THEORY
THEORY
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS 1 1a) Circle the right
a) Circle the right pronoun. Tick if you think both are pronoun. Tick if you think both are poible.poible. 0
0. . TThheey y hhuurrtt one one anothanother/ther/themselemselvesves quitquite e babadldly y whwhen en ththey ey fefell ll o o ththeieirr
motorbike. motorbike. 1.
1. One/YouOne/You can often tell w can often tell where people are from by the way they dress.here people are from by the way they dress.
2. Can you put my case on the rack above
2. Can you put my case on the rack above yourself/you yourself/you??
. !ar"a and her sister look incredibly like
. !ar"a and her sister look incredibly like each other/one another each other/one another . #re they. #re they
twins? twins?
$. #nna is very unsel%sh & she never
$. #nna is very unsel%sh & she never putsputs her/herself her/herself %rst. %rst.
'. (ither )u*ie or !ark has left
'. (ither )u*ie or !ark has left her/their her/their ba" behind+ because there,s only one ba" behind+ because there,s only one
in the back of the car. in the back of the car.
-. hen a person "oes to live abroad+ it may take
-. hen a person "oes to live abroad+ it may take them/himthem/him a while to pick up a while to pick up
the lan"ua"e. the lan"ua"e. /.
/. They/OneThey/One say that eatin" tomatoes can help protect the body a"ainst certain say that eatin" tomatoes can help protect the body a"ainst certain diseases.
diseases.
b) Co!plete the entence "ith a pronoun "here neceary. b) Co!plete the entence "ith a pronoun "here neceary. 0.
0. n n most most circcircumstaumstancesncesshshould ould addraddress ess peoppeople le by by theirtheir title and surname.
title and surname.
2 2
1
1. . f f aannyyoonne e hhaas s nonot t yyeet t ppaaiiddccoouurrsse e ffeeeess++
should "should "o to re"istration immediatelyo to re"istration immediately.. 2
2. . ssaabbeel l iis s vveerry y qquuiicckktteemmppeerreedd. . ))hhe e %%nndds s iit t vveerry y hhaarrd d ttoo control
control
. wouldn,t stay in that hotel. say the rooms are tiny and . wouldn,t stay in that hotel. say the rooms are tiny and the service is awful.
the service is awful. $
$. . TThheerre e iis s a a ttoottaal l llaacck k oof f ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn. . TThheey y ddoonn,,tt understand
understandat at all.all. '
'. . !!iilla a ""eetts s ddiissttrraacctteed d ttooo o eeaassiillyy. . ))hhe e ddooeessnn,,tt concentrate
concentratevery very well.well. -. #re you "oin" to have
-. #re you "oin" to have the 3at repainted or will the 3at repainted or will you do ityou do it?? /
/. . TThheerre e aarre e llooaadds s oof f bbooookksshheellvvees s iin n tthhe e 33aatt+ + wwhhiicch h iis s ""rreeaatt as
ascan never have can never have to many?to many?
c) Co!plete the entence "ith
c) Co!plete the entence "ith it it or or therethere..
0. was a very interestin" article about modern lifestyle in 0. was a very interestin" article about modern lifestyle in
The Times
The Times yesterday. yesterday.
1. 4owadays,s ille"al to te5t from your mobile while you,re 1. 4owadays,s ille"al to te5t from your mobile while you,re drivin".
drivin". have been a lot of accidents caused have been a lot of accidents caused by this.by this. 2
2. . 66ooookk. . ,,s s a a ssppeelllliinn" " mmiissttaakke e iin n tthhiis s wwoorrdd..
should bshould bee j j+ not+ not g.g.
. 7ow
. 7ow many miles ismany miles isto !anchester from here?to !anchester from here?
$. ,s scorchin" today. must be at least $. ,s scorchin" today. must be at least ' de"rees.
' de"rees.
'.
'. ,s no need ,s no need to hurryto hurry. The train . The train doesn,t leave for doesn,t leave for a"es.a"es.
--. . ,,s s nnoot t wwoorrtth h bbuuyyiinn" " tthhe e ppaappeer r ttooddaayy..
,s absolutely no,s absolutely nothin" interestin" in it.thin" interestin" in it.
#RE$UENCY %&'ER(S #RE$UENCY %&'ER(S #reuency
#reuency %%*#reuency#reuency*++eerrb b oof f E,a!ple SentenceE,a!ple Sentence 1
1000088 aallwwaayyss al"ayal"ay "o to bed "o to bed before 11pm.before 11pm. 9
90088 uussuuaallllyy uuallyuually have cereal for breakfast. have cereal for breakfast. :
:0088 nnoorrmmaalllly y ; ; ""eenneerraallllyy nor!allynor!ally "o to the "ym. "o to the "ym. /
/0088 oofftteen n ; ; ffrreeqquueennttllyy oftenoften surf the internet. surf the internet. '
'0088 ssoommeettiimmeess o!eti!eo!eti!e for"et my wife<s birthday. for"et my wife<s birthday.
0088 ooccccaassiioonnaallllyy occaionallyoccaionally eat =unk food. eat =unk food. 1
10088 sseellddoomm el*o!el*o! read the newspaper. read the newspaper. '
'88 hhaarrddlly y eevveer r ; ; rraarreellyy har*ly e+erhar*ly e+er drink alcohol. drink alcohol. 0
088 nneevveerr ne+erne+er swim in the sea. swim in the sea. The >osition o
The >osition of the #dverb in a )entencef the #dverb in a )entence #n adverb of frequency "oes
#n adverb of frequency "oes beforebefore a a main verbmain verb e5cept with T@ A(B. e5cept with T@ A(B.
Sub-ect a*+erb
Sub-ect a*+erb main verbmain verb
al"ayal"ay remember remember to do my homework. to do my homework.
7e
7e nor!allynor!ally getsgets "ood marks in e5ams. "ood marks in e5ams.
#n adverb of frequency "oes
#n adverb of frequency "oes afterafter the verb the verb T@ T@ A( A(..
Sub-ect
Sub-ect to beto be a*+erb a*+erb
They
They areare ne+erne+er pleased to see me. pleased to see me.
)he
)he isn't isn't uuallyuually bad tempered. bad tempered.
h
hen we usen we use e aann au5iliary verbau5iliary verb have+ will+ must+ mi"ht+ could+ would+ can+ have+ will+ must+ mi"ht+ could+ would+ can+ etc.B+ the adverb is placed
etc.B+ the adverb is placed bet"eenbet"een the au5iliary and the main verb. This is the au5iliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.
also true for to be. Sub-ect
Sub-ect auxiliary auxiliary a*+erb a*+erb main verbmain verb
)he
)he cancan o!eti!eo!eti!e beat beat me in a race. me in a race.
wouldwould har*ly e+erhar*ly e+er bebe unkind to someone. unkind to someone.
