W
ATER
CAD
U
SER
’
S
G
UIDE
WaterCAD User’s Guide. WaterCAD Online Help.
This documentation is published by Haestad Methods, Inc. (“Haestad”), and is intended solely for use in conjunction with Haestad’s software. This documentation is available to all current
Licensees in print and electronic format. No one may copy, photocopy, reproduce, translate, or convert to any electronic or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, the printed documentation without the prior written approval of Haestad. Licensee may download the electronic
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Trademarks
The following are registered trademarks of Haestad Methods, Inc.:
CulvertMaster, Cybernet, Darwin, FlowMaster, Graphical HEC-1, PondPack, SewerCAD, StormCAD, WaterCAD, and WaterGEMS.
The following are trademarks of Haestad Methods, Inc.: HEC-Pack, HAMMER, PumpMaster, and GISConnect.
Haestad Methods is a registered tradename of Haestad Methods, Inc.
AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. ESRI is a registered trademark of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, Visual Studio, Word, and Excel, are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other brands, company or product names, or trademarks belong to their respective holders.
Portions of this document include intellectual property of ESRI and its licensor(s) and are used herein under license. Copyright © 1999-2003 ESRI and its licensor(s). All rights reserved.
37 Brookside Road Waterbury, CT 06708-1499 USA Phone: +1-203-755-1666 Fax: +1-203-597-1488
Contents
Chapter 1: Orientation
27
Using the WaterCAD Documentation . . . .1-28 What’s New? . . . .1-29
Previously Added in WaterCAD v5.0. . . .1-30 Previously Added in WaterCAD v4.5. . . .1-31 Previously Added in WaterCAD v4.0. . . .1-32
Installation, Upgrades, and Updates . . . .1-33
Minimum System Requirements . . . .1-33 WATERCAD STAND-ALONE. . . .1-34
AUTOCAD MODE . . . .1-34
RECOMMENDED. . . .1-34
Installing Haestad Methods’ Products . . . .1-35 Uninstalling Haestad Methods’ Products. . . .1-35 Troubleshooting Setup or Uninstallation . . . .1-35 Software Registration . . . .1-36 Upgrades. . . .1-37 Globe Button . . . .1-37 Network Licensing . . . .1-37 Registering Network Programs . . . .1-38 REQUESTINGA PERMANENT NETWORK LICENSE . . . .1-39
INSTALLATION GUIDEFOR NETWORK LICENSE VERSIONS . . . .1-40
NETWORK DEPLOYMENT FOLDER. . . .1-41
Learning WaterCAD . . . .1-42
How Do I?—Frequently Asked Questions. . . .1-42 Glossary . . . .1-42 Tutorials. . . .1-42 Sample Projects . . . .1-43 Haestad Methods’ Workshops . . . .1-43
Contacting Haestad Methods. . . .1-43
Sales . . . .1-44 Technical Support . . . .1-44 SUPPORT HOURS . . . .1-44
Addresses . . . .1-45 Your Suggestions Count . . . .1-45
Main Window Components . . . 2-47
Stand-Alone and AutoCAD Mode . . . 2-48 WaterCAD Main Window . . . 2-49 Drawing Pane . . . 2-50 Layer Controls . . . 2-51 PROJECT LAYERS . . . 2-51
BACKGROUND LAYERS. . . 2-52
DXF Properties Dialog Box . . . 2-53 Shapefile Properties Dialog Box . . . 2-53 Status Bar . . . 2-55 Menus, Toolbars, and Shortcut Keys . . . 2-55 MENUS . . . 2-55
TOOLBARS. . . 2-56
SHORTCUT KEYS. . . 2-56
QUICK ATTRIBUTE SELECTOR. . . 2-56
COMMAND LINE. . . 2-57
WaterCAD Menus. . . 2-57
File Menu . . . 2-58 Edit Menu. . . 2-61 STAND-ALONE MODE. . . 2-61
AUTOCAD MODE. . . 2-62
Analysis Menu . . . 2-63 View Menu . . . 2-64 Draw Menu (in AutoCAD Mode Only) . . . 2-66 Tools Menu . . . 2-66 EXTERNAL TOOL MANAGER . . . 2-68
EXTERNAL TOOL EDITOR . . . 2-69
Report Menu . . . 2-70 Help Menu . . . 2-70 USINGTHE ONLINE HELP. . . 2-72
Online Help Index. . . 2-73 Online Help Search . . . 2-74 Online Help Favorites. . . 2-75 Online Help Topics . . . 2-76 Navigation Arrows . . . 2-77
Using the Online Book (PDF) . . . 2-77 WaterCAD Toolbars . . . 2-78
Toolbar Button Summaries . . . 2-78 Tool Pane Summary . . . 2-78 FILE TOOLS (STAND-ALONE ONLY) . . . 2-79
ZOOM TOOLS (STAND-ALONE ONLY). . . 2-79
CALCULATIONAND DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS. . . 2-79
REPORTING TOOLS. . . 2-80
UPDATESAND HELP TOOLS . . . 2-80
The Tool Palette. . . 2-81 Analysis Toolbar. . . 2-81
General Status Information . . . .2-84 File Status . . . .2-84 Unit System Status . . . .2-84 Cursor Location . . . .2-84 Calculation Results Status. . . .2-84 Refresh and Auto-Refresh. . . .2-85
Chapter 3: Quick Start Lessons
87
Lesson 1: Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis. . . .3-87
Part 1—Creating a New Project File . . . .3-88 Part 2—Laying Out the Network . . . .3-90 Part 3—Entering Data . . . .3-93 Part 4—Entering Data through Dialog Boxes . . . .3-94 Part 5—Entering Data through FlexTables . . . .3-103 Part 6—Performing a Steady-State Analysis. . . .3-105
Lesson 2: Extended Period Simulation. . . .3-107
Part 1—Creating Demand Patterns. . . .3-107 Part 2—Running an Extended Period Simulation . . . 3-114
Lesson 3: Scenario Management . . . .3-116
Part 1—Creating a New Alternative . . . 3-116 Part 2—Editing and Creating Scenarios . . . .3-120 Part 3—Calculate and Compare . . . .3-122 Part 4—Physical Alternative . . . .3-124
Lesson 4: Reporting Results . . . .3-127
Part 1—Reports. . . .3-128 Part 2—Tabular Reports (FlexTables) . . . .3-132 Part 3—Create a Plan and Profile . . . .3-136 Part 4—Contouring . . . .3-138 Part 5—Element Annotation . . . .3-139 Part 6—Color Coding . . . .3-141
Lesson 5: Automated Fire Flow Analysis . . . .3-143
Part 1—Inputting Fire Flow Data . . . .3-143 Part 2—Calculating a Fire Flow Analysis . . . .3-148 Part 3—Viewing Fire Flow Results . . . .3-150
Lesson 6: Water Quality Analysis . . . .3-151
Part 1—Computing Water Age . . . .3-152 Part 2—Analyzing Constituent Concentrations . . . .3-159 Part 3—Performing a Trace Analysis . . . .3-162
Lesson 7: Working with Data from External Sources . . . .3-164
Part 1—Importing Shapefile Data . . . .3-166 Part 2—Importing Data from a Database . . . .3-173 Part 3—Converting CAD Drawing Entities . . . .3-181
Part 3—Using Results . . . 3-201
Lesson 10: Darwin Designer Overview . . . 3-205
Set Up for Darwin Designer . . . 3-213 Create the Optimized Design Run . . . 3-226 Calculate and Verify the Optimal Solution . . . 3-227 Conclusion . . . 3-235
Chapter 4: Starting a WaterCAD Project
237
File Management . . . 4-237
WaterCAD Backup Files . . . 4-238 WaterCAD Database Store . . . 4-238 Shapefile/Database Connection Files . . . 4-238 Libraries . . . 4-239 Additional Files . . . 4-239 Old File Format Dialog Box . . . 4-239
Import Command . . . 4-239 Multiple Sessions . . . 4-240 Importing a Submodel. . . 4-240 Exporting a Submodel. . . 4-241 Project Management . . . 4-241
Project Setup Wizard . . . 4-241 Project Summary . . . 4-242 Options . . . 4-242 Global Options . . . 4-242 WELCOME DIALOG BOX. . . 4-243 UNIT SYSTEM . . . 4-243 ENTER KEY BEHAVIOR. . . 4-243 WINDOW COLOR . . . 4-244 STICKY TOOLS. . . 4-244 AUTO PROMPTING . . . 4-244 Project Options . . . 4-244 FRICTION METHOD THEORY. . . 4-244
LIQUID. . . 4-245
INPUT MODES . . . 4-245
PIPE LENGTH ROUNDING . . . 4-246
Drawing Options . . . 4-246 DRAWING SCALE . . . 4-246 ANNOTATION MULTIPLIERS. . . 4-247 PIPE TEXT. . . 4-248 SYMBOL VISIBILITY. . . 4-248 MAP SCALE FACTOR . . . 4-249
