Experiment Multi Pump Test Rig

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UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL &

BIO-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FLUID MECHANICS

CLB 11003

TITLE :

Experiment 6 : Multi Pump Test Rig

Lecturer’s Name :

En.Eddyazuan

Name / Section

ID Number

1)SURENDRAN BALAKRISHNAN

55201113445

2)MUHAMMAD AKMAL HAKIN BIN RAMLAN

55201113557

3)AHMAD IKHRAM ROSLAN

55201113682

Due Date :

13 APRIL 2016

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OBJECTIVES

 Determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in a contained unit.  Understand the types of pumps in principle and design, and the selection of the

appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation.

SUMMARY

The objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of

different pumps in a contained unit. In addition, this experiment was conducted to

understand the types of pumps in principle and design and the selection of the appropriate

pump for a particular application for optimal operation. The results for this experiment

were obtained for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3 according to different types of

characteristics for each of the pump. This experiment is divided into four parts. First

experiment is rotational speed vs volumetric flow rate, which is for a performance curve

for a centrifugal pump. The second experiment is other performance curve for a

centrifugal pump. The third experiment is rotational speed vs output pressure, which is

performance curve for a positive displacement pump. Finally, the last experiment is other

performance curve for a positive displacement pump. For each part of experiment, the

respective graphs were plotted for different types of characteristics. In the discussion, the

characteristics curves for each part of experiment was plotted according the pump 1,

pump 2 and pump 3. In the each characteristics curves for pump 1, pump 2 and pump 3,

the relationships between each characteristics have been discussed. In short, as a

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pumps in a contained unit. Besides, students understood the types of pumps in principle

and design and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for

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RESULTS

Data Collected for Experiment 1:

Table 1 : Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P1

Speed (RPM) Flow rate (%)

2800 59.3 2600 57.0 2400 53.9 2200 49.1 2000 44.6 1800 40.1 1600 35.7 1400 30.8 1200 26.2 1000 21.7 800 17.3 600 12.8

Volume of Q was calculated using formula :

a) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 59.4 hr m Q Q 3 04 . 4 1000 60 56 . 113 100 3 . 59     b) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 57.0 hr m Q Q 3 88 . 3 1000 60 56 . 113 100 0 . 57    

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c) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 53.9 hr m Q Q 3 67 . 3 1000 60 56 . 113 100 9 . 53     d) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 49.1 hr m Q Q 3 35 . 3 1000 60 56 . 113 100 1 . 49     e) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 44.6 hr m Q Q 3 04 . 3 1000 60 56 . 113 100 6 . 44     f) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 40.1 hr m Q Q 3 73 . 2 1000 60 56 . 113 100 1 . 40     g) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 35.7 hr m Q Q 3 43 . 2 1000 60 56 . 113 100 7 . 35     h) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 30.8 hr m Q Q 3 10 . 2 1000 60 56 . 113 100 8 . 30    

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i) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 26.2 hr m Q Q 3 79 . 1 1000 60 56 . 113 100 2 . 26     j) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 21.7 hr m Q Q 3 48 . 1 1000 60 56 . 113 100 7 . 21     k) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 17.3 hr m Q Q 3 18 . 1 1000 60 56 . 113 100 3 . 17     l) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 12.8 hr m Q Q 3 87 . 0 1000 60 56 . 113 100 8 . 12    

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Flow rate (%) Volume Flow, Q (m3_/hr) Rotational Speed , N (RPM) 59.3 4.04 2800 57.0 3.88 2600 53.9 3.67 2400 49.1 3.35 2200 44.6 3.04 2000 40.1 2.73 1800 35.7 2.43 1600 30.8 2.10 1400 26.2 1.79 1200 21.7 1.48 1000 17.3 1.18 800 12.8 0.87 600

Figure 1: Rotational Speed (N) vs Volume Flow rate (Q)

y = 667.63x - 0.2371 R² = 0.997 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Ro ta tina l Sp ee d, N (RP M )

Volume Flow Rate, Q ( m3/hr)

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Data Collected for Experiment 2 :

Table 2: Flow rate, Speed, Differential Pressure and Power for P1

Flow rate % Speed RPM Diff. Pressure % Power kW 60 2800 16.4 0.53 50 2799 30.4 0.50 40 2807 42.9 0.48 30 2822 55.2 0.46 20 2836 61.5 0.42 10 2851 65.4 0.40

Volume of Flow rate , Q wac calculate using formula :

a) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 60 hr m Q Q 3 09 . 4 1000 60 56 . 113 100 60     b) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 50 hr m Q Q 3 41 . 3 1000 60 56 . 113 100 50     c) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 40 hr m Q Q 3 73 . 2 1000 60 56 . 113 100 40     d) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 30 hr m Q Q 3 04 . 2 1000 60 56 . 113 100 30     e) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 20 hr m Q Q 3 36 . 1 1000 60 56 . 113 100 20     f) 1000 60 56 . 113 100    q Q q = Flow rate (%) When q is 10 hr m Q Q 3 68 . 0 1000 60 56 . 113 100 10    

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PMi is calculated as below :-

a).

