together a large number of the toy ideas from his former handicraft volumes, and from his articles published in the Ladies' Home Journal, Woman's Home Companion, Good Housekeeping, the Boys' Magazine, and other publications, and he believes that as collected and arranged the material will be found a veritable gold-mine of toy-making information. Go to any toy store and price the toys similar to those described within these covers, then estimate if you can how much the other toys you do not find would cost if manufactured, and you, will, discover, that one hundred dollars would not cover their value. is. >. On£. splendid thing about these home-made toys them require little more than the. that the rreater part of. pick-up matenul' found at home.. Few boys and. girls are. given. -assortment of toys at a time, yet any one can own a collection of this value who is willing to spend the time necessary to follow the instructions given in this book. a one .hundred. d'olJar. Probably, though, some of the toys will be wanted now, and the others one, two or three seasons hence, because, you see,. the book. is. an all-the-year-round handy book with suggestions Some of the toys will be of especial interest. for every season.. to boys, yet girls. them. also.. who. like. what boys. like will. enjoy making.

(16) INTRODUCTORY NOTES. vi. Home-made. toys are generally longer lived than store toys. because the boy or. girl. who expends. amount. a certain. of effort. producing gives them better care. Home-made toys have a greater value than boughten ones because there is as much fun making them as playing with them.. Doing something. interesting, getting satisfying results out of the work, putting. an idea into tangible form, and having a toy to show of which it. can be. said, ". I. made. this all myself,". — these are the factors. toy-making so fascinating to boys and girls. It is no less a child's nature to want to do that which is most pleasing to him, than an adult's, so why not encourage. in. wholesome. toy-making to which the child takes duck takes to water ? It trains the mind to think clearly, the hands to work cleverly, replaces destructive thoughts with constructive ideas, and, in making the boy or girl dependent upon himself or herself for toys, is invaluable this. activity of. as readily as a. in. developing resourcefulness.. Recognizing how easily the child's interest is attracted and held by anything of a building nature, toy manufacturers have placed scores of so-called " construction sets. ". upon the market, though excellent as these outfits are, the toys they form are merely assembled, not really mads/by'the/boy cr gfirij and much of the value of making is lost. Exactly as good models as those assembled with "construction se'cs^" cai< be made of. but,. c. -. pick-up materials, as chapters in this book'show.. In fact,. some. of the models in the manufacturers' mstrvictiou pa.r.phlets. merry-go-rounds, Ferris wheels and swings tical. —. almost iden-. with home-made models devised long ago by the author. for his readers. in. — are. Furthermore, there are many, very. Home-made Toys for Girls and Boys which. many. toys. are beyond. the limited possibilities of "construction sets.". A. N. H.. Oak. Park, Illinois,. May. 31, 1915..

(17) CONTENTS CHAPTER. xi. XVIII PAGE 191. Home-made Cigar-box Toys Material Cutting An Express-wagon — A. — — Cart — An Auto De— A Jack-in-the-box — A Round-seated Chair — A Round Center- table — A Dining-table — A Square-seated Chair — A Doll's Cradle — Finishing the Cigar-box Wood.. livery-wagon. CHAPTER XIX Home-made Spool and Cardboard Toys. 196. — A Baby Carriage — A Two-wheel Cart — A Toy Merrygo-round — A Teeter-board — A Doll Swing — A Sofa — A Chair — A Square Center-table — A Round Center-table. Material. CHAPTER XX A Home-made Toy Mail-box. 205. — Material for Mail-box — The Sides, Ends, and Bottom of Box — The Top — The Letter-drop — The Collection-drop — Reinforcing the Corners — Covering the Box — A Collection Schedule Card — How hang up the Mail-box — A Mail-bag — The Way Playing Postman. to. to. play Post-office.. CHAPTER XXI A Home-made. Reflectoscope. The Working Principle One The Lens Opening ment A Hood for the. — —. 210. of the Reflectoscope. — Material for making. — Ventilator Holes — The Interior ArrangeVentilators — Oil Lamps are Used — Electric Light Used — How mount the Lens — Puttying Cracks — Painting the Inside of the Box — The Back Boards — The Picture Holder — How the Lens reverses Pictures — Adjustments. is. Index. .. If. If. to. 215.

(18) HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS. LIST OF. (In addition to 346 text illustrations). Figs. 287. and. An Auto. 288.. 192) Fig.. 48.. Fig. 108.. Fig. 109.. .. .. .. .. Launching the Toy Motor-boat The Buzz-saw whizzes when you. The. built of Cigar. Delivery-wagon .. Eccentric Clog-dancer. twist the. Fig- 115.. The Crawling. Fig. 135-. A A A A. Fig 136. Fig. 137Fig. 138.. Pull the String and Jack. Turtle's Shell. Merry-go-round Clockwork Motor Ferris. is. .. |. 146. J. in. Doll. .. ]. Apartment. Fig. 289.. A A. Fig. 290.. The Skeleton of the Jack-in-the-box. Fig. 291.. A Round-seated Chair A Round Center-table A Dining-table A Square-seated Chair A Doll's Cradle. Fig 326.. Town. the Three Stories are arranged side by. An. Fig- 325-. 76. .. Fig. 285.. Fig- 295.. | J. 104. Fig. 284.. Fig. 294.. 72. .. side to form a Six-room. Fig. 293-. }. J. .. .. How. Fig- 292.. 34. 90. Flying Airship. Fig. 244.. Fig. 220.. Fig. 221.. a Jelly-mould. FACING PAGE. ]. Wheel. Fig. 243-. Fig. 161.. Frontispiece. 1. The Car Completed j The Framework \ The Home-made Doll-house Interior View of Doll-house The Most Stylish Apartments. Fig. 160.. Cord. a Circus in Himself. is. Fig. 114.. no.. •. ..... jumps comically Whirling the Cricket-rattle makes it Chirp. Fig.. Boxes (Page. .. •. Express-wagon. Cart. .. .. .. .. 166 ) J. \. /. Jack-in-the-box. 192 *. .. .. .. .. ). .. |. . |. .. .. .. The Home-made Mail-box strapped to the Face of a Door The Home-made Mail-box strapped to a Chair-back. 194-195.



(21) No more. mechanical toy interesting to. windmill.. material. more. make, nor. interesting to. in operation, than a miniature. very simple toy to construct, and the. It is a. for. can. one. is. watch. making. usually. be. found at hand, which. two reasons why nearly every boy and. are. girl at. one time or an-. other builds one.. The Paper Pinwheel shown in Fig. i is one best. whirlers. ever devised.. A slight. of. the. forward thrust of the. Fig.. i.. — The. Paper Pinwheel. is. the Simplest. Pinwheel to Make.. handle upon which it is mounted starts stick. it. in motion,. and when you run. with the stick extended in front of you. it. whirls at. a. merry speed.. A. piece of paper 8 or 10 inches square. pinwheel.. Fold. this. piece. of. paper. is. needed for the. diagonally from.

(22) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. GIRLS. AND BOYS. Then open. corner to corner, both ways.. the paper, and. with a pair of scissors cut along diagonal. the. from. creases,. the. corners to within J inch of the Next, fold corcenter (Fig. 2).. and. ners A, B, C, center, as. shown. D. over to the. in Fig. 3, run a. pin through the corners and through the center of the sheet Fig.. 2.. —. Diagram. Paper. for. f. paper, drive the point of this. pin. into. and the pinwheel. handle,. will. The Pinion-Wheel Windmill cardboard or. ameter. A. tin.. the. end. the. of. stick. be completed.. in Fig. 4. may. be. made. of. circular piece 10 or 12 inches in di-. required.. is. After marking out the outer edge with. a compass, describe. an. inner. about side of. two. inch. 1. it. circle. ;. in-. then draw. through. lines. the center at right angles to each other,. and another pair an angle. of 45 de-. grees tO These. at. these.. lines are. Fig.. 3.. — How the Paper Pinwheel. shown by the heavy f. is. Folded.. radial lines in Fig.. 5..