Scenario Dataset Wizard . . . 4-249 STEP 1—SPECIFY SOURCE DATASETAND TARGET GEODATABASE . . . 4-249
Selection Set Options . . . .4-251 Select Attributes Dialog Box . . . .4-251
FlexUnits . . . .4-252
Field Options . . . .4-252 Units . . . .4-253 Display Precision. . . .4-253 NUMBEROF DIGITS DISPLAYED AFTER DECIMAL POINT . . . .4-253
ROUNDING . . . .4-253
Scientific Notation . . . .4-253 Minimum and Maximum Allowed Value. . . .4-254 FlexUnits Manager . . . .4-254
Chapter 5: Layout and Editing Tools
255
Graphical Editor . . . .5-255
Using the Graphical Editor . . . .5-255 Working with Network Elements Within the Graphical Editor . . . .5-256 Creating New Elements. . . .5-256 Changing the Pipe Layout Tool to Insert a Different Type of Node . . . .5-257 Morphing Elements . . . .5-258 Splitting Pipes . . . .5-258 Pipe Disconnect / Reconnect . . . .5-259 Selecting Elements . . . .5-259 SELECTING ELEMENTS (STAND-ALONE MODE) . . . .5-259
SELECTING ELEMENTS (AUTOCAD MODE) . . . .5-260
OTHER GRAPHICAL SELECTION FUNCTIONS . . . .5-260
Single Element Selection Dialog Box. . . 5-260 Calibration Group Selection Dialog Box. . . 5-261 Select From Drawing Button . . . 5-261 Editing Elements . . . .5-261 MOVING ELEMENTS. . . .5-262
DELETING ELEMENTS. . . .5-262
Other Tools . . . .5-262
Selection Sets . . . .5-263
Selection Sets Manager . . . .5-263 New Selection Set . . . .5-263 Selection Set Dialog Box. . . .5-264 Duplicate Selection Set . . . .5-264 Rename Selection Set. . . .5-264 Selection Set Notes. . . .5-264 Delete Selection Set . . . .5-264
Find Element . . . .5-265 Zooming . . . .5-265
Drawing Review Window . . . 5-267 Selection Tolerance . . . 5-269
Relabel Elements . . . 5-269
Relabel Elements Dialog Box . . . 5-270 Relabel Operations . . . 5-270 Elements Selected . . . 5-271
Element Labeling . . . 5-271
Element Labeling Dialog Box. . . 5-272 Moving Element Labels and Annotation . . . 5-273
Quick Edit . . . 5-273
Chapter 6: Hydraulic Element Editors
275
Element Editors . . . 6-276
Using Element Editors . . . 6-276 Pressure Pipe Editor . . . 6-277 Pressure Junction Editor . . . 6-277 Tank Editor. . . 6-278 Reservoir Editor . . . 6-279 Pump Editor . . . 6-279 Valve Editor . . . 6-281
Element Editors’ Tabs . . . 6-282
General Tab . . . 6-283 PRESSURE PIPE GENERAL TAB. . . 6-283
PIPE SECTION . . . 6-284
MINOR LOSS ELEMENTS. . . 6-284
INITIAL STATUS SECTION . . . 6-285
USER-DEFINED LENGTH SECTION. . . 6-285
NODES SECTION . . . 6-285
HYDRAULIC RESULTS SECTION. . . 6-286
WATER QUALITY SECTION . . . 6-286
Pressure Junctions General Tab . . . 6-286 GENERAL SECTION . . . 6-287
JUNCTION CALCULATED HYDRAULICS SECTION. . . 6-287
Tank General Tab. . . 6-287 GENERAL SECTION . . . 6-288
HYDRAULICS SECTION . . . 6-288
Reservoirs General Tab . . . 6-288 GENERAL SECTION . . . 6-289
RESERVOIR CALCULATED HYDRAULICS SECTION. . . 6-289
Pump General Tab. . . 6-289 Pump General Section. . . 6-290 PUMP DEFINITION SECTION . . . 6-290
INITIAL SETTING SECTION. . . 6-291
Pump Definition Editor. . . .6-293 Importing Pump Definitions . . . .6-295 Valve General Tab . . . .6-296 GENERAL SECTION . . . .6-297
VALVE CHARACTERISTICS SECTION . . . .6-297
INITIAL SETTING SECTION . . . .6-298
PIPES SECTION. . . .6-299
CALCULATED HYDRAULICS SECTION. . . .6-299
HEAD-DISCHARGE POINTS SECTION. . . .6-299
Load . . . .6-300 Importing Demands . . . .6-301 DEMAND IMPORT DIALOG BOX. . . .6-302
Section Tab . . . .6-302 TANK SECTION . . . .6-303
OPERATING RANGE SECTION. . . .6-303
CROSS SECTION. . . .6-304
Constant Area . . . 6-304 Variable Area . . . 6-304 Controls Tab . . . .6-305 SIMPLE CONTROL DIALOG BOX . . . .6-305
SIMPLE CONTROL PREVIEW. . . .6-306
SIMPLE CONTROL TYPE. . . .6-306
CONTROL CONDITION . . . .6-306
NODE CONDITION . . . .6-306
TIME CONDITION . . . .6-307
Examples . . . 6-307 Quality Tab . . . .6-307 WATER QUALITY SECTION. . . .6-309
CONSTITUENT SOURCE SECTION. . . .6-310
INVERT ELEVATIONS SECTION . . . 6-311
Fire Flow Tab. . . 6-311 FIRE FLOW INPUT SECTION . . . .6-312
FIRE FLOW CALCULATION RESULTS SECTION. . . .6-313
Capital Cost Tab . . . .6-313 INCLUDE IN COST CALCULATION? . . . .6-314
NON-CONSTRUCTION COSTS. . . .6-314
CONSTRUCTION COSTS. . . .6-315
CONSTRUCTION COSTS TABLE. . . .6-315
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION COST OPTIONS. . . .6-316
User Data Tab . . . .6-316 USER DATA SECTION . . . .6-317
USER MEMOS SECTION. . . .6-317
Messages Tab . . . .6-317 VSP (Variable Speed Pump) Tab . . . .6-317 Energy Tab . . . .6-319 PUMP EFFICIENCY SECTION. . . .6-320
EFFICIENCY SUMMARY SECTION. . . 6-322
Prototypes . . . 6-322 User Data Extensions . . . 6-322
User Data Extension Dialog Box . . . 6-323 USER FIELD SPECIFICATION DIALOG BOX. . . 6-324
Type Tab. . . 6-324 Type Section. . . 6-325 Format Section . . . 6-326 Notes Tab . . . 6-327 EXISTING FIELDSTO SHARE WITH DIALOG BOX . . . 6-327
Zones . . . 6-327
Zone Manager . . . 6-328 Zone Dialog Box . . . 6-328
Chapter 7: FlexTables
329
Table Manager . . . 7-330
Creating New Tables . . . 7-331 Editing Tables . . . 7-331 Duplicating Tables . . . 7-331 Deleting Tables . . . 7-332 Renaming Tables . . . 7-332 Resetting Tables . . . 7-332
Table Setup Dialog Box. . . 7-332
Table Type . . . 7-333 Available Table Columns . . . 7-333 Selected Table Columns . . . 7-333 Table Manipulation Buttons . . . 7-334 Allow Duplicate Columns . . . 7-335
Table Window. . . 7-335
Editing Tables . . . 7-336 EDITABLE TABLE COLUMNS. . . 7-336
TABLE NAVIGATION. . . 7-336
Table Navigation Mode. . . 7-336 Cell Navigation Mode (Edit Mode) . . . 7-336 GLOBALLY EDITING DATA. . . 7-337
Sorting and Filtering Tables . . . 7-337 SORTING TABLES. . . 7-338
CUSTOM SORT . . . 7-338
FILTERING TABLES. . . 7-339
INCLUDE INACTIVE TOPOLOGY . . . 7-340
Table Customization . . . 7-340 CHANGING COLUMN HEADINGS . . . 7-341
ABBREVIATED LABELS . . . 7-341
Table Output . . . .7-343 FILE (EXPORT TABLETO ASCII FILE) . . . .7-344
TABLE COPYTO CLIPBOARD . . . .7-344
TABLE PRINT. . . .7-344
TABLE PRINT PREVIEW . . . .7-344
Chapter 8: Scenarios/Alternatives
345
Alternatives . . . .8-345
Alternatives Manager . . . .8-347 MERGING CHILD ALTERNATIVES. . . .8-349
Alternatives Editor . . . .8-349 Physical Alternative . . . .8-350 PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR PIPES. . . .8-350
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR PUMPS. . . .8-351
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR VALVES. . . .8-351
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR GPVS. . . .8-352
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR JUNCTIONS. . . .8-352
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR RESERVOIRS. . . .8-352
PHYSICAL ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR TANKS . . . .8-353
Active Topology Alternative . . . .8-353 Demand Alternative. . . .8-354 Initial Settings Alternative . . . .8-355 INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR PIPES . . . .8-355
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR PUMPS . . . .8-355
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR TANKS. . . .8-356
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR PRESSURE VALVES . . . .8-356
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR FCVS . . . .8-356