They
They might might ne+erne+er seesee each other a"ain. each other a"ain.
$ $
They
They couldcould occaionallyoccaionally bebe heard lau"hin". heard lau"hin".
e can also e can also use the followin" adverbsuse the followin" adverbs at the tartat the tart of a sentence of a sentence Uually/ nor!ally/ often/ freuently/ o!eti!e/ occaionally Uually/ nor!ally/ often/ freuently/ o!eti!e/ occaionally
•
• @ccasionally+ like to eat Thai food.@ccasionally+ like to eat Thai food.
ADT we
ADT we cannotcannot use the followin" at the be"innin" of a sentence use the followin" at the be"innin" of a sentence %l"ay/ el*o!/ rarely/ har*ly/ e+er/ ne+er.
%l"ay/ el*o!/ rarely/ har*ly/ e+er/ ne+er.
e use
e use har*ly e+erhar*ly e+er and and ne+erne+er with positive+ with positive+ notnot ne"ative verbs ne"ative verbs
•
• )he)he har*ly e+erhar*ly e+er comes to my parties. comes to my parties. •
• They They ne+erne+er say <thank you<.say <thank you<.
e use
e use e+ere+er in questions and ne"ative statements in questions and ne"ative statements
•
• 7ave you7ave you e+ere+er been to 4ew Eealand? been to 4ew Eealand? •
• haven<t haven<t e+ere+er been to )wit*erland. The same as < have never been been to )wit*erland. The same as < have never been
)wit*erland<B. )wit*erland<B.
e can also use the followin" e5pressions when we want to be
e can also use the followin" e5pressions when we want to be !ore peci0c!ore peci0c about the frequency
about the frequency
1 e+ery *ay 1 once a !onth 1 t"ice a year 1 four ti!e a *ay 1 e+ery 1 e+ery *ay 1 once a !onth 1 t"ice a year 1 four ti!e a *ay 1 e+ery other "eek 1
other "eek 1
' '
'ER(%2 TENSES PRESENT S34P2E
5)
)ub=ect F verb in present F complements. e.". Gou play football.e.". 7e plays football. 4@T#)
Hecuerda que la tercera persona del sin"ular aIade JsK al %nal del verbo.
51)
)ub=ect F don,t;doesn,t F verb in present F complements. e.". Gou don,t play football.e.". 7e doesn,t play football. 4@T#)
Hecuerda que al poner Jdoesn,tK ya estLs diciendo que es tercera persona del sin"ular y por tanto+ no tienes que poner JsK al %nal del verbo.
e.". 7e doesn,t plays football. M 7e doesn,t play football.
Hecuerda que si hablas de ser;estar verbo T@ A(B+ 4D4C# debes escribir el au5iliar N@;N@();N@4,T;N@()4,T. 4ie"as con el propio verbo.
e.". don,t am u"ly. M am 4@T u"ly.
567)
No;Noes;Non,t;Noesn,t F sub=ect Fverb in present F complements.e.". No you play football? ; Non,t you play football? e.". Noes he play football? ; Noesn,t he play football? 4@T#)
Hecuerda que si quieres hacer una pre"unta con el verbo T@ A( como verbo >H4C>#6 de la frase+ la construcciOn serPa asP
Qerb T@ A( F sub=ect F complements como puedes ver+ no hay otro verbo despuRs del su=eto+ ya que el verbo T@ A( es el Snico verbo de la fraseB.
e.". #re you u"ly? ; #ren,t you u"ly?
e.". s he handsome? ; sn,t he handsome? e.". #m pretty? ; #m not pretty?
-P%ST S34P2E
5)
)ub=ect F verb in past F complements. e.". Gou played football.e.". 7e played football.
51)
)ub=ect F didn,t F verb in present F complements. e.". Gou didn,t play football.e.". 7e didn,t play football.
567)
Nid;Nidn,t F sub=ect Fverb in present F complements. e.". Nid you play football? ; Nidn,t you play football?e.". Nid he play football? ; Nidn,t he play football? 4@T#)
(l au5iliar NN;NN4,T ya marca que es pasado+ por lo que el verbo que se escribe a continuaciOn debe ser in%nitivo )4 T@ presenteB.
PRESENT CONT3NUOUS
5)
)ub=ect F verb T@ A( con=u"ated F 2nd verb endin" in Jin"K Fcomplements.
e.". am playin" football. e.". 7e is playin" football.
51)
)ub=ect F verb T@ A( con=u"ated 4(#TQ( F 2nd verb endin" in Jin"K Fcomplements.
e.". am not playin" football. e.". 7e isn,t playin" football
567)
Qerb T@ A( con=u"ated #UUH!#TQ(;4(#TQ(B F sub=ect F 2nd verbendin" in Jin"K F complements.
e.". #m playin" football? ; #m not playin" football? e.". s he playin" football? ; sn,t he playin" football?
P%ST CONT3NUOUS
5)
)ub=ect F verb T@ A( con=u"ated in >#)T F 2nd verb endin" in Jin"K Fcomplements.
e.". was playin" football. e.". Gou were playin" football.
51)
)ub=ect F verb T@ A( con=u"ated in >#)T 4(#TQ( F 2nd verb endin" in Jin"K F complements.
e.". was not playin" football. e.". Gou weren,t playin" football.
567)
Qerb T@ A( con=u"ated in >#)T #UUH!#TQ(;4(#TQ(B F sub=ect F 2nd verb endin" in Jin"K F complements.e.". as playin" football? ; as not playin" football?
e.". ere you playin" football? ; eren,t you playin" football?
4@T#) &3#ERENC3%S (4TH( E2 PRESENTE S34P2E G E2 PRESENTE CONT3NUO.
(l presente simple se usa
MCuando queremos decir al"o que hacemos habitualmente. M>ara e5presar verdades "enerales o hechos.
M>ara planes futuros+ especialmente para referirnos a horarios o pro"ramas. (n la oraciOn debemos poner al"una e5presiOn temporal indicando tiempo futuro.
M>ara contar chistes+ historias+ cuentos+ acontecimientos deportivos... MTambiRn podemos utili*ar el presente simple para indicar una acciOn indeterminada en el tiempo.
(l presente continuo se usa
M>ara acciones incompletas que estLn ocurriendo en el momento de hablar. (n estos casos suele ir acompaIado por e5presiones con now ahoraB+ at the moment en estos momentosB+ right now ahora mismoB.
M>ara acciones incompletas que estLn ocurriendo+ aunque no necesariamente en el momento de hablar.
