services based on the IoT.

(1)

IoT FRAMEWORKS

tells about the basic structure underlying an IoT solution/product.

to focus on interaction between connected devices, and also distributed computing and applications.

To decrease the time of develop products and other

services based on the IoT.

(2)

Contd…

There are four basic components of IoT framework:-

• Device Hardware

• Device Software

• Communication and Cloud Platform

• Cloud Application

(3)

There are more than 200 IoT platforms on the market today and because of the market potential

• AWS IoT

• Microsoft Azure IOT

• Google cloud

• Watson IOT

• Cisco IOT system

• Salesforce IOT cloud

• Carriots

• Oracle IOT cloud service

• Kaa IOT

• Artik by Samsung Electronics

• Mindsphere by Siemens

(4)

HLSA

(5)

• At a macro level, an IoT comprises a remote set of sensing assets also known as M2M is defined in the ETSI.

The HLSA comprises:

• The device and gateway domain,

• The network domain,

• The applications domain.

(6)

1.Device and gateway domain

– Case 1 “Direct Connectivity”:

The M2M device registration, authentication, authorization, management, and provisioning.

The M2M device may provide service to other

devices (e.g., legacy devices) connected to it that

are hidden from the network domain.

(7)

– Case 2 “Gateway as a Network Proxy”:

The M2M device connects to the network domain via an M2M gateway.

M2M devices connect to the M2M gateway using the M2M area network.

The M2M gateway acts as a proxy for the network

domain toward the M2M devices.

(8)

M2M area network: Connection between M2Mdevices and M2M gateways.

Eg. of M2M area networks include PAN technologies such as IEEE 802.15.1, Zigbee, Bluetooth, IETF ROLL, ISA100.11a,

LAN technologies such as PLC, M-BUS, Wireless M-BUS, and KNX.3

M2M gateway: Runs M2M application(s) using M2M service domain.

Eg. an M2M gateway may run an application that collects

and treats various information from sensors and

contextual parameters.

(9)

2. Network domain

Access network: A network that allows the M2M device and gateway domain to communicate with the core network.

Eg. Digital subscriber line (xDSL), hybrid fiber coax (HFC), satellite, GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN), UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN, (eUTRAN, W-LAN, and WiMAX.

Core network:

– IP connectivity at a minimum

– Service and network control functions

– Interconnection (with other networks)

– Roaming

(10)

Eg.

Twisted pair. Media access control is controlled with the CSMA/CA method

Radio (KNX-RF) ,Infrared Ethernet

– Core networks (CoNs) include 3GPP CoNs,

ETSI,TISPAN CoN, and 3GPP2 CoN

(11)

M2M service capabilities:

– Expose functions through a set of open interfaces – Use CoN functionalities

– Simplify and optimize application development and deployment through hiding of network specificities.

– The “M2M service capabilities” along with the

“core network” is known collectively as the “M2M

core .”

(12)

3. Applications domain

M2M management functions:

– The set of M2M management functions include a function for M2M service bootstrap.

This function is called M2M service bootstrap function MSBF.

The role of MSBF is to facilitate the bootstrapping of permanent M2M service layer security credentials in the

M2M device or gateway

The M2M service capabilities in the network domain.

(13)

Contd..

Interacts with a suitable software peer in the machine and some higher level capabilities to be supported by the DEP/machine in order to be

DEP able to run an embedded web server software module

web servers must assume they are secondary to the essential functions the device or application must perform

the web server must minimize its resource

demands and should be deterministic in the load it

places on a system.

(14)

The H2M portion of the IoT could theoretically make use of these same mechanisms and capabilities,

The information flow would likely need to be front ended by an access layer.

The human user to interact with the machine

using an intuitive interface. One such

mechanism can be an HTML/HTTP-based

browser

(15)

(16)

Contd..

An M2M/H2M environment comprises three basic elements

i. The data integration point (DIP)2 ii. The communication network

iii. The data end point (DEP)

where the process (X) and application (Y) form the

actual functional end points. Typically, a DEP refers to a microcomputer system, one end of which is

connected to a process or to a higher level subsystem

via special interfaces; the other end is connected to a

communication

(17)

network. However, the DEP can also be a machine M in a human H, as is the case in the MiH environment.

Many applications have a large base of dispersed DEPs

(3). A DIP can be an Internet server, a software

application running on a firm-resident host, or an

application implemented as a cloud service. As

previously mentioned

(18)

(19)

M2M HSLA

(20)

BASIC NODAL CAPABILITIES

a remote device generally needs to have a basic protocol stack that supports as a minimum local connectivity and networking connectivity

the transport layer in our terminology here,

whether this is TCP, UDP, or some other protocol

in addition, some higher layer application

support protocols with varying degrees of

computational/functional sophistication

(21)

BASIC NODAL CAPABILITIES

IoT devices may have capability differences, such as but not limited

to the maximum transmission unit (MTU) differences

simplified versus full-blown web protocol stack (COAP/UDP versus HTTP/TCP),

single stack versus dual stack, sleep schedule, security protocols, processing and communication bandwidth.