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR TCVS . . . .8-356
INITIAL SETTINGS ALTERNATIVE EDITORFOR GPVS. . . .8-357
Operational Alternative . . . .8-357 Age Alternative . . . .8-358 Constituent Alternative . . . .8-358 Trace Alternative . . . .8-360 Fire Flow Alternative . . . .8-360 DEFAULT FLOWAND PRESSURE CONSTRAINTS. . . .8-361
SELECTION SET. . . .8-362
FIRE FLOW LOADS. . . .8-362
USE DEFAULTS. . . .8-362
Capital Cost Alternative. . . .8-363 User Data Alternative . . . .8-363 Energy Cost Alternative. . . .8-363
Scenarios . . . .8-364
Scenario Selection . . . .8-365 Editing Scenarios . . . .8-365
Scenario Wizard . . . 8-369 SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 1 . . . 8-369
SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 2 . . . 8-370
SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 3 . . . 8-370
SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 4 . . . 8-370
SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 5 . . . 8-370
SCENARIO WIZARD—STEP 6 . . . 8-371
Scenario Editor . . . 8-371 ALTERNATIVES TAB . . . 8-372
SCENARIO EDITOR—CALCULATION TAB . . . 8-372
NOTES TAB . . . 8-374
RESULTS TAB. . . 8-374
Chapter 9: Modeling Capabilities
377
Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation . . . 9-378
Steady-State Simulation. . . 9-378 Extended Period Simulation . . . 9-379
Optional Analysis . . . 9-380 Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments . . . 9-381 Check Data/Validate. . . 9-382 Calculate Network . . . 9-383 Flow Emitters . . . 9-384 Parallel VSPs . . . 9-384 Fire Flow Analysis . . . 9-385
Fire Flow Results . . . 9-386 Not Getting Fire Flow at a Junction Node . . . 9-387 MANUAL FIRE FLOW SCENARIOS . . . 9-387
MANUAL FIRE FLOW SCENARIOS DIALOG BOX . . . 9-388
FIRE FLOW DIALOG BOX . . . 9-389
Water Quality Analysis . . . 9-389
Age Analysis . . . 9-389 Constituent Analysis . . . 9-390 Trace Analysis . . . 9-391
Calculation Options. . . 9-391
Hydraulic Analysis Options . . . 9-392 Water Quality Analysis Options . . . 9-392
Patterns . . . 9-393
Pattern Manager . . . 9-394 Pattern Editor. . . 9-395 DEFINING PATTERNS . . . 9-395
TIME STEP POINTS. . . 9-396
Creating a New Logical Control. . . .9-399 Logical Controls Operation . . . .9-401 Logical Control Manager . . . .9-401 CONTROLS TAB. . . .9-402
CONDITIONS TAB. . . .9-403
ACTIONS TAB . . . .9-404
Logical Control Dialog Boxes . . . .9-405 Condition Dialog Boxes . . . .9-406 NEW LOGICAL CONDITION DIALOG BOX . . . .9-406
SIMPLE LOGICAL CONDITION DIALOG BOX . . . .9-407
Simple Condition . . . 9-407 Description . . . 9-410 Summary . . . 9-411 COMPOSITE LOGICAL CONDITION DIALOG BOX. . . 9-411
Action Dialog Boxes . . . .9-412 NEW LOGICAL ACTION DIALOG BOX. . . .9-413
SIMPLE LOGICAL ACTION DIALOG BOX. . . .9-413
COMPOSITE LOGICAL ACTION DIALOG BOX . . . .9-415
Finding Controls and Control Components . . . .9-416 FIND LOGICAL CONTROL DIALOG BOX . . . .9-416
FIND LOGICAL CONDITION DIALOG BOX . . . .9-417
FIND LOGICAL ACTION DIALOG BOX. . . .9-417
Logical Control Sets . . . .9-418 LOGICAL CONTROL SETS ALTERNATIVE . . . .9-418
LOGICAL CONTROLS SET EDITOR. . . .9-419
Active Topology . . . .9-419
Active Topology Selection Dialog Box . . . .9-420
Chapter 10: GA Optimization and Calibration
421
Darwin Calibrator . . . .10-421 New Calibration . . . .10-422 Optimized Calibration . . . .10-423 ROUGHNESS/DEMAND. . . .10-423 STATUS. . . .10-423 FIELD DATA. . . .10-423 OPTIONS. . . .10-424 NOTES . . . .10-424 Manual Calibration . . . .10-425 ROUGHNESS/DEMAND. . . .10-425 STATUS. . . .10-425 FIELD DATA. . . .10-425 NOTES . . . .10-425 Calibrations . . . .10-426 Calibration Solutions . . . .10-426
Field Data Sets . . . 10-429
Field Data Set Dialog Box . . . 10-430 OBSERVATIONS . . . 10-430
DEMAND ADJUSTMENTS. . . 10-431
NOTES . . . 10-432
Field Data Sets Dialog Box . . . 10-432 New Field Data Set . . . 10-433 Field Data Observation Dialog Box . . . 10-433 Entering Fire Flow Test Results . . . 10-434 Select Element. . . 10-435 Field Data Import . . . 10-435
Adjustment Groups . . . 10-437
New Adjustment Group Dialog Box . . . 10-437 Rename Adjustment Group Dialog Box. . . 10-437 Calibration Groups . . . 10-438 Calibration Adjustment Groups Dialog Box . . . 10-438 Selection Set Dialog Box . . . 10-439
Calibration Options . . . 10-440
GA Parameters Advanced Options . . . 10-442 Calibration Options Formulae . . . 10-444
Chapter 11: Cost Estimating
447
Capital Cost Manager . . . 11-448
Capital Cost Manager—Button Section . . . 11-449 Capital Cost Manager—Center Pane . . . 11-450 Capital Cost Manager—Left Pane . . . 11-450 System Cost Adjustments Table . . . 11-450 Active Cost Scenarios . . . 11-451
Energy Cost Manager . . . 11-451
Energy Cost Analysis. . . 11-452 Energy Cost Manager . . . 11-452 Energy Pricing Manager . . . 11-455 Energy Pricing Editor . . . 11-456
Capital Cost Alternatives Manager . . . 11-457 Unit Cost Functions. . . 11-457
Unit Cost Functions Manager . . . 11-458 New Unit Cost Functions Dialog Box. . . 11-458 Unit Cost Function Notes. . . 11-459 Tabular Unit Cost Function . . . 11-459 GENERAL SECTION . . . 11-459
ATTRIBUTE VALUE RANGE SECTION . . . 11-460
UNIT COST DATA TABLE. . . 11-460
Cost Reports . . . .11-461
Element Detailed Cost Report. . . 11-462 Project Detailed Cost Report. . . 11-463 Project Element Summary Cost Report . . . 11-463 Project Summary Cost Report. . . 11-463 Pipe Costs Report . . . 11-464 Cost Warnings Report . . . 11-464
Chapter 12: Using Darwin Designer
465
Overview: How to Use Darwin Designer . . . .12-465 Design Study . . . .12-466
Design Events Tab . . . .12-468 REPRESENTATIVE SCENARIOS . . . .12-470
ADDINGA DESIGN EVENT . . . .12-471
Design Groups Tab . . . .12-471 ADDINGA NEW GROUP. . . .12-472
EDITINGA GROUP. . . .12-472
DESIGNAND REHAB GROUPS OVERVIEW. . . .12-473
Rehab Groups Tab . . . .12-473 Option Groups Tab . . . .12-474 ADDINGAND EDITING DESIGN OPTION GROUPS. . . .12-475
Material Editor . . . 12-478 ADDINGAND EDITING REHABILITATION OPTION GROUPS. . . .12-478
Function Manager . . . 12-481 Function Editor. . . 12-483 NEW OPTION GROUP . . . .12-483
Design Type Tab . . . .12-483 Notes Tab . . . .12-484
Design Event Editor . . . .12-484
Demand Adjustments Tab . . . .12-485 Pressure Constraints Tab . . . .12-487 PRESSURE CONSTRAINTS TABLE . . . .12-488
Flow Constraints Tab. . . .12-489 FLOW CONSTRAINTS TABLE. . . .12-490
Boundary Conditions Tab . . . .12-490 LOAD BOUNDARY CONDITIONS DIALOG BOX. . . .12-491
Notes Tab . . . .12-492
Design Run . . . .12-492
Design Events Tab . . . .12-493 Local Design Groups Tab . . . .12-494 MANUAL DESIGN RUNS . . . .12-494
Local Rehab Groups Tab. . . .12-496 Local Options Tab . . . .12-497
Results Pane . . . 12-498
Design Groups Tab . . . 12-500 Rehab Groups Tab. . . 12-500 Pressure Constraints Tab . . . 12-501 Flow Constraints Tab . . . 12-501
Element Selector . . . 12-501 Report Viewer. . . 12-502 Graph Dialog Box . . . 12-503
About Pareto Optimal Plots . . . 12-504 Export Design to Scenario Dialog Box. . . 12-505
Schema Augmentation . . . 12-506 Set Field Options . . . 12-507 Verification Summary . . . 12-507
Chapter 13: Presenting your Results
509
Element Annotation. . . 13-509
