Cladding for External Walls, Rear-Ventilated
Cladding for External Walls, Rear-Ventilated
Part 1:
Part 1: Require
Requirements, Principle
ments, Principles
s of Testing
of Testing
18516-1
18516-1
DIN
DIN
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Part I:
Part I: Requi
Requirements, principle
rements, principles
s of testing
of testing
Contents
Contents
PPaaggee PPaaggee
Foreword
Foreword……….………. 11
Annex A
Annex A (Normativ
(Normative) Testing Principles for
e) Testing Principles for
1 Area of Application1 Area of Application ……… 22
Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors
Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors ………...
………...
7
7
2 Reference to Standards
2 Reference to Standards ……… 22
Annex B (Normative) Construction Planning
Annex B (Normative) Construction Planning ………
………
11
11
3 Definitions
3 Definitions ………...………... 33
Annex C
Annex C (Normativ
(Normative) Testing
e) Testing Require
Requirements for
ments for Small-
Small-4 Requirements
4 Requirements ……….………. 33
Format Cladding Sheets Outside the Rules of the Trade
Format Cladding Sheets Outside the Rules of the Trade
5 Load Acceptance and Shape Changes
5 Load Acceptance and Shape Changes ………….…………. 44
Annex D (For information) Sample for the Design
Annex D (For information) Sample for the Design ……..
……..
11
11
6 Proof of Stability
6 Proof of Stability ……….………. 55
and Arrangement of a Wind Block
and Arrangement of a Wind Block ……….
……….
12
12
7
7 ProProtectectiotion n of of BuiBuildilding ng MaMaterterialials s and and ComComponponentents s 66
Annex E (For information ) Bibliography
Annex E (For information ) Bibliography ………...
………...
12
12
Foreword
Foreword
This standard was prepared by NABau Working Committee “Cladding for External Walls, Rear
This standard was prepared by NABau Working Committee “Cladding for External Walls, Rear -Ventilated,
-Ventilated,
Requirements, Principles of Testing.”
Requirements, Principles of Testing.”
DIN 18516 “Cladding for External Walls” consists of:
DIN 18516 “Cladding for External Walls” consists of:
- Part 1: Requirements, Principles of Testing
- Part 1: Requirements, Principles of Testing
-
- Part 3:
Part 3: Natural Constructio
Natural Construction
n Stone, Requirement
Stone, Requirements,
s, Dimensi
Dimensioning
oning
-
- Part 4:
Part 4: Single
Single-Pane Safety
-Pane Safety Glass, Requiremen
Glass, Requirements, Dimensioning
ts, Dimensioning, , Testing
Testing
-
- Part 5:
Part 5: Concre
Concrete
te Constru
Construction Stone,
ction Stone, Requir
Requirements, Dimensionin
ements, Dimensioning
g
Amendments
Amendments
Compared to the edition of January 1990, the following amendments were made:
Compared to the edition of January 1990, the following amendments were made:
a) The area of application of the standard was specified.
a) The area of application of the standard was specified.
b) Sections 5.1.2 and 6.7.2 were expanded.
b) Sections 5.1.2 and 6.7.2 were expanded.
c) Section 6.4.6 was added.
c) Section 6.4.6 was added.
d) In
d) In Sectio
Section 7.2.1, titanium
n 7.2.1, titanium zinc was expanded
zinc was expanded..
e) Section 7.4
e) Section 7.4 Heat Insulation was reformulated.
Heat Insulation was reformulated.
f) The standard was reworded from an editing point of view.
f) The standard was reworded from an editing point of view.
Earlier Editions
Earlier Editions
DIN 18515:
DIN 18515: 1970-07
1970-07
DIN 18515 Bbl: 1973-12
DIN 18515 Bbl: 1973-12
DIN 18516-1: 1990-01
DIN 18516-1: 1990-01
Continuation Pages 2 of 12
Continuation Pages 2 of 12
Constru
Construction Standards Committee (NABau) in
ction Standards Committee (NABau) in the DIN,
the DIN, German Institute for
German Institute for Standa
Standardizatio
rdization
n e.V.
e.V.
© DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V.
© DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V. – – Any type of reproduction, even in extract form, isAny type of reproduction, even in extract form, is permitted only with the approval of the DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V., Berlin. permitted only with the approval of the DIN German Institute for Standardization e.V., Berlin. Single-copy sales of stand
Single-copy sales of standards by ards by Beutch Publishing House GBeutch Publishing House GmbH, 10772 BerlinmbH, 10772 Berlin
Ref. No. DIN 18516-1: 1999-12 Ref. No. DIN 18516-1: 1999-12 Price Group
Price Group 08 Contract N08 Contract No. 0008 o. 0008
[Vertically in the margin:]
1 Area of Application
This standard applies to rear-ventilated external wall cladding, with and without substructure, including anchoring, connecting and fastening. It specifies planning, dimensioning and design principles for durable and safe rear-ventilated external wall cladding.