M>ara preparativos o planes en un futuro prO5imo. (n este caso suele ir acompaIado por e5presiones de tiempo futuro.
M>ara acciones que se repiten re"ularmente y que suelen llevar un sentido de que=a+ de monotonPa.
MCuando se modi%ca la rutina o se rompe un hLbito.
PRESENT PER#ECT
5)
)u=eto F 7#Q(;7#) F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos.e.". have swum in the pool. e.". );he has swum in the pool.
51)
)u=eto F 7#Q(4,T;7#)4,T F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos.e.". haven,t swum in the pool. e.". );he hasn,t swum in the pool.
567)
7#Q(;7#Q(4,T;7#);7#)4,T F su=eto F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos.e.". 7ave swum in the pool? e.". 7as s;he swum in the pool?
4@T# 7#);7#)4,T se coloca en la V persona del )4D6#H.
P%ST PER#ECT
5)
)u=eto F 7#N F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos. e.". had swum in the pool.e.". );he had swum in the pool.
51)
)u=eto F 7#N4,T F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos. e.". hadn,t swum in the pool.e.". );he hadn,t swum in the pool.
567)
7#N;7#N4,T F su=eto F verbo en participio V columnaB F complementos.e.". 7ad swum in the pool? e.". 7ad s;he swum in the pool?
4@T# 7#N se utili*a en T@N#) las personas+ sin necesidad de cambiar la V persona del sin"ular.
PRESENTE S34P2E 'S. PRESENTE CONT3NUO
hat is that noise? )omebody playB the piano. e "oB to the cinema this Uriday.
e "oB on holiday every inter. The days beB lon"er in summer. )he often talkB to herself.
)he haveB a shower at the moment. Hi"ht now+ she runB down the hill. @ak trees "rowB very slowly.
!y do" not eatB ve"etables. !y brother not likeB animals.
!ost people not likeB to visit a doctor. n his =ob he usually standB.
,m lookin" at the woman+ she wearB a nice hat.
never "oB out in the evenin".
7e usually workB with paints and brushes. No you know anyone who speakB talian? #t work+ he usually sitB all day.
here is Wate? )he watchB TQ in the livin" room. you;"oB to the party ne5t )aturday?
you ever you ; ever ; workB at the weekend? hy you you driveB so fast today?
The water boilB now. )hall switch it o?
The duck smellB delicious. )hall take it out of the oven? )ometimes+ Tom doB his homework after lunch.
P%S%&O S34P2E 'S. P%S%&O CONT3NUO )he sitBon a chair and watchin" TQ.
e waved at him+ but he not lookB.
hen was Goun" wantB to be a pilot.
hat happenB after that?
you ; seeB Xane last ni"ht?
)he wearB her new =acket when saw her.
seeB you walkin" in the park this mornin".
"ot up at seven and then haveB a bi" breakfast.
you;"oB to the restaurant yesterday?
left the cinema before the %lm ended. not en=oyB it.
hen she ; startB learnin" (n"lish? & Uive years a"o.
7ow much it;costB to 3y to >aris?
!r. Arown haveB a shower when knocked his door.
turn the radio o. 4obody listenB to it.
)he was a beautiful woman. )he always attractB a lot of men.
%&8ECT3'ES 5CO4P%R%T3'ES/ SUPER2%T3'ES/ THE &OU(2E CO4P%R%T3'E).
POS3T3ON O# THE %&8ECT3'ES.
6os ad=etivos describen cualidades de sustantivos. #l"unas de estas cualidades pueden variar en el "rado o intensidad. #l i"ual que en espaIol+ cuando queremos hacer comparaciones contrastamos cualidades o atributos por medio de ad=etivos en sus diversos "rados.
El gra*o poiti+o de los ad=etivos+ que hemos visto anteriormente+ es la cualidad en el "rado mLs simple.
e.". Juan is fast . Xuan corre rLpido.B
e.". Angela's room is clean. 6a habitaciOn de #n"ela estL limpia.B
e.". I am tall . )oy alto.B
e.". ew Yor! is big. 4ueva Gork es "rande.B
El gra*o co!parati+o #l hacer comparaciones+ podemos destacar la superioridad+ inferioridad o i"ualdad de calidad de uno u otro. 6a estructura de cada uno de estos "rados de comparaciOn es diferente.
1 Co!parati+o *e uperiori*a*. (n las comparaciones de superioridad+ el ad=etivo+ que estL en la forma comparativa vRase mLs adelanteB+ es se"uido por YthanY.
e.". Juan is faster than "ar!. Xuan corre mLs rLpido que !ark.B
e.". Angela's room is cleaner than #ue's. 6a habitaciOn de #n"ela estL
mLs limpia que la de )ue.B
e.". I am taller than $eth. )oy mLs alto que Aeth.B
e.". ew Yor! is bigger than %os Angeles. 4ueva Gork es mLs
"randeque 6os #n"eles.B
1 Co!parati+o *e inferiori*a*. >ara formar este tipo de comparaciOn podemos usar las con=unciones Ynot a...aY o r Yle...thanY. (n ambos casos+ el ad=etivo estL en el "rado positivo.
e.". "ar! is not as fast as Juan. !ark no corre tan rLpido como Xuan.B 1
e.". #ue's room is less clean than Angela's. 6a habitaciOn de )ue no es tan limpia como la de #n"ela.B
e.". $eth is not as tall as me. Aeth no es tan alta como yo.B
e.". %os Angeles is not as big as ew Yor!. 6os #n"eles no es tan
"rande como 4ueva Gork.B
1 Co!parati+o *e igual*a*. Con el ad=etivo en el "rado positivo+ utili*amos la con=unciOn Ya...aY para formar las comparaciones de i"ualdad.
e.". "ar! is as fast as Juan. !ark corre tan rLpido como Xuan.B
e.". #ue's room is as clean as Angela's. 6a habitaciOn de )ue es tan
limpia como la de #n"ela.B
e.". %os Angeles is as big as ew Yor!. 6os #n"eles es tan "rande como
4ueva Gork.B
4@T# >odemos modi%car un comparativo con un cuanti%cador much+ a lot+ a little...B.
e.". Juan is a lot faster than "ar!. Xuan corre mucho mLs rLpido que
!ark.B
e.". I am a little taller than $eth. )oy un poco mLs alta que Aeth.B
El gra*o uperlati+o denota la calidad en el "rado mLs alto y como en espaIol+ se usa YtheY delante del ad=etivo en la forma superlativa vRase mLs adelanteB.
