PhD Program in Bioengineering and Robotics

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PhD Program in Bioengineering and Robotics

Curriculum Cognitive Robotics, Interaction and Rehabilitation Technologies

Research themes

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12 BYO: B

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) ...14 In the spirit of the doctoral School on Bioengineering and Robotics the PhD Program for the curriculum “Cognitive Robotics, Interaction and Rehabilitation Technologies”

provides interdisciplinary training at the interface between technology and life- sciences. The general objective of the program is to form scientists and research technologists capable of working in multidisciplinary teams on projects where human factors play a crucial role in technological development and design.

This themes offered this year as part of this curriculum are supported by the Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department of the Italian Institute of Technologies (RBCS) also in collaboration with the Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS).

In RBCS we are merging top-level neuroscience research and top-level robotics

research by sharing, as a fundamental scientific objective, the study of physical and

social interaction in humans and machines (www.iit.it/rbcs). The research activity is

articulated in three main streams: 1) The study of human sensorimotor and cognitive

abilities with a focus on action execution and understanding; 2) The implementation

of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities in the humanoid robot iCub with a focus on

human–robot cooperation; 3) The exploitation of assistive technologies to alleviate

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sensory disabilities and the implementation of robotic rehabilitation devices with a special attention on user requirements and strict clinical assessment. A factor, common to all three streams is learning and development and, in general, the dynamics of knowledge acquisition and update.

Besides the humanoid platform iCub and the support of professional electronic and mechanical design, RBCS research facilities include a fully equipped motion capture room with simultaneous electromyography recording and force-platforms, a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Lab, an Electrophysiology Lab for EEG recording, haptic devices for ergonomic measures of individual and dyadic interaction, robot rehabilitation devices for the upper limbs including the wrist; This infrastructure supports our student's research activities including the realization of ad-hoc experimental set-ups and mechatronic devices.The ideal candidates are students with a higher level university degree willing to invest extra time and effort in blending into a multidisciplinary team composed of neuroscientists, engineers, psychologists, physicists working together to investigate brain functions and realize intelligent machines, rehabilitation protocols and advanced prosthesis.

International applications are encouraged and will receive logistic support with

visa issues, relocation, etc.

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1. Interaction and grasp force in handwriting and dexterous action Tutor: Prof. Gabriel Baud-Bovy

Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: Dynamic Touch and Interaction www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: Dexterous action relies on the efficient integration of sensory feedback with a precise control of finger position. Previous research has shown that tactile feedback is an important source of information for object manipulation. Bad grasp patterns and impaired tactile sensitivity have strong detrimental effects on fine motor skills such as handwriting or buttoning a shirt.

The general objective of this research theme is to develop technology to measure pressure and interaction force during dexterous manipulation. A specific goal of the PhD will be to design, develop and evaluate a stylus / digital pen to monitor grasp and interaction force during handwriting. The aim is to develop a device which might be used in schools and be helpful to dysgraphic children. The candidate must also be interested in analysing the object manipulation behaviour and , more specifically, the manner in which the stylus is used.

The candidate will work in a multi-disciplinary group with electronic and mechanical engineers and cognitive scientists with expertise in human perception and motor control.

Requirements: The candidate should have a background in engineering and experimental psychology or cognitive science and technical or experimental skills.

The candidate should detail as appropriate his/her knowledge of relevant engineering disciplines, experience with psychophysical/experimental methods, programming and other technical skills,.

Contacts: [email protected]

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2. Untangling forces perceptually in human-human physical interaction Tutor: Prof. Gabriel Baud-Bovy

Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: Dynamic Touch and Interaction www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: Any physical interaction between two or more persons involve an exchange of forces between them and the environment (e.g., Reed, 2012; Karniel et al., 2012). In collaborative situations, the interaction force provides important cues about the action of the other person(s) and the properties of the object and of the environment. For example, when two persons push an object, the interaction force that each person experiences is crucial to understand whether the other person is actually helping or not to move the object in the desired direction. However, little is known about behavioural and computational mechanisms that allow humans to decide, for example, whether the force they are experiencing is coming from the other person or the environment (Tatti & Baud-Bovy; 2016). Gaining such a knowledge has obvious applications in the design of robots that need to interact physically with persons while sharing a common goal.