This standard does not apply to:
a) room finishing structure parts and their components, for example, trapezoidal shape constructions according to DIN 18807,
b) external wall cladding (products and fastening) made of small-format sheets (2.1 of List C Edition 99/1) as well as those made of metal in standing fold and in clapboard, whose products are covered in DIN standards and whose use is covered by recognized and proven trade rules, see also Annex C.
Small-format sheets are elements with a surface area of less than 0.4m2and a weight of < 5 kg.
c) heat insulation compound systems, d) cladding attached with mortar,
e) for facades in which the external wall cladding is attached more than 15 cm away from the insulation or from the supporting outer wall. The concept “front-hung, rear-ventilated facade” is used with the same meaning as the concept “rear -ventilated external wall cladding.”
2 Reference to Standards
This standard contains specifications from other publications through dated or undated references. These standardizing references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed below. In the case of dated references, later changes or rewrites of these publications belong to this standard only if they are included by changes or rewrites. In the case of undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
DIN 1052-1
Wooden Structures – Calculation and Design DIN 1052-2
Wooden Structures – Mechanical Connections DIN 1055-1
Load Acceptance for Structures – Storage Materials, Construction Materials and Components, Their Own Weight and Angles of Friction DIN 1055-4
Load Acceptance for Structures – Traffic Loads, Wind Loads in the Case of Non-Oscillating Structures
DIN 1055-5
Load Acceptance for Structures – Traffic Loads, Snow Loads and Ice Loads
DIN 4113-1: 1980-05
Aluminum Construction Subjected to Primarily Static Loading – Calculation and Structural Design
DIN 17455
Welded Circular Pipe Made of Stainless Steels for General Requirements – Technical Supply Conditions
DIN 17456
Seamless Circular Pipes Made of Stainless Steels for General Requirements – Technical Supply Conditions
DIN 18165-1
Fiber Insulation for Construction – Insulating Materials for Heat Insulation
Standard of the Series DIN 18807
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Construction DIN 55928-8: 1994-07
Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures Using Coatings and Coverings – Part 8: Corrosion Protection of Bearing Thin-Walled Components
DIN 68800-1
Protection of Wood in High-Rise Construction - General DIN 68800-2
Protection of Wood – Part 2: Preventive Construction Measures in High-Rise Construction
DIN 68800-3
Protection of Wood – Preventive Chemical Protection of Wood
DIN 68800-5
Protection of Wood in High-Rise Construction – Preventive Chemical Protection of Wood Materials
DIN EN 485-2
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys – Strips, Sheets and Plates – Part 2: Mechanical Properties; German Version EN
485-2:1994 DIN EN 573-3
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys – Chemical Composition and Form of Semi-Finished Products – Part 3: Chemical Composition; German Version EN 573-3:1994
DIN EN 573-4
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys – Chemical Composition and Form of Semi-Finished Products – Part 4: Product Shapes; German Version EN 573-4: 1994
DIN EN 988
Zinc and Zinc Alloys – Requirements for Rolled Flat Products for Construction; German Version EN 988: 1996 DIN EN 1652
Cooper and Cooper Alloys – Plates, Sheets, Bands, Strips and Discs for General Use; German Version EN 1652: 1997 DIN EN 10025
Hot-Rolled Products from Unalloyed Structural Steels – Technical Conditions of Supply (includes Amendment A1: 1993); German Version EN 10025: 1990
DIN EN 10088-1
Stainless Steel – Part 1: Index of Stainless Steels; German Version EN 10088-1: 1995
DIN EN 10088-2
Stainless Steel – Part 2: Technical Conditions of Supply for Sheets and Strips for General Use; German Version EN 10088-2: 1995
DIN EN 10088-3
Stainless Steel – Part 3: Technical Conditions of Supply for Semi-Finished Goods, Rods, Rolled Wire and Shapes for General Use; German Version EN 10088-3: 1995
DIN EN 10147
Continuous Hot Galvanized Strip and Sheet of Construction Steels – Technical Conditions of Supply (includes Amendment A1: 1995); German Version EN 10147: 1991
and A1: 1995 DIN EN 10214
Continuous Hot-Dipped Strip and Sheet of Steel with Zinc-Aluminum Coatings (ZA) – Technical Conditions of Supply; German Version EN 10214: 1995
DIN EN 12163
Copper and Copper Alloys – Bars for General Use; German Version EN 12163: 1998
DIN EN 12164
Copper and Copper Alloys – Bars for Tensile Processing; German Version EN 12164: 1998
DIN EN 12165
Copper and Copper Alloys – Raw Material for Forged Parts; German Version EN 12165: 1998
DIN EN 12166
Copper and Copper Alloys – Wires for General Use; German Version EN 12166: 1998
DIN EN 12167 Copper
Copper and Copper Alloys – Shapes and Rectangular Rods for General Use; German Version EN 12167: 1998
DIN EN 12168
Copper and Copper Alloys – Hollow Rods for Tensile Processing; German Version EN 12168: 1998