Distributed control/M2M typically entails

continuously changing variables to control the

behavior of an application.

(22)

Typical requirements include the following capabilities Retransmission

– Network recovers from packet loss or informs application

– Recovery is immediate on the order of RTTs, not seconds

Network independent of MAC/PHY Scale

– Thousands of nodes – Multiple link speeds

BASIC NODAL CAPABI LITIES

(23)

Multicast

– Throughout network – Reliable (positive Ack)

Duplicate suppression Emergency messages

– Routed and/or queued around other traffic – Other traffic slushed as delivered

Routine traffic delivered in sequence Separate timers by peer/message

Polling of nodes

(24)

Polling of nodes – Sequential

– Independent of responses Paradigm supports peer-to-peer

– Not everything is client/server Capabilities

– Discover nodes

– Discover node capabilities

– Deliver multisegment records Security

– Strong encryption

– Mutual authentication

– Protection against record/playback attacks

-Suite B ciphers(NSA ,ECC,AES(128,192))

(25)

General Protocol stack

(26)

INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS

(27)

Applications OVERVIEW

Public services and smart cities:

– Telemetry: for example, smart metering, parking metering, and vending machines

– Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and traffic management

– Connecting consumer and citizens to public infrastructure (such as public transportation)

– In-building automation, municipal, and regional infrastructure

– ◦Metropolitan operations (traffic, automatic tolls, fire, and so on)

– Electrical grid management at a global level; smart grids (SGs)

– Electrical demand response (DR) at a global level

(28)

Automotive, fleet management, asset tracking:

• e-Vehicle navigation, roads Driver safety and emergency services hired-car monitoring, goods vehicle management

• Next-generation global positioning system (GPS) services

• Tracking: asset tracking, cargo tracking, and

order tracking safety, and traffic control

(29)

Embedded networking systems in the smart home and Smart appliances

for example, AC-power control, lighting control, heating control, and low power management

• Automated home: remote media control

• Smart meters and energy efficiency: efficiencies obtained by exploiting the potential of the SG

• Telehealth (e-health): Assisted Living and in-home m-health services

• Security and emergency services: integrated

remote services smart office

(30)

Smart metering/advanced metering infrastructure

The general goal is to monitor and control the consumption of utilities-supplied consumable assets, such as electricity, gas, and water.

Utility companies deploy intelligent metering services by incorporating M2M communication modules into metering devices

the intelligent meters are able to send information

automatically (or on demand) to a server application

that can directly bill or control

(31)

Contd..

A smart metering network enables a utility company to

i) remotely connect or disconnect power to individual customers

ii) remotely or automatically update the grid configuration

iii) collect power consumption data in variable time intervals, iv) modulate customer loads automatically during critical

demand periods.

The SG is also able to automatically detect theft and is able to notify the utility if a meter is tampered with.

Smart appliances and SG devices are often referred to being as

“DR-enabled.”

(32)

The AMI environment is fairly complex. The underlying technology that enables benefits to the consumer and the utility company

AMI and HAN communication system. To be effective and easily deployed,

the HAN communication network should preferably be based on a network technology that

(i) utilizes open standards, (ii) is low cost,

(iii) consumes a minimum amount of energy,

(iv) does not require extensive new infrastructure.

Metering devices are typically monitored and controlled

by a centralized entity outside or inside the network

operator system

(33)

Contd..

AMI can utilize a number of methods and communication standards to connect the end device to the applications of the utility company

To communicate between physical service layers, some combinations and/or refinements of existing

Communication protocols are required. loosely modeled after reference.

The elimination of domicile/site access issues, improved billing accuracy, and cost savings derived from

DR/demand management

(34)

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

(35)

The underlying technology that enables these benefits to the consumer and the utility company is the availability of an AMI and HANcommunication network

The HAN communication system.

(i) utilizes open standards (ii) low cost

(iii) consumes a minimum amount of energy

(iv) does not require extensive new infrastructure

(36)

• Metering devices are typically monitored and controlled by a centralized entity outside or insi

• To communicate between physical service

layers, some combinations and/or refinements

of existing communication protocols are

required.

(37)

e-HEALTH/BODY AREA NETWORKS

• MBAN technology consists of small, lowpowered sensors on the body that capture clinical information

• MBANs allow them to move about the healthcare facility, while still being monitored for any health iss

ues that might develop.