e.". Juan is the fastest . Xuan es el mLs rLpido.B
e.". Angela'a room is the cleanest . & 6a habitaciOn de #n"ela es la mLs
limpia.B
e.". I am the tallest . )oy el mLs alto.B
e.". ew Yor! is the biggest city in the nited #tates. 4ueva Gork es la
ciudad mLs "rande de los (stados Dnidos.B
4@T# )i el ad=etivo es posesivo+ no se usa YtheY. #demLs no se usa YtheY si comparamos al"o con sP mismo.
e.". (is smartest student is %isa. )u estudiante mLs lista es 6isa.B 1$
e.". ew Yor! is coldest in January. 4ueva Gork es mLs frPo en enero.B
#or! 5#or!a)
7ay unas re"las para formar el comparativo y superlativo. 1. Para a*-eti+o *e una 9laba:
Co!parati+o Superlati+o
aIade YerY fasterB aIade YetY fastetB
2. Para a*-eti+o *e una 9laba ue ter!inan en ;e;:
Co!parati+o Superlati+o
aIade YrY nicerB aIade YtY nicetB
. Para a*-eti+o *e una 9laba ue ter!inan en cononante +ocal cononante:
Co!parati+o Superlati+o
aIade consonante F YerY hotterB
aIade consonante F YetY hottetB
$. Para a*-eti+o *e *o ilaba ue ter!inan en ;y;:
Co!parati+o Superlati+o
sustituye YyY por YierY funnierB
sustituye YyY por YietY funnietB
'. Para a*-eti+o *e *o o !< ilaba:
Co!parati+o Superlati+o
aIade Y!oreY;YleY
!orebeautifulB
aIade Ythe !otY;Ythe leatY the !otbeautifulB
-. %*-eti+o irregulare:
%*-eti+o Co!parati+o Superlati+o
"ood better best
bad worse worst
far further furthest
4@T# #l"unas cualidades no pueden variar en intensidad o "rado porque son e5termos+ absolutos o ad=etivos de clasi%caciOn. (stas cualidades no tienen forma comparativa o superlativa.
)*tremos
e.". free+ing heladoB
e.". e*cellent e5celenteB
Absolutos
e.". dead muertoB
e.". uni,ue SnicoB -lasicacin
e.". married casadoB
e.". domestic domRsticoB
Co!plete the entence:
!y mother is than my father.
hat is movie you have ever seen?
1- That movie was bad+ but it wasn<t have ever seen. Hachel<s hair is not as as )arah<s.
Gesterday<s e5am was than the one last month. >eter is as as #le5.
think !ary is woman have ever seen. 7er room is only a little bit than mine. 7e is when he is playin" football
!ichael<s house is from the train than Aetty<s.
4O&%2 'ER(S
3N=2>S ESP%?O2
>@N(H;>@NZ#>DN@;)(H C#>#E N( C#4;C@D6N;A( #A6( T@
N(A(HZ#;4@ N(A(HZ# )7@D6N;)7@D6N,T @D7T T@; @D7T 4@T T@ N(A(H;4@ N(A(H !D)T;!D)T4,T T(4(H [D( 7#Q( T@ >D(N( !#G >@NHZ# !7T
4o con=u"an la tercera persona+ es decir+ no se pone J)K. Qan se"uidos de 4U4TQ@ )4 JT@K+ e5cepto J@D7T T@K.
4o tienen otro tiempo que no sea presente e5cepto JC#4 & C@D6NK. 4D4C# utili*an au5iliares.
NOT% el JmustK es obli"aciOn si es a%rmativo ; el JmustK es prohibiciOn si es ne"ativo.
>oder ; podPa pudo ; podrPa ; ser
capa* de Neber ; tener que
NeberPa >uede
NeberPa B >odrPa
USE& TO 5SO2ER)
(l verbo YueY si"ni%ca YusarY o Yutili*arY. )in embar"o+ cuando utili*amos este verbo en el pasado simple+ mLs la preposiciOn YtoY+ como verbo modal+ el si"ni%cado cambia. #demLs+ se puede utili*ar Yue* toY como ad=etivo.
(l verbo modal Yue* toY se emplea para indicar al"o que ocurrPa o sucederPa en el pasado de manera habitual. TambiRn+ se utili*a para al"o que antes era verdad pero ya no lo es. Como con los otros verbos modales+ Y ue* toY estL se"uido por la forma base del verbo el in%nitivo sin Y toYB.
5)
Su-eto ;ue* to; +erbo...e.". 0e used to go to the beach every summer when I was young. Cuando era =oven solPamos ir a la playa cada verano.B
e.". (e used to smoke a 1ac! of cigarettes a day2 but he ,uit last year. )olPa fumar un paquete de ci"arrillos al dPa+ pero lo de=R el aIo pasado.B
e.". I used to like mushrooms2 but not anymore. !e solPan "ustar las
setas+ pero ya no.B
e.". There used to be a great restaurant here2 but it closed a few years ago. 7abPa un "ran restaurante aquP+ pero cerrO hace unos aIos.B
51)
Su-eto ;*i*n@t; ;ue to; +erbo...e.". I didn't use to like mushrooms2 but now I do. 4o me solPan "ustar
las setas+ pero ahora si.B
e.". 3ood didn't use to be so e*1ensive. 6a comida no solPa ser tan
cara.B
e.". 0e didn't use to go away on holiday very often when I was young. 4o solPamos ir de vacaciones a menudo cuando era =oven.B
567)
;&i*; u-eto ;ue to; +erbo...7e.". Didn't he use to smoke a lot4 \l solPa fumar mucho+ ]no?B
e.". Did you use to live here4 ]QivPas aquP antes?B
e.". Did they use to go to the beach in the summers4 ])olPan ir a la
playa durante los veranos?B
4@T# 4o utili*amos Yue* toY para acciones habituales en el presente. (n ve* de este verbo modal+ se usa un adverbio como Y uuallyY oYnor!allyY por e=emplo.
e.". 0e usually go to the beach every summer. )olemos ir a la playa
cada verano.B
e.". (e normally smokes a 1ac! of cigarettes every day. 4ormalmente
Rl fuma un paquete de ci"arrillos cada dPa.B
e.". They usually play football on the wee!ends. )uelen =u"ar a fStbol los %nes de semana.B
4@T# TambiRn se puede utili*ar el verbo modal Y"oul*Y para eventos o acciones repetidas en el pasado. >ero ten en cuenta que sOlo se puede usar con acciones+ no con estados o hLbitos. Tampoco se puede utili*ar Y "oul*Y en el ne"ativo.
e.". 0hen I was young2 we would go to the beach every summer. Cuando era =oven )olPamos ir a la playa cada verano.B
e.". At the university2 they would 1lay football every wee!end. (n la
universidad+ ellos solPan =u"ar a fStbol cada %n de semana.B
(e would smo!e a lot.