W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 530 1 1000 53 . 0 53 . 0 1000 ) (      

b).

c).

d).

e).

f).

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i. Motor Input Power (PMI) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Flow rate (%) Volume Flow rate,

Q (m3_/hr) Power (kW) Motor Input Power, PMi, (W) 60 4.09 0.53 530 50 3.41 0.50 500 40 2.73 0.48 480 30 2.04 0.46 460 20 1.36 0.42 420 10 0.68 0.40 400

Figure 1: Motor Input Power vs Volume Flow Rate

y = 38.089x + 374.16 R² = 0.9898 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 M o to r Inp ut P o w er , P M i ( W)

Volume Flow Rate , Q (m3/hr)

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ii. Pump Total Head (H) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Total Head is calculated by using formula as below :-





2 3 1 2 4 1 2 81 . 9 1000 ,% Pr 18 . 0 180 ) ( tan 86 . 0 860 ) ( tan , 10 2 . 10 3 100 s m Gravity g m kg water Density essure al Differenti DP m mm water Datum From ce Dis Inlet Z m mm water Datum From ce Dis Outlet Z m Head Total Pump H where g DP Z Z H w c c w c c                                

i). Differential Pressure, % = 16.4

m H m kg s N s m m kg bar m N bar m H s m m kg bar m N bar m m H DP when 80 . 5 . . 1 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 4 . 16 68 . 0 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 4 . 16 ) 18 . 0 86 . 0 ( 4 . 16 2 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 4                                                    

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ii). Differential Pressure, % = 30.4 m H m kg s N s m m kg bar m N bar m H s m m kg bar m N bar m m H DP when 16 . 10 . . 1 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 4 . 30 68 . 0 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 4 . 30 ) 18 . 0 86 . 0 ( 4 . 30 2 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 4                                                    

iii). Differential Pressure, % = 42.9

iv). Differential Pressure, % = 55.2

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v). Differential Pressure, % = 61.5 m H m kg s N s m m kg bar m N bar m H s m m kg bar m N bar m m H DP when 86 . 19 . . 1 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 5 . 61 68 . 0 81 . 9 1000 / 10 2 . 10 3 100 5 . 61 ) 18 . 0 86 . 0 ( 5 . 61 2 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 4                                                    

vi). Differential Pressure, % = 65.4

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Volume Flow rate, Q (m3_/hr) Zc2-Zc1 (m) Diff. Pressure, D (%)

Pump Total Head, H (m) 4.09 0.68 16.4 5.80 3.41 0.68 30.4 10.16 2.73 0.68 42.9 14.06 2.04 0.68 55.2 17.90 1.36 0.68 61.5 19.86 0.68 0.68 65.4 21.08

Figure 2 : Pump Total Head (H) Vs Volumetric Flow Rate (Q)

y = -4.5772x + 25.727 R² = 0.9611 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Pum p T ot al H ea d, H ( m )

Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3_/hr)

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iii. Pump Power Output (Po) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Power Output was obtained by calculate using formula as below :-





hr

m

rate

Flow

Volume

Q

m

Head

Total

Pump

H

s

m

Gravity

g

m

kg

water

Density

W

Output

Power

Pump

P

where

s

hr

gHQ

P

w o w o 3 2 3

,

81 .