(23) HOME-MADE WINDMILLS One-half inch from each of these lines draw a parallel line,. by. as indicated. dotted lines in Fig.. The next thing is. 5.. do. to. to cut out the disk,. and cut along the heavy. lines. far as the. lines. shown gram. the. in (Fig.. as. just. 5),. are dia-. and. SPOOL HUB. then to bend up the. blades thus separated, of. to. an angle. Fig. 4.. — A Pinion- Wheel Windmill.. about 45 degrees, bending on the second. set of radial. lines (dotted lines in Fig. 5).. You had better make a cardboard pinion-wheel first,. then a tin one after-. wards, as cardboard. is. so. much easier to cut. A pair of heavy shears. will. be neces-. sary for cutting a tin wheel,. and a cold. chisel for separat-. ing the edges of the blades. Fig.. Diagram. for. Pinion- Wheel. Windmill.. To Mount Wheel drive. the a. Pinion-. long. nail. through the center, through the hole in a spool, and into the. end. of a stick.. Then. nail the stick to a post or a fence top..

(24) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. GIRLS. The Four-blade Windmill shown and 1 inch thick. inches in diameter. in Fig. 6 has a. hub 4. This should. (Fig. 7).. Draw two. be cut out of hard wood.. AND BOYS. lines across. one. face,. through the center, and at right angles to each other.. Then carry. these lines across the edge of the block, not. at right angles to the sides, but at an angle of 45 degrees.. Saw along these lines depth of if The ends of inches. to a. the windmill blades are to. fit. these. in. slots.. Cut the blades equal. size,. long,. 5. on. and. the. of. 9 inches. inches wide. wide. edge,. i| inches wide. on the narrow edge, Fig. 6. Fig.. 7.. Fig.. 8.. — A Four-blade Windmill. — Hub. — How to Slot End Shaft of. position, pivot the. hub. and tail. to. which the hub. slotted with a. may. for Tail.. end. 6).. With the blades. in. of the windmill shaft,. The end. pivoted. is. opposite. whittled. size as the blades,. to. round,. to receive a tail (Fig. 8).. be of the same. shown shorter. Mount. saw. is. in. the slots with nails.. to the. a stick 20 inches long (Fig. that. and fasten them. though. The it. is. in the illustration.. the Windmill. upon a. post, pivoting its shaft at.

(25) HOME-MADE WINDMILLS balancing. the. center. with. a. and the windmill. the pivot,. or. nail. enough so the shaft. hole large. will. will. 5. Bore a. screw.. turn. upon. freely. thus keep headed into. the wind.. The Eight-blade Windmill in Fig. 9 has a spool hub 10), and blades made of cigar-box wood, shingles, tin, or cardboard (Fig. 11). You will see by Figs. 10 and (Fig.. Fig.. 9.. — An Eight-blade Windmill.. 11 that the blades are nailed to the side of short sticks,. and the. the. this. shaft. shaft. (Figs. 12. For the at. stick. (Fig.. slotted. is. and. are. The hub. hub.. the spool of. sticks. driven into turns 12),. to. holes. spoke. bored in. on the rounded end. and the square end. receive. the. fan-shaped. of tail. 13).. Hub. use a large ribbon-spool.. any drygoods. store.. You can. get one. Locate eight holes around the.

(26) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. AND BOYS. GIRLS. center of the spool at equal distances from one another,. and bore these with a gimlet. or bit, or cut. them with the. small blade of your jack-knife.. Cut the Eight Blades 6 inches long, their. inches wide on. 5. wide edge, and ij inches wide on their narrow edge.. Prepare the hub sticks about § inch by f inch by 4§ inches Fig. 11. Washer. —-^. Fig. 12. Fig. 10. Fig. 10.. — Spool Hub.. Fig. 12.. to. — Shaft. fit. Fig. 13.. — Tail.. hub. (Fig.. in the. Fasten the blades to the spokes with nails long. enough side.. — Blades.. and whittle one end pointed. in size, 11).. Fig. ii.. to drive. through the spokes and clinch on the under. Glue the spokes in the hub. holes, turning. them. so. the blades will stand at about the angle shown.. J. The Shaft should be made of a hard wood stick about inch by i^ inches by 30 inches in size. Cut the round. end small enough so the hub. will turn freely. on. it,. and.

(27) HOME-MADE WINDMILLS punch a small hole through through to hold the hub in. it. so a brad. may. Cut the. place.. be driven. slot in the. square end with a saw.. Cut the Tail. shape shown in Fig.. of the. 13.. Pivot the Windmill upon the top of a post support, in the. manner. same. as. directed. for. the other windmills.. Figure 14 shows mill. may. how. the toy wind-. be rigged up. To Operate a Toy Jumping- Jack, by supporting the jumping-jack on a bracket, and connecting its string. — How the Windmill may be Rigged up to Operate a Toy Jumping-Jack.. Fig. 14.. hub. to the. of the windmill.. jack like the one in Fig.. shown. in Fig.. A. to B,. of. B. and. (Fig.. of the bracket. (A, Figs.. and the crosspiece (B). nail the. 15).. details of. which are. 113.. Cut the upright 14 inches long,. You can make your jumpingno, the. jumping-jack at. 7. 14. and. inches long.. its. 15). Nail. center to the end. Fasten the triangular block (C) to the.

(28) 6. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 8. lower end of A, and then nail both. A. the. and. C. to the edge. a. point. that will bring the. string. of. of the trifle. shaft. at. jumping-jack. a. beyond the windmill. blades. Fig.. 1. Fasten a small stick with a brad driven in one end, in notches cut in the. hub's. flanges. (Fig.. 16),. and connect the brad and Fig. 15. Fig. IS-. — How. the. Jumping-jack. Supported. Fig. 16.. volves. Spool Hub.. it. will. in Figs. 14. and. is. Jack's string with a piece of. wire or strong. Then. operate the toy in the 15.. string.. as the windmill. re-. manner indicated.

(29) CHAPTER. II. HOME-MADE KITES The Malay. tailless kite is. kind ever invented.. It will fly in. variety could not withstand,. Fig. 17.. light to carry. probably the most practical. and. a wind that the. it will fly. tail. in a breeze too. — A Malay Tailless Kite.. up most other forms. of kites.. It is also a. strong pulling kite, and can be used for sending aloft lanterns. and. flags.. For the purpose of. lifting,. the pulling. strength can be doubled by flying two Malays in tandem.. How. to. Make. a Malay.. Figure 17 shows a Malay kite.

(30) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. TO. AND BOYS. GIRLS. in flight, Fig. 18 a detail of the completed kite, Fig. 19. the completed framework, and Figs. 20, 21, and 22 the details for preparing the. The. frame. sticks.. This kite has a vertical stick and a bow-. Sticks.. each of which should be 40 inches long, about f inch wide, and | inch thick, for a kite of medium size. stick,. In the cutting of the sticks. lies. making a. half the secret of. kite that will fly successfully.. Drive a small. nail or. large tack into each end. the. of. two. sticks,. to. fasten the framing-. and. string to (Figs. 20 21),. and notch the side. edges of the bow-stick near each end for the. attachment Fig. 18.. Completed Malay Kite with. Bell}. inches. long. is. the. important. distance. should be 6 inches the bow-string, and. Framing the. (Fig.. tie it. Sticks.. bow-. and 22). The amount to bend. Band Attached.. the bow-stick. of the. string (Figs. 21. For a kite with a bow 40. between the string and 21).. stick. Use a strong twine for. securely to the notched ends.. Fasten the bow-stick at. center to the vertical stick, placing. it. 4 inches. its. exact. down from. the top of the vertical stick, as indicated in Fig. 19.. Drive. a couple of brads through the two sticks to hold them.