0hen I was young we wouldn't go to the beach every summer.
TO (E USE& TO 5EST%R %COSTU4(R%&O %)
Cuando se utili*a Yue* toY como ad=etivo si"ni%ca Yestar acostumbrado aY. )e usa para cosas que son familiares+ normales o comunes y se puede usar en cualquier tiempo verbal. Cuando Yto be ue* toY estL se"uido por un verbo+ el verbo tiene que estar en "erundio YingYB.
e.". #he's used to liv ing alone. (lla estL acostumbrada a vivir sola.B
e.". 0e weren't used to traveling a lot. 4o estLbamos acostumbrados
a via=ar mucho.B
e.". I'm not used to this cold weather. 4o estoy acostumbrado a este
frPo.B
4@T# Cuando utili*amos el verbo Y getY en ve* de YbeY indica el proceso de familiari*arse con al"o.
e.". They divorced over 5 years ago. #he has gotten used to liv ing alone. )e divorciaron hace mLs de 2 aIos. (lla se ha acostumbrado a
vivir sola.B
e.". 0ith this new job I am getting used to traveling a lot. Con este
nuevo traba=o me estoy acostumbrando a via=ar mucho.B
e.". You need to get used to this cold weather if you are going to live here. 4ecesitas acostumbrarte a este frPo si vas a vivir aquP.B
Co!plete the entence:
smoke when was in my 20s. smoke when drink.
the smell of smoke because my husband smokes. There was a time when she always work late.
7e be a ve"etarian when he was a kid.
They the silence when they built a restaurant ne5t door. )ally drink a lot of wine.
t<s a noisy apartment but it. Aill work lon" days.
Ay the time Xohn moves in+ livin" alone.
SOASUCH
Dtili*amos YoY tan+ asP+ entoncesB y YuchY seme=ante+ tal+ tan+ tantoB para aIadir Rnfasis+ mostrar sentimientos e5tremos o para dar la opiniOn sobre al"o. 6a diferencia entre los dos estL en cOmo los utili*amos en la estructura de las frases.
SO
so F ad=ective;adverb tan Fad=etivo;adverbioB
Dtili*amos YoY con ad=etivos o adverbios para mostrar sentimientos o efectos e5tremos. (n estos casos+ el ad=etivo o adverbio va directamente despues de YoY en la frase.
e.". I have been wor!ing since 6am this morning. I'm so tired7 7e
estado traba=ando desde a las / por la maIana. ^(stoy tan cansada_B
e.". 0hy are you driving so fast4 ]>or quR estLs conduciendo tan
rLpido?B
e.". 8ate is so beautiful. I can't believe she's single7 Wate es tan "uapa.
P4o puedo creer que estR soltera_B
e.". "y daughter studied so hard for her e*am. !i hi=a estudiO tan
duramente para su e5amen.B
so F quanti%er `many;few+ much;little F noun tan F cuanti%cador F sustantivoB
>odemos utili*ar los cuanti%cadores con YoY para indicar e5tremos en cantidad+ pero hace falta recordar las re"las de usos de los cuanti%cadores y contables e incontables+ sin"ulares y plurales para mas informaciOn+ ver la lecciOn de cuanti%cadores.B (stos son los Snicos casos en los que Y oY se usa con un sustantivo. YSo !uchY o Yo !anyY pueden ser traducidos tambiRn como YtantosY en espaIol.
e.". Teresa has so many talents7 ^Teresa tiene tantos talentos_B
e.". 0ith three !ids and a full9time job2 my sister has so little free time. Con
tres hi=os y un traba=o de =ornada completa+ mi hermana tiene tan poco tiempo libre.B
e.". I have so few memories of my childhood. Ten"o tan pocos recuerdos de mi infancia.B
e.". The children watch so much television. 6os niIos miran tanta televisiOn.B so F that tan F queB
>odemos utili*ar YoY con YthatY para mostrar resultados o consecuencias. (n "eneral+ el uso de YthatY es opcional.
e.". The music was so loud : that ; I couldn't hear my own voice. 6a
mSsica era tan fuerte que no podPa oPr mi propia vo*.B
e.". (e was driving so fast : that ; he had an accident. (staba
conduciendo tan rLpido que tuvo un accidente.B
e.". "y son studied so hard : that ; he recieved the best grade in the class. !i hi=o estudiO tan duramente que recibiO la me=or nota de la clase.B
SUCH
such F ad=ective F noun tan F ad=etivo F sustantivoB
Como con YoY+ utili*amos YuchY con ad=etivos para mostrar e5tremos. # diferencia de YoY+ YuchY estL se"uido por un ad=etivo mLs un sustantivo. 6as frases que utili*an YuchY para dar Rnfasis se pueden traducir como Y^[ue_Y en espaIol ver el tercer e=emploB.
e.". I am so luc!y. I have such wonderful friends7 Ten"o tanta suerte. ^Ten"o ami"os tan maravillosos_B
e.". That is such a 1retty dress7 You should wear it more often. ^(ste
vestido es tan bonito_ NeberPa llevarlo mLs a menudo.B e.". It is such a beautiful day7 ^[ue dPa tan bonito_B
4@T# 4o se puede utili*ar YuchY con los cuanti%cadores como Y!uchY+ Y!anyY+ Yfe"Y+ o YlittleY. )Olo con YoY se pueden utili*ar estos cuanti%cadores.
such F that tan F queB
Como con YoY+ podemos utili*ar YuchY con YthatY para mostrar e5tremos que terminan en un resultado. (n "eneral+ el uso de YthatY es opcional.
2-e.". It was such a beautiful day : that ; we decided to go to the beach. Uue un dPa tan bonito que decidimos ir a la playa.B
e.". <ave has such a small car : that ; he doesn't have to s1end much money on gas. Nave tiene un coche tan pequeIo que no tiene que "astar
mucho dinero en "asolina.B
e.". It was such a good meal : that ; we made it again the ne*t night. (ra una comida tan buena que la hicimos otra ve* la si"uiente noche.B
such F =ud"emental noun tan F sustantivo crPticoB Con sustantivos crPticos+ el uso de YuchY da Rnfasis.
e.". I never li!ed Andy. (e is such a jer!7 4unca me ha "ustado #ndy.
^(s una idiota_B
e.". You are such a clown7 Are you ever serious4 (res un payaso.
]XamLs estLs serio?B
such F noun tan F sustantivoB
Cuando YuchY estL se"uido directamente por un sustantivo+ Y uchY si"ni%ca Yun tipo deY.
e.". I have never seen such architecture before. 4unca he visto tal
arquitectura antes.B
e.". 0e very rarely listen to such music. !uy raramente escuchamos
tal mSsica.B
Co!plete the entence "ith uch or o: Gour sister has beautiful hair.