The PhD candidate will participate to a multi-pronged effort that aims at gaining a deep understanding of the sensory-motor and communication mechanisms and strategies that humans use to perform physical interaction. The candidate will use psychophysical methods to probe the perceptions of the persons and haptic interfaces to control the interaction forces and simulate external force.

Requirements: The candidate should ideally have an interest for engineering and experimental psychology or cognitive science. The candidate should detail as appropriate his/her knowledge of relevant engineering disciplines, experience with behavioral/psychophysical/experimental methods, programming and other technical skills, and/or knowledge of the relevant literature.

Contacts: [email protected]

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3. Visuo-haptic exploration strategies for object recognition Tutors: Dr. Alessandra Sciutti, Dr. Francesco Rea, Prof. Giulio Sandini Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences)

Division: Cognitive Robotics and Human-Human Interaction http://www.iit.it/rbcs Description: In everyday situations human adults are capable of transferring information about objects from one sensory modality to the other. Objects explored visually can, at a later time, be analysed, and recognized, by exploring them with our hands and, vice versa, we can visually recognize objects that have been previously explored haptically. This cross-modal transfer can be explained only through the use of a representation of objects merging visual and haptic information and perhaps by hypothesizing a shared exploratory strategy used when we explore objects visually or haptically. The main scientific objective of the project is to test this hypothesis by investigating how the transfer of information form one sensory modality to the other develops in humans and if different sensory channels share the same exploration strategy. A model of this ability could be implemented on the humanoid robot iCub to build and exploit a multisensory representation of manipulable objects, augmenting its ability to learn how to interact with the environment and with others.

The successful candidate will conduct experimental investigation of human visuo- haptic explorative strategies by means of multiple techniques, as eye-tracking, motion capture and force measurements with ad hoc designed devices. The collected data will be used to model the exploration strategies both during healthy development and in presence of sensory deficits. Participation in the implementation of these abilities in the iCub humanoid can be part of the project.

The successful candidate will also have the opportunity to spend part of his/her PhD at the Osaka University and the University of Tokyo in the framework of the Marie Curie IRSES project CODEFROR, with the purpose of integrating his/her knowledge with the different expertise available at these institutes.

Requirements: The candidate for this position must have either a degree in Computer Science Engineering, Bioengineering or equivalent, with high interests in human sciences, or alternatively a degree in Psychology, with proven background in programming toolboxes (Matlab, R).

References:

• Gori M., Sciutti A., Burr D. & Sandini G. 2011, ‘Direct and indirect haptic calibration of visual size judgments’, PLoS ONE, vol. 6,no. 10, e25599. [

• Sann, C. and Streri, A. (2007), Perception of object shape and texture in human newborns: evidence from cross-modal transfer tasks. Developmental Science, 10: 399–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00593.x

• Gori, M., Del Viva, M., Sandini, G., & Burr, D. C. (2008). Young children do not integrate visual and haptic form information. Current Biology, 18(9), 694-698.

Contacts: Applicants are encouraged to contact the perspective tutors before they

submit their

application: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]

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4. Make humanoids understand human actions

Tutors: Dr. Alessandra Sciutti, Dr. Francesco Rea, Prof. Giulio Sandini Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences)

Division: Cognitive Robotics and Human-Human Interaction http://www.iit.it/rbcs Description: Action understanding is a fundamental ability at the basis of human interaction. Neurophysiological evidence indicate that it is supported by a visuo- motor matching process: action observation activates in the observer a motor representation of the same action learned through action execution, which yields to a rapid and automatic understanding of the action’s goal. Hence, visual action understanding requires a sensori-motor representation of the action, built by performing it and learning its motor and sensory consequences.

