GCSE Additional Science Physics Contents Guide

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Physics

Contents Guide

GCSE Additional Science

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The Gallery

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Physics

Speed and Acceleration

Laws of Motion

Energy and Movement

Work and Power

Momentum

Static Electricity

Electric Circuits

Resistance and Resistors

Electrical Safety

Motors and Generators

Radioactive Decay

Nuclear Energy

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1. GCSE Additional Science

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46 slides 17 interactive Flash activities

Speed and velocity

• the difference between speed and velocity

• how to calculate speed from distance travelled and time taken numerical problems about speed, distance and time

Acceleration

• how to calculate acceleration from change of speed and time taken numerical problems about acceleration, change of speed and time

Speed–time graphs

• information provided by the gradient of a speed–time graph

• how to calculate acceleration from the gradient of a speed–time graph

animated graph showing the information provided by the gradient of a speed–time graph multiple-choice quiz on calculating acceleration from speed–time graphs

animation showing how the area of a speed–time graph represents distance travelled graphing resource to create user-defined speed–time graphs

Speed and safety

• the importance of speed limits

• factors affecting thinking and braking distances

animated chart showing stopping distances of a car travelling at different speeds identifying which factors affect thinking distances and stopping distances evaluating opinions about speeding and speed cameras

Summary activities

• glossary of keywords in the presentation anagrams of keywords in the presentation

labelling different gradients in distance–time graphs labelling different gradients in speed–time graphs

Distance–time graphs

• information provided by the gradient of a distance–time graph

• how to calculate speed from the gradient of a distance–time graph

animation showing how speed can be represented by plotting distance travelled against time animated graph showing the information provided by the gradient of a distance–time graph multiple-choice quiz on calculating speed from distance–time graphs

graphing resource to create user-defined distance–time graphs

1. Speed and Acceleration

Speed and

Acceleration

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42 slides 14 interactive Flash activities

Newton’s third law

• action–reaction pairs of forces and Newton’s third law of motion guide to action–reaction pairs of forces

Friction

• an introduction to friction and its causes

• the main types of friction

• how to reduce the effects of problem friction

identifying whether friction is useful or problematic in different situations

guide to how the size of a frictional force acting on an object depends on the size of other forces acting on the object

Force diagrams

• using force diagrams to indicate the forces acting on an object

• identifying the forces acting on different objects

• about resultant forces

labelling forces acting on objects

calculating the resultant force acting on different objects

Newton’s first law

• balanced forces and Newton’s first law of motion

investigating the effect of balanced forces on objects

animation explaining why a skydiver reaches terminal velocity animated velocity–time graph of a skydiver

Newton’s second law

• unbalanced forces and Newton’s second law of motion

• how to calculate force from mass and acceleration

investigating the effect of unbalanced forces on objects numerical problems about force, mass and acceleration

Summary activities

identifying the effect of different resultant forces on stationary and moving objects identifying true-or-false statements about balanced and unbalanced forces multiple-choice review of the presentation

2. Laws of Motion

Laws of Motion

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30 slides 8 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

• glossary of keywords in the presentation anagrams of keywords in the presentation multiple-choice review of the presentation

Gravitational potential energy

• how to calculate gravitational potential energy from mass, gravitational field strength and height simulation of how the gravitational potential energy of an object lifted by a crane varies with its mass and height

numerical problems about gravitational potential energy, mass and height

Kinetic energy

• how to calculate kinetic energy from mass and velocity

• why high-speed car crashes are more dangerous than low-speed car crashes numerical problems about kinetic energy, mass and velocity

animated chart showing how the kinetic energy of a car varies with its velocity

Energy transfers

• the law of conservation of energy

• the relationship between the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of a falling object identifying the energy transfers in the story of ‘Gerald the Human Cannonball’

simulation of how gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy vary on a rollercoaster

3. Energy and Movement

Energy and

Movement

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26 slides 8 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

What is work?

• work done as a measure of how much energy is transferred

• how to calculate work done from the size of a force and distance moved guide to factors affecting the amount of work done

simulation of how the work done by a crane varies with the weight of the load and the distance it is lifted

numerical problems about work done, force and distance identifying true-or-false statements about work done

What is power?

• power as a measure of the rate at which work is done

• power and fuel consumption

• how to calculate power from the amount of work done and the time taken

animation showing how the power of a crane affects the rate at which it can do work numerical problems about power, work done and time

4. Work and Power

Work and Power

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28 slides 10 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

What is momentum?