(31) HOME-MADE KITES and then. together,. ii. reinforce the connection. by wrapping. the joint with strong linen thread, crossing the thread in. manner shown.. the. When. the two sticks have been joined, connect their. ends with the framing-string. stick to stick, of the. may. end. and. nails,. tie. Stretch this string from. securely to the end nails.. Instead. the sticks. MAKE THIS. be notched to receive. DISTANCE INCHES. the framing-string, but the nails are. more. satisfactory. because the string can be tied fast to. not. them and. will. slip.. Covering the FrameThe strong lightweight brown wrapping-. work.. paper. now. generally. so. used makes an covering. work.. for. A. excellent. the. frameFig. 19.. — Framework of Malay Kite.. few sheets can. You. be purchased at a near-by store for the purpose. will likely. make one. have to paste together two or more sheets to large enough.. The paper should be placed on. the outer face of the bow-stick, and should be allowed. a. little. fullness instead of being. hexagonal the. tail. framing-string. a kite.. Lap. kites.. in. the. stretched. tight. as. on. the edges of the paper over. ordinary. way. of. covering.

(32) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. 12. GIRLS. AND BOYS. Attach the Bridle at the intersection of the bow-stick. and. vertical stick,. stick (Fig.. 1. 8),. and at the lower end. and make. held over to one side. it. of the vertical. will reach to the. end. of the. indicated in Fig. Nail. when. of the right length so. it. Nail-**. bow, as Tie. 18.. the flying line securely at. o o. the point. A. (Fig. 18). ;. then. the kite will be ready for. cn. its. hj Fig. 22. x. maiden. 21. The kind of cord which a mason uses for his plumb-lines is splendid for flying the If you canMalay kite. not get some balls of this, be certain that what you. O MAKE -THIS DISTANCE. o h. 6 -INCHES. _i. < o h 01 LU. >. do get can be because. CJ. Fig. 22.. relied upon,. provoking to. which you have. taken a great deal of pains. Fig. 20. Fig. 2i.. is. it. lose a kite. NAfLFig. 20.. flight.. Flying-Line.. — Detail of Vertical Stick. — Detail of Bow-Stick. — Detail of End of Bow-Stick.. making, through the. in. breaking of the flying. The Box-Kite. more pretentious. kites,. none. is. line.. Of the. popular as the rec-. as. tangular box-kite. Box-kites sizes,. may. number pay any boy. be purchased ready-made. but they are not cheap, and. take the time necessary to. make. it. will. one.. in a. of. While. their con-. to.

(33) HOME-MADE KITES struction requires considerable. plane type of kite,. it is. not. 13. more work than the. single-. difficult.. Figures 23 and 24 show a kite of scientifically developed Pine, spruce,. proportions.. and whitewood are the best. materials for. The Kite any. Sticks,. though. light-weight. strong,. wood of straight grain may be used if easier to obtain.. If. you. near. live. a lumber yard or planingmill, possibly. you can get. you. strips of just the size. from. require. waste. the. heap, for the mere asking, or for a few cents get. them. ripped out of a board. not,. you. enough self. will find it. to cut. If. easy. them your-. with a sharp rip-saw.. The Side Frames.. Cut. the four horizontal sticks §. inch. thick. and. Fig. 23.. by 36 inches long. wide,. — Raising the Box-Kite.. f inch. (A, Fig.. 25),. and the four up-. right connecting sticks (B, Fig. 25) J inch thick, \ inch. wide,. and 10 inches. long.. Tack the upright. sticks to the. horizontal ones 6 inches from the ends of the latter, as. shown. in Fig.. 25, using slender. brads for the purpose,.

(34) B HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. 14. GIRLS. AND BOYS. and clinching the projecting ends. In fastening these be careful to set sticks. B. sticks,. at right angles to sticks A.. — The Box-Kite.. Fig. 24.. After fastening together the side-frame sticks as shown in Fig. 25, lay. them. aside until. you have prepared. f—A '. t. —. 1. 10". *. t. Bs-A. r. 3 6" Fig. 25.. The Covering. — Make Two Side Frames. for the. End. Cells.. A. like this.. light-weight muslin. or tough paper should be used for this material.. cloth will do. if. you give. it. Cheese-. a coat of thin varnish to. fill. up.

(35) HOME-MADE KITES. 15. and make it air-tight, after it has been put on. The light-weight brown wrapping-paper now so commonly the pores. used. good covering material.. is. The. cell. wide and. hemmed. bands 5 feet. for the kite illustrated should be 10 inches. 9 inches long.. If of cloth,. they should be. along each edge to prevent raveling and to. a firm edge.. If of. make. paper, the edges should be folded over. a light framing-cord. Fig. 26.. Sew together. and pasted.. — Cross-Section. the ends of. of the Box-Kite.. the cloth bands, or paste the ends of the paper bands, lap-. ping them so the measurement around the inside will be exactly. 5. feet 8 inches, the. proper measurement around. the sticks of the finished kite.. Assembling the Kite.. Slip. the bands over the side. frames, spread the frames to their fullest extent,. them. in this position. porarily between. by means. of sticks. upright sticks B.. proper length for the diagonal braces sticks should be. and hold. sprung. in. Then measure. C. notched at their ends to. (Fig. 26). fit. temthe. These. over the sticks.

(36) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. i6. A, as shown in Fig.. they will be slightly this. way. and they should be a trifle long so bow-shaped when put in place. In. 27,. the frames will keep the cloth or paper bands. stretched tight.. The notched ends of the diagonals should be lashed with thread to keep them from splitting. Lashings of thread around the frame sticks A, as shown in Figs. 25 and 27, will keep the ends of the braces from slipping away from the uprights B, which. the. is. proper position for them.. Bind the braces together at their centers with thread,. shown. as. A^n/,/.#. in Figs. 24. Coat. 26.. the. and. lashings. with glue after winding. them, and the thread. will. Detail of Diagonal Braces.. hold. The. its. position better.. cloth or paper bands should be fastened to each hori-. zontal frame stick with two tacks placed near the edges of. the bands.. There are several methods. of. Attaching the Bridle, but that shown in generally considered the most satisfactory. kite. The. is. Fig.. 24. is. Of course, the. flown other side up, with the bridle underneath.. three-point attachment has cords fastened at the. two outer corners of the outer. of. one. cell,. and a. edge of the other. third cord to the center. cell. ;. and the four-point. attachment has cords attached at the four outer corners.

(37) HOME-MADE KITES The ends. of the kite.. 17. of the bridle should. be brought. together and tied at a distance of about 3 feet from the It is a. kite.. work. good plan to connect the ends. to a fancy-. ring.. A Good Hand Kite-Reel that can be held in one hand and operated by the other size. is. shown. in. Fig. 28.. Get a. J-lb.. baking-powder can for the winding-spool, locate the. center of the cover and bottom end,. Fig.. cut a hole. Then. Kite-Reel.. inch in diameter through each (Fig.. 1. cut two. spool flanges.. A Good Hand. 2. and with a can-opener. wooden These. 29).. disks 5 inches in diameter for the. may. be cut out of thin wood.. If. you. do not wish to take the trouble to cut them round, just. saw. off. the four corners diagonally,. octagonal.. making the. pieces. Bore a i-inch hole through the center. of. Tack the can cover to the exact center of as shown in Fig. 30, and the can to the exact the other. Then fit the cover on the can, and. each piece.. one disk, center of. glue a strip of cloth or heavy paper around the joint to.

(38) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. i8. keep the cover from working. GIRLS. off,. AND BOYS. and the spool. will. be. piece. of. completed.. The. axle. upon which the spool turns. broom-handle 10 inches or so. is. a. Bore. in length (Fig. 30).. Fig. 29. Figs. 29. two holes through the spool in pins.. its. and. 30.. — Details of Hand Kite- Reel.. in the positions. it. proper place.. shown, for pins to keep. Wooden pegs can be. cut for. For a winding handle, pivot a spool on the. right-. The inner shown in Fig.. flange. hand disk by means of the spool. handle. of a nail or screw.. may. be cut. off as. 28..