The general aim of this project will be to provide the humanoid robot iCub with a similar visuo-motor matching skill in order to endow it with a human-like ability to understand human actions. In particular the robot will have to learn the motor (efference copy) and sensory (visual, joint angles, forces) consequences of its own actions to build a complete action representation. The research should determine which are the visual information needed to allow the recall of this model when the robot observes the same action performed by someone else. The work might take advantage of a computational system already available on the robot designed to localize the portion of the scene containing biological motion and extract some of its visual features .

The successful candidate will also have the opportunity to spend part of his/her PhD at the Osaka University and the University of Tokyo in the framework of the Marie Curie IRSES project CODEFROR, with the purpose of integrating his/her knowledge with the different expertise available at these institutes.

Requirements: degree in robotics, bioengineering, computer science, computer engineering, or related disciplines, attitude for problem solving, c++ programming. A background on machine learning is an asset.

References:

• Sciutti A., Ansuini C., Becchio C. & Sandini G. 2015, ‘Investigating the ability to read others’ intentions using humanoid robots’, Frontiers in Psychology – Cognitive Science, vol. 6,no. 1362

• Noceti N., Sciutti A. & Sandini G. 2015, ‘Cognition helps vision: recognizing biological motion using invariant dynamic cues’, 18th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing.

• Rizzolatti G, Craighero L. 2004 The mirror-neuron system. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:169–192

Contacts: Applicants are strongly encouraged to contact the perspective tutors

before they submit their

application: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]

7 5. Multisensory human-robot interaction

Tutors: Dr. Francesco Rea, Dr. Alessandra Sciutti, Prof. Giulio Sandini Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: Cognitive Robotics and Human-Human Interaction http://www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: Humans interact with each other by exploiting a variety of communicative cues across many different sensory channels. Communication signals range from speech to sounds in the auditory domains, from gestures to facial expressions in the visual domains and to different types of physical contacts in the haptic domain. Moreover, these signals can be explicitly communicative, as pointing or waving, or implicit and unconscious, as gaze direction or body movements speed.

The activity we propose is to endow the humanoid robot iCub with a library of sensory and motor skills supporting all these communication possibilities. The robot will have first to detect the presence of a potential human partner nearby and then to establish a communication with him by making use of these multisensory cues.

The research will leverage on the current social capabilities of the robot iCub, as gaze tracking, biological motion detection, biologically plausible motion generation, etc.

The selected candidate will have to integrate the existing skills and develop the missing abilities, in order to enable iCub to interact naturally with non-expert users across multiple sensory domains.

The successful candidate will also have the opportunity to spend part of his/her PhD at the Osaka University and the University of Tokyo in the framework of the Marie Curie IRSES project CODEFROR, with the purpose of integrating his/her knowledge with the different expertise available at these institutes.

Requirements: Degree in robotics, bioengineering, computer science, computer engineering, or related disciplines, attitude for problem solving, c++ programming, as also willingness to make experiments with human participants. Strong motivation to work and adapt to a multidisciplinary environment.

References:.

• Palinko O., Sciutti A., Rea F. & Sandini G., 2015, ‘Eye Gaze Tracking for a Humanoid Robot’ in IEEE/RAS International Conference of Humanoids Robotics, Seoul, Korea, November 3-5 2015.