DIN EN ISO 3506-1
Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel – Part 1: Screws (ISO 3506-1: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-1: 1997 DIN EN ISO 3506-2
Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel – Part 2: Nuts (ISO 3506-2: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-2: 1997 DIN EN ISO 3506-3
Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Stainless Steel – Part 3: Threaded Rods and Similar Bolts not Subjected to Tension (ISO 3506-3: 1997); German Version EN ISO 3506-3: 1997
DIN EN ISO 12944-5: 1998-07
Coating Materials – Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures by Coating Systems – Part 5: Coating Systems (ISO 12955-5: 1998); German Version EN ISO 12944-5: 1998
3 Definitions
The following definitions apply for the application of this standard:
3.1 External Wall Cladding
This is composed of:
a) Cladding with open or closed joints or overlapping elements and/or joints;
b) Substructure, to the extent necessary, consisting of support and possibly wall shapes made of metal, for example, consoles with sliding and fixing points, alternatively made of wood strips (support strips) or sheathing, for example, made of wood material sheets with or without furring strips (base strips);
c) Anchors, fasteners, attaching devices; d) Supplementary parts, for example:
connecting shapes for building corners, building pedestals,
soffits, eaves and the like,
ventilation tracks
devices for the attachment of frames, sealing strips;
e) if applicable, insulating layer, insulating holders.
3.2 Anchor
A part which mechanically anchors the substructure into the wall. A part which anchors the cladding directly to the wall if no
substructure is present.
3.3 Fastener (for External Wall Cladding)
A part which mechanically fastens the cladding or substructure to each other, always with metal means.
3.4 Attaching Device (for External Wall Cladding)
A part which mechanically fastens the cladding to the substructure, always with metal means.
4 Requirements
4.1 General
For materials and design, the following must be taken into account:
a possible corrosion loading, for example, due to acid
precipitation, humidity of the outside air, dew formation, as well as evaporation in water pockets,
the possibility of noise development, for example, due to
wind and temperature stressing.
4.2 Physical Construction Requirements
4.2.1 In the case of heat, dampness, noise and fire protection, the interaction of the outer wall with the inner wall cover is to be taken into account. Thermal bridges which arise from anchors or fasteners are to be taken into consideration1 2.
4.2.2 Rear ventilation is necessary in order to reduce humidity, to drain precipitation which may enter, for the capillary separation of the cladding from the insulation layer or the wall surface and to drain melt water on the inside of the cladding. This requirement is fulfilled as a rule if the cladding is installed at a distance of at least 20 mm from the external wall or from the insulation layer. The distance may be reduced in places to as little as 5 mm, for example, due to the substructure or wall irregularities (see 6.1).
In the case of vertically placed trapezoidal or corrugated profile sheets, the cladding may be applied as strips, where it must be assured that the free rear ventilation cross section is at least 200 cm2/m.
4.2.3 For rear-ventilated external wall cladding, ventilation and exhaust openings are to be provided at least at the foot of the building and at the edge of the roof with cross sections of at least 50 cm2per meter of wall length.
1
See “Thermal Bridge Guideline in the Case of Hung Rear -Ventilated Facades,” available from the Technical Association for Construction Materials and Components for Hung
Rear-Ventilated Facades e.V. (FVHF), 10898 Berlin.
2
See FVHF – Focus 4 “Sound Insulation with Hung
Rear -Ventilated Facades,” available from the Technical Association for Construction Materials and Components for Hung
4.3 Design Requirements
4.3.1 In order to limit a continuous rip in the cladding in the case of local failure, special measures are to be taken, taking into account the deformations arising therefrom; for example, the external wall cladding is to be subdivided into surfaces of about 50 m2 – such as horizontal distances every 8 m and vertically every two floors – or individual fastening or anchoring points are to be reinforced. In the case of brittle cladding parts, these measures are not necessary.
4.3.2 The external wall cladding is to be installed so that it is technically free of stress.
4.3.3 In the case of sliding points (for example, of substructures), between the sliding parts, sufficient play is to be provided taking into account the manufacturer’s tolerances. Corrosion pr otection layers may not be destroyed by slipping processes.
4.3.4 Loading resulting from changes in shape according to 5.2 may not cause damage to the fastening and attaching points in the cladding or in the substructure (destruction of the corrosion protection layer due to the formation of slits, failure of the fasteners and attachments).