(39) HOME-MADE KITES. 19. Both hands are frequently needed to haul in string quickly enough to bring a kite around into the wind, or to handle it when it pulls very strong, and then there is nothing to do but drop the hand reel upon the ground, unless you have an assistant to give. it to.. This. is. where the advan-. tage of. A Body. Kite-Reel comes. in.. With. it. strapped about the Fig. 33. Fig.. 31.— A Body. Fig. 32.. Fig. 33.. waist,. it. Fig.. will. go wherever you go, and always be within easy. is. 28.. made If,. similar to that of the. larger can than the. a tomato can or syrup can. wooden. hand. The. reel. spool. shown. in. however, you wish a larger winding-spool,. you can use a the. Fig. 31. Figure 31 shows one simple to make.. reach. of this. Kite-Reel.. — Detail of Axle Support. — Detail of Crank.. baking-powder can. —. — and increase the diameter of. flanges accordingly.. Instead of the spool turn-.

(40) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. 20. GIRLS. AND BOYS. upon the broom-handle axle, the axle turns with the spool, so the spool must be fastened to the axle. The axle supports A (Figs. 31 and 32) should be about ing. 7. inches long, 4 inches wide at the wide end, and. wide at the narrow end. ends a. trifle. Cut the holes. large so the axle will turn easily.. connecting crosspieces. B. for the axle. stick. end to. C. fit in,. inches. Cut the. of the right length so there will. about \ inch between the ends. Cut the crank. 2. to receive the axle. as. of the spool. shown. be. and supports A.. in Fig. 33, bore a hole. bore another hole in the edge for. a set-screw to hold the stick in place on the axle end, and pivot a spool in place for a handle. is. If. the hole in the spool. too large for the head of the nail used for pivoting, slip. a small iron or leather washer over the. An. nail.. old belt or shawl-strap should be used for strapping. the kite-reel to your body. axle supports in Fig. 32.. A by. Fasten. this to the. nailing the strips. D. to. ends of the. them. as. shown.

(41) CHAPTER. III. A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE. Model flying,. aeronautics has become nearly as popular as kite. and. girls as well as. boys have taken to building. these unique air toys.. The model aeroplane kite. construction.. It. more work than ordinary requires more patience and. requires also. greater accuracy, because each part of the. must be made. just so, assembled just so,. just so, to produce a. model which. Of course your. of itself.. first. and. will give a. model. will. little. ". aircraft. tuned-up ". good account. probably not be. But if you do your work correctly and carefully will fly, and the experience you have acquired will make possible to turn out a more nearly perfect second model.. perfect. it it. Many. types of model aeroplanes have been devised,. but those of the simplest form of construction have made the best showing.. have been. of. The majority. of record-breaking. models. one type — a triangular framework, equipped. with two planes, and a pair of propellers operated by a pair of rubber-strand motors. this. type. is. shown. in Fig. 34,. on the following pages. of T620 feet. made. A most successful model of and described and illustrated. This model has a distance record. at the Aero Club of Illinois' aviation.

(42) 22. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. field at Cicero,. fence of the. Chicago, where. 160 acre. field.. it. flew 16 feet. beyond the. The model weighs but. ounces, has 9-inch propellers of 27 inch pitch, and. 5\. is. in. every essential a speed machine.. The. part. first. is. of. make. the model to. the triangular. Fuselage, or motor. This consists. base.. of. two. side. sticks,. splines, or spars {A,. Fig. 35) of straight-. grained. white. cut. the. sions. to. pine. dimen-. marked upon. the drawing, with their. bow ends. bev-. eled. off. a. dis-. tance of. for. i\. inches,. glued together, and. Fig. 34.. — Launching a Model Aeroplane.. bound with thread. The stern ends have a spread of 8 inches,. and are braced at that distance by the separator This separator its. is. B. (Fig. 35).. fastened flatwise between sticks A, and. edges are reduced as shown in the small section draw-. ing of Fig. 37 so they will offer less resistance to the. air..

(43) A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE This piece. is. rators C, D,. fastened between sticks. E. and. are of the sizes. of the proper length to. fit. A. n. with brads.. marked. Sepa-. in Fig. 35,. between side sticks. A. and. at the. ____— — — -^ -«i-. .4— 6i. 1. t. Main Plane. 1. Id. i'«i" ^Stays'. STRANDS OF55"x^"RUBBEF. >-l2. Fig. 35.. 1. — Plan.. 1. si,. 7 Fin. iS. Main IN PLANE-, Plane.. Elevator. .. 1. — Side Elevation (without Rubber Motor). — Working-Drawings of Model Aeroplane Designed and Built. Fig. 36.. Figs. 35 and 36.. by Harry Wells. This Model has a record of 1620 feet made at the Aero Club of. Illinois'. Aviation Field at Cicero,. Chicago.. places indicated on the. drawing.. They. are. cut. oval-. shaped, as shown in the small section drawing in Fig. 37.. Before fastening the separators in position,. The Thrust Bearings. for the propellers,. plates for connecting the wire stays,. and the end. must be prepared.. Figure 38 shows a dimensioned detail of the thrust bearings,. and. of sticks. Fig. 37. A. shows how they are bound to the ends. with thread.. These are cut out. of brass,. bent.

(44) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. 24. into the shape shown,. GIRLS. AND BOYS. and have a hole pierced through the. folded tip for the propeller-shaft to run through, another. through one end for the brad to pass through that pins stick. A. to B,. and another through the other end to fasten The small detail in Fig. 37 to.. the end of the wire stays. shows the end plates. no longer than. is. wire-stay ends.. for the wire stays.. These are made. necessary for the connecting holes for the Pierce a hole through the center of each Fig. 38. Fig. 39. ^_^===J===i'. /. GRUBBER TUB. Wl RE. r;:===. ^~t. RING. Fig. 37. Fig. 37.. Fig. 38.. Fig. 39.. — Detail of Fuselage and Motor the Wells Model. — Detail Thrust Bearing, Propeller-Shaft, and Connections. — Detail of Bow Hook and how Rubber Motor Connected to of. of. is. it.. plate for the brad to pass through which fastens sticks. A. bound. to. to the ends of the separators. sticks. A. The. plates are. with thread.. The Bow Hooks support the bow ends of the rubber motor, and are made upon the ends of a piece of heavy piano-wire bent V-shaped to (Fig. 39).. Bind the wire. the thread with glue to. The Main Plane has 40,. fit. over the ends of sticks. A. to the sticks with thread, coating. make. it. hold fast (Fig. 37).. a framework built as. shown. in Fig.. with the front or entering-edge, and the rear or following-.

(45) A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE edge,. made. 25. white pine or other light-weight. of sticks of. ribs and tips on the ends made of No. 16 aluminum wire. The ends of the frame sticks are gauge cut away on their outer edge, to receive the ends of the wire forming the tips, and the ends of these wires, and the laps of the wire ribs, are bound in position with thread, and the. wood, and the. thread then coated with glue to hold. The shown. it. Elevator, or front plane, has a. Its entering-edge is. in Fig. 41.. following-edge, ribs,. aluminum. wire.. in position.. framework made as. and end. You. will. tips, are. notice. a stick, and. made. by. of. Fig.. its. No. 16 guage that. 41. the. center ribs cross the following-edge of the frame and are. bent up in the form of a. flat loop.. This loop rests against. the under side of the fuselage, and gives the elevator. proper angle for stability (Fig. 36). to. add. tips are. its. bent up. stability.. The frames this. is. main plane and elevator are covered which may either be sewed or glued in place,. of the. with china-silk,. and. The. given a thin coat of shellac to. make. it. air-tight. The covering must be put on smoothly to reduce to a minimum what is known as skin resistance the resistance that the plane makes to the air while passing. and. taut.. through. —. it.. The main plane and elevator are held to the fuselage by means of rubber-bands slipped beneath them and over the fuselage,. and unlike the planes. of the. majority of models,. are fastened to the under side of the fuselage.. shows the approximate position. of the elevator.. Figure 36. That. of.