• Mosadeghzad M., Rea F., Tata M., Brayda L. & Sandini G. 2015, ‘Saliency Based Sensor Fusion of Broadband Sound Localizer for Humanoids’, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Information Integration (MFI 2015), San Diego, CA, USA, September 14-16, 2015;

• Sciutti A., Patanè L., Nori F. & Sandini G., 2014, ‘Understanding object weight from human and humanoid lifting actions’, IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental

Contacts: Applicants are strongly encouraged to contact the perspective tutors

before they submit their

application:[email protected] , [email protected], [email protected]

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6. Robot technologies for evaluation of sensorimotor impairment and neuromotor rehabilitation

Tutors: Dr. Jacopo Zenzeri, Prof. Pietro Morasso Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences)

Division: MLARR (Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics) http://www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: A great majority of neurological patients present both motor dysfunctions and impairments in kinaesthesia, but traditional robot and virtual reality training techniques focus either in recovering motor functions or in assessing proprioceptive deficits. The open challenge is to implement effective and reliable assessment and training protocols for sensorimotor recovery that exploit the interaction capabilities of the robots. In order to do it the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor deficits have to be studied from a computational point of view and translated into control algorithms in rehabilitation robots. The research will involve experiments with human subjects (children and adults - healthy and impaired) using haptic interfaces, analysis of movements and their neural correlates (using EMG, EEG, TMS). The knowledge gained from the experiments will be also used to design more effective haptic systems to be delivered potentially directly to clinicians. The clinical experimental activities will be carried out at the RBCS joint labs at Gaslini and S.

Martino Hospitals.

Requirements: a master degree in Bioengineering or equivalent, with experience in the analysis and modelling of human movements, including EMG processing.

Attitude for experimental work, problem solving and computational modelling will constitute factors of preference.

References:

De Santis D, Zenzeri J, Casadio M, Masia L, Riva A, Morasso P and Squeri V (2015) Robot-assisted training of the kinesthetic sense: enhancing proprioception after stroke. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8:1037, doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01037

Cappello L, Elangovan N, Contu S, Khosravani S, Konczak J, Masia L (2015) Robot- aided assessment of wrist proprioception. Front Hum Neurosci. 9:198, doi:

10.3389/fnhum.2015.00198.

De Santis D, Zenzeri J, Masia L, Squeri V, Morasso P (2014) Characterizing the human-robot haptic dyad for robot therapy of stroke survivors. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, 7(3):267-288, doi:

10.1108/IJICC-10-2013-0046.

Squeri V, Masia L, Giannoni P, Sandini G, Morasso P (2014) Wrist rehabilitation in chronic stroke patients by means of adaptive, progressive robot aided therapy.

IEEE Trans. Neural Systems and Rehab Engineering, 22 (2): 1-14, doi:

10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2250521

De Santis D, Masia L, Morasso P, Squeri V, Zenzeri J, Casadio M, Riva A. (2013) Pulsed assistance: a new paradigm of robot training. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot, doi:

10.1109/ICORR.2013.6650504.

Contacts: [email protected], [email protected]

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7. Motor skill learning in dynamic environments Tutors: Dr. Jacopo Zenzeri, Prof. Pietro Morasso Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences)

Division: MLARR (Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics) http://www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: In the last decade there has been a growing interest in studying physical coupling between humans or humans and machines. Indeed, developing a machine capable of understanding the intention of a movement and interactively cooperate with a human is among the frontiers of the research in robotics as well as rehabilitation. The main idea behind the project is to understand how humans (healthy and impaired) learn a skill and make the robot able to transfer the skill itself to him. The research will involve experiments with human subjects (healthy and impaired) using haptic interfaces, mathematical modelling of human control strategies and design of more effective robots able to effectively transfer skills.

Requirements: a master degree in Bioengineering or equivalent, with experience in the analysis and modelling of human movements, including EMG processing.

Attitude for experimental work, problem solving and computational modelling will constitute factors of preference.

References:

Morasso P, Casadio M, Mohan V, Rea F, Zenzeri J (2015) Revisiting the body-schema concept in the context of Whole-Body Postural-Focal Dynamics. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9:83, doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00083.

Avila Mireles EJ, De Santis D, Squeri V, Morasso P, Zenzeri J (2015) Motor control strategies in the bimanual stabilization of an unstable virtual tool. 37th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference, August 25-29, 2015, Milano, Italy.