4.3.5 It must be possible to maintain cladding, for example, by using extension ladders or scaffolding. Anchoring possibilities for scaffolds are to be arranged in such a manner that, if possible, no cladding elements must be removed when assembling the scaffolding.
4.3.6 In the area of moving joints in the structure, the same movements must be possible in the substructure and in the cladding; the spirit of this applies also for moving joints in the substructure.
4.3.7 The maximum distance from fasteners and attachments in the cladding and in the substructure must be at least 10 mm.
4.3.8 Insulating materials are to be installed durably, without openings and in a stable shape, even taking into account a possible humidity loading due to the effects of weathering. See also 7.4.
4.4 Requirements for Installation
The geometric data of the permanent safety instructions are to be followed during installation.
Underlayment sheets or wedges must be secured in their positions. In the installation of the support shape and of the cladding, slippage possibilities provided are to be taken into account.
5. Load Acceptance and Shape Changes
5.1 Load Acceptance
5.1.1 The Structure’s Own Load
If the calculated value of the internal load of a material cannot be taken from DIN 1055-1, its internal load must be proven taking into account a possible absorption of moisture due using a construction supervision test certificate.
5.1.2 Wind Loading
5.1.2.1 For proof of wind loading, DIN 1055-4 will apply.
5.1.2.2 For buildings with rear-ventilated external wall cladding, in the limit area, the increased wind wake loads according to DIN 1055-4 must not be used if the external wall cladding is permeable to the wind, for example, due to open joints between the cladding sheets.
In this regard, the following applies:
a) The relative permeability to wind of the external wall cladding, including the substructure, must be in accordance with equation (1).
ε >0.75% (1)
with respect to the building side surface. For the determination of ε,equation (2) is used
AF
ε
= AW
x100% (2)
where:
AF the surface area of the open joints permeable on all
sides;
AW the surface area of the external wall cladding.
The joints should, however, not be wider than 20 mm, unless smaller widths are necessary for weathering reasons. b) The resistance to flow must correspond to equation (3)
Q = s/a < 0.005 (3) Where:
Q the resistance to flow;
s the depth of the rear ventilation gap; a the length of the narrow building side.
c) Along the vertical building edges, a durable vertical wind block, stable in shape, must be installed over the entire building height in order to provide resistance to flow in the air gap, see Figure D.1.
Only if the conditions indicated in a) through c) are fulfilled can the reduced wind wake loads be applied.
5.1.3 Snow and Ice Loads
Snow and ice loads according to DIN 1055-5 are to be taken into account in special climatic relationships, both in the case of possibly being deposited at or on the cladding as a rule with 0.1 kN/m2. In the case of external wall greening, the effects of snow and ice loads on the external wall cladding are to be investigated in each individual case.
5.1.4 Special Loads
Special loads, for example, from advertising equipment, external wall greening, solar protection devices, scaffolding anchors, independently of the external wall cladding, are to be brought into the supporting wall or are to be considered in the proof of stability.
5.2 Shape Changes 5.2.1 General
Shape changes may not affect external wall cladding in their function.
5.2.2 Temperature Effects, Expansion and Contraction In the case of external wall cladding, as a rule, main temperature differences between the temperature at installation (in general + 10°C) and limit temperatures of –20°C and +80°C are to be considered.
Under some circumstances, temperature differences between the outer and inner surface of the cladding sheet are to be considered: as an approximation for mineral building materials, ΔT = 1.5 xd (sheet thickness d in centimeters, ΔT in Kelvin) is applicable.
Expansion and contraction must also be taken into account, where applicable, using the temperature differences indicated in the first paragraph.
Materials which are not subject to expansion and contraction loads may be calculated with proof of the actual temperature relationships.
5.2.3 Shape Changing of the Structure and the Foundation Soil Shape changing of the structure and the foundation soil are to be taken into account statically and for design in the external wall cladding.
6 Proof of Stability
6.1 General
In the proof of stability, in order to take into account deviations from measurements of the curtain wall, a supplement of at least 20 mm to the planned distance between the external wall and the cladding is to be used. It is permissible to deviate from this if small measurement deviations are determined locally.
6.2 Load Cases
To the extent that main and supplementary loads are to be differentiated, the loads according to 5.1 with the structure zone weight and wind load as the main loads (load case H) are to be taken as a basis for the proof of stability of the external wall cladding.
In case changes in shape according to 5.2 cannot be detected in the structure, then the acceptance of the required loading is to be proven for the cladding, substructure, anchoring, fasteners and attachments.
6.3 Dimensioning
6.3.1 All parts of the external wall cladding are to be dimensioned with the safety and permissible tensions which are specified in the corresponding standards.
6.3.2 The load capacity of fasteners and attachments which are not regulated in standards or building permits must be proven on the basis of testing according to A.3. Reference is made to the building regulation list A Part 2. The permissible loads are to be determined from the 5% quantile
of the failure loads with a confidence level of 75% and a safety factor of γ = 3.