They had never eaten e5otic food before.
7al was speakin" quickly that no one could understand him. 4ed has much money+ he doesn<t know what to do with it. t was a hot day that spent most of it in the pool.
t was hot+ spent most of the day in the pool.
Gou are a "enious_ 7ow did you solve that problem?
am mad ri"ht now. !y boyfriend lied to me. 7e is a =erk_
7ow can there be problems in the world?
There are many problems in this world. ill there ever be peace?
THE P%SS3'E
7asta ahora hemos hablado de la vo* activa donde enfocamos la acciOn del verbo en el su=eto. >ero cuando queremos dar mLs importancia a la acciOn y no a quien la ha reali*ado+ utili*amos la +oB pai+a.
%a vo+ activa
e.". (e ate all of the coo!ies. ComiO todas las "alletas.B %a vo+ 1asiva
e.". All of the coo!ies were eaten. Todas las "alletas fueron comidas.B
=ra!!atical Rule 5Regla gra!aticale)
)e forma la vo* pasiva con el verbo au5iliar Y to beY y el participio pasado del verbo.
Su-eto +erbo au,iliar 5;to be;) participio paa*o.
e.". The s1eech is written for the 1resident. (l discurso estL escrito
para el presidente.B
e.". The house was built in =>6?. 6a casa fue construida en 19/'.B
e.". "y wallet has been stolen. 7a sido robada mi cartera.B
e.". The room will be cleaned while we are out. )e limpiarL la habitaciOn mientras estemos fuera.B
>ara transformar una oraciOn activa a pasiva tenemos en cuenta los si"uientes puntos
1. (l ob=eto de la oraciOn activa pasa a ser el su=eto de la pasiva.
2. (l verbo principal se sustituye por el au5iliar Yto beY+ en su mismo tiempo+ =unto al verbo principal en participio.
. (l su=eto de la oraciOn principal pasa a ser complemento a"ente de la pasiva.
$. )i hacemos menciOn en la oraciOn del su=eto que reali*a la acciOn su=eto a"enteB+ este irL normalmente precedido por la preposiciOn Y byY.
e.". "ar! Twain wrote the boo!. @ The boo! was written by "ar! Twain. !ark Twain escribiO el libro. (l libro fue escrito por !ark Twain.B
e.". The house!ee1er will clean the room. @ The room will be cleaned by the house!ee1er. 6a ama de casa limpiarL la habitaciOn. 6a
habitaciOn serL limpiada por la ama de casa.B Ue 5Uo)
1. Dsamos la vo* pasiva cuando no sabemos quien ha reali*ado la acciOn. e.". A civilian has been killed . & Dn civil ha sido asesinado.B
e.". The car was stolen. & (l coche fue robado.B
2. Dsamos la vo* pasiva cuando queremos dar mLs importancia a lo que pasO+ que a quiRn reali*O la acciOn o cuando no queremos decir quien la reali*O.
e.". The letter was delivered yesterday. 6a carta fue entre"ada
ayer.B
e.". A mista!e was made. Dn error fue cometido.B
4@T# 4o podemos usar la vo* pasiva con verbos intransitivos como Y *ieY+ Yarri+eY o YgoY. Qerbos intransitivos son verbos que no llevan un ob=eto directo.
Change the entence fro! acti+e to pai+e +oice: !ark Twain wrote YThe #dventures of Tom )awyerY in 1:/-.
They make many movies in 7ollywood.
The students will "ive a presentation tomorrow.
)omeone has stolen my bike_
The Aeatles recorded YThe hite #lbumY over $0 years a"o.
e receive the newspaper everyday.
The children have eaten the cookies.
e will complete the renovations ne5t week.
They pay us every Uriday.
Nid they deliver your new sofa?
3N#3N3T3'ES %N& =ERUN&S
El gerun*io y el in0niti+o son formas de los verbos que actuan como nombres. (l "erundio se forma con Y 1ingY "alking+ eating+ etc.B. (l in%nitivo se forma con la preposiciOn YtoY to "alk + to eat+ etc.B.
=ra!!atical Rule 5Regla gra!aticale)
1. Cuan*o un +erbo igue a otro +erbo/ ie!pre neceita!o uar el in0niti+o o el gerun*io. 4ormalmente usamos el in%nitivo despuRs de al"unos verbos y el "erundio despuRs de otros. TambiRn hay verbos con los que podemos usar el "erundio o el in%nitivo.
'erbo =erun*io 3n0niti+o
#ord #"ree #ttempt Ae"in Choose Continue Necide Netest (n=oy (5pect Uail Uinish 7ate 7ope ma"ine ntend Weep 2
6earn 6ike 6ove !ana"e 4eed @er >lan >refer >romise [uit Hecomme nd Hefuse He"ret )eem )tart )u""est Tend Threaten Tolerate Try Dnderstan d ant ish
o
o e.". I can't aord to buy a new car. 4o puedo permitirme
comprar un coche nuevo.B
o e.". (e began to
doubt himself./(e began doubting himself. Comen*O a dudar de sP mismo.B o e.". They decided to move to Australia in "ay. Necidieron
mudarse a #ustralia en !ayo.B
o e.". I enjoy listening to music. Nisfruto escuchar mSsica.B o e.". #he hates studying./#he hates to study . @dia estudiar.B o e.". You love dancing./You love to dance. Te encanta bailar.B
o e.". (e needed to leave class early because he had an a11ointment. TenPa que salir de la clase pronto porque tenPa una cita.B
o e.". #he can't tolerate complaining. 4o puede tolerar que=as.B o e.". I tried learning )nglish./I tried to learn )nglish. 7e
intentado aprender in"lRs.B
o e.". "y mother could retire2 but she !ee1s working. !i madre
podrPa =ubilarse+ pero si"ue traba=ando.B
o
2. Po*e!o uar el gerun*io o el in0niti+o co!o ob-eto/ u-eto o co!ple!ento *e una frae/ pero en "eneral+ es mucho mLs comSn usar el "erundio como su=eto.
o
o ObjetoB
o e.". I li!e cooking./I li!e to cook . !e "usta cocinar.B
o e.". #he continued working./#he continued to work .ContinuO
traba=ando.B
o
o #ujetoB
o e.". Swimming is good e*ercise. 4adar es un buen e=ercicio.B
o e.". Drinking and driving is dangerous. Aeber y conducir es
peli"roso.B
o
o -om1lementoB
o e.". The best thing to do when you are sic! is to drink a lot of water. 6o me=or que puedes hacer cuando estLs enfermo es beber mucha
o e.". "y favorite e*ercise is swimming. !i e=ercicio favorito es la
nataciOn.B
o
. Con alguno +erbo/ cuan*o ua!o el gerun*io o el in0niti+o/ el igni0ca*o ca!bia.
