Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Non Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 1.219 m 39.37008 48 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0238 m 39.37008 0.938 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0 m
8 Design pressure, P = 960 PSI 703.0696 674947 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1.2 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.08949 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.01599 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 3.4E+08 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 702.499 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 1.07796 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 5179785 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8632975 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 1347774 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -2630.65 2339.39 702.50 3041.89 Stable 44 0.2 -2335.21 2110.72 702.50 2813.22 Stable 45 0.3 -2108.51 1885.25 702.50 2587.75 Stable 46 0.4 -1917.40 1662.98 702.50 2365.48 Stable 47 0.5 -1749.02 1443.90 702.50 2146.40 Stable 48
Upheaval Buckling Calculation (48" Hassyan Gas Pipeline, Location Class = 4)
As per OTC Paper 6335 by A.C. Palmer, C.P.Ellinas, D.M. Richards and J.Guijt, 1990
Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 1.219 m 39.37008 48 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0238 m 39.37008 0.938 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0.001 m
8 Design pressure, P = 960 PSI 703.0696 674947 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1.2 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.08581 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.01536 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 3.2E+08 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 673.583 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 1.08165 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 5179785 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8632975 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 1292296 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -2522.92 2339.39 673.58 3012.97 Stable 44 0.2 -2239.88 2110.72 673.58 2784.30 Stable 45 0.3 -2022.69 1885.25 673.58 2558.83 Stable 46 0.4 -1839.59 1662.98 673.58 2336.56 Stable 47 0.5 -1678.28 1443.90 673.58 2117.49 Stable 48
Upheaval Buckling Calculation (48" Hassyan Gas Pipeline, Location Class = 4)
As per OTC Paper 6335 by A.C. Palmer, C.P.Ellinas, D.M. Richards and J.Guijt, 1990
Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Non Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 1.219 m 39.37008 48 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0159 m 39.37008 0.625 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0 m
8 Design pressure, P = 600 PSI 703.0696 421842 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1.2 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.06001 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.01086 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 2.3E+08 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 471.103 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 1.10744 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 4859617 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8099362 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 891022 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -1773.98 2339.39 471.10 2810.50 Stable 44 0.2 -1579.94 2110.72 471.10 2581.82 Stable 45 0.3 -1431.04 1885.25 471.10 2356.35 Stable 46 0.4 -1305.51 1662.98 471.10 2134.08 Stable 47 0.5 -1194.92 1443.90 471.10 1915.01 Stable 48
Upheaval Buckling Calculation (48" RM2 Gas Pipeline, Location Class = 4)
As per OTC Paper 6335 by A.C. Palmer, C.P.Ellinas, D.M. Richards and J.Guijt, 1990
Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 1.219 m 39.37008 48 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0159 m 39.37008 0.625 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0.001 m
8 Design pressure, P = 600 PSI 703.0696 421842 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1.2 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.05628 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.01021 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 2.2E+08 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 441.794 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 1.11117 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 4859617 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8099362 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 835588 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -1663.98 2339.39 441.79 2781.19 Stable 44 0.2 -1482.15 2110.72 441.79 2552.51 Stable 45 0.3 -1342.63 1885.25 441.79 2327.04 Stable 46 0.4 -1225.01 1662.98 441.79 2104.77 Stable 47 0.5 -1121.39 1443.90 441.79 1885.70 Stable 48
Upheaval Buckling Calculation (48" RM2 Gas Pipeline, Location Class = 4)
As per OTC Paper 6335 by A.C. Palmer, C.P.Ellinas, D.M. Richards and J.Guijt, 1990
Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Non Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 0.610 m 39.37008 24 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0095 m 39.37008 0.375 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0 m
8 Design pressure, P = 720 PSI 703.0696 506210 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.01796 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.00081 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 1.7E+07 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 140.958 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 0.27391 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 4859617 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8099362 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 266601 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -389.89 1007.42 140.96 1148.38 Stable 44 0.2 -273.47 882.69 140.96 1023.65 Stable 45 0.3 -184.13 761.15 140.96 902.11 Stable 46 0.4 -108.82 642.82 140.96 783.77 Stable 47 0.5 -42.47 527.68 140.96 668.64 Stable 48
Upheaval Buckling Calculation (24" DFO Pipeline, D.F = 0.72)
As per OTC Paper 6335 by A.C. Palmer, C.P.Ellinas, D.M. Richards and J.Guijt, 1990
Document No. 081113B-CL-302 Rev. B
1 2
3
Corroded pipe
4
5 Input Data Unit Conv.fact Unit
6 Pipe diameter, D = 0.610 m 39.37008 24 inch 7 Nominal pipe thk, t = 0.0095 m 39.37008 0.375 inch
Corrosion Allowance = 0.001 m
8 Design pressure, P = 720 PSI 703.0696 506210 Kg/m2 9 Steel density = 7850 Kg/m3
10 Soil density, Y = 1600 Kg/m3
11 Youngs modulas of steel, E = 207000 Mpa 101971.62 2.1108E+10 kg/m2 12 Poisson ratio, n = 0.3
13 Thermal expansion, a = 0.0000117 Per oC 14 Installation (backfill) Temp, T1 = 13 o
C
15 Design Temp (U/G), T2 = 60 oC
16 Pipeline Cover depth, H = 1 m
17 Fluid density (0.65 s.g) = 0 Kg/m3 (Consider zero for conservative reason)
18 Uplift coefficient = 0.1 (for loose soil or 0.5 for dense material) 19
20 Pipe Properties
21 Pipe cross sectional area, A = π/4(D2
-d2) = 0.0161 m2 22 Pipe Section modulus, I = π/64(D4-d4)
= 0.00073 m4
23 Pipe flexural rigidity = EI = 1.5E+07 kg-m2
24 Weight of pipe = Sect area x L x density 126.37 Kg/m Pipe contents sectional area = π/4(D-2xt)2
= 0.27577 m2 Weight of contents = Sect area x L x density 0 Kg/m 25
26 Pipeline Axial force = (P) = A {0.5 Sh + Eα(T2-T1) - ٧Sh }
27 Axial stress due hoop stress = ٧(PD)/(2t) = 4859617 Kg/m2 (+) 28 Axial stress due to pressure = 0.5xSh = 8099362 Kg/m2 (-) 29 Thermal stress = Eα(T2-T1) = 1.2E+07 Kg/m2 (-)
30 So the Axial force (P) = = 239009 kg 31
32 The required down force from OTC Paper 33 34 W = [1.16 – 4.76 (EI Wo / d) 0.5 / P] P ( d W o / EI) 0.5 Kg/m 35
36 The Uplift resistance from Soil & Pipe weight
37 Q = H x D x Ƴx [1+f x (H / D)]
38 Wo = Weight of Pipe + Contents 39
40
41 Condition for Stability = W < Wo + Q
42 Imperfection height Req. Down force (W) Uplift soil resistance(Q) Wo Q + Wo Stability
43 0.1 -349.95 1007.42 126.37 1133.79 Stable 44 0.2 -245.75 882.69 126.37 1009.06 Stable 45 0.3 -165.79 761.15 126.37 887.52 Stable 46 0.4 -98.38 642.82 126.37 769.19 Stable 47 0.5 -39.00 527.68 126.37 654.05 Stable 48