Attribute Annotation Dialog Box. . . 13-510 The Annotation Wizard . . . 13-510 ANNOTATION WIZARD—SELECT ELEMENTS . . . 13-511
ANNOTATION WIZARD—SPECIFY ANNOTATION . . . 13-511
Initial Placement Dialog Box. . . 13-512 ANNOTATION WIZARD—SUMMARY . . . 13-512
Color Coding . . . 13-513
Color Coding Dialog Box . . . 13-513
Reports . . . 13-514
Predefined Reports . . . 13-515 Element Details Report . . . 13-515 Element Results Report . . . 13-516 Tabular Reports . . . 13-517 Scenario Summary Report . . . 13-517 Project Inventory Report . . . 13-517 Calculation Results Table . . . 13-517 Plan View Report . . . 13-518 Calculation/Problem Summary Report . . . 13-518 Contour Plan View . . . 13-519 Totalizing Flow Meters . . . 13-519 Tabular Report Window . . . 13-519 System Head Curve Dialog Box . . . 13-520
Graphs . . . 13-520
Pump Curve. . . 13-521 Tank Storage Curve . . . 13-521
GRAPH SETUP. . . .13-522
AVAILABLE SCENARIOS . . . .13-522
GRAPH WINDOW. . . .13-522
Advanced Graph Manager GeoGrapher . . . .13-523
GeoGrapher Graph Manager . . . .13-523 GeoGrapher Manager . . . .13-524 GeoGrapher Wizard . . . .13-524 GeoGrapher Display Window . . . .13-529 GeoGrapher Print Preview . . . .13-532 GeoGrapher Graph Setup . . . .13-532 GeoGrapher Options . . . .13-533 CHART TAB. . . .13-533
SERIES TAB. . . .13-544
Contours . . . .13-547
Contour Map Manager . . . .13-547 Contour Plot . . . .13-549 Contour Smoothing . . . .13-549 Enhanced Pressure Contours . . . .13-550 Contour Labeling . . . .13-550 Spot Elevations . . . .13-551 SPOT ELEVATION INPUT DATA . . . .13-551
SPOT ELEVATION CALCULATED RESULTS. . . .13-552
Profile . . . .13-552
Profile Setup . . . .13-552 Profile Plot . . . .13-553 Export Profiles (in AutoCAD Mode). . . .13-554 Walk . . . .13-554 Walk Selection. . . .13-554
Scenario Comparison . . . .13-555
Annotation Comparison Wizard. . . .13-555 Scenario Comparison Window . . . .13-556
Graphic Annotation. . . .13-557
Legend . . . .13-558 Scale Dialog Box . . . .13-558
Preview Windows . . . .13-558
Plot Window . . . .13-559 Print Preview Window . . . .13-559 Graph Options . . . .13-560 TITLES . . . .13-560
AXIS (FOR GRAPHS ONLY). . . .13-560
GRID (FOR GRAPHS ONLY) . . . .13-560
DISPLAY (FOR PIE CHARTS ONLY) . . . .13-561
Engineering Library Manager . . . 14-564 WaterCAD Engineering Library Modules . . . 14-564
Engineering Library Editor . . . 14-565 MATERIAL PROPERTIES . . . 14-565
Usage . . . 14-566 MINOR LOSS PROPERTIES . . . 14-566
LIQUID PROPERTIES. . . 14-567
CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES . . . 14-568
General Tab . . . 14-568 Reaction Rates Tab . . . 14-569
Chapter 15: Shapefile and Database Connections
571
Database Connections . . . 15-573
Database Connection Manager . . . 15-574 Standard Database Import/Export . . . 15-575 Database Connection Editor . . . 15-577 DATABASE CONNECTION TAB . . . 15-578
SYNCHRONIZATION OPTIONS TAB. . . 15-579
DATABASE TABLE LINK EDITOR. . . 15-579
SELECT FIELD LINKS . . . 15-581
ODBC . . . 15-581 ODBC DATABASE TYPE. . . 15-582
ODBC DATABASE FILE . . . 15-582
SYNCHRONIZING VIA ODBC. . . 15-583
ODBC DATABASE TABLESAND FIELDS. . . 15-583
Sharing Database Connections between Projects. . . 15-584 SHARING DATABASE CONNECTIONSBETWEEN PROJECTS . . . 15-584
PREVENTING DATABASE CONNECTIVITY SHARINGBETWEEN PROJECTS. . 15-584
Database Connection Example . . . 15-585
Shapefile Connections . . . 15-585
Shapefile Connection Manager . . . 15-586 SHAPEFILE CONNECTION WIZARD. . . 15-586
SHAPEFILE CONNECTION LABEL. . . 15-587
SYNCHRONIZE NOW? . . . 15-587
Shapefile Connection Editor . . . 15-587 SHAPEFILE CONNECTION . . . 15-588
Shapefile Link Wizard . . . 15-588 SHAPEFILE LINK SUMMARY. . . 15-589
Import Shapefile Wizard . . . 15-589 SELECT ELEMENT TYPES . . . 15-590
SHAPEFILE SYNCHRONIZATION OPTIONS. . . 15-590
When Missing Connectivity Data . . . 15-591 IMPORT SHAPEFILE LINK EDITOR . . . 15-591
CREATE SHAPEFILE CONNECTION. . . 15-592
Sharing Shapefile Connections between Projects . . . .15-595 SHARING SHAPEFILE CONNECTIONSBETWEEN PROJECTS. . . .15-596
PREVENTING SHAPEFILE CONNECTIVITY SHARINGBETWEEN PROJECTS . .15-596
Shapefile Format . . . .15-596 Shapefile Connection Example . . . .15-596
Chapter 16: Exchanging Data with CAD Software
599
AutoCAD Polyline-to-Pipe Conversion . . . .16-599
Converting Your Drawing in Multiple Passes . . . .16-600 Polyline to Pipe Wizard . . . .16-600 POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 1 (STAND-ALONE MODE ONLY) . . . .16-601
POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 2 . . . .16-602
POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 3 . . . .16-602
POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 4 (FOR .DXF FILESWITH BLOCKS) . . .16-603
POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 5 . . . .16-603
POLYLINETO PIPE WIZARD—STEP 6 . . . .16-604
POLYLINE CONVERSION PROBLEM DIALOG BOX. . . .16-604
DRAWING PREVIEW. . . .16-604
Importing and Exporting DXF Files . . . .16-604
Import a DXF File from AutoCAD or MicroStation . . . .16-605 Exporting a DXF file . . . .16-605 Redefining WaterCAD Blocks in AutoCAD . . . .16-605 Advanced DXF Import Techniques . . . .16-606
Chapter 17: Additional Features for AutoCAD
607
AutoCAD Environment . . . .17-608
AutoCAD Mode Graphical Layout . . . .17-608 Toolbars. . . .17-609 Drawing Setup. . . .17-609 Symbol Visibility . . . .17-609 Rebuild Figure Labels . . . .17-610
AutoCAD Project Files . . . .17-610
Drawing Synchronization. . . .17-610 Saving the Drawing as Drawing*.dwg . . . 17-611
WaterCAD Element Properties. . . .17-611
Element Properties . . . .17-612 Select Layer . . . .17-612 Select Text Style . . . .17-612
Working with Elements. . . .17-612
Edit Element . . . .17-613 Deleting Elements . . . .17-613 Modifying Elements . . . .17-613
CHANGE PIPE WIDTHS. . . 17-614
EDIT ELEMENTS. . . 17-614
Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands. . . 17-614
WaterCAD Custom AutoCAD Entities . . . 17-615 AutoCAD Commands . . . 17-615 Explode Elements . . . 17-616 Moving Elements . . . 17-616 Moving Element Labels . . . 17-616 Snap Menu . . . 17-617
Undo/Redo . . . 17-617 Converting Native AutoCAD Entities to WaterCAD Elements . . . 17-618
Layout Pipe Using Entity . . . 17-618 Change AutoCAD Entities to Pipes . . . 17-618
Special Considerations . . . 17-619
Import WaterCAD. . . 17-619 Working with Proxies . . . 17-619
Chapter 18: Automated Skeletonization
621
Skeletonization Example. . . 18-622 Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques . . . 18-623
Generic—Data Scrubbing . . . 18-624 Generic—Branch Trimming . . . 18-624 Generic—Series Pipe Removal . . . 18-625
Skeletonization Using Skelebrator. . . 18-626
Skelebrator—Smart Pipe Removal . . . 18-626 Skelebrator—Branch Collapsing . . . 18-627 Skelebrator—Series Pipe Merging . . . 18-628 Skelebrator—Parallel Pipe Merging. . . 18-630 Skelebrator—Other Skelebrator Features . . . 18-631 Skelebrator—Conclusion . . . 18-632
Using the Skelebrator Software . . . 18-633
Skeletonizer Manager . . . 18-634 SKELETONIZATION PREVIEW. . . 18-637
Manual Skeletonization . . . 18-639 BATCH RUN. . . 18-640
PROTECTED PIPESAND PROTECTED JUNCTIONS. . . 18-641