9 1000

,

3600

1 









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1. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 64 . 64 . 64 . 64 . . 1 . 64 . 64 3600 1 09 . 4 80 . 5 81 . 9 1000 09 . 4 , 80 . 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                  2. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 41 . 94 . 41 . 94 . . 1 . 41 . 94 3600 1 41 . 3 16 . 10 81 . 9 1000 41 . 3 , 16 . 10 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                  3. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 60 . 104 . 60 . 104 . . 1 . 60 . 104 3600 1 73 . 2 06 . 14 81 . 9 1000 73 . 2 , 06 . 14 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                 

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4. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 51 . 99 . 51 . 99 . . 1 . 51 . 99 3600 1 04 . 2 90 . 17 81 . 9 1000 04 . 2 , 90 . 17 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                  5. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 60 . 73 . 60 . 73 . . 1 . 60 . 73 3600 1 36 . 1 86 . 19 81 . 9 1000 36 . 1 , 86 . 19 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                  6. W P s m N P m kg s N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P hr m Q m H when o o o o 06 . 39 . 06 . 39 . . 1 . 06 . 39 3600 1 68 . 0 08 . 21 81 . 9 1000 68 . 0 , 08 . 21 2 3 2 3 2 3 3                 

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Volume Flow rate, Q (m3_/hr)

Pump Total Head, H (m)

Pump Power Output, Po (W) 4.09 5.80 64.64 3.41 10.16 94.41 2.73 14.06 104.60 2.04 17.90 99.51 1.36 19.86 73.60 0.68 21.08 39.06

Figure 3 : Pump Power Output vs Volume Flow Rate

y = 8.1807x + 59.792 R² = 0.1736 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 P um p P o w er O utput , P 0 ( W)

Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)

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iv. Pump Power Input (Pi) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Power Input, Pi was calculated by using formula below :-





W Hz Load No at Power Pump P W Power Input Motor P W nput PumpPowerI P where P P P p Mi i p Mi i 70 ) 50 ( 1 , , min 1 min 1       a). W P W P P when i i Mi 460 ) 70 530 ( 530     b). W P W P P when i i Mi 430 ) 70 500 ( 500     c). W P W P P when i i Mi 410 ) 70 480 ( 480     d). W P W P P when i i Mi 390 ) 70 460 ( 460     e). W P W P P when i i Mi 350 ) 70 420 ( 420     f). W P W P P when i i Mi 330 ) 70 400 ( 400    

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Volume Flow rate, Q Motor Input Power, PMi

Pp1min

Pump Power Input, Pi (m3_/hr) _(W) _(W) _(W) 4.09 530 70 460 3.41 500 70 430 2.73 480 70 410 2.04 460 70 390 1.36 420 70 350 0.68 400 70 330

Figure 4 : Pump Power Input vs Volume Flow rate

y = 38.089x + 304.16 R² = 0.9898 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 P um p P o w er I nput , P i ( W)

Volume Flow rate, Q (m3/hr)

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v. Pump Efficiency (ETA) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Pump Efficiency was obtained by calculation:-

a). % 05 . 14 % 100 460 64 . 64 460 , 64 . 64 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o b). % 96 . 21 % 100 430 41 . 94 430 , 41 . 94 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o c). % 51 . 25 % 100 410 60 . 104 410 , 60 . 104 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o d). % 52 . 25 % 100 390 51 . 99 390 , 51 . 99 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o e). % 03 . 21 % 100 350 60 . 73 350 , 60 . 73 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o f). % 84 . 11 % 100 330 06 . 39 330 , 06 . 39 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o

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Volume Flow rate, Q

Pump Power Output, Po

Pump Power

Input, Pi Pump Efficiency, ETA

(m3_/hr) _(W) _(W) _% 4.09 64.64 460 14.05 3.41 94.41 430 21.96 2.73 104.60 410 25.51 2.04 99.51 390 25.52 1.36 73.60 350 21.03 0.68 39.06 330 11.84

Figure 5 : Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Volume of Flow Rate (Q)

y = 0.5786x + 18.605 R² = 0.0163 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 P um p E ff icia ncy , E T A

Volume of Flow rate, Q ( m3/hr)

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vi) Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Vs. Volume Flow rate (Q)

Overall Efficiency was obtained by calculate using formula at below :-

a). % 20 . 12 % 100 530 64 . 64 530 , 64 . 64 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA b). % 88 . 18 % 100 500 41 . 94 500 , 41 . 94 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA c). % 80 . 21 % 100 480 60 . 104 480 , 60 . 104 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA d). % 63 . 21 % 100 460 51 . 99 460 , 51 . 99 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA e). % 52 . 17 % 100 420 60 . 73 420 , 60 . 73 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA f). % 77 . 9 % 100 400 06 . 39 400 , 06 . 39 % 100        gr gr Mi o Mi o gr ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA

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Volume Flow rate, Q (m3_/hr) Pump Power Output, Po (W) Motor Input Power, PMi (W) Overall Efficiency, ETAgr (%) 4.09 64.64 530 12.20 3.41 94.41 500 18.88 2.73 104.60 480 21.80 2.04 99.51 460 21.63 1.36 73.60 420 17.52 0.68 39.06 400 09.77