(46) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 26. the. main plane. will. vary under different. air conditions,. sometimes being placed over the separator C, and at other. B. shown in Fig. 35. Therefore, you must adjust your plane and elevator times closer to separator. this operation. is. known. of the atmosphere, until will give the. as. than. is. —. tuning — to. you. suit the condition. find the positions. machine the greatest. stability.. where they. A great factor. Fig. 42. Fig. 41. Fig.. 40. Fig. 40. — Detail of the Main Plane Framework of the Wells Model. Fig. 41. — Detail of the Elevator Framework. — Detail of Fin. Fig. 42.. in the successful flight of a. model aeroplane. lies in. properly. tuning the planes, both laterally and longitudinally, and of course the planes must balance at their centers, in order to. make the machine balance properly. The Fin directly over the center of the. and. 36). is. provided for. rudder by turning is. made. of. it. stability,. slightly to. elevator (Figs. 34. and may be used as a. one side or the other.. It. No. 34 gauge sheet aluminum, cut to the form.

(47) A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE. shown in of heavy. Its vertical. Fig. 42.. wire, as. shown. is. bent around a piece. in the plan detail of Fig. 42,. the lower end of the wire. bow ends of sticks A. The Propellers are. edge. is. the most difficult. accurately cut, and. must be of identical size and pitch. The pitch of a propeller is, theoretically, the distance forward that. it. and. fastened upright between the. part of the model aeroplane to make.. They must be very. 27. Glass Bead Wire shaft. Fig.. 43.— The. Model. Wells. Propeller.. advances in one complete revolution.. Figure 43 shows one of the propellers of Harry Wells'. machine, which. 9 inches in length. and has a 27-inch. Figure 44 shows. pitch.. How to sites,. is. Prepare the Propellers.. that. The. pair. must be oppo-. one must be of right-hand pitch and the. is,. other of left-hand pitch,. or, in. other words, the upper end. rr^si. *. A. B Fig. 44.. C. — How. D. E. F. to Prepare a 9-inch Propeller.. of the right-hand pitch propeller turns to the right,. that of the left-hand pitch propeller turns to the. viewing them from the rear.. left,. and. when.

(48) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 28. Step. A. up a straight-grained. consists in properly planing. block of white pine i| inches thick, 9 inches long, with its sides. The. Propeller Blank.. and ends. Draw. 2. inches wide, and. straight. and. Then on. of this block at the exact center of the length.. faces line,. C and. D, lay. true, for. a line around the four faces. a distance of J inch on the centermeasuring from the edge of face B, for the thickness off. of the propeller-hub,. and draw diagonal. lines. from the upper. and lower left-hand corners of faces C and D to the end Then cut away the porof the hub center-line (Step B). Lay out tions outside of these lines, as shown in Step C. hub upon faces A and B of the block, with a J-inch diameter, and bore a small hole through the center to receive the. the propeller-shaft (Step C).. Draw. corners to the center-line of the. wood. away The next the. G. hub (Step D). ;. then cut. outside of these lines (Step E).. step (F) consists in laying out the form of the. propeller blade. and Step. diagonals from the. is. scooping out. upon. all. four sides and ends of the block,. the final one of cutting out the propeller,. its. blades concave on one side, and carving. them convex on the opposite side. A very sharp knife must be used for cutting and the work must be done slowly and carefully, because the least slip is likely to ruin the propeller. The entering-edge of each blade is the almost The ends of straight edge, and should be cut very thin. while hub should be the the blades should also be cut thin, ;. cut. away. as. much. ing the propeller.. as can safely be done without weaken-.

(49) A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE. When you have them if. 29. completed cutting the propellers, place. at their centers across the edge of a knife-blade,. and. they do not balance perfectly, locate the trouble and. correct. it.. then shellac. Finish the work with fine emery-paper, and it.. Some boys. glue silk over the ends of their. propeller blades, for a distance of J inch or so, to reinforce. them and make them less likely to split. The Propeller-Shafts are made of heavy piano- wire, bent into a hook at one end (Fig. 38) to receive the rubber strands of the motor, and cut of the right length to extend through the hole in the bearing, through a glass bead,. through the propeller, and then to bend over the side of the hub (Figs. 37 and 38). shaft against the hub,. it is. By bending. over the end of the. held securely in place.. The Motors consist of twelve strands of |-inch flat rubber, each, and as these are 1 yard in length, exactly 24 yards of rubber are required. The rubber is not connected direct to the hooks on the bow and propeller-shafts, as the wire would quickly cut through the strands.. Instead,. small rings are bent out of wire, with pieces of small rubber-. tubing slipped over the wire, and the ends of the rubber strands are looped through these rings and. with thread (Fig. 39).. on and. off. The. bound. in place. wire rings are then slipped. the hooks quickly.. As. light. and heat cause. rubber to deteriorate, you must remove the motors from the machine after use, pack. keep. away. in a covered box,. and. in a cool place, in order to get the longest life possible. out of the rubber..

(50) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 3°. has been found that rubber motors can be. It. much. by lubricating them with. farther. wound. glycerine.. It is. only necessary to put a few drops of the glycerine upon a clean cloth,. and rub. it. over the outside strands. Fig. 47. Fig. 45. Fig. 46.. Fig. 47.. the motors,. then wind. Fig- 40. Fig. 45. — A Home-made Motor Winder. — The Kind Egg-Beater to Use. — How the Motors are Connected. ;. of. and. strands until. all. it. will. to. Winder. for. work over the surface. Winding.. of the inner. parts are covered.. Of course the rubber motors must be twisted an equal. number. of turns, in order to. same, and this. made from an taneously.. is. make. the propellers. work the. usually done with an ingenious winder. egg-beater, which winds both motors simul-.

(51) A HOME-MADE MODEL AEROPLANE. 31. The Home-made Motor- Winder shown in Fig. 45 is made from a Dover egg-beater (Fig. 46). To convert the egg-beater into a winder,. it is. necessary to cut. off. the loop. ends and the center pivot wires on which the loops turn. the cut-off ends of the loops into hooks, and. Then bend punch them 45).. to. fit. The ends. the hooks. over the pivot wire ends, as before (Fig.. of the pivot wires. must be riveted. to. keep. in position.. Figure 47 shows. How. the. Egg-Beater Winds the Motors.. assistant supports the. While an. model by the propeller end, you. remove the motor rings from the hooks on the bow of the fuselage, and slip them on to the hooks of the egg-beater.. Then you turn. the crank of the winder, counting the turns. and when you have wound the motors as far as you wish, slip off the motor rings, and slip them back on to the bow hooks of the model aeroplane. Motors of models like that shown in this chapter are wound onethousand turns or more for each flight. Wind the Motors Slowly, especially after the first row of knots begin, as it puts the rubber to the least amount. as. you do. so,. by doing this. Quick winding not only strains the rubber but makes the knots form in bunches, and un-. of strain. even winding,. of course,. produces an uneven unwinding.. must be held after the motors have been them in check. Figure 34 shows The Position to Take for Launching a Model from the hand. The machine should not be thrown forward, as. The. propellers. wound,. to keep.

(52) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR. 32. the. movement would cause. air,. resulting in the. slight. push that. that produced. best. will start. by. AND BOYS. too great a disturbance of the. machine losing. The. ably upsetting.. GIRLS. method it off. its propellers.. its stability, is. and prob-. to give the. at a speed a. model a. trifle. under.

(53) CHAPTER A. The. HOME MADE TOY MOTOR-BOAT. toy motor-boat shown in Figs. 48 and 49. by a. pelled. IV. tin propeller. Fig. 49.. is. run by a rubber-band motor.. pro-. A. — The Completed Motor-Boat.. handful of rubber-bands will cost only a few cents, and the rest of the working material can be picked. Prepare the. Bottom. up at home.. of. the Hull out of a piece of. wood it. 1. inch thick, making. of the. sions. shape and dimen-. shown. careful. to. Be. in Fig. 51.. curve. edges the same.. the. side. Use a saw. for cutting out the. piece, Fig. 50.. — Stern, with Motor in Place.. then smooth up the edges. with a plane and sandpaper. off. on a bevel as. shown. The. in Fig. 52. 33. stern should be sawed.