Morasso P, Casadio M, De Santis D, Nomura T, Rea F, Zenzeri J (2014) Stabilization strategies for unstable dynamics. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,24: 803-814, doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.10.006.

Zenzeri J, De Santis D, Morasso P (2014) Strategy Switching in the Stabilization of Unstable Dynamics. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99087, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099087.

De Santis D, Zenzeri J, Casadio M, Masia L, Morasso P, Squeri V (2014) A new method for evaluating kinesthetic acuity during haptic interaction. Robotica, 32:1399-1414, doi:

10.1017/S0263574714002252.

Contacts: [email protected], [email protected]

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8. From science to technology for visually impaired children Tutor: Dr. Monica Gori

Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia) Research Unit: Unit for Visually Impaired People

Technologies supporting smart and personalized inclusion of persons with sensory and motor disabilities is one of the big challenges of our society. Unit for Visually Impaired People (IIT) is looking for a PhD in the field of multisensory development in young children and adults with visual disability.

The goal of the project is to develop technologies to support the inclusion of adults and children with visual disabilities through:

• The development of a new set of devices to rehabilitate spatial cognition, mobility and social interaction of children and adults with visual deficits through natural sensory-motor associations.

• The demonstration and the validation of the technology through user, experimental and clinical studies.

Requirements: The PhD student will be involved in doing psychophysical experiments with children and to help in the development of device from the electronic and software point of view. A background in electronic engineering, basic neuroscience, and programming skills are required.

Contacts: [email protected]

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9 Cortical mechanisms of multisensory integration in children and adults with and without visual disability

Tutors: Dr. Monica Gori and Prof. Giulio Sandini Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) & Unit for Visually Impaired People

The human brain is highly plastic, able to modify its own structure and functions to adapt to changes within the body or in the external environment. We have recently demonstrated that the absence of one sensory modality (such as vision) impacts on the development of other sensory modalities (such as audition), resulting in a form of cross-modal impairment. The goal of this PhD theme are:

- studying multisensory integration development in children

- studying how multisensory integration develops in absence of visual input.

- investigate the neural mechanisms that subserve the cross-modal development with EEG technique.

Requirements: The PhD student will be involved in doing psychophysical and EEG experiments with children and adults with and without disabilities. A background in EEG, neuroscience, psychophysics and programming skills are required.

Contacts: [email protected]; [email protected]

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10 Spatial awareness through egocentric on-body tactile stimulation

Tutor: Dr. Luca Brayda, Dr. Fabrizio Leo Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: Spatial Awareness and Multisensory Perception http://www.iit.it/rbcs

Description:

The construction of cognitive maps relies on multisensory cues that inform about physical features of external structures, namely the presence of buildings, doors, obstacles or generic points of interests. However, the mutual relation of the diverse features must include continuous knowledge of our own position and orientation over time. This last constraint is at stake when visual loss occurs and poses a major challenge when blind persons need to acquire, combine and keep in memory information about surrounding objects. This research is focused on projecting and coding parts of environmental information onto the human body, under the form of tactile stimulations. The chosen modality is particularly attractive because it can pair new tactile, artificial, punctual information with existing, acoustic, natural and ecological global input. The methodology is to establish optimal body loci where tactile stimulation can occur, then design targeted stimuli which are able to quickly and easily inform about environmental features. The goal is to build assistive technologies which can increase spatial awareness by displaying a number of spatial cues. These cues have to be easily learnable and recognizable through touch over time, when vision is not available. The system will have potential use in rehabilitation programs for blind and visually impaired persons, therefore increasing the level of social inclusion of weak components of the society.

Requirements: a degree in Computer Science Engineering, Bioengineering or equivalent, with high interests in human sciences. Expertise in Assistive Technologies, and Haptics will constitute factors of preference.