Figure 6 : Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Volume of Flow rate, Q

y = 0.6863x + 15.33 R² = 0.0311 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 O v er a ll E ff iciency , E T Ag r (%)

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Table 3 b: Rotational Speed and Flow rate for P3

Speed (RPM) Flow rate (%) Volume flow rate, Q (m3_/hr) 1400 29.2 0.497 1300 27.0 0.460 1200 24.9 0.424 1100 22.5 0.383 1000 20.2 0.344 900 17.9 0.305 800 15.6 0.266 700 13.3 0.227 600 11.1 0.189 500 08.8 0.150 400 06.6 0.112

Volume Flow, Q was calculated by using formula :

Q =

𝑞 100

× 28.39 ÷ 10

3

_{× 60}

When q = 29.2, Q = 29.2 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.497 m3/hr When q = 27.0, Q = 27.0 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.460 m3/hr When q = 24.9, Q = 24.9 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.424 m3/hr When q = 22.5, Q = 22.5 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.383 m3/hr

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When q = 20.2, Q = 20.2 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.344 m3/hr When q = 17.9, Q = 17.9 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.305 m3/hr When q = 15.6, Q = 15.6 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.266 m3/hr When q = 13.3, Q = 13.3 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.227 m3/hr When q = 11.1, Q = 11.1 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.189 m3/hr When q = 8.8, Q = 8.8 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.150 m3/hr When q = 6.6, Q = 6.6 100× 28.39 ÷ 10 3_{× 60} = 0.112 m3/hr

Figure 2 :Graph of Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume Flow Rate (Q) for pump 3

y = 2582x + 112.03 R² = 0.9999 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 R o tatio n al Sp ee d ( N)

Volume Flow Rate (Q), m3_/hr

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Data Collected for Experiment 4

Table 4 b: Pressure, Flow rate, Speed and Power for P3

Pressure % Flow rate % Speed RPM Power kW 60 29.6 1400 0.56 55 30.0 1407 0.51 50 30.3 1413 0.49 45 30.7 1419 0.47 40 31.0 1426 0.44 35 31.3 1432 0.43 30 31.6 1438 0.40 25 32.0 1440 0.39 20 32.2 1447 0.37 10 33.9 1452 0.36 Motor Power Input,PMi W Volume Flow rate, Q m3_/hr Pump Total Head,H m Pump Power Output,P0 W Pump Power Input, Pi W Pump Efficiency (ETA) Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Volumetric Efficiency (ETAV) 560 0.50 137.43 170.40 510 33.41 30.43 94.35 510 0.51 126.00 159.35 460 34.64 31.25 95.76 490 0.52 114.57 147.73 440 33.58 30.15 97.22 470 0.52 103.15 133.01 420 31.67 28.30 96.81 440 0.53 91.72 120.54 390 30.91 27.40 98.18 430 0.53 80.30 105.54 380 27.77 24.54 97.77 400 0.54 68.87 92.22 350 26.35 23.06 99.20 390 0.55 57.45 78.35 340 23.04 20.09 100.90 370 0.55 46.02 62.76 320 19.61 16.96 100.41 360 0.57 32.75 32.75 310 10.56 9.10 103.70

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i. Motor Input Power (PMi) vs Output Pressure for P3

PMi was calculated as below :

a). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 560 1 1000 56 . 0 56 . 0 1000 ) (       b). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 510 1 1000 51 . 0 51 . 0 1000 ) (       c). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 490 1 1000 49 . 0 49 . 0 1000 ) (       d). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 470 1 1000 47 . 0 47 . 0 1000 ) (       e). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 440 1 1000 44 . 0 44 . 0 1000 ) (       f). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 430 1 1000 43 . 0 43 . 0 1000 ) (       g). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 400 1 1000 40 . 0 40 . 0 1000 ) (       h). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 390 1 1000 39 . 0 39 . 0 1000 ) (       i). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 370 1 1000 37 . 0 37 . 0 1000 ) (       j). W P kW W kW P power when kW Power P Mi Mi Mi 360 1 1000 36 . 0 36 . 0 1000 ) (      

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Output Pressure %

Motor Power Input,PMi

W 60 560 55 510 50 490 45 470 40 440 35 430 30 400 25 390 20 370 10 360

Table 4.1 : Output Pressure (Pr) , Motor Power Input (PMi) for P3

Figure 2 : Motor Input Power vs Output Pressure for P3

y = 3.9654x + 295.28 R² = 0.9519 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 M o to r Inp ut P o w er , PM i (W) Output Pressure, Pr (%)

