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Causal Bounds and Observable Constraints for Non-deterministic Models

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Figure

Figure 1: Transformation of extreme vertices (top) of polytope (bottom).
Figure 3: Augmented DAGs which represent the causal IV model without randomization (left) andwithout exclusion restriction (right).
Figure 4: Transformation of ˆT by Ξi(·) to the polytope which represents the IV model withoutrandomization, in terms of the pairwise conditional distributions P(C|A) and P(B|A).
Figure 5: Transformation to the extreme vertices corresponding to the polytope which representsthe IV model with the weaker exclusion restriction, for ε = 0.5, in terms of the distributionP(C,B|A).
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