Example;

• Glucose meter

• Pulse oximeter

• Electrocardiograph (ECG)

• Social alarm devices

(38)

Episodic patient monitoring:

This is utilized in noncritical patients to track specific indicators and identify the progress of the disease or recovery

e.g., heart rate, temperature BP& blood glucose level are monitored to determine anomalies and identify trends.

Continuous patient monitoring:

• It is associated with acute conditions that require constant or frequent measurement of health status.

• the measurement data from the body sensors is

securely transmitted continuously to the on-body unit

e.g., heart rate, temperature, pulse oximeter

(39)

Patient alarm monitoring:

• this entails the triggering of alarms based on preset conditions that are specific to the patie

• The data collected by the sensors is time-stamped and securely forwarded to a gateway that acts as a patient monitoring system.

Senior actvity monitoring scenario Safety monitoring scenario

monitoring and tracking fitness level

personalized fitness schedule scenario

(40)

Fetal telemetry: A small, lightweight, and noninvasive way to continuously monitor a baby’s healthss time demonstrations of MBAN technology

LifeLine home care pendants: A device that collects health information for the elderly or those with chronic diseases

Predictive and early warning systems:

Provides continuous monitoring to helpprevent

sudden and acute deterioration of a patient’s

condition

(41)

CITY AUTOMATION

Traffic flow management system in combination with dynamic traffic light control

Street light control

Passenger information system for public transportation

Passive surveillance

Generic city sensors include – thermal

– hygrometric

(42)

– sound – gas

– particles

– light, other EM spectrum – seismic

Activity sensors

– pavement/roadway pressure

– vehicle and pedestrian detection

– parking space occupancy

(43)

Use Cases of “M2M Applications for City Automation”

Use Case 1: Traffic Flow Management System in Combination with Dynamic Traffic Light Control.

Use Case 2: Street Light Control.

Use Case 3: Passenger Information System for Public Transportation:

• The vehicle location can be captured via checkpoints

on the regular track or via GPS/GPRS tracking

devices that provide the position information in

regular intervals. Two

(44)

AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

bCall (breakdown call): A bCall sends the current vehicle position to a roadside assistance organization and initiates a voice call

Stolen vehicle tracking (SVT):

• The SVT service provider periodically requests location data from the Telematics Control Unit (TCU) in the vehicle and interacts with the police.

• The TCU may also be linked to the Engine

Management System (EMS) to enable immobilization

or speed degradation by remote command.

(45)

• The M2M devices will interface with location-determination technology such as standalone GPS

• The tracking server is an entity located in the M2M core and owned or operated by the asset owner or service provider receive, process

• The tracking server may trigger a particular M2M devic Remote diagnostics :

-Maintenance minder: when the vehicle reaches a certain mileage TCU sends a message to the owner due for service.

- Health check: Either on a periodic basis or triggered by a request from the owner,

- Fault triggered: When a fault diagnostic trouble code (a diagnostic trouble code [DTC]) triggers the TCU sends DTC code

and any related information

-Enhanced bCall: When a manual breakdown call is initiated by the

owner, the TCU sends both position data and DTC status

information to the roadside assistance service or to the vehicle

manufacturer.

(46)

Fleet management:

A fleet management application assumes that a fleet of vehicles have been deployed with M2M devices installed that are able to:

• Interface with sensors on the vehicle that measure velocity

• Interface with devices that can detect position

• Establish a link with a mobile telecommunication network using appropriate network access credentials, such as a USIM (universal subscriber identity module)

• A server in the fleet owner’s employ receives,

aggregates, and processes the tracking

(47)

(48)

Vehicle-to-infrastructure communications:

(49)

HOME AUTOMATION

• M2M communications is expected to play a major role in residences.Home control applications include but are not limited to:

• Lighting control

• Thermostat/HVAC

• White goods/

• Appliance control

• In-home displays

(50)

Home security applications include but are not limited to:

• Door access phone

• Window locks

• Motion detector

• Smoke/fire alert

• Baby monitors

• Medical pendant

(51)

(52)

OVER-THE-AIR-PASSIVE

SURVEILLANCE/RING OF STEEL

Open air refers to the fact that the surveillance is done in the public domain

• high resolution (even low light level) digital video cameras (which can be wired and/or wireless)

• license plate/face recognition technology;

• GDSs

• related technologies or sensors. Integrated refers to the internetworking of multiple geographically dispersed systems and multiple technologies with database systems that may archive a variety of pertinent background data or metadata

• IOS enables the collection, aggregation, and analysis of

factors in physical public view.

(53)

Geolocation and Tracking

(54)

IOS

(55)

SMART CARDS

• Smart cards (SCs) in general, and M2M-based systems in particular, enable wired and wireless communication for a large set of commercial and industrial applications