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Volume Flow (Q) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3 Volume Flow (Q) was calculated as below :

a). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 50 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 6 . 29      b). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 51 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 0 . 30      c). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 52 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 3 . 30      d). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 52 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 7 . 30      e). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 53 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 0 . 31      f). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 53 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 3 . 31      g). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 54 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 6 . 31      h). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 55 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 0 . 32      i). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 55 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 2 . 32      j). 60 1000 39 . 28 100    q Q hr m Q Q 3 57 . 0 60 1000 39 . 28 100 9 . 33     

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Output Pressure %

Volume Flow rate, Q m3_/hr 60 0.50 55 0.51 50 0.52 45 0.52 40 0.53 35 0.53 30 0.54 25 0.55 20 0.55 10 0.57

Table 4.2 : Volume Flow (Q) , Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Figure 3 : Volume Flow vs Output Pressure for P3

y = -0.0013x + 0.5799 R² = 0.9773 0.49 0.5 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 V o lum e F lo w , Q ( m 3 /hr) Output Pressure, Pr (%)

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ii. Pump Power Output (P0) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Pump Total Head is calculated by using formula as below :-





2 3 1 2 4 1 2 81 . 9 910 ,% Pr 064 . 0 64 ) ( tan 38 . 0 380 ) ( tan , 10 2 . 10 20 100 Pr s m Gravity g m kg oil Density essure al Differenti DP m mm oil Datum From ce Dis Inlet Z m mm oil Datum From ce Dis Outlet Z m Head Total Pump H where g Z Z H oil G G oil G G                                

a). Output Pressure, % = 60 b). Output Pressure, % = 55

m H s m m kg m m H when 43 . 137 81 . 9 910 10 2 . 10 20 100 60 ) 064 . 0 38 . 0 ( 60 Pr 2 3 4                            m H s m m kg m m H when 00 . 126 81 . 9 910 10 2 . 10 20 100 55 ) 064 . 0 38 . 0 ( 55 Pr 2 3 4                           

c). Output Pressure, % = 50 d). Output Pressure, % = 45

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g). Output Pressure, % = 30 h). Output Pressure, % = 25

i). Output Pressure, % = 20 j). Output Pressure, % = 10

Pump Power Output was obtained by calculate using formula as below :-





hr m rate Flow Volume Q m Head Total Pump H s m Gravity g m kg oil Density W Output Power Pump P where s hr gHQ P oil o oil o 3 2 3 , , 81 . 9 910 , 3600 1           

(34)

1. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 40 . 170 . 40 . 170 . 40 . 170 3600 1 50 . 0 43 . 137 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               2. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 35 . 159 . 35 . 159 . 35 . 159 3600 1 51 . 0 00 . 126 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               3. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 73 . 147 . 73 . 147 . 73 . 147 3600 1 52 . 0 57 . 114 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               4. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 01 . 133 . 01 . 133 . 01 . 133 3600 1 52 . 0 15 . 103 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               5. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 54 . 120 . 54 . 120 . 54 . 120 3600 1 53 . 0 72 . 91 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               6. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 54 . 105 . 54 . 105 . 54 . 105 3600 1 53 . 0 30 . 80 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               7. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 22 . 92 . 22 . 92 . 22 . 92 3600 1 54 . 0 87 . 68 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3              

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8. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 35 . 78 . 35 . 78 . 35 . 78 3600 1 55 . 0 45 . 57 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               9. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 76 . 62 . 76 . 62 . 76 . 62 3600 1 55 . 0 02 . 46 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3               10. W s m N s m kg P s hr hr m m s m m kg P o o 75 . 32 . 75 . 32 . 75 . 32 3600 1 57 . 0 7 . 23 81 . 9 910 3 2 3 2 3              

Figure 3 :Pump Power Output (P0) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

y = 1.2258x + 58.205 R² = 0.4116 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 P um p P o w er O utput ( Po ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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iii. Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

Pi was calculated was below : Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 560 - 50 = 510 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 510 - 50 = 460 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 490 - 50 = 440 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 470 - 50 = 420 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 440 - 50 = 390 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 430 - 50 = 380 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 400 - 50 = 350 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 390 - 50 = 340 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 370 - 50 = 320 W Pi = PMi - P3min = PMi - 50W = 3600 - 50 = 310 W

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Figure 4 :Pump Power Input (Pi) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

iv. Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

ETA was calculated was below :