Smart Pipe Removal Operations . . . 18-642 Branch Collapsing Operations . . . 18-644 Series Pipe Merging Operations . . . 18-644 Parallel Pipe Merging Operations . . . 18-648 Add New Operation Dialog Box . . . 18-650 Rename Operation Dialog Box . . . 18-650 Skelebrator Progress Summary. . . 18-650
JUNCTION CONDITIONSAND TOLERANCES . . . .18-652
Important Skelebrator Information . . . .18-653
Backing Up Your Model. . . .18-653 Skeletonization and Scenarios . . . .18-653 Importing/Exporting Skelebrator Settings . . . .18-655 Skeletonization and Active Topology. . . .18-656
Chapter 19: WaterSafe
659
WaterSafe Manager . . . .19-659 Trace Analysis Project Editor . . . .19-660
Select Trace Nodes Dialog Box . . . .19-660
Constituent Analysis Project Editor . . . .19-661
Select Constituent Alternatives Dialog Box . . . .19-662
Age Analysis Project Editor . . . .19-662
Select Age Alternative Dialog Box. . . .19-663
Graphing . . . .19-664
Graph Setup . . . .19-664 TRACE ANALYSIS GRAPH SETUP . . . .19-664
CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS GRAPH SETUP. . . .19-664
AGE ANALYSIS GRAPH SETUP. . . .19-665
Graph Display . . . .19-665 BARAND PIE GRAPHS. . . .19-667
Graph Print Preview Dialog Box . . . .19-668
Statistics Report . . . .19-668
Color Coding Dialog Box . . . .19-670 Table Print Preview Dialog Box . . . .19-670 Statistical Report Attributes . . . .19-670 Graph Unit Selection Dialog Box. . . .19-672 Table Unit Selection Dialog Box . . . .19-672
Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions
673
Overview: “How Do I” . . . A-673 Import/Export Tips . . . A-674
Importing Data from Previous WaterCAD/Cybernet Versions . . . A-674 CYBERNETV1 DRAWING . . . A-674
CYBERNETV2 DRAWING . . . A-674
WATERCAD/CYBERNETV3 ANDV4 FILES . . . A-675
Transitioning from Cybernet v2 . . . A-675 WORKINGWITHTHE GRAPHICAL EDITOR . . . A-676
REPORT TABLES (FLEXTABLES) . . . A-676
COMPOSITE DEMANDS. . . A-679
CONTROL VALVES . . . A-679
PUMPSAND PUMP CURVES . . . A-680
IN SUMMARY . . . A-680
Importing EPANET Files . . . A-681 CONCENTRATION UNITS IMPORT. . . A-681
Importing KYPIPE Data . . . A-681 Importing Spot Elevations . . . A-682 Exporting Spot Elevations . . . A-682 Importing Database and Shapefile Data Created with WaterCAD v3 . . . A-682 Additional Considerations When Working with Large Model Files. . . A-683
Modeling Tips. . . A-683
Modeling a Hydropneumatic Tank . . . A-684 Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well . . . A-684 Modeling Parallel Pipes . . . A-685 Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series . . . A-686 PARALLEL VSPS . . . A-687
Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks . . . A-687 Modeling Fire Hydrants . . . A-688 Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main . . . A-688 Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank . . . A-690 Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters . . . A-691 Modeling Variable Speed Pumps . . . A-693 TYPESOF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS . . . A-693
PATTERN BASED . . . A-694
FIXED HEAD. . . A-694
CONTROLSWITH FIXED HEAD OPERATION . . . A-695
Creating Scenarios to Model “What If?” Situations . . . A-695 How Do I Access the Haestad Methods Knowledge Base? . . . A-696 Darwin Calibrator Troubleshooting Tips. . . A-696
Display Tips . . . A-699
How Do I Change Units in a Column? . . . A-699 How Do I Control Element and Label Sizing? . . . A-700 How Do I Color Code Elements? . . . A-700 How Do I Remove Color Coding from Pre-v3.5 AutoCAD Labels? . . . A-701 How Do I Reuse Deleted Element Labels? . . . A-701
Editing Tips . . . A-701
Mouse Tips . . . A-701 Laying out a Pipe as a Multi-segmented Polyline . . . A-702 Changing a Pipe into a Multi-segmented Polyline . . . A-703
Acknowledgements. . . B-713 Pressure Network Hydraulics . . . B-714
Network Hydraulics Theory . . . B-714 THE ENERGY PRINCIPLE . . . B-715
The Energy Equation. . . B-716 Hydraulic and Energy Grades . . . B-716 HYDRAULIC GRADE. . . B-717
ENERGY GRADE . . . B-717
Conservation of Mass and Energy . . . B-717 CONSERVATIONOF MASS . . . B-717
CONSERVATIONOF ENERGY . . . B-718
The Gradient Algorithm . . . B-719 Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm . . . B-719 The Linear System Equation Solver . . . B-722 Pump Theory. . . B-723 VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS. . . B-724
CONSTANT HORSEPOWER PUMPS . . . B-725
Valve Theory . . . B-726 CHECK VALVES (CVS) . . . B-726
FLOW CONTROL VALVES (FCVS) . . . B-726
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVS) . . . B-726
PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES (PSVS) . . . B-727
PRESSURE BREAKER VALVES (PBVS) . . . B-727
THROTTLE CONTROL VALVES (TCVS) . . . B-727
GENERAL PURPOSE VALVES (GPVS) . . . B-727
Friction and Minor Losses . . . B-727
Friction Loss Methods . . . B-727 CHEZY’S EQUATION. . . B-728
COLEBROOK-WHITE EQUATION . . . B-728
HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION . . . B-729
DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION . . . B-729
Swamee and Jain Equation . . . B-730 MANNING’S EQUATION. . . B-731
Minor Losses . . . B-732
Water Quality Theory . . . B-733
Advective Transport in Pipes. . . B-733 Mixing at Pipe Junctions . . . B-734 Mixing in Storage Facilities . . . B-734 Bulk Flow Reactions . . . B-735 SIMPLE 1ST-ORDER DECAY. . . B-736
FIRST-ORDER SATURATION GROWTH. . . B-736
TWO-COMPONENT, 2ND-ORDER DECAY. . . B-736
MICHAELIS-MENTON DECAY KINETICS . . . B-736
ZERO-ORDER GROWTH. . . B-737
Engineer’s Reference . . . B-743
Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation . . . B-743 Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) . . . B-744 Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation . . . B-745 Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes . . . B-746 Fitting Loss Coefficients. . . B-747
Genetic Algorithms Methodology . . . B-748
Darwin Calibrator Methodology . . . B-748 CALIBRATION FORMULATION. . . B-750
CALIBRATION OBJECTIVES . . . B-750
Objective Type One: Minimize the Sum of Difference Squares . . . B-750 Objective Type Two: Minimize the Sum of Absolute Differences . . . B-750 Objective Type Three: Minimize the Maximum Absolute Difference . . . B-751 CALIBRATION CONSTRAINTS. . . B-751
GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED CALIBRATION. . . B-752
Darwin Designer Methodology. . . B-753 MODEL LEVEL 1: LEAST COST OPTIMIZATION . . . B-753
MODEL LEVEL 2: MAXIMUM BENEFIT OPTIMIZATION. . . B-753
MODEL LEVEL 3: COST-BENEFIT TRADE-OFF OPTIMIZATION . . . B-753
Design Variables . . . B-754 Cost Objective Functions . . . B-755 New Pipe Cost . . . B-755 Rehabilitation Pipe Cost . . . B-755 Break Repairing Cost . . . B-756 BENEFIT FUNCTIONS . . . B-756
Pressure Benefits . . . B-756 Rehabilitation Benefit . . . B-757 Unitized Benefit Functions . . . B-758 MULTI OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED DESIGN. . . B-760
Competent Genetic Algorithms . . . B-762 References . . . B-763
Energy Cost Theory. . . B-765
Pump Powers, Efficiencies, and Energy . . . B-765 Water Power . . . B-765 Brake Power and Pump Efficiency. . . B-766 Motor Power and Motor Efficiency . . . B-766 Energy . . . B-767 Cost . . . B-768 ENERGY USAGE COST. . . B-768
PEAK USAGE COST . . . B-768