(54) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 34. The Sides. of the hull (B, Figs. 52. and. 53) are thin strips. Nail one to one edge of the bottom block,. 2h inches wide.. then. saw. a line of the. bottom block, and. — 2 o" Fig. 51.. the. off. bow end on with the bow. — Diagram of Hull.. —. *1. the. stern. end. the. same. slant as. the bevel cut on the stern of the bottom block.. on. With one. and trim off its making a neat joint. piece in position, nail on the second side ends.. you have any. If. between ends. the. of. difficulty in. bow B,. sides. take a piece of tin. from a can, bend. it. around the bow, and tack. in place. it. shown. The. Fig.. in. as 48.. stern piece (C,. Figs.. 53. and. 54). should be cut next, to. fit. the. ends of the. Fig. 53. slanted sides.. The Deck (D) extends from the bow. Figs. 52 and 53.. almost to the center of the boat. taper in. may. its. — How the Hull,. Deck. Sides, Stern. and. Pieces are Assembled.. Its top surface. length and curve from side to side.. be whittled or planed to this shape.. The. Fasten. brads to the top edges of the sides of the boat.. should. it. piece. with.

(55) —. Fig. 48.. Launching the Toy Motor-Boat..

(56)

(57) A HOME-MADE TOY MOTOR-BOAT. To Complete. the Boat, go over the. work. 35. carefully, trim. off all. projecting edges, drive nail heads beneath the sur-. faces,. putty nail holes and cracks, and give the wood two. coats of paint of whatever color. you want. have the. to. motor-boat.. The. Propeller (£, Fig. 54). can.. Cut a piece. ends,. and with the point. cut from the side of a tin. is. and f inch wide, round. 3 inches long. of a nail pierce a hole. its. through. it. each side of the center of the length of the piece (Fig. 55). To finish the propeller, it is only necessary to take hold of the two ends and twist the piece into the shape Fig.. in. 56.. The Propeller-Shaft. requires a short piece of wire with. one end bent into a hook (F, Fig.. end. shown. of this shaft. through one. 56).. Stick the straight. hole in the propeller,. and. the hooked end through the other hole, then twist the. hooked end over on to the main part in Fig.. 57.. Make. of the shaft, as. shown. a tight twist so the propeller will be. held perfectly rigid on the shaft.. The Bearing Plate G propeller.. Cut. it. it. 54 and 58) supports. the. out of a piece of tin ij inches wide by. 3 inches long, bend. and then bend. (Figs.. it. in half crosswise to give. it. lengthwise to the angle shown so. stiffness, it. will. fit. Punch two holes through the plate to the stern, and a hole. over the slanted stern of the boat. the upper end for nailing. at the lower end for the propeller-shaft to run through.. For a Thrust Bearing, propeller-shaft,. slip. a couple of beads over the. between the propeller and bearing plate.

(58) 36. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS 1). ^^^^TTTT^, B. \ w^^^^^^^^^^^mzm. \U-E. Fig. 54.. — Longitudinal. Figs. 55-59. Fig. 60.. Section of Assembled Motor-Boat.. — Details of Propeller.. — Rubber-Band Motor..

(59) ;. A HOME-MADE TOY MOTOR-BOAT. 37. Probably you can find glass beads in your mother's. G.. button bag. After slipping the beads on to the shaft, and sticking the shaft through the hole in bearing plate G, bend the. end. hook. of the shaft into a. hook into the bottom. and you. 54),. will. ;. then screw a small screw-. of the hull, at the. bow end. (/, Fig.. be ready for. The Rubber-Band Motor.. Rubber-bands. inches in length are best for the purpose.. about. Loop. i|. these. together end to end (Fig. 60) to form a strand that will. reach from hook / to the hook on the propeller-shaft. then form three more strands of this same length, and the end loops of. four strands over the hooks.. all. To Wind the Motor,. give the propeller about one hun-. dred turns with your finger; peller until. slip. then, keep hold of the pro-. you launch the boat.. There are. many ways. of elaborating. upon the design and. construction of this toy motor-boat, but, having given the. necessary instructions for building a simple model, I. going to leave further development. Here. is. an opportunity. for. you. Devise an adjustable rudder, add a pit. with a coaming,. flashlight —. in. model you can. install. fact,. build.. see. for. to. to use your. work. am out.. ingenuity.. keel, finish off the cock-. a headlight. just. you. made from. how complete. a pocket. a motor-boat.

(60) CHAPTER V HOME-MADE TOY WATER-MOTORS You 61,. can own a water-motor. because. its. like the. one shown in Fig.. construction requires nothing but easily. obtained materials.. The Case. of this. Fig. 6i.. varnish can. water-motor. is. — A Varnish-Can Water-Motor. — preferably. one. 38. of. an empty. in Operation.. of gallon capacity.. The. ing better could be desired.. made. tin. can makes a. Nothlight-.

(61) HOME-MADE TOY WATER-MOTORS weight compact case. and. right place. from a faucet tight there floor — a. ;. ;. the spout in the top. water power and as the water connections can be made. argument. big. in just the. of the right size to receive the. no possibility. is. is. 39. of. water splashing on to the. your favor when seeking per-. in. mission to use the motor in. the bath-tub, wash-. basin, or kitchen sink.. You can. The. store.. from. paint. a. or at. painter,. empty any. get an. can. varnish. first. step in. converting the can into the motor case consists in. removing the bottom.. You. will. dered. in. find. this. place,. and. probability,. in it. solall. can. be removed quickly by holding the can over the. flame of. gas. a. Fig. 62.. burner. The Completed Varnish-Can Water-Motor.. until. the. solder. when a few tin to. drop. melts,. taps upon the edges will cause the piece of. off.. The Water-Motor Wheel of the. show. water-motor its. details.. about I inch. less. (Figs.. shown in the cross-sections 63 and 64), and Figs. 65 to 67 is. The diameter. of the. wheel should be. than the inside width of the can.. In.

(62) 4o. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. the model from. measurement. is. which the drawings were made,. 5J inches.. Cut the two. this. side pieces of the. wheel out of a piece of cigar-box wood, and bore a f-inch hole through the center of each for the wheel axle.. Fasten. CORK. Fig. 64. Fig. 63. Figs. 63. and. 64.. Sections through. Water-Motor Case.. a spool to the center of one side piece for a pulley-wheel (Fig. 66).. Prepare Eight Paddles if inches wide and 2 J inches long, out of cigar-box wood. of the paddles,. zontal. line,. a. Locate the positions for the ends. upon the. vertical line,. side pieces,. by drawing a. and two diagonal. hori-. lines at angles.

(63) HOME-MADE TOY 'WATER-MOTORS of 45 degrees, through their centers.. This. 41. will simplify. the matter of spacing the paddles equidistant from one. Use brads. another (Fig. 67). to the paddle ends.. for fastening the side pieces. Those removed from the cigar boxes. will do.. The Wheel Shaft should be width. inside. of. a. trifle. shorter than the. the can, and enough smaller than the. j-inch hole in the wheel side pieces so the wheel will turn. Locate the centers for the axle upon the two sides. freely.. Fig. 66. Fig. 65. Fig. 67. — The Completed Water-Motor Wheel. — Details Water-Motor Wheel. Figs. 66 and Fig. 65.. of. 67.. of the can, in the proper position so there will. be the same. margin above and at the ends. Drive a nail. through each side. An. of the. of the wheel.. can into the axle end.. Outlet for the water after. it. has passed over the. wheel paddles must be provided, and the best fasten a strip to raise the. and. two opposite. bottom about an. way. is. to. sides of the can so as to. inch, as. shown. in Figs. 62, 63,. 64.. For a Pulley-Belt use a piece of heavy cord.. Cut a. slot. through the front of the can for the belt to run through,.