1. % 41 . 33 % 100 510 40 . 70 510 , 40 . 170 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 2. % 64 . 34 % 100 460 35 . 159 460 , 35 . 159 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o y = 3.9654x + 245.28 R² = 0.9519 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 P um p P o w er I np ut (P i ) Output Pressure (Pr)

(38)

3. % 58 . 33 % 100 440 73 . 147 440 , 73 . 147 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 4. % 67 . 31 % 100 420 01 . 133 420 , 01 . 133 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 5. % 91 . 30 % 100 390 54 . 120 390 , 54 . 120 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 6. % 77 . 27 % 100 380 54 . 105 380 , 54 . 105 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 7. % 35 . 26 % 100 350 22 . 92 350 , 22 . 92 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 8. % 04 . 23 % 100 340 35 . 78 340 , 35 . 78 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 9. % 61 . 19 % 100 320 76 . 62 320 , 76 . 62 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o 10. % 56 . 10 % 100 310 75 . 32 310 , 75 . 32 % 100        ETA W W ETA W P W P when P P ETA i o i o

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Figure 5 : Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

v. Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

ETAgr was calculated as below :

1. % 45 . 30 % 100 560 40 . 170 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 2. % 25 . 31 % 100 510 35 . 159 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA y = 0.3612x + 14.55 R² = 0.9092 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 P um p E ff iciency ( E T A) Output Pressure (Pr)

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3. % 15 . 30 % 100 490 73 . 147 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 4. % 3 . 28 % 100 470 01 . 133 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 5. % 40 . 27 % 100 440 54 . 120 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 6. % 54 . 24 % 100 430 54 . 105 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 7. % 06 . 23 % 100 400 22 . 92 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 8. % 09 . 20 % 100 390 35 . 78 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 9. % 96 . 16 % 100 370 76 . 62 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA 10. % 10 . 9 % 100 360 75 . 32 % 100      gr gr Mi o gr ETA W W ETA P P ETA

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Figure 6 : Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Output Pressure (Pr) for P3

vi. Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) vs Output Pressure (Pr)for P3

Volumetric Efficiency (ETAV) was calculated as below :

1. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥 60

𝑥 100

= 0.50 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1400 𝑥 60} x100 = 94.35 2. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.51 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1407 𝑥 60} x100 = 95.76 3. ETAv = 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.52 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1419 𝑥 60} x100 = 96.81 5. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.53 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1426 𝑥 60}

3

x100 = 98.18 6. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.53 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥 1432 𝑥 60} x100 = 97.77 y = 0.351x + 11.758 R² = 0.93 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 O v er a ll E ff iciency ( E T Agr ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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7. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.54 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1438 𝑥 60} x100 = 99.20 8. _{ETAv =} 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.55 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1447𝑥 60} x100 = 100.41 10. ETAv = 𝑄 𝑉𝑖 𝑋 𝑥 𝑁 𝑥60

𝑥 100

= 0.57 6.309 𝑥 10ֿ6 𝑚3 𝑟𝑒𝑣_{𝑥1452 𝑥 60} x100 = 103.70

Figure 7 : Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) vs Output Pressure (Pr)for P3

y = -0.1486x + 103.79 R² = 0.9229 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Vo lum et ric E ff iciency ( E T Av ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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DISCUSSION

The main objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of different pumps in a contained unit. Besides that, it also helps to understand the types of pumps in principle and design, and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for optimal operation. In experiment 1, the reading that was recorded in the table shows that when the speed is decrease the reading of flowrate also decreases. Then, the graph of Rotational Speed (N) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q) is plotted, a straight line graph is produced. At speed = 2800 rpm, the volume flowrate is 59.3% and when at the lowest speed = 600 rpm, the flowrate is lower where its 12.8 %. Based on the theory, it can be said that when the rotational speed is increased, the volume flow is also increased. The objective is achieved.

In experiment 3, the readings for flow rate when there is a decrease in the speed is recorded. The formula of volumetric flow rate,

Q = x

is used to determine the volume flow (Q). From the table, it is known that once the values of speed decreases, the values of flow rate and volume flow rate are also decreasing. A graph of Rotational speed (N) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) is plotted and it shows a straight line graph

y = 667.63x - 0.2371 R² = 0.997 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 1 2 3 4 5 R o ta tina l Spe ed, N ( R P M )

Volume Flow Rate, Q ( m3/hr)

Rotational Speed (N) vs Volume Flow

rate (Q)

      100 q _      1000 60 56 . 113 x

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which means that the speed is directly proportionally to the volume flow rate as said by the theory.