Storage Considerations . . . B-768 Daily Cost Equivalents . . . B-769
Variable Speed Pump Theory . . . B-769
VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls. . . B-771 Performing Advanced Analyses. . . B-772
Principles. . . B-773 Hazen-Williams Equation . . . B-774 SERIES PIPES. . . B-774 PARALLEL PIPES. . . B-775 Manning’s Equation. . . B-775 SERIES PIPES. . . B-775 PARALLEL PIPES. . . B-776 Darcy-Weisbach Equation. . . B-776 SERIES PIPES. . . B-777 PARALLEL PIPES. . . B-778 CHECK VALVES. . . B-778 MINOR LOSSES. . . B-778 NUMERICAL CHECK. . . B-778 Series. . . B-778 Parallel . . . B-779
Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory . . . B-780
Naïve Method . . . B-780 Plane Sweep Method . . . B-781
Appendix C: Scenario Management Guide
783
About this Guide . . . C-784 Before Haestad Methods—Distributed Scenarios . . . C-784 With Haestad Methods—Self-Contained Scenarios. . . C-785 The Scenario Cycle . . . C-786 Scenario Anatomy: Attributes and Alternatives . . . C-787 A Familiar Parallel . . . C-787 Scenario Behavior: Inheritance . . . C-788
Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance . . . C-790 Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance. . . C-791 A Water Distribution Example . . . C-792 Building the Model (Average Day Conditions) . . . C-792 Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions) . . . C-793 Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions) . . . C-793 Correcting an Error . . . C-794 Analyzing Improvement Suggestions . . . C-794 Finalizing the Project. . . C-795 Conclusion . . . C-796
Appendix D: Capital Cost Estimating
797
Capital Cost Estimating Basics . . . D-797
Element Cost Data versus Cost Manager . . . D-798 Navigating within the Cost Manager . . . D-798 LEVELOF DETAIL. . . D-799
CONSTRUCTIONVERSUS OVERALL PROJECT COST. . . D-799
INDIRECT COSTSBY ELEMENTORBY PROJECT. . . D-799
COST FUNCTIONSVERSUS FIXED UNIT COST . . . D-799
SCENARIOSVERSUS COST ALTERNATIVES . . . D-799
MULTIPLE SCENARIOS . . . D-800
Entering Data for Multiple Elements . . . D-800 PROTOTYPES. . . D-800
SETTINGTHE INCLUDEIN COST CALCULATION BOX. . . D-801
ENTERING COST ITEMSAND UNIT PRICES GLOBALLY . . . D-802
USING FILTERSTO EDIT ONLY SOME ELEMENTS. . . D-802
Unit Cost Functions. . . D-802
Form of Cost Functions . . . D-803 MULTIPLE COST FUNCTIONS. . . D-805
ASSIGNING COST FUNCTIONSTO ELEMENTS. . . D-806
ENTERING COST FUNCTION DATA. . . D-806
Formula Cost Functions. . . D-806 DEFINING COST FORMULAS . . . D-807
COEFFICIENTSIN COST FORMULAS. . . D-807
Tabular Cost Functions—Defining Cost Tables . . . D-808
Building Cost Scenarios . . . D-810
Associating Costs with Scenarios . . . D-810 Application . . . D-811 USING COST ALTERNATIVESTO SEGREGATE MULTIPLE PROJECTS . . . D-811
Individual Element Costs. . . D-813 Node and Pipe Cost Tables. . . D-813 Cost Scenario Tables . . . D-813
Assigning Costs to Model Elements . . . D-815
Construction versus Non-Construction Costs . . . D-815 Cost Considerations for Different Elements . . . D-816 Pipe Costs . . . D-816 COSTPER ITEMVERSUS COSTPER LENGTH. . . D-816
ITEMSWITH COSTPER LENGTH . . . D-817
UNIT COST FUNCTIONSFOR PIPES . . . D-817
Node Costs . . . D-818 TYPESOF NODESBY COST . . . D-818
COST ITEMSFOR NODES. . . D-819
Pump Station Costs. . . D-821 Non-Construction Costs . . . D-822 OMISSIONSAND CONTINGENCIES. . . D-823
LAND, EASEMENT, AND RIGHT-OF-WAY COSTS. . . D-823
SPECIFYING NON-CONSTRUCTION COSTS . . . D-824
Appendix E: Haestad Methods
829
Software . . . E-829 WaterGEMS . . . E-830 WaterCAD . . . E-830 SewerCAD. . . E-831 StormCAD . . . E-831 PondPack . . . E-831 FlowMaster . . . E-832 CulvertMaster . . . E-832 WaterSafe . . . E-832 PumpMaster . . . E-832
Haestad Press . . . E-833 Training and Certification. . . E-833
Accreditations . . . E-834
Internet Resources . . . E-834
Instant Account Management . . . E-834 CivilProjects.com. . . E-834 CivilQuiz.com . . . E-835 Haestad Engineering Forums . . . E-835
Appendix F: Glossary
837
Symbols . . . 851 A . . . 851 B . . . 852 C . . . 852 D . . . 854 E . . . 855 F. . . 856 G . . . 856 H . . . 857 I . . . 857 J . . . 858 K . . . 858 L. . . 858 M . . . 859 N . . . 860 O . . . 860 P . . . 860 Q . . . 862 R . . . 862 S . . . 863 T. . . 865 U . . . 866 V . . . 866 W . . . 866 X . . . 867 Y . . . 867 Z. . . 867
1
Orientation
Thank you for purchasing WaterCAD. At Haestad Methods, we pride ourselves in providing the very best engineering software available. Our goal is to make software that is easy to install and use, yet so powerful and intuitive that it anticipates your needs without getting in your way.
WaterCAD is a feature-rich program with extensive online documentation that is able to provide a level of instruction appropriate to your needs. When you first use WaterCAD, the intuitive interface and interactive dialog boxes will guide you. If you need more information, use the online help by either pressing the Help button present in each dialog box, pressing the F1 key, or right-clicking anywhere in a dialog box. Help text regarding the area of the program in which you are working will be displayed.
Before you run WaterCAD, you should be familiar with: • “What’s New?” on page 1-29
• “Installation, Upgrades, and Updates” on page 1-33 • “Learning WaterCAD” on page 1-42
1.1
Using the WaterCAD Documentation
Note: If you cannot find the information you need in the printed book, make sure you use the index or search the online book (.PDF) or online help (.CHM).
These online resources contain extra information that is useful when you are actually using the software and need context-sensitive assistance or help with the software interface.
We designed the WaterCAD documentation to provide you content in the best possible way. With this in mind, there is significantly more content available online than in-print. The online content was designed to provide what you need while you are using the software, and so the online content includes information about the WaterCAD interface. The online content can also be updated dynamically as we update the soft-ware, and delivered to you by download or as part of an updated software version. The printed content was designed to help you with lessons and to be usable away from the computer to review WaterCAD features and theory. The printed document is not as easily updateable as the online content.
The WaterCAD documentation comes in three distinct parts:
• Printed User’s Guide—The printed user’s guide contains tutorials and the theory
on which the WaterCAD is based. Use this document at your leisure to review the engineering standards we use and beside you at the computer to review the WaterCAD lessons (
• Online Book—The online user’s guide is a .PDF-format file that contains the
same material as the printed user’s guide plus it includes reference content about the WaterCAD interface, options, and dialog boxes. Updated versions of the online user’s guide will be made available for download and be included in updates to the software. This document is hypertext, you can search it, and you can print page ranges from your local or network printer. Use this document to view and print content about WaterCAD dialog boxes, windows, and other elements of the WaterCAD software.