o forget/ !ean/ re!e!ber/ top... o CerundioB
o e.". I forgot writing that email. !e olvidR escribiendo ese correo
electrOnico.B
o InnitivoB
o e.". I forgot to write that email. !e olvidR de escribir el correo
electrOnico.B
o
o CerundioB
o e.". #to1 watching the television. Ne=ar de ver las noticias.B o InnitivoB
o e.". #to1 to watch the news. >arar para ver las noticias.B
o
$. Se ua el in0niti+o *epuD *e a*-eti+o.
o
o *iappointe*/ gla*/ happy/ pleae*/ relie+e*/ a*/
urprie*...
o e.". I'm glad to see you. !e ale"ro de verte.B
o e.". #he was sur1rised to nd the door unloc!ed. )e sorprendiO
al encontrar la puerta abierta.B
o
'. &epuD *e prepoicione olo po*e!o uar el gerun*io.
o
o about/ againt/ at/ after/ before/ by/ on/ "ithout... o e.". (e's good at listening. (scucha bien.B
o e.". I always read before going to bed. )iempre leo antes de
acostarme.B
o e.". You can't leave without saying goodbye. 4o puedes salir sin
despedirte.B
o
-. Se ua el gerun*io *epuD *e uno no!bre.
o a*+antageA*ia*+antage of/ *anger of/ e,perience in/
interete* in/ opportunity of/ reaon for/ proble!/ ue...
o e.". 0hat is the advantage of waiting4 ]CuLl es la venta=a de
esperar?B
o e.". I am interested in taking an )nglish class. (stoy interesado
en tomar una clase de in"lRs.B
o e.". (is 1roblem nding a new job was his lac! of e*1erience. )u
problema para encontrar un nuevo empleo era su falta de e5periencia.B
/. Se ua el gerun*io *epuD *e una e,preione o +erbo fraale.
o
o to look for"ar* to/ to be "orth/ can@t help/ *on@t !in*/ feel
like...
o e.". 0e're really loo!ing forward to seeing you. Tenemos muchas
"anas de verte.B
o e.". That movie was not worth seeing. 4o vale la pena ver esa
pelPcula.B
o e.". I can't hel1 falling in love. 4o puedo evitar enamorarme.B
o
o Co!plete the entence "ith an in0niti+e or a gerun*: o hope "oB to (n"land ne5t year.
o They en=oy workB to"ether. o Navid quit smokeB a year a"o.
o No you want studyB with me toni"ht? o e were nervous takeB the e5am.
o 7e always takes a nap after eatB a bi" meal. o have no e5perience in workB with children. o e<re lookin" forward to meetB you_
o Carla doesn<t feel like cookB toni"ht+ so we are "oin"
to a restaurant.
o )ue was relieved learnB that she didn<t have
cancer.
o REPORTE& SPEECH o &3RE CT SPEE CH o 3N&3 RECT SPEE CH o &3RE CT SPEE CH o 3N&3 RECT SPEE CH o >rese nt )impl e o o 7ere o o >rese nt Conti nuou s o o This o o >rese nt >erfe ct o o These o o >rese nt >erfe ct Conti nuou s o o This pron ounB o o >ast )impl e o o That pron ounB o o >ast Conti nuou s o o 4ow o o )impl e future o o Gester day o o Uutur e Conti nuou s o o Tomo rrow o o Uutur e o o 6ast o
>erfe ct Conti nuou s week o Ae "oin" to form o o 4e5t week o o Can o o #"o o o !ay o o The day befor e ; after o o !ust o o Toni" ht o o
o $uetion 5Reporte* Speech)
o &.S.: Qerb F )ub=ect 3.S.:
)ub=ect F Qerb
o a) [uestions introduced by a question word like 7ow+ what+
when. the question word remains in reported speech.
o b) [uestions that are answered by Jyes;noK. e have to use U or
7(T7(H in the report question.
o
o Co!!an* an* reuet 5Reporte* Speech)
o )DAX(CT F Q(HA F @AX(CT F 4U4TQ( T7 T@ in reported
commands+ warnin"+ requests and advice.
o Commands and requests use the imperative in .). and are
introduced by T(66 and #)W respectively in reported speech.
o
o Change the entence fro! *irect to reporte* peech: o am happy
o am sleepin" o was happy
o have been happy o have been sleepin" o will have been happy o Y<m hun"ry+Y Tom said
o )arah asked+ Y#re you busy toni"ht? o Y am workin" in a hospital+Y she said
o Ye made a "reat dinner last ni"ht+Y he said
o YThey were livin" in Chica"o when their son was born+Y she said o
o Y have been to ndia three times+Y !elissa said
o Ye have been waitin" for the tickets for three hours+Y they said o
o 7e asked+ Y7ad you ever been to 4ew Gork before?Y
o
o Y am from #ustralia+Y >am said
o YGou must drive slowly here+Y the police ocer said
o
o $UEST3ON T%=S
o (n in"lRs es frecuente terminar las frases con otra frase corta+ de
si"no contrario+ la cual tiene la intenciOn de pedir la opiniOn o buscar la aprobaciOn del interlocutor son las llamadas uetion tag 5pregunta coletilla). (stas frases equivalen a ]verdad?+ ]no es verdad?+ ]no?+ ]no es asP? ]en serio?
o
o e.". You eat meat2 don't you? Comes carne+ ]verdad?B
o e.". #he doesn't li!e to dance2 does she? 4o le "usta bailar+
]no?B
o e.". Ale* and #ergio are friends2 aren't they? #le5 y )er"io son
ami"os+ ]no?B
o =ra!!atical Rule 5Regla gra!aticale)
o >ara formar esta pre"unta corta utili*aremos el au5iliar de la frase
principal y su su=eto pero de si"no contrario. )i no tuviera au5iliar entonces utili*arPamos el au5iliar Yto *oY.
o )i la oraciOn es a%rmativa+ la pre"unta coletilla es ne"ativa y
viceversa.