In experiment 2, the readings for flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded from the speed and output flow rate are maximum. When the output flow rate is decreased, the table shows that the values differential pressure and speed increase when the power is decreased. A range of graph is plotted. The graph for Motor Input Power (PMI) vs. Volume Flow rate (Q))

shows an increasing curve.

y = 0.6863x + 15.33 R² = 0.0311 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 O v er a ll E ff iciency , E T Ag r (%)

Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Vol Flow rate (Q) y = 2582x + 112.03 R² = 0.9999 0 500 1000 1500 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 R o tatio n al Sp ee d ( N)

Volume Flow Rate (Q), m3_/hr

Rotational Speed (N) Vs Volume

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The graphs for Pump Power Output (Po) vs. Volume Flow Rate and Pump Power Input (Pi) vs.

Volume Flow Rate (Q) also shows increasing curve, which shows a directly proportional graph to volumetric flow rate. The Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) and Pump Total Head (H) vs. Volume Flow Rate (Q) graph shows a constant decrease.

y = 38.089x + 374.16 R² = 0.9898 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 1 2 3 4 5 M o to r Inp ut P o w er , P M i ( W)

Volume Flow Rate , Q (m3/hr)

Motor Input Power (PMi) vs Vol Flow Rate (Q) y = -4.5772x + 25.727 R² = 0.9611 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 Pum p T ot al H ea d, H ( m )

Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3_/hr)

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y = 8.1807x + 59.792 R² = 0.1736 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 1 2 3 4 5 P um p P o w er O utput , P 0 ( W)

Volume Flow Rate, Q (m3/hr)

Pump Power Output (P₀) vs Vol Flow rate (Q) y = 38.089x + 304.16 R² = 0.9898 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 P um p P o w er I np ut, P i ( W)

Volume Flow rate, Q (m3/hr)

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The last section of this experiment is experiment 4. In this experiment, the readings for flow rate, differential pressure, power and speed are recorded from the speed and output flow rate are maximum. When the pump head (pressure) is decreased, the table shows that the values of volume flow rate increased and the power is decreased. Pump Efficiency, ETA and Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) decreases when pressure is decreased. Volumetric Efficiency, % ETAVA decreases when pressure is decreased. A range of graph is plotted. The graphs for Motor Input Power (PMi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) and Pump Power Input (Pi) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) show increasing curves. While,

Pump Power Output (Po) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) gives a straight line graph. The

Volume Flow (Q) Vs Output Pressure (Pr)decreases, Pump Efficiency (ETA) Vs Output Pressure (Pr)and Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) shows an increaese. The graph of

y = 0.5786x + 18.605 R² = 0.0163 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 P um p E ff icia ncy , E T A

Pump Efficiency (ETA) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)

y = 0.6863x + 15.33 R² = 0.0311 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 O v er a ll E ff iciency , E T Ag r (%)

Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) vs Vol Flow rate (Q)

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Volumetric Efficiency (ETAv) Vs Output Pressure (Pr) gives a constant straight line graph at y≈100. y = 1.1167x + 541.94 R² = 0.9902 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 0 20 40 60 80 100 M o to r Inp ut P o w er ( PMi ) Output Pressure (Pr)

Motor Input Power Vs Output

Pressure

y = -0.0002x + 1.3121 R² = 0.8062 1.29 1.295 1.3 1.305 1.31 1.315 1.32 0 20 40 60 80 100 Vo lum e F lo w Ra te (Q ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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y = 1.0973x + 2.6965 R² = 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100 P um p P o w er O utput ( Po ) Output Pressure (Pr)

Pump Power Output Vs Output Pressure

y = 1.1167x + 471.94 R² = 0.9902 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 0 20 40 60 80 100 P um p P o w er I np ut (P i ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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y = 0.1864x + 1.3208 R² = 0.9983 0 5 10 15 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 P um p E ff iciency ( E T A) Output Pressure (Pr)

Pump Efficiency Vs Output Pressure

y = 0.1668x + 1.0831 R² = 0.9987 0 5 10 15 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 O v er a ll E ff iciency ( E T Agr ) Output Pressure (Pr)

Overall Efficiency Vs Output Pressure

y = -0.0044x + 109.89 R² = 0.2115 109.2 109.4 109.6 109.8 110 110.2 110.4 0 20 40 60 80 100 Vo lum et ric E ff iciency ( E T Av ) Output Pressure (Pr)

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The characteristic curves for the experiment 2 and 4 were plotted in one graph.