6.3.3 For testing requirements for external wall cladding with small-format sheets, aside from the rules of the trade, Annex C applies.
6.4 Cladding
6.4.1 Each cladding element must be individually fastened.
6.4.2 In the case of computer determination of the cut sizes, the storage conditions – supported stiffly or flexibly – are to be followed. If the external wall cladding is held by multiple fasteners, then only two fasteners may be used to conduct the vertical load.
6.4.3 In the case of deformations, the cladding may not touch either the attachments of the insulation material, the insulation material itself or the wall (however, see 4.2.2).
6.4.4 Sheet stresses, for example, from their own weight, as a rule need not be proven.
6.4.5 The minimum thicknesses and dimensions specified in the standards for load-carrying building parts do not apply to the cladding.
6.4.6 When proving the bending stresses in the cladding sheets for statically indeterminate support, the stiffness ratio between substructure and the external wall cladding is to be taken into consideration.3
6.5 Substructures
6.5.1 For the determination of cutting sizes, a stiff support by the substructure can be taken as a basis. The proof of stability for the substructure can in general not take into account the backing of the cladding (sheet beam effect).
The cladding may be backed, but it requires proof of usability for the purpose for which it is used, for example, through a general permit from building supervision.
6.5.2 The loading of the substructure by the cladding and the loads transferred by it may be determined assuming a stiff support. In the case of neighboring field widths which differ by a factor of more than 0.8 or in the case of a two-field support of the cladding, the pass-through effect is to be taken into consideration.
The calculation of the wood substructure, including necessary wood strips (support strips) or shells, even, for example, made of wood material sheets with or without counter strips (base lathes), will be done in accordance with DIN 1052-1.
6.6 Fasteners and Attachments
6.6.1 The forces in the attachments and possibly in the fasteners of the cladding are to be determined taking into account the flexibility of the substructure.3
6.6.2 For the loads on the fasteners and attachments resulting from wind wake in the case of stiff substructures, the second clause of 6.5.2 also applies. This is also the case for the cladding anchors (without substructures).
6.6.3 In the substructures made of wood, for the connection of timbers to each other, for example support lathes to the base lathe, only fasteners suitable for permanent tensile loading may be used.
The calculation of the substructure including the necessary wood lathes (support lathes) or sheeting, even for example made of wood material sheets with or without counter lathes (basic lathes) will be done in accordance with DIN 1052-1.
6.6.4 Notwithstanding the minimum thickness indicated in the standards for supporting components, fasteners of different measurements can be used if their support capability has been tested in accordance with Annex A.
3
6.7 Anchors
6.7.1 For anchors, the minimum distance from the edge for the bolts according to DIN 1052-2 applies, where for d bthe support cross section of
the anchor is to be used, for example, in the case of plastic peg-screw combinations, only the screw diameter d sis the defining factor.
6.7.2 Pegs, rails, etc. may be used only if their usability has been proven, for example, through a general permit from building supervision.
7 Protection of Building Materials and Components
7.1 General
Building components which, after manufacture of the external wall cladding, are not accessible without the removal of parts for later control purposes, must be permanently protected against biological and chemical effects, for example, corrosion.
If,
a biological or chemical stressing is present, components are not accessible,
the failure is not obvious and detected in good time, and in case of failure, a substantial hazard is to be expected,
then only the building materials listed in 7.2.1 through 7.2.3 may be used without special proof.
7.2 Metal Components 7.2.1 Cladding
The following metals may be used without special proof of corrosion protection:
a) stainless steels according to DIN EN 1 through DIN EN 10088-3, DIN 17455 or DIN 17456, material numbers 1.4301, 1.4541, 1.4401, 1.4571,
b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1 and DIN EN 485-2, ALMn 1, ALMnCu, ALMn 1Mg 0.5, ALMn 1 Mg 1, ALMg 1, ALMg 1.5 and ALMg 2.5,
c) copper according to DIN 1652, SF-Cu material numbers 2.0090 and CuZn20 material number 2.0250 as well as copper according to DIN EN 12167 and DIN EN 12168, CuZn40Mn2 material number 2.0572, d) steel types according to DIN EN 10147 and DIN EN 10214 with
corrosion protection – at least on the back - according to Table 3 of DIN 55928-8: 1994-07, protection system identification numbers 3-600.1, 3-600.5 and 3-205.1 as well as Table 4, protection system identification numbers 4-310.2 and 4-200.3. Steel types according to DIN EN 10025 and corrosion protection on the back according to Table A.1 of DIN EN ISO 12944-5:1998-07, coating system number S1.15, S1.27 and S1.28.