o Oraciones armativas
o e.". Your brother is older than you2 isn't he? Tu hermano es
mayor que tS+ ]no es asP?B
o e.". You can hel1 me2 can't you? >uedes ayudarme+ ]verdad?B o e.". John is getting married2 isn't he? Xohn se casarL+ ]verdad?B o e.". You wor!ed yesterday2 didn't you? Traba=aste ayer+ ]no?B o e.". #arah li!es ice cream2 doesn't she? # )arah le "usta el
helado+ ]no?B
o Oraciones negativas
o e.". You're not from here2 are you? 4o eres de aquP+ ]no?B
o e.". 8ate's not American2 is she? Wate no es americana+
]verdad?B
o e.". Deter never li!ed #usan2 did he? # >eter nunca le "ustO
o e.". They didn't go to class yesterday2 did they? 4o fueron a la
clase ayer+ ]verdad?B
o e.". You can't dance2 can you? 4o puedes bailar+ ]no?B
o
o 4@T# Cuidado con los verbos Yto ha+eY y Yto ha+e gotY o
o To have gotB
o e.". They've got a dog2 haven't they? Tienen un perro+ ]no?B
o
o To haveB
o e.". They have a dog2 don't they? Tienen un perro+ ]no?B
o
o E,cepcin: con el verbo Yto beY en la primera persona de
oraciones a%rmativas+ se usa la tercera persona Yaren@tYB en la pre"unta coletilla.
o e.". I am not wrong2 am I4 o e.". I am wrong2 aren't I4
o
o Co!plete the entence:
o Navid plays tennis+ ? o )he has "ot 2 brothers+ ? o Gou can<t swim+ ?
o !e"an is married+ ?
o Wate doesn<t teach )panish+? o They aren<t here+ ?
o
o 23NFERS
o
o
o
o a) Circle the right connector in each entence
o 0. )ven though/<es1ite she,s workin" really hard+ don,t think
she,ll be able to catch up with the rest of the class.
o 1. e can,t aord to have a holiday this year as/ so we,ve "ot an
overdraft at the bank.
o 2. Could we rearran"e my timetable so that/ in case don,t have
o . #t the meetin" Carla stuck to her "uns due to/in s1ite of the fact
that everybody was a"ainst her.
o $. The restaurant chain has had a very dicult year. evertheless/As a result + they haven,t had to close any of their
restaurants.
o '. 7e "ets a "ood salary though/since the =ob itself is quite
monotonous.
o
o b) Circle the correct option accor*ing to regiter.
o 0. )ales have decreased over the last three months. #o/Therefore
we will not be takin" on any new sta.
o 1. ,ve been o work for the last three days because of/owing to
this nasty cou"h ,ve "ot.
o 2. Xane te5ted me to say she,s "oin" to be a bit late so/conse,uently let,s start without her.
o . The company has reported declinin" sales this year. evertheless/$ut they have so far mana"ed to avoid any sta cuts. o $. stopped at a service station to/in order to %ll up with petrol.
o '. thou"ht it was an ama*in" %lm. t was quite depressin"+ though/however .
o -. e sincerely apolo"i*e for the delay+ which was due to/because of the late arrival of the incomin" aircraft.
o
o c) Co!bine the t"o entence uing the (O2& "or*5)/
!arking any neceary change.
o 0. e always switch o the TQ at ni"ht. e don,t want to waste
electricity o aB
o
o 1. @ur seats were a lon" way from the sta"e. e en=oyed the play
3n piteB
o
o 2. e took a"es to "et there. The trac was heavy becaue of B o
o . took the price o the ba". didn,t want her to know how much
it had cost o thatB
o
o $. Weep the receipt for the sweater. Gour dad mi"ht not like it in
caeB
o
o '. )usanna is an only child. )he isn,t at all spoilt E+en thoughB o
o -. >rices have increased because production costs have risen *ue
toB o o o o
o CON&3T3ON%2 SENTENCES o 3# 5SENTE NCE) o 4%3N 5SENTENCE) o 1. >resente
o >resente ; futuro; mperativo ; Qerbos
modales
o 2.
>asado
o Condicional simple
o su=eto F would;wouldn,t F verbo en
in%nitivo )4 T@ F complementosB
o .
>asado perfecto
o Condicional perfecto
o su=eto F would;wouldn,t F have F verbo en
participio `V columna F complementosB
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o e.".1. f study+ willB pass the e5am. &#i estudio2 a1ruebo/a1robarE el e*amenF.
o e.".2. f studied+ would pass the e5am. &#i estudiara2 a1robarGa el e*amenF.
o e.".. f had studied+ would have past my e5am. &#i hubiera estudiado2 habrGa a1robado el e*amenF.
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o )i lees mucho+ aprenderLs nuevas palabras
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o )i leyeses mucho+ aprenderPas nuevas palabras
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o )i hubieras lePdo mucho+ habrPas aprendido nuevas palabras
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o )i estoy en 4ueva Gork+ hablo ; hablarR en in"lRs
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o )i hubiese estado en 4ueva Gork+ habrPa hablado en in"lRs
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o )i estuviera de vacaciones+ irPa a la playa
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o )i hubiera sabido la respuesta+ te la habrPa dicho
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o )i me pidieran ayuda+ te ayudarPa
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o )i fuRramos pL=aros+ podrPamos volar
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o
o Co!plete the Con*itional Sentence 5Type 3/ 33 or 333) by
putting the +erb into the correct for!:
1. f they haveB time at the weekend+ they will come to see us. 2. f we sneak out quietly+ nobody noticeB .
. f we knowB about your problem+ we would have helped you. $. f beB you+ would not buy that dress.
'. e arriveB earlier if we had not missed the bus.
-. f didn<t have a mobile phone+ my life not ; beB complete. /. @kay+ "etB the popcorn if you buy the drinks.
:. f tellB you a secret+ you would be sure to leak it. 9. )he "oB out with you if you had only asked her.
10. would not have read your diary if you not hideB it in such an obvious place.
11. f had time+ shoppin" with you.
12. f you (n"lish+ you will "et alon" with them perfectly.
1. f they had "one for a walk+ they the li"hts o. 1$. f she to see us+ we will "o to the *oo.
1'. would have told you+ if him. 1-. ould you mind if the window? 1/. f they me+ wouldn<t have said no.
1:. !y friend me at the station if he "ets the afternoon o 19. f it+ nobody would do it.
20. f my father me up+ <ll take the bus home.
o o
o Chooe the correct type of Con*itional:
1. f he had dropped the vase+ it would have broken. Type Type Type
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2. f you have to do the washin" up+ will help you. Type Type Type
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. f had a hammer+ <d hammer in the mornin" ... son"B Type Type Type
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$. wouldn<t run away if saw a spider. Type Type Type
'. e<d have "iven you a lift if you hadn<t had your bike with you. Type Type Type
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-. f you had listened to me+ the accident wouldn<t have happened. Type Type Type
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/. f we don<t "et tickets for the concert+ we<ll stay at home. Type Type Type
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:. They<d "o by bus if they didn<t have a car. Type Type Type
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9. )he<ll hear us if you don<t stop lau"hin". Type Type Type
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10. 7e wouldn<t have taken the bread if he hadn<t been hun"ry. Type Type Type
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