(64) HoMH-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 4?. and make. this slot large. enough so the cord. not rub. will. against the sides (Fig. 63).. Pulley- Wheels for attaining different speeds can be. A. of spools of various sizes.. removed, mounted. in a frame, is excellent for a large wheel.. Connecting up the Water-Motor.. water-motor. made. bicycle wheel with the tire. If. you operate the. you can. in the kitchen sink,. either build a. platform as shown in Fig. 61, to bring the spout of the var-. nish-can case up to the level. Rubber tubing CORK-tf. of the faucet, or. you can. the water-motor. in. and. BRASS TUBING. lead. If. Fig. 68. G8-69.. — How. to. piece. rubber. of. tubing from the spout to the faucet,. Figs.. a. set. sink. the. Make. a. Water-tight Connection between. as. shown. you use the. ment,. slip. rubber. in. Fig.. 68.. latter arrange-. the lower end of the. tubing. over. a. short. Faucet and Water-Motor.. piece. tubing, large 69).. and. stick the short tubing. enough If. you. glass,. brass,. or. tin. through a hole in a cork. fit. the spout of the varnish-can case (Fig.. raise. the water-motor high enough so the. to. faucet will set. enough hole. of. down. into the spout,. for the faucet,. you can cut a large. through a cork, and then. fit. shown in Fig. 64. Another Water-Motor. The little water-motor in Fig. 70 will furnish sufficient power to operate simple mechani-. the cork in the spout as. cal toys..

(65) HOME-MADE TOY WATER-MOTORS The Water-MoWheel.. tor. 43. SLOT-. Pro-. cure two baking-. powder can covers ends of the. for the. water-motor wheel 72),. a. out. of. make. the. Fig.. (.4,. cigar-box. which. to. wheel paddles, and a. stick. inch. I. and. square. 5. inches long for the. wheel axle (B, Fig. 72).. Cut eight pad-. from the cigar-box wood 1 dles. inch. wide. and. a. pair. strips. them. 5. Take. inches long.. these. of. and fasten to. one can. cover, in line with. each. other,. and. close. against. the. sides of the cover (C, Fig. 73).. Fasten. rhe Water-Motor Wheel..

(66) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 44. with tacks or brads driven through the cover into the ends. Take another. of the strips.. to the. pair. F. C. same. pair of strips. and fasten them. cover, in a similar manner, at right angles to. Then tack. (D, Fig. 72).. to the cover halfway. E. the pairs of strips. between pairs. C and. and. With the. D.. paddles in position, locate the exact center of the end of the can cover, and "£;dl. j^v. _. drive. nail. a. through. at. this. point into the end B.. axle. of. Slip. the free ends of the. paddles. into. can. other. the. cover,. Fig. 72. and carefully drive. tacks or. c. r. "iiimii jjp/IIIKi te/ifin. I. brads. through the cover into them.. Drive. j^. a nail through the lllliiiii'. center of the cover. , l. ". i JM. "c. lilli«[' •Jill. Fig. 73. Figs. 72. and. 73.. Details of. Water-Motor Wheel.. into. for the wheel.. end. of. axle B.. The Wheel Supports.. shows the supports. the. Figure 74. Cut the end pieces. 4 inches wide and 6 inches high, and the cross strips. G. H. wide and 5! inches long. Nail pieces G to H, as shown, allowing the lower ends of G to extend i inch below if inches.

(67) HOME-MADE TOY WATER-MOTORS strips. The. H, and leaving a space. G. axle holes in pieces. of § inch. 45. between. strips. H,. (Fig. 74) should be located in. the center of the width of these pieces, and halfway be-. tween. their tops. and. withdrawing. H.. strips. make them by pieces, and then. gimlet, or. Bore the holes with a. driving a large nail through the. it.. To Mount the Wheel upon. the sup-. withdraw the. ports,. nails driven into the. ends of axle B, the. wheel. slip. between. uprights G, and drive the nails through the holes in. G. back into the holes in the axle. ends (Fig.. Fig. 74.. — Support. for. Water-Motor Wheel.. 71).. The Pulley Wheel.. One can cover should be. con-. verted into a pulley by winding several turns of string. around. it,. the string.. near each edge, leaving a groove between. Coat the string with glue to make. it. stick. fast to the cover.. The Water-Motor Case. water-motor case I, J,. be a. K, L, and slot. is. Figure. 70. shows how the. constructed by fastening boards N,. M to the wheel supports G.. There must. through / and another through /, for the string.

(68) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 46. belt to pass through, of. and a hole through. water from a faucet.. K. for the intake. These can be cut out. of the. edges of the boards, as shown, before they are nailed in place.. Leave an opening between boards. TV. and M, and. the bottom of ends G, for an outlet for waste water..

(69) —. CHAPTER. VI. A HOME-MADE TOY RAILWAY It. often thought that a toy railway. is. is. beyond a boy's. ingenuity to construct, whereas, in reality, the. simplest. he can make.. toys. tracks, stations,. and. it. is. one of. This applies to the. cars of every description, all of which. can be made with a few strips of wood, some spools, cardboard, and a bottle of glue, for materials.. have passed the age will,. for. of caring for. no doubt, enjoy the making your younger brother, or. your boy. for. such toys as of. one. one. of. /. relatives.. nails,. If. you. this,. you. —. r. \Cr^Jie. Figure 76 shows a railway set up and in. As shown. running order.. in the illus:. tration,. The. /. Trolley-Line, or overhead cable, runs. around the wheels either. end. pieces of. shown. Hn. \. m. supports,. of. wood. of. the. two supports, one at track.. the shape. Prepare four. and. size of that. Fig. 75 for the uprights of these. and. *. 4. Fig. 75.. ^. — Upright.. make two wheels three The wheels may be marked out with. inches in diameter.. a home-made. compass. —a. pencil 47. tied. to. the. end. of.

(70) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 48. a piece. of. string,. if. vise,. When. you haven't a compass.. the wheels have been cut out, place. one at a time, and with a. them. make. file. Fig.. around the edge as shown at C, eighths-inch hole through. 76.. of. fasten six. groove. a. — The Toy Railway Bore a three-. Fig. 77.. each upright. and another through the center. your bench-. in. at F,. Fig.. each wheel.. two. inches. 75,. Now. of the uprights. apart. upon. a. block of wood, as shown at. A. and B,. a shaft to. Fig. 77. fit. Whittle. loosely in the. holes of the uprights, and, after slipping. fasten. it. into them,. one of the wheels. upon one end and a small Fig. 77. — Support for Trolley-Line. spool upon the other (see C and D in Fig. 77). A weight of some sort should be fastened to the base, as shown at E. The uprights for the. other. support should. be similarly mounted upon.

(71) A HOME-MADE TOY RAILWAY another block of wood.. 49. Fasten the remaining wheel to an. axle run through the holes in the uprights, and, as. it is. unnecessary to have a spool upon the other end of the. in Operation.. axle, cut it off short. and drive a. nail. through. it. to prevent. Having thus prepared the supports, place them as far apart as you wish to extend the railway, and run a cord around the two wheels and tie it. Then set the supports a little farther apart,. it. from slipping through the. if. necessary, to tighten the cord.. spool. A. D. holes.. Run. another cord from. to. Water-Motor, steam engine, or whatever power you. can get with which to operate the railway. inverted with the tire removed from. been used. satisfactorily,. with the belt slipped. off. its. as has also a. A. bicycle. rear wheel has. sewing-machine. and the cord from the spool put. in its place.. A. good substitute. for the tin tracks ordinarily sold in. shops for toy railways will be found in those shown in Fig. 78.. These.

