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Sebastian Gölz, Dorika Fleissner, Heike Schiller, Fraunhofer ISE Konrad Götz, Georg Sunderer, ISOE
Joachim Schleich, Marian Klobasa, Marc Brunner, Fraunhofer ISI
Thematic symposium “Do households save electricity through feedback based on Smart Metering systems?
at “Sustainable Consumption 2011” Conference November 6 - 8, 2011 in Hamburg, Germany
Smart Metering in Germany and Austria – Results
of Providing Feedback Information in a Field Trial
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Major Goals of the Project Intelliekon
What is the relevant effect of feedback on knowledge and behaviour
of households?
What are the relevant motives to use feedback as such?
Development of feedback instruments that account for both, households’ expectations and needs.
Evaluation of feedback instruments with more than 2000 households within a yearlong field trial.
What are the major environmental implications of a reduced residential energy consumption in terms of CO2 emissions?
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Consortium
– Four scientific Partners
– Industry Partners from 10 utilities
Financial support:
– German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under the socio-economic research funding program “From Knowledge to Action”
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Technology for
Field Trial Intelliekon
Feedback instruments
Household
Utility
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Project design
Nation-wide Impacts & CO2 savingsBefragungen Pilotgruppe
„Nullmessung“ Feedback II (Phase II)all: continuous recording of consumption & utilization of feedback for online feedback all: continuous recording of consumption &
utilization of feedback for online feedback
Analysis of Con-sumption Inter-pretation Evaluation 10/08 - 03/09 04/09 05/10 11/10 2011 10/08 - 03/09 04/09 05/10 11/10 2011 Pre-Phase Qualitative Survey Software Definition of Interfaces Web portal Communication with customers Phone numbers Incentives Privacy policy Questionnaire Feedback I (Phase I) Online feedback or written feedback on energy consumption pilot group Survey BP2 BP1 BP3
Survey of control group
Survey of control group BK2
BK1
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Feedback Instrument – Monthly Mail
Monthly mail (2 pages) including Daily consumption Weekly consumption Monthly consumption
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Intelliekon Sample
Control group 977
Pilot group web 533
Pilot group mail 581
Pilot group 1114
Overall
sample
size:
2091
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Evaluation of Feedback Instruments
At the beginning of the field trial
Web Post Web Post Web Post Web Post Web Post 31 35 28 27 23 40 34 31 42 35 50 39 46 37 49 42 47 46 42 38 15 20 18 20 22 14 14 15 13 16 4 6 8 15 6 4 5 8 3 11
mark 1 mark 2 mark 3 mark 4 to 6
Information content Usefulness Design Ease of use Comprehensibility / 9 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,3 2,1 1,9 1,9 2,0 1,8 2,1 mean values in percent
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Comparison of Time: Evaluation of Feedback Instruments
at the beginning and after 6 months
Both feedback instruments are still evaluated very positively after 6 months
Evaluations of information content, design, ease of use,
comprehensibility, pressure and concerns about data security remain almost equal
Usefulness is evaluated slightly better after 6 months
Learning effect due to use of feedback instrument
The aspects „awakes interest“ and „fun“ are evaluated somewhat worse after 6 months
appeal of novelty decreases over the months
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Savings through Consumption Feedback
Savings of 3,7 %
–
Comparison between pilot and control group
–
For time from trial start (from 1.5.2009) until 31.10.2010,
duration for each utility partner between 11 and 18 months
Longitudinal Analysis of saving effects shows that
effect exists also after several months after trial start.
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Saved CO
2Emissions
Saved electricity if extrapolated to all German households:
– Savings of 3,7 % in households relate to app. 5,2 TWh electricity demand
– 5,2 TWh relate app. 1,1 % of total German electricity demand
Decreased electricity demand reduces generation from
following power stations:
– Coal: – 2,7 TWh
– Gas: – 2,4 TWh
– Brown coal: – 0,1 TWh
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Tariff Trial
Tariff from May 2010 at three utility partners
Analysis of saving effects from comparison between pilot and control group
Additional considering of 3 months before tariff trial start
Sample size app. 90 households
Source: Implemented Tariff scheme
15,5 ct/kWh
27,4 ct/kWh
15,5 ct/kWh Monday to Sunday (incl. holidays)
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Saving Effects through Time of Use Tariff
Savings of 9,8 %
– In comparison to control group (Combined effect of feedback and tariff)
– 6,1% in comparison to pilot group (Effect of tariff only)
– Time of May until end of July 2010: three months
–
Technical restrictions permitted the consumption analysis
of
only 53 households
Achieved load shifting range between 1 -2 % of total
consumption
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Feedback Use
Multidimensional behaviour – Content preference – Frequency – Intensity – Repetition User Cluster from Intelliekon
/ 15 "Actives" 12% "Minimal user" 36% „Interested in Energy(saving)" 9%
„Searchers for concrete hints"
24%
"Load profile analysts"
14%
"Engaged user"
5%
Clicking all content data for several months
One Log In clicking all content Clicking mainly consumption data
for 2 months Clicking consumption data
for all months and often
Clicking mainly energy saving hints
in first months Clicking mainly hourly
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Feedback Use and Saving Effects
Comparison of user cluster in electricity consumption: – The “Minimal user” saved in average 9,5%
– The “Load profile analysts” saved in average 9,7%
– For all remaining clusters no reliable results could have been obtained
Influence of usage duration over months on electricity consumption: – No significant saving effect
Influence of use of energy saving hints on electricity consumption: – Those households which clicked at least once to energy saving hints
saved in average 10 kWh (at 125 kWh as total effect)
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Assumption for Feedback and Tariff
Monthly letter from „trustful“ utility leads to a regular engagement with consumption – which can not be achieved with a web portal
The effect of the web portal defolds quickly – a longterm provision will not increase additionally the savings
Tariff participants saved because differentiate prices activate them – involvement leads to behavioural changes
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Conclusion and Recommendations
Strategy for target groups: Variable technical and non-technical offers and behaviours
– Non-technical: options for efficient behaviour, goal setting
– Technical: Internet, Apps, Smart-Home products, Service: Financing through savings (Contracting)
Practical implementation of different options should be accompanied by suitable frame conditions, i.e. incentives ( result tariff)
Recommended: Electricity consumption information „for all“ In parallel target group oriented
– User have different needs, wishes and motiviation – therefore choice of different options
– If no choice takes place: Monthly printed electricity consumption information with conventional mail
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Thank you for your Attention
Further papers under www.intelliekon.de
German and English brochure with all results and conclusion available