Hot galvanizing at least 275 g/m2and coating layer according to Table 4 of DIN 55928-8: 19907, protection system identification number 4-200.2
For steel with a thickness over 3 mm, the corresponding determinations in 7.2.2 will apply.
For another corrosion protection systems, a proof of suitability from an official material testing institute is to be submitted.
For protection of the bored hole edges of thin-walled claddings made of unalloyed steel sheet, an elastomer washer must be placed between the head of the connector or of the washer and the cladding element. It may not be damaged by the tightening torque of the screws (cracking).
e) Titanium zinc (alloyed zinc) according to DIN EN 988, material short designation D-ZN, material number 2.2203.
7.2.2 Substructure
The following metals may be used without special proof of corrosion protection:
a) stainless steels according to DIN EN 10088-1 through DIN EN 10088-3, DIN 17455 or DIN 17456, material numbers 1.4301, 1.4541 for accessible structures, otherwise 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571,
b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1 and DIN EN 485-2, ALMn 1, ALMnCu, ALMn 1 Mg 0.5, ALMn 1 Mg 1, ALMg 1, ALMg 1.5 and ALMg 2.5, for thicknesses below 1.6 mm with corrosion protection according to Section 10 of DIN 4113-1: 1980-05,
Aluminum components may be applied directly to concrete components if it is assured that no dampness can get between the components.
c) copper according to DIN 1652, CuDHP material numbers CW024A and CuZn20 material number CW503L, at least 1.5 mm thick, as well as copper according to DIN EN 12167; CuZn40Mn2Fe1 material number CW723R,
d) steel types according to DIN EN 10025 in thicknesses of at least 3 mm with corrosion protection according to Table A.1 of DIN EN ISO 12944-5: 1998-07, coating system number S1.21, S1.34, S1.15, S1.21, S1.28 and S1.34.
For other corrosion protection systems, proof of suitability is to be submitted.
7.2.3 Anchors, Fasteners and Attachments
7.2.3.1 The following may be used as anchors, fasteners and attachments without special proof of corrosion protection:
a) stainless steels according to 7.2.2.a) as well as according to DIN EN ISO 3506-1 through DIN EN ISO 3506-3 of steel groups A2 for accessible structures, otherwise A4, if the tightening stage < C 700 according to DIN 10088-1 through DIN EN 10088-3 and the tensile strength < 850 N/mm2, b) aluminum according to DIN 4113-1, DIN EN 573-3 and DIN
EN 573-4,
aluminum components may be applied directly to concrete components if it is assured that no dampness can get between the components,
c) copper according to DIN EN 12163, DIN EN 12164, DIN EN 12165 and DIN EN 12166:
SF-Cu material number 2.0090, CuZn37 material number 2.0321,
CuZn36Pb1,5 material number 2.0331 and CuNi1,5Si material number 2.0835.
7.2.3.2 For anchors, the following can be used without special proof of corrosion protection: stainless steels according to DIN EN 10088-1 through DIN EN 10088-3, DIN 17455, DIN 17456, material numbers 1.4401, 1.4571, mechanical fasteners according to DIN EN ISO 3506-1 through DIN EN ISO 3506-3, steel group A4.
Pegs, rails, etc. may be used only if their usability has been proven, for example, through a general permit from building supervision.
7.3 Components Made of Wood
Wood and wood materials are to be protected in accordance with DIN 68800-1 through DIN 68800-3 and DIN 68800-5.
7.4 Thermal Insulation
For thermal insulation in the case of rear-ventilated external wall cladding, only insulating materials which are standardized and permitted by the construction supervision may be selected. With respect to thermal bridges, 4.2 is to be followed.
Insulating sheets are to be placed tightly against each other in such a manner that there are no gaps between the background and the insulating layer. They are to be fastened mechanically with an average of 5 insulation holders per m2 and connected tightly to neighboring components.
If insulating sheets cannot be mechanically fastened to backgrounds, the insulating sheets are to be glued in place; in this connection, fiber insulating sheets must correspond to the application type WV according to DIN 18165-1 in order to achieve sufficient resistance to being torn off.
7.5 Compatibility of Different Building Materials
It must be assured through design measures and the selection of suitable building materials that damaging effects are excluded, for example of different construction materials among themselves – even without directly touching, especially in the direction of flow of water. Contact and gap corrosion is to be prevented, for example, by means of elastic intermediate or sliding layers, roof tar paper, plastic sheeting.
Annex A (Normative)
Testing Principles for Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors
A.1 General
Testing is applicable only for fasteners of cladding and substructure reciprocally, of anchors of the cladding on substructures and for direct anchoring in the area of cladding.
The anchoring, fastening and attachment areas on the cladding and the substructure are to be created on the cladding and substructure under static, unfavorable assumptions, with deviations in the axis and distances from the edge of 10% with the supervision of a recognized testing facility.