• Context-Sensitive Online Help—WaterCAD includes context-sensitive HTML
Help. Like the online book, the online help is fully searchable, uses hypertext, and is updateable by download. Press F1 when using the WaterCAD software to use the online help and get information immediately about the software feature you are currently using.
For more information, see “Using the Online Book (PDF)” on page 2-77 and “Using the Online Help” on page 2-72.
1.2
What’s New?
Note: Support for AutoCAD R14 has been discontinued in WaterCAD. Windows 2000 and XP are the only supported operating
systems.
WaterCAD includes a variety of new and enhanced features, including:
• Skelebrator™—Lets you reduce complex raw GIS assets into accurate modeling
representations while automatically preserving pipe network integrity and hydraulic capacity. Skelebrator is available as an optional feature level. • Reflective Data Model—Extends the data coverage in real-time by adding
custom fields, attributes, and objects.
• WaterObjects™—Adds custom functionality and developing components and
full applications using standard programming languages and scripts. WaterObjects customization is available as an optional feature level.
• GeoGrapher™—Provides advanced visualization and graphic presentation.
• GIS-Style Background Layer Control—Lets you easily manage multiple
back-ground layers and annotation.
• Pump Definition Manager—Lets you manage custom pump definitions that can
be reused throughout your model and minimize the duplication of data. • GEMSLinks™—Shows how to program against WaterObjects. This object
model sample written in C# lets you link elements in your model to external meta-data, such as a pump to a picture of the pump.
• Custom Tools—You can populate the WaterCAD Tools menu with your own
custom-built tools using the new External Tools Manager.
• Parallel VSPs - You can now utilize Variable Speed Pumps (VSPs or Variable
Speed Drives - VSDs) in parallel, allowing you to more accurately model real-world networks.
• Pipe Split—You can now split an existing pipe by placing a node element at the
point of the split using intuitive drag-and-drop functionality.
• Pipe Disconnect/Reconnect—You can now disconnect existing pipes from the
connected end node, and reconnect it to another node without deleting and redrawing the nodes and/or pipes.
• Scalable Color Coding Legend—The color coding legend can now be resized
independently of the text height multiplier.
• AutoCAD 2004 Support—WaterCAD offers full integration with AutoCAD,
including the latest release, AutoCAD 2004. AutoCAD integration is an optional feature level.
1.2.1
Previously Added in WaterCAD v5.0
• Darwin Calibration—Darwin Calibrator harnesses the power of genetic
algo-rithms to automatically calibrate pipe roughness, demands, and pipe status. An unlimited number of calibration scenarios can be automatically generated and ranked by their proximity to your observed data, and the adjustments suggested by the calibrator can be automatically applied to your model. Manual calibration can also be performed from within the Darwin Calibrator on selected groups of elements or for all pipes and junctions in the model. The Darwin Calibrator is available as an optional feature level.
• Active Topology Alternative—By using the Active Topology Alternatives
feature, you can temporarily remove any of the network elements from the drawing view. While these elements are Inactive, they are not included in any calculations. This capability allows you to maintain multiple network configura-tion scenarios within a single project file, eliminating the need to switch between multiple files.
• Variable Speed Pumps—You can make any pump a variable speed pump. You
can control variable speed pumps using a pump speed pattern or choose to have the pump adjust its speed to meet a specific head at a target node.
• Energy Cost Analysis—WaterCAD can estimate the energy costs associated with
running the pumps in a network. This feature goes beyond calculating the amount of electricity used in that it also accounts for the energy losses and gains associ-ated with tank level changes over time.
• Logical Rule-Based Controls—Logical Rule Based Controls provide greater
flexibility and functionality than simple controls, giving you enhanced ability to dictate the behavior of your system.
• System Head Curve Generation—WaterCAD can automatically generate
system head curves, which can be used to find the appropriate pump size for the system or to find the operating point for an existing pump.
• General Purpose Valve—GPVs can be used to represent reduced pressure
back-flow prevention valves, well draw-down behavior, turbines, or any other device or situation with a unique headloss-to-flow relationship.
• Demand and Pattern Import—You can import demands and patterns from
ASCII text files.
• Time Variable Reservoir—HGL patterns can now be applied to reservoirs,
providing the ability to simulate tidal activity and situations where the reservoir represents a tie-in to another system whose pressure varies with time.
• Manual Fire Flow Scenarios—With only a small amount of input data, you can
have the program automatically create fire flow scenarios for each individual node in which a user-defined fire flow demand is applied. You can then perform a batch run on these scenarios to compare them, or run a steady-state or extended-period simulation (EPS) on each individual scenario.
• Flow Emitters—Use Flow Emitters to model fire sprinklers, irrigation systems,
leakage, or any other situation in which the node demand varies in proportion to the pressure at the emitter node.
• Totalizing Flow Meters—By using Totalizing Flow Meters, you can determine
the total and net amount of flow passing through any network element.
• Submodel Import and Export—Export a model, or portions thereof, for import
into other projects.
• Animation Support—Animate the plan and profile views separately or at the
same time to serve as an ideal tool for presentations and output analysis.
• Quick Attribute Selector—The Quick Attribute Selector organizes the available
attributes into groups of related attribute types, allowing you to easily find the desired attribute.
• Mouse Wheel Pan and Zoom—You can pan and zoom inside the drawing pane
using the mouse wheel.
• Time Of Day Support—WaterCAD has Time-of Day support, using a standard
24-hour clock (AM and PM).
• Enhanced Filtering Capability—In addition to the filtering options available in
previous versions, WaterCAD lets you filter using the operators Begins With and
Contains.
• Improved Element Calculation Messages—A printable list of all elements with
messages and warnings can now be accessed from the Calculation Results tab. • Improved Element Graphs—Element graphs can now display multiple elements
simultaneously.
• AutoCAD Double-Click Support—Double-clicking an element opens the
Element Editor dialog box for that element, eliminating the need to select the Edit menu command.
• AutoCAD Multi-line Tooltips—Hovering the mouse cursor over an element will
open a multi-line tooltip, which displays any current Annotation applied to that element.
• AutoCAD Contour Labeling—Contour labeling can now be achieved using
WaterCAD commands. Labels can be applied to the ends or the interior of the contour lines.
• Windows XP Support—WaterCAD is now compatible with Windows XP.
1.2.2
Previously Added in WaterCAD v4.5
• Editable Quick View—The Quick View Window has always been the fastest
1.2.3
Previously Added in WaterCAD v4.0
• Network Licensing—Purchase a multi-seat license. With the purchase of the
AutoCAD version of WaterCAD, your engineers and technicians can individually use WaterCAD in either Stand-Alone mode or AutoCAD mode and share project files.
• Custom Fields—Utilize user-defined custom fields for storing information,
which you can use to perform many standard operations including filtering, sorting, and color-coding.
• User-Defined Groups—Organize your input, profiling, and reporting steps with
persistent user-defined groups of pipes and nodes by type or any other basis. • Polyline-to-Pipe Conversion—Batch convert existing AutoCAD lines, polylines,
and blocks to water distribution elements via automated polyline-to-pipe options. Allows you to customize polyline-to-pipe parameters.
• Drawing Review—Quickly navigate your model using the drawing review tool in
order to identify and resolve design problems in the network.
• Element Relabeling—Automatically renumber, replace, or append a prefix/suffix
to selected element labels.
• Aerial View—Access this separate window to facilitate zooming, panning, and
locating a small viewing area in the main window.
• Aligning Pipe Labels—Automatically align pipe labels and annotations with the
associated pipe.
• Cost Estimating—Perform detailed cost estimates using an integrated cost
anal-ysis modeling subsystem. Calculate a planning-level estimate of the capital cost associated with an entire system or any portion of a system. This makes it easy to compare the costs associated with the various scenarios, thus helping to ensure that the most cost-effective design is chosen.
• Contouring by Selection Set—Generate contours based on any model parameter
for a subset of the model.
• Fire Flow Capacity—Analyze fire-flow capacity of predefined subsets of the
network. Color-code and contour the system or a selection set according to avail-able fire flow.
• Labels—Automatically label pressure, flow quantity, and any other selected
input/output parameter. Dynamically updates annotations (labels) with each calcu-lation, alternative scenario, or change in time step.
• International Settings—Select a local date and time format.
• External Data Sources—Externalize and leverage existing enterprise data using
standard database connections. Freely exchange data for all network elements with GIS software using exclusive dynamic shapefile connections. Extract, trans-form, and load enterprise information to and from the model using built-in auto-mated data tools. Avoid data preprocessing or intermediate file generation. Preserve the consistency of external data using built-in automated data model filters that dynamically validate and enforce model integrity.