References:

ayda L, Campus C., Memeo M, Lucagrossi, The importance of visual experience, gender and emotion in the assessment of an istive tactile mouse, Journal of IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 2015

veira V., Nedel L., Maciel A., Brayda L., Spatial Discrimination of Vibrotactile Stimuli Around the Head, IEEE Haptics mposium 2016

tiz, Tomás, et al. "Occipital cortex activation by long-term repetitive tactile stimulation is necessary for object recognition in nds: A case report." Neurocase 20.3 (2014): 273-282.

Contacts: [email protected] , [email protected]

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11 Improving orientation and mobility skills in visually impaired persons by means of programmable tactile displays

Tutor: Dr. Luca Brayda, Dr. Fabrizio Leo Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: Spatial Awareness and Multisensory Perception www.iit.it/rbcs

Description:

The lack of vision has usually a negative impact on spatial cognition which ultimately limits independence and autonomy in blind users. A key aspect of this limitation is represented by the difficulties blind people experience in the development of orientation and mobility skills both in indoor and outdoor environments. These difficulties are due, at least partially, to qualitative differences in spatial coding and to limited imagery abilities in blind compared to sighted people. Furthermore, blind users have impoverished access to pre-route information due to its scarcity in a suitable format. This research is focused on finding the most effective way to represent spatial maps of environments using tactile cues presented with pin-array displays. While there are evidences that blind users might prefer route-like representations of environments, those who are able to use survey-like representations show better orientation and mobility performances. The methodology will be to identify the crucial cues describing complex environments which, in particular, facilitate survey representations. Detailed assessments of these technological solutions including actual exploration performance (e.g. motion capture) and usability measurements will be executed both in indoor and outdoor environments. This project will provide useful instruments in rehabilitation programs for blind and visually impaired persons, therefore improving their autonomy.

Requirements: a degree in Computer Science Engineering, Bioengineering, Experimental Psychology or equivalent. Expertise in Assistive Technologies, and Motion Capture modeling will constitute factors of preference.

References:

• Lahav, Orly, David W. Schloerb, and Mandayam A. Srinivasan. "Rehabilitation program integrating virtual environment to improve orientation and mobility skills for people who are blind." Computers & education 80 (2015): 1-14.

• Eardley, Alison F., et al. "Allocentric Spatial Performance Higher in Early-Blind and Sighted Adults Than in Retinopathy-of-Prematurity Adults." Perception (2015): 0301006615607157.

• Brock, Anke M., et al. "Interactivity Improves Usability of Geographic Maps for Visually Impaired People." Human–Computer Interaction 30.2 (2015): 156-194.

Contacts: [email protected] , [email protected]

14 12 BYO: Bring Your Own (Project) Tutor: Prof. Giulio Sandini and the RBCS staff Institute: IIT (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia)

Research Unit: RBCS (Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences) Division: All

www.iit.it/rbcs

Description: If you have a project you wold like to propose within the research topics carried out at the Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, this is your occasion to propose it. The focus of RBCS research is the study of physical and social interaction in humans and machines (www.iit.it/rbcs) from a multidisciplinary perspective. Your project could be related to the study of human sensorimotor and cognitive abilities possibly with a focus on action execution and understanding.

Alternatively your project may also address the implementation of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities in our humanoid Robot iCub (possibly with a focus on Human- Robot-Interaction). Finally, you may propose a project to develop assistive devices and/or protocols for persons with sensory and motor disabilities.

In proposing your project consider that, besides the humanoid platform iCub, RBCS facilities include a fully equipped motion capture room with simultaneous electromyography recording and force-platforms, a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Lab, an Electrophysiology Lab for EEG recording, haptic devices for ergonomic measures of individual and dyadic interaction, robot rehabilitation devices for the upper limbs including the wrist. Professional support for Data Analysis and Management, Electronic and Mechanical Design is also available for the realization of experimental set-ups and mechatronic devices.

More details can be found in our webpage at www.iit.it/rbcs Be bold!

Requirements: The requirements depend on the proposal presented but excellent academic curriculum is a strong requirement.

Contacts: For more information contact