(72) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 5°. Tracks consist of quarter-inch strips mounted upon. Make. pieces of cardboard.. end. a small gimlet-hole in one. and drive a short. of each stick,. opposite end (see Fig. 78). Nail.. finishing nail in the. Cut the cardboard. strips the. Dowel.. Fig. 78.. — The Tracks.. length of the sticks, and tack them to the sticks as shown in the illustration.. If. inch and one-half spools are used. for the car wheels, the inside. gauge. board. strips over the. over the ends. ends of the. cardboard. of the. of the tracks should. By. be an inch and three-quarters.. lapping the card-. sticks,. strips,. and the. sticks. and placing the. nail. dowels in the ends of the sticks as in the drawing, a strong track. may. is. formed when the pieces are. sections to. This. it.. The Cars. for this railway will. structed alike, and. -**. it. is. have. their. &^. ~P^. — A Top View of Car Truck.. car from one style into another. of a truck.. trucks con-. a simple matter to transform a. 1. &. Fig. 7Q.. view. fitted together.. be extended to any desired length by adding more. For the bed. Figure 79 shows a top. of this cut a three-eighths-.

(73) A HOME-MADE TOY RAILWAY. 51. inch board twelve inches long by two and one-quarter inches wide, and, after rounding the ends as. drawing, cut a mortise at. A and B two and. shown. in the. three-eighths. Procure two one. inches from either end.. for wheels, and wooden peg through the hole in. and one-half inch spools drive a. each, cutting off the ends so they project. a. little. beyond the. Then bore. 80.. hole, as. shown. in Fig.. four holes in the edges of. the truck-bed with a gimlet at C, D, E,. and. F. (see drawing), and, after setting the. Fig. 80.. — Spool. Wheels.. A and. spools in mortises. B, pivot them in. place with small finishing nails driven into the. These. pegs.. nails should. In order to drive spools,. it. is. them. fit. loosely in the gimlet holes.. into the exact. best to locate these points. V. wooden. centers of. the. upon the ends. of. Brass Rtog. fyPeg. /K Fig. 81.. Fig.. #2Z> —The. Completed Car Truck.. the pegs before placing the spools in the frame.. A quarterG. inch hole should be bored in the top of the truck-bed at. and. /. which to fasten the two uprights / and Make the uprights four inches long and. // (Fig. 79) in. (see Fig. 81)..

(74) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 52. upon the lower ends. whittle a peg. H. to. fit. holes. G and. Bore a hole with a gimlet in the top of. (see Fig. 82).. each and run a piece of heavy wire from one to the other,. bending. and. /, as. before. as. it. shown. in Fig.. Fasten. 81.. K. between /. Place a small brass ring upon the wire. shown.. you fasten. it. A. in place.. small hook should be. screwed into one end of the truck and a screw-eye into the other end, for couplings, should you wish to hitch two or. more cars together. A Gondola Car, such as shown. its. truck. made. in Fig. 83, should. have. similar to Fig. 79, with the exception that. H.&E.C.R.B.. Fig. 83.. it. — A Gondola Car.. should be two inches shorter, in order that cigar-box. strips. can be used for the side pieces.. Cut the. strips. an. inch and one-half high and fasten them to the bed of the car with brads.. The with a. car. may. be used as a. trailer.. shown in Fig. 81 is a rather crude affair, but more work may be transformed into a better. little. looking car. A. This car. —. Street Car such as. an example. of. is. shown. what can be made.. roof of this car are. made. of. and 85 being The sides, ends, and. in Figs. 84. cardboard, the patterns for.

(75) ;. A HOME-MADE TOY RAILWAY. shown on page. the cutting of which are. 53. Figure 86. 55.. shows a cross-section taken through the center. The two in. Fig.. A. side pieces 87.. With a. ruler. windows about as shown. shown. and lead-pencil draw. in the. first,. in the drawing, using double lines. Then, with a sharp. to indicate the sash.. knife, cut out. the center of each just inside of the inner. windows may be. left. of the car.. as. should be prepared. open or. side with tissue-paper.. If. may. These. line.. be covered on the. tissue-paper. is. used,. oil it. in-. to. r anunnnn cook City Raolwa •. •. Fig. 84.. -.. •. C. — Side View.. Fig. 85.. — End View.. more transparent. When the two sides have been prepared, bend each along the dotted lines (see Fig. 87) and tack one to each side of your car truck as shown. make. in. it. Fig.. 86.. When. properly bent, the distance between. the upper part of the sides should be two and three-quarters inches.. Cut the two inner ends. Fig. 88, using a. of the car the. compass with a radius. of. shape of. two and one-half. inches with which to describe the curve at the top. in the panels. and sash. side pieces, being careful to. Draw. you did those upon the get them on the same level,. lines as.

(76) HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. 54. and cut out the door and window openings.. Fasten. and. these end pieces between the sides with glue,. also. tack them to the uprights of the car (/ and /, Fig. 81),. which in. come. will. The. just inside of them.. two sections (B and C,. Fig. 86).. For. roof. B. is. made. cut a piece of. cardboard twelve and one-quarter by three and threequarter inches (Fig. 89), draw the curved end with a com-. shown on the drawing, and slit the by the dotted lines. When this piece has thus been prepared, remove the wire from the top of the truck (see Fig. 81). Bend the cardboard over the sides and ends of the car, and lap corners D and E over F and G, and H and / over / and K, tacking them with thread to hold them in place. To fasten this part of the roof to the top of the car, cut a number of small strips of linen, and glue them to the under side of the roof and to the inside face of the sides and ends of the car The upper portion of the roof C should be (see Fig. 86). pass, using the radius. corners. indicated. as. made out Fig. 90,. of a piece of. cardboard bent into the shape of. and cut at the ends so the upper portion of C Draw the ventilation little beyond its sides.. projects a lights. upon the. sides of. C. as. shown on the drawings, and. then fasten the piece upon the top of linen in the. C. should. with strips of. same manner as you fastened B in place. Cut the same curve to its top as B.. now have. and glue a piece the roof.. B. of. The outer ends. C. to complete. shown. in Fig. 91.. cardboard in each end of. The shape. of this piece. of the car should. is. be. made. as. shown. in.

(77) 11%. Cat. H* B CO. V ii. Fig.. Fig. 91. Fig.. T. 90. •poioo. nnnnnnn y.. bend tiered. Fig. 86. Fig. 87. 3*. 1BOYV1LLE. 1. I. I. Fig. 94. C. F 2| Fig. 93. Fig. 88. Fig. 92. Figs. 86-94.. — Details 55. of. Toy. Street Car..

(78) 56. HOME-MADE TOYS FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. Fig. 92,. and tacked around the ends. and. platform,. of the. wooden truck. under side. also fastened to the. of the roof. The window openings may be cut make a stronger car if they are simply drawn upon it. Cut four cardboard steps similar to Fig. 93 and tack them to the sides of the front and rear. with strips of linen. in each end,. but. it. When. platforms.. will. the car has been put together, replace. the wire in the tops of uprights / and. J. (Fig. 81), run-. ning the ends through the roof (see Fig. 84).. and ends. sides. brown trimmings,. Water. colors can be used. and paint the roof a. light gray.. Letter the. for the purpose.. the sides. and the number. name. of. lettered. your car-line upon. upon each end and. of the car. The route should be. side.. Paint the. of the car yellow with. upon. strips of card-. board with pins run through them as shown in Fig. 94, these strips to stick in the roof of the car (see Figs. 84. and. 85).. Having seen how the car simple matter to. make. is. made, you. will find it a. designs for. Other Cars, using the same scheme. for the trucks,. altering the patterns for the sides, ends,. and. and. roof, to suit. the design.. Nothing has, as. yet,. been said about the. Operation of the Railway, and though Fig. 76 probably. shows. sufficiently clear. be helpful. tracks,. The. and the. top of the car). how. it. is. run, a few words. car or cars are placed between the. may. wooden. trolley (or cord attached to the ring is. tied to the trolley-line as in the. on. illus-.

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