1.3
Installation, Upgrades, and Updates
This section lets you know:
• “Minimum System Requirements” on page 1-33 • “Installing Haestad Methods’ Products” on page 1-35 • “Uninstalling Haestad Methods’ Products” on page 1-35 • “Troubleshooting Setup or Uninstallation” on page 1-35 • “Software Registration” on page 1-36
• “Upgrades” on page 1-37 • “Globe Button” on page 1-37 • “Network Licensing” on page 1-37
• “Registering Network Programs” on page 1-38
1.3.1
Minimum System Requirements
Note: Support for AutoCAD R14 has been discontinued in WaterCAD. Windows 2000 and XP are the only supported operating
systems.
We recommend the following minimum and recommended system requirements for running WaterCAD without significant delays.
The RAM requirement for AutoCAD Mode is due to AutoCAD and operating system demands, not WaterCAD itself.
• “WaterCAD Stand-Alone” on page 1-34 • “AutoCAD Mode” on page 1-34
WaterCAD Stand-Alone
AutoCAD Mode
Recommended
While Haestad Methods’ software will perform adequately given the minimum system requirements, performance will only improve with a faster system. Our prod-ucts are designed to perform at optimal levels with a fast CPU and ample amounts of RAM and free disk space. We highly recommend running our software on the best system possible to maximize its potential, especially for larger models containing thousands of pipes. We understand that an engineer’s time is a valuable commodity, and we have designed our software to help make the most of that time.
Processor: Pentium III - 1 GHz
RAM: 128 Megabytes
Hard Disk: 150 Megabytes of free storage space, with additional room for data files Operating
System: Windows 2000 or Windows XP Display: 800 x 600 resolution, 256 colors
Processor: Pentium III - 1 GHz
RAM: 256 Megabytes
Hard Disk: 150 Megabytes of free storage space, with additional room for data files Display: 800 x 600 resolution, 256 colors
1.3.2
Installing Haestad Methods’ Products
Note: If you own a network license version of the software, see
“Network Licensing” on page 1-37. If you still have questions,
consult the KnowledgeBase on our Web site, http://
www.haestad.com or contact Haestad Methods technical support.
For Windows 2000 and Windows XP, follow these steps to install a single-user license copy of WaterCAD:
1. If you have not done so, turn on your computer.
2. Place the diskette labeled Disk 1 in the floppy-disk drive (commonly the a: or b: drive).
3. Place the CD in your CD-ROM drive (commonly the d: or e: drive).
4. If the Autorun feature of the operating system is enabled, setup will begin auto-matically. Proceed to step six.
5. If Autorun is disabled, click the Start button on the task bar, select Run, and type
d:\setup (use the actual drive letter of the CD-ROM drive if it is not the d: drive),
and then click OK.
6. Follow the instructions of the Setup Wizard.
1.3.3
Uninstalling Haestad Methods’ Products
Haestad Methods’ products come with an uninstall option. After a single-user license copy of a Haestad Methods’ product is installed on a computer, it must be uninstalled before a new installation can occur.
To uninstall the program, put the original floppy disk labeled Disk 1 that came with the product into the floppy-disk drive. On the Windows Start Bar, click
Start\Program Files\Haestad Methods\WaterCAD\Uninstall WaterCAD.
1.3.4
Troubleshooting Setup or Uninstallation
Because of the multi-tasking capabilities of Windows, you may have applications running in the background that make it difficult for the setup routines to determine the configuration of your current system. If you have difficulties during the installation (setup) or uninstallation process, please try these steps before contacting our technical support staff:
• Verify that there are no other programs running. You can see applications
currently in use by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del. Exit any applications that are running and restart your machine.
• Run setup or uninstall again without running any other program first.
If these steps fail to successfully install or uninstall the product, contact our support staff.
1.3.5
Software Registration
Note: If you own a network license version of the software, see
“Network Licensing” on page 1-37. If you still have questions,
consult the KnowledgeBase on our Web site, http://
www.haestad.com or contact Haestad Methods technical support.
During the installation of the program, a dialog box will prompt you to register the software. Please note the label with your registration information is on the inside of the back cover of the manual.
Although this software is not copy protected, registration is required to unlock the software capabilities for the hydraulic features that you have licensed. All registration information must be entered into the Registration dialog box exactly as it appears on the label. • Company • City • State/Country • Product ID • Registration Number
After you have registered the software, you can check your current registration status by opening the registration dialog box in the software itself.
To open the Registration dialog box: • Select Help > About.
• Click the Registration button in the About dialog box.
The current registration status (number of licenses, expiration date, feature level, etc.) will be displayed.
• You can use the Copy button to place the registration information in the Windows Clipboard so that you can paste it into another Windows application.
• You can also use the Print button to print the information shown in the Registra-tion Form dialog box.
1.3.6
Upgrades
When you click the Registration button on the Help > About WaterCAD dialog box, the current registration status (number of licenses, expiration date, feature level, etc.) is displayed. To upgrade to more pipes or inlets, higher feature levels, or additional licenses, contact our sales team today and request information about our ClientCare® Program. We will provide the information you need to get up and running in no time!
1.3.7
Globe Button
Note: Use the Globe button to keep your investment current. Haestad Methods makes it easy to stay up-to-date with the latest advances in our software. Software maintenance releases can be downloaded from the Haestad Methods’ Web site quickly and easily if you are a subscriber to our ClientCare Program. Just click the Globe icon on the tool palette to launch your preferred Web browser and open the Haestad Methods’ ClientCare Web site. The Web site will automatically check to see if your installed version is the latest available. If it is not, you will have the opportunity to download the correct upgrade to bring your software up-to-date.
The ClientCare Program also gives you access to our extensive KnowledgeBase™ for answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Contact the Haestad Methods sales team for more information about our ClientCare Program.
1.3.8
Network Licensing
Network versions of this product are available. If you purchased a network version, your program will run at any workstation located on your network if a floating license key is available for use. Floating licenses allow one or more concurrent users of a particular application to access and use the full capabilities of the software if the number of concurrent licenses does not exceed the number allowed under the terms of the license sale. Once the number of concurrent users exceeds the licensed number, new application sessions will run in a limited demo mode.
Network licensing is implemented using Rainbow Industries SentinelLM™ license manager. Administrators should refer to the SentinelLM™ System Administrators
1.3.9
Registering Network Programs
During the installation of the network deployment folder, a dialog box will appear asking you to register the software. The label with your registration information is on the inside back cover of the manual. This registration data is required to enable the software capabilities for the hydraulic network size and features that you have licensed. All registration information must be entered into the Registration dialog box exactly as it appears on the label.
• Company
• City
• State/Country • Product ID
• Registration Number
After you have registered the software, you can view the current registration and floating license usage status at any of the workstations that has the product software installed on it.
To open the Registration dialog box: • Select Help > About.
• Click the Registration button.
The current registration status (number of floating licenses, expiration date, feature level, etc.) will be displayed. If all available floating licenses are in current use, the software will run in demo mode.
Network administrators may activate network licenses and upgrade the features served by their floating licenses by invoking the Request License option, which is activated using the Registration button on this dialog box.
• You can use the Copy button to export the registration information to the Windows Clipboard so that you can paste it into other Windows applications. • You can use the Print button to print the information shown.
Requesting a Permanent Network License
System administrators who are responsible for managing network license versions of Haestad Methods’ software must activate their organization’s floating licenses by obtaining a permanent license file from Haestad Methods. This may be done using the
Request License button on the Registration dialog box. This button will only be
avail-able for users who have purchased the network-licensing feature.
Note: Haestad Methods uses SentinelLM License Manager software from Rainbow Technologies to manage network licensing for this application. For more information concerning the
administration of the Haestad Methods floating network licensing, please see the Sentinel online documentation that installed with your network license server software.
To acquire a network license file, the administrator must first generate the network locking codes for the computer that will be acting as the network license server. To get your license server locking code, use the SentinelLM echoid utility. This is installed with the license server software on the computer acting as the network license host for this application.
Note: The echoid utility must be run from the same computer that will act as the license server host for this particular Haestad
Methods application.
Write down the values for the locking codes that are posted in the echoid utility’s message box. Be certain to record these values accurately, as they will be used by Haestad Methods to generate a custom license file keyed to the specific license server’s hardware signature. Once issued, a license key-code may not be installed on another machine. You will not be able to transport the license server to another network machine without obtaining new lock codes.
With echoid values in hand, start the Haestad Methods product application on any workstation located on the network served by the license manager. You can even install and run the Haestad Methods application from the same computer that will be acting as the license server host computer.
Select Help > About to open the Registration dialog box. Open the Request License Key dialog box using the Request License button. Fill out the form, then either e-mail or fax the completed form to Haestad Methods using the Submit Request button.