• momentum as an indicator of how easy it is to stop a moving object

• how to calculate momentum from mass and velocity

• the difference between scalar and vector quantities

numerical problems about momentum, mass and velocity

Changes in momentum

• how to calculate change in momentum from force and time

• how momentum relates to the safety of cars

• ways in which the risk of injury can be reduced in car accidents numerical problems about change in momentum, force and time

guide to how seatbelts, airbags and crumple zones improve the safety of cars

Conservation of momentum

• about conservation of momentum

• how momentum is conserved in collisions and explosions simulation of a Newton’s cradle toy

guide to how the principle of conservation of momentum can be used to calculate the velocity of an ice skater

virtual experiment investigating how momentum is conserved in collisions between two trolleys

animation showing how momentum is conserved in an explosion

identifying true-or-false statements about momentum and conservation of momentum

Momentum

5. 5. Momentum

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38 slides 14 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

Static charge

• how static charge is created and how it builds up on different materials

• how a gold leaf electroscope can be used to detect static charge

• how a Van de Graaff generator works

animation comparing how rods made from different insulating materials become charged identifying true-or-false statements about static charge

animation showing how a Van de Graaff generator works

Forces between charges

• how the forces that occur between pairs of charges can be investigated

• that like charges repel and unlike charges attract

virtual experiment investigating whether pairs of charges repel or attract virtual experiment investigating how a charged balloon affects various items

Introducing static electricity

• everyday examples of the effects of static electricity

• the cause of static electricity and how it is involved in creating lightning history of Benjamin Franklin’s experiments to investigate lightning completing sentences about static electricity

Uses of static electricity

• how static electricity is used in photocopiers, spray painting cars, smoke precipitators,

• and defibrillators

• the dangers of static electricity and the precautions that can prevent it causing explosions animation showing how a photocopier uses static electricity

ordering the sequence of events in producing a photocopy animation showing how spray painting cars uses static electricity completing sentences about the uses of static electricity

identifying statements about the benefits and problems of static electricity

Static Electricity

6. 6. Static Electricity

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Summary activities

Conductors and insulators

• the properties of conductors and insulators and how they are used in electrical wiring

• how metals conduct electricity

virtual experiment to test the electrical conductivity of a range of materials completing statements about conductors and insulators

45 slides 14 interactive Flash activities

Circuit diagrams

• introducing electric circuits and a model of how a circuit works

• why circuit diagrams are important and the symbols used to represent key electrical components

• what happens when a circuit contains a short circuit

information about key electrical components, including their use and circuit symbol matching electrical components to their circuit symbol

identifying the features of circuit diagrams

Direction of current

• how the direction of current can be represented as conventional current or electron flow animation comparing conventional current and electron flow

completing sentences about direction of current

Series and parallel circuits

• the differences between series and parallel circuits

• how current and voltage behave in series and parallel circuits

virtual experiment to investigate current and voltage in series circuits virtual experiment to investigate current and voltage in parallel circuits identifying statements about current and voltage in series and parallel circuits

Current and potential difference

• what current is and how it is measured

• what potential difference (or voltage) is and how it is measured

• how the water model is used to explain the flow of electric charge

• distinguishing between cells and batteries

animation showing how the flow of water can be used to model the flow of electric charge identifying true-or-false statements about current and voltage

Electric Circuits

7. 7. Electric Circuits

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46 slides 16 interactive Flash activities

Introducing resistance

• what resistance is and how it is caused

• what resistors are, and the difference between fixed and variable resistors animation showing why resistance occurs

Calculating resistance

• introduction to Ohm’s law and how it is used to calculate resistance numerical problems about current, voltage and resistance

Summary activities

Investigating current and voltage

• the relationship between current, voltage and resistance

• the current–voltage graph for components that follow Ohm’s Law

• the current–voltage graph for a bulb and a diode

virtual experiment investigating the relationship between current and voltage animated graph showing current–voltage data for a length of wire

animated graph showing current–voltage data for a bulb animated graph showing current–voltage data for a diode

labelling the amount of resistance shown by different current–voltage graphs

Factors affecting resistance

• how the type of material, and its thickness, length and temperature, affect resistance

• how to calculate the total resistance of resistors connected in series and in parallel virtual experiment to investigate the effect of length on resistance

virtual experiment to investigate the effect of thickness on resistance identifying true-or-false statements about the factors affecting resistance

numerical problems about the total resistance of resistors connected in series and in parallel

Using resistance

• the use of resistance in appliances that transfer electrical energy into heat and light energy

• how different types of resistors work and how they can be used guide to the different types of resistors

matching each type of resistor to its symbol

identifying statements about diodes, light-dependent resistors and thermistors

Resistance and

Resistors

8. 8. Resistance and Resistors

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34 slides 10 interactive Flash activities