If the failure criteria are not known, they must be determined by means of a component trial. Subsequently, the support capability of the fasteners, attachments and anchors are to be determined through individual trials. If component trials and individual part trials result in different failure criteria, further trials are to be performed. The results of the trials are to be evaluated statistically according to A.3.1 and A.3.2. A.2 Testing of the Support Capability of Fasteners, Attachments and Anchors in the Cladding Using Component Trials
In order to determine the manner and load failure, the component trial is to be carried out with the same attachment and fastener as in the cladding and substructure to be used with the least favorable dimensions and manner of attachment, taking into account the greatest possible deformation.
To simulate wind pressure and wake loading, the cladding is to be stressed perpendicularly to its plane with a constant surface loading, for example, with the aid of a plastic bag.
A.3 Individual Part Trials A.3.1 Testing for Shearing
On test bodies made of cladding and substructure, at least 10 shear trials are to be performed in accordance with Fig. A.1 in each case.
In the testing, the smallest provided distances from edges a min andb minand the smallest fastener and attachment means distances are to be
complied with in accordance with the design. On the test bodies with the least breakage load, sufficiently numerous trials are to be supplemented so that for a static evaluation at least 10 trial results are available.
After the static evaluation, the trial results are to be corrected with respect to
the minimum tightness in relation to the tightness determined in the trials, and the nominal thickness to the actual thickness of the failing part.
In the case of fasteners and attachments for parts of the external wall cladding, which are approximately equally stiff, taking into account the anchor, the trials are to be carried out according to Fig. A.1.b). If one part is almost brittle compared to the other, then the trials are to be carried out according to Fig. A.1.c). If the actual relationships lie between those of Fig. A.1.c) and A.1.d), both trials are to be performed.
A.3.2 Testing for Tensile Strength
On test bodies from cladding and substructure, at least 10 trials are to be carried out with tensile loading.
If, in the component trial according to 8.1, the failure is affected by the substructure, the trials are to be carried out according to Fig. A.2.a) and/or Fig. A.2.b). In all other cases, they can be carried out according to Fig. A.3.
NOTE: The fasteners can fail by breaking off, pulling out of the substructure or by pushing or pulling through the cladding. A support effect from the trial arrangement can, as a rule, be excluded if d Ror l is at least D + 5, where D is the diameter of the head of the fastener as
well as the thickness of the cladding. An effect of deformation of the test body is prevented, if the support width d Ror l is selected in such
a fashion that no bending failure occurs.
d R and l are to be determined in such a manner that favorable effects on the results due to the support effect of the trial arrangement or
through deformations of the test body are excluded.
On the test bodies, sufficient trials are to be carried out, so that for a static evaluation, at least 10 trial results are available. After the statistical evaluation, the trial results are to be corrected with respect to
the minimum tightness in relation to the tightness determined in the trials, and
the nominal cross-sectional values to the actual cross-sectional values which are responsible for the failure.
Fig. A.1: Individual part trials for shearing loading on the cladding
with substructure or substructure parts (Examples)
1 Cladding element 2 Substructure
b) Elevation a) Elevation
c) Cross section, Case 1 d) Cross section, Case 2 F Q Shearing force
amin Smallest provided distance from the edge of cladding
b min Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructure
s 1 Thickness of cladding
A.3.3 Limit Values for Diagonal Tension
If fastening, attachment and anchoring points are stressed by oblique tension, then the permissible oblique tensile force can be determined corresponding to the ratio of maximum permissible shearing force to the maximum permissible extraction form (see Fig. A.4)
Alternatively, these values can also be determined by trials.
Fig. A.2: Testing of the attachment of a cladding to a substructure (Examples)
a) Testing in the joint area of a cladding
b) Testing in the middle area of a cladding 1 Cladding
2 Spacer 3 Pipe section 4 Substructure F Z Tensile force
a min Smallest provided distance from the edge of cladding
b min Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructure
Fig. A.3: Testing of the fastening (Examples)
Fig. A.4: Sample for the determination of the oblique tensile force S
A.4 General Certificate from Building Supervision
In a general test certificate from building supervision covering the testing of fasteners and attachments, the following should be indicated: building materials, dimensions and strength of the cladding, substructures, fasteners, attachments and anchors with the possibly required washers, their moments of tightening, for example, in the case of self-threading screws, load deformation diagrams, the test results showing the statistical distribution, as well as the statistical evaluation of the strengths and dimensions determined for the parts tested by the test facilities and comparison with the data from the manufacturer.