For pump 1 : Volume Flow, Q (m3_/hr) Motor Input Power, PMi, (W) Pump Total Head, H (m) Pump Power Output, Po (W) Pump Power Input, Pi Pump Efficiency, ETA Overall Efficiency, ETAgr (%) 4.09 530 5.80 64.64 ₄₆₀ _14.05 _12.20 3.41 500 10.16 94.41 ₄₃₀ _21.96 _18.88 2.73 480 14.06 104.60 ₄₁₀ _25.51 _21.80 2.04 460 17.90 99.51 ₃₉₀ _25.52 _21.63 1.36 420 19.86 73.60 ₃₅₀ _21.03 _17.52 0.68 400 21.08 39.06 ₃₃₀ _11.84 _09.77 y = 3.9654x + 295.28 R² = 0.9519 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 20 40 60 80 M o to r Input P o w er , PM i (W) Output Pressure, Pr (%)

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From the graph plotted for pump 1, the pressure head (H) increases when the volume flow rate (Q) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi), pump output (Po), pump input (Pi),

pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr) decreases as the Q increases.

For pump 3: Motor Power Input,PMi W Volume Flow rate, Q m3_/hr Pump Total Head,H m Pump Power Output,P0 W Pump Power Input, Pi W Pump Efficiency (ETA) Overall Efficiency (ETAgr) Volumetric Efficiency (ETAV) 560 0.50 137.43 170.40 510 33.41 30.43 94.35 510 0.51 126.00 159.35 460 34.64 31.25 95.76 490 0.52 114.57 147.73 440 33.58 30.15 97.22 470 0.52 103.15 133.01 420 31.67 28.30 96.81 440 0.53 91.72 120.54 390 30.91 27.40 98.18 430 0.53 80.30 105.54 380 27.77 24.54 97.77 400 0.54 68.87 92.22 350 26.35 23.06 99.20 390 0.55 57.45 78.35 340 23.04 20.09 100.90 370 0.55 46.02 62.76 320 19.61 16.96 100.41 360 0.57 32.75 32.75 310 10.56 9.10 103.70 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Ch ar ac te ri sti cs

Volume Flow rate, Q

Characteristics VS Volume Flow rate for P1

Pmi H P0 Pi ETA ETAgr

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From the graph plotted for pump 3, the volume efficiency (ETAv) and volume flowrate (Q)

increases when the output pressure (Pr) increases. In addition, the motor input power (Pmi), pump output (Po), pump input (Pi), pump efficiency (ETA), and overall pump efficiency (ETAgr)

decreases as the output pressure (Pr) increases.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The main objective of this experiment is to determine the operating characteristic of

different pumps in a contained unit. Besides that, it also helps to understand the types of pumps

in principle and design, and the selection of the appropriate pump for a particular application for

optimal operation. This experiment allows the students to measure the operating characteristic of

different pump in a contained unit. The principles of the pump are different from each other.

Pump is a device use to move fluid such as liquid, gases by physical or mechanical action. The

results show different types of curve and line graphs according to different pumps. The function,

principle and design of each pump vary according to its type. Different pumps hold different

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Ch ar ac te ri sti cs Output Pressure

Characteristics VS Output Pressure for P3

Pmi Q P0 Pi ETA ETAgr ETAv

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operating characteristics. From this experiment, it is proven that centrifugal pump, plunger pump

and gear pump has different working principle due to the type of fluid in which the pump is used

to move the fluid. The design of three pumps has a big difference as centrifugal pump and

plunger pump need two motor to run the pump. While the gear pump only needs a motor.

To ensure the experiment successfully, before conducting this experiment, it is necessary

to do some check up towards the equipment to avoid any misuse and malfunction. Each valve

should be properly open/closed according to the type of pump. Next, the pump should not be

operating when there is no liquid in the pipeline to avoid serious damage to the equipment.

Besides that, adjust the potentiometer to its minimum setting before switch off the pump. Lastly,

make sure that HV2 is not completely closed when P2 is running.

REFERENCES

1) Kirby, B.J. (2010). Micro- and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic Devices.. Cambridge University Press .

2) Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications, Laurier L. Schramm, Publisher: Wiley VCH, 26 July 2005

3) Cameron Tropea, Alexander L. Yarin, John F. Foss, Springer handbook of experimental fluid mechanics Publisher: Springer, 9 October 2007

4) Falkovich, Gregory (2011), Fluid Mechanics (A short course for physicists), Cambridge University Press

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5) Batchelor, George K. (1967), An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press