Electrical cables

• why metal and plastic are used in electrical cables

• how to identify live, earth and neutral wires

completing statements about the different types of electrical wires

Summary activities

Introducing electrical safety

• the dangers of electricity and how to identify electrical hazards

• how electricity can be used safely

true-or-false quiz on electrical safety

Electrical plugs

• how electrical sockets make mains electricity available for general use

• how the materials used for the different parts of a plug relate to their properties

• how to wire a plug

identifying which materials are used for the different parts of a plug and why simulation investigating how to wire a plug

identifying faults in incorrectly wired plugs identifying true-or-false statements about plugs

Fuses and earthing

• how fuses improve electrical safety and prevent fires

• how earthing is used to make electrical appliances safer

• how two-pin plugs and double insulation work animation showing how earthing works

identifying true-or-false statements about fuses and earthing

Electrical Safety

9. 9. Electrical Safety

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Electric motors

• how an electric motor works

• factors affecting the power of an electric motor guide to how a simple DC motor works animated simulation of a simple DC motor

29 slides 14 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

Magnetism, current and force

• an introduction to the motor effect

• about Fleming’s left-hand rule

• factors affecting the direction and size of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field virtual experiment investigating how a magnetic field and electric current combine to create a force in a single wire

guide to factors affecting the size of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field animated sequence showing how a magnetic field and electric current create a turning effect in a coil of wire

identifying true-or-false statements about magnetic field, current and force

EM induction and generators

• an introduction to electromagnetic induction

• factors affecting the size of an induced current

virtual experiment investigating electromagnetic induction in a single wire virtual experiment investigating electromagnetic induction in a coil of wire guide to how a simple AC generator works

animated simulation of a simple AC generator

identifying factors that increase and decrease the size of an induced current completing sentences about electromagnetic induction and generators

Motors and Generators

10. 10. Motors and Generators

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40 slides 15 interactive Flash activities

Summary activities

Alpha, beta and gamma decay

• what happens to atoms during alpha, beta and gamma decay animation introducing the different types of radioactive decay identifying true-or-false statements about radioactive decay

Half-life

• how radioactivity can be detected and measured using a Geiger-Müller tube

• the meaning of the term ‘half-life’

• how the half-life of radioactive isotopes affects how they are used and handled

• how the half-life of carbon-14 can be used to date archaeological objects

animation explaining why the count rate of radioactive isotopes decreases over time how to calculate half-life from count rate measurements

how to calculate the half-life of carbon-14 animation explaining how carbon dating works numerical problems involving half-life

Models of the atom

• how radioactive decay and atomic structure are related

• the models of the atom developed by John Dalton and J J Thomson

• how the gold foil experiment led to Ernest Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom

• the modern model of atomic structure and the parts of the atom

• that isotopes are different forms of an element with differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei history of Rutherford’s involvement in discoveries about radioactivity and atomic structure virtual experiment demonstrating the gold foil experiment

animation explaining the results of the gold foil experiment

identifying statements about the ‘plum pudding’ model and Rutherford’s nuclear model identifying the properties of protons, neutrons and electrons

matching keywords about atomic structure to their definitions

Radioactive Decay

11. 11. Radioactive Decay

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39 slides 12 interactive Flash activities

Energy from atoms

• that energy can be obtained from the nuclei of atoms

• the connection between mass and energy, as identified by Albert Einstein

Nuclear fusion

• the process of nuclear fusion and why it can be used to produce energy

• how a fusion reactor works

• the advantages of using nuclear fusion as a source of energy animation showing what happens during nuclear fusion identifying the pros and cons of using nuclear fusion

Nuclear fission

• the process of nuclear fission and why it can be used to produce energy

• why uranium is used in fuel rods in fission reactors and why it needs to be enriched

• the products of nuclear fission

• why fuel rods have to be replaced and the problems with nuclear waste animation showing what happens during nuclear fission

animation showing how a nuclear power station works identifying true-or-false statements about nuclear fission

Chain reactions

• what happens during a chain reaction

• how chain reactions are controlled in fission reactors and what happens when they are

• not controlled

• how nuclear weapons use uncontrolled chain reactions animation showing how a chain reaction occurs ordering the sequence of events in a chain reaction matching words about chain reactions to their definitions identifying the pros and cons of using nuclear fission

Summary activities

identifying which statements relate to nuclear fission and nuclear fusion multiple-choice review of the presentation

Nuclear Energy

12. 12. Nuclear Energy

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Notes

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Notes Notes

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Notes

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GCSE Additional Science Physics Contents Guide

Physics

Contents Guide