The test results are to be evaluated with the 5% quantile with a reliability level of 75% with a number of spot tests of at least 10. a) Testing in the classing
a) Testing in the substructure 1 Cladding
2 Substructure F Z Tensile force
l Support width of the test body
a min Smallest provided distance from the edge of cladding
b min Smallest provided distance from the edge of substructure
Annex B (Normative)
Construction Planning
In the execution plans, the following are to be indicated:
a) Anchoring base, for example, massive wall, infill in a skeleton structure, according to type and thickness, for example, stone strength class, mortar group, concrete strength class.
b) Substructure and cladding according to construction materials and type of corrosion protection with protection system identification number and the measurements of the individual parts.
c) Fasteners, attachments and anchors by type, material, number and placement.
d) Joints according to the location of the building joints, the expansion joints in the substructure and cladding, the form of the joints in substructures and cladding.
Annex C (Normative)
Testing Requirements for Small-Format Cladding Sheets Outside the Rules of the Trade C.1 General
Even for cladding sheets with a surface area < 0.4 m2 and a weight < 5 kg, whose use is not covered by recognized rules of the trade4 because they differ in material, shape and/or type of fastening, the sufficiency of their supporting ability must be documented by trials.
It is assumed that such sheets are supported free of stresses at four points (one fixed point, three sliding points, the weight of the sheet transferred at two points).
C.2 Necessary Trials
The local supporting ability in the fastening area with stiff support along with flexing support capability of the cladding sheets and in case of brittle sheets, their security of installation (by applying a tensile force in the area of an attaching point not connected to the anchor base) must be shown by 10 trials for the attaching variants planned.
Furthermore, the working together of the sheets with the substructure must be examined in a component trial using a representative section of the structure with surface loading in the wind wake direction.
The bending breaking load of the cladding sheets (material identifying value) in the positive and negative position is to be determined in each of 10 three-point flexing trials. Whole sheets or representative sections thereof can be tested. As a rule, sheet sections with a width of 200 mm with a field length of 300 mm are tested.
If the supporting ability of the attaching elements cannot be proven according to the standards, it is to be determined in the defining load directions (central traction, cross traction and oblique traction direction) in each of 10 individual trials, taking into account the most unfavorable possible effects resulting from weight differences, differing edge forms, length changes (temperature and/or humidity variations) and installation effects (for example, in the case of metal attaching clamps, the effect of different binding depths of the cladding sheets into the attaching clamps is to be determined).
C.3 Performance of the Trials and Evaluation
In the performance of the trials and their evaluation, sections A.1 and A.4 are to be considered.
The trials may be carried out only by testing entities which have the right to issue building supervision test results for the area of “external wall cladding, rear-ventilated.”
C.4 New Construction Materials and New Attaching Elements
For new construction materials and/or composites composed of different components and for attaching elements other than screws, rivets and metal clamps, additional trials are to be carried out in order to prove their basic suitability. These must be determined for each individual case, as a rule in connection with a permitting process.
4
For example, Rules of the Central Association of German Roofers. Available from the publishing company Rudolf Müller, Stolberger Straße 76, 50933 Cologne.
Annex D (For information)
Sample for the Design and Arrangement of a Wind Block
Figure D.1: Sample of a wind block (Schematic sketch) Annex E (For information)
Bibliography
Standards of the Series DIN 4102
Fire Behavior of Building Materials and Building Components Standards of the Series DIN 4108
Thermal Protection in High-Rise Buildings DIN 4109
Noise Protection in High-Rise Buildings – Requirements and Proofs DIN 18351
General Technical Contractual Conditions for Construction Services (ATV) – Facade Work DIN 18800-2
Steel Structures – Stability Cases – Bending of Rods and Rod Frames DIN 18800-3
Steel Structures – Stability Cases – Sheet Dents DIN 18800-4
Steel Structures – Stability Cases – Shell Dents DIN 18807-1
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Steel Trapezoidal Shapes – General Requirements, Determination of Support Capability Values Through Calculation
DIN 18807-2
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Steel Trapezoidal Shapes – Performance and Evaluation of Support Capability Trials DIN 18807-3
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Steel Trapezoidal Shapes – Proof of Strength and Design Shaping DIN 18807-6
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections – Determination of Support Capability Values Through Calculation
DIN 18807-7
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections – Determination of Support Capability Values Through Trials
DIN 18807-8
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections –Proof of Support Security and Suitability for Use
DIN 18807-9
Trapezoidal Shapes in High-Rise Buildings – Part 9: Aluminum Trapezoidal Shapes and Their Connections – Application and Design DIN EN 1936
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys – Strip Layered Sheets and Strips for General Applications – Specifications; German Version EN 1936:1996
Regulations for Energy-Saving Thermal Protection in Buildings (Thermal Protection Regulations – WärmeschutzV) of 8/16/1994 BGBl I, 1994, No. 55, Pages 2121 to 2132.
Building Regulation List A and List C.
Rules of the Central Association of German Roofers. 1 Wind block 2 Anchor 3 Cladding 4 Air space 5 Thermal insulation 6 Load-bearing wall
