Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Fundamentals

Karthik Sankar

Sun Microsystems Campus Ambassador Final Year, Dept. of CSE

Cluster Computing

Cloud Computing

Grid Computing

.. moving computing and data away from the desktop and the portable PC and

simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized

location and is then transmitted via the internet on the user's screen ..

- John Makroff

.. a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal

computers or an individual application server to a "cloud" of computers ..

- Wikipedia

.. the idea of relying on Web-based applications and storing data in the

"cloud" of the internet ..

- MIT Technology Review

.. the cloud is a smart, complex, powerful computing system in the sky that

people can just plug into ..

Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT’s existing capabilities.

• Common, Location-independent, Online Utility on Demand

–Common implies multi-tenancy, not single or isolated tenancy – Utility implies pay-for-use pricing

– on Demand implies ~infinite, ~immediate, ~invisible scalability • Alternatively, a “Zero-One-Infinity” definition:

0 On-premise infrastructure Acquisition cost

Adoption cost Support cost

1 Coherent and resilient environment – not a brittle “software stack”

∞ Scalability in response to changing need

Integrability/Interoperability with legacy assets and other services Customizability/Programmability from data, through logic, up into the user interface without compromising robust multi-tenancy

The on-demand, self-service, pay-by-use model

Infrastructure is programmable

Applications are composed and are built to be composable

Services are delivered over the network

DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Public Cloud

Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks. Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to enterprise infrastructure.

DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Public Cloud

_{Private Cloud}

Hybrid Cloud

Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of service. The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise datacenter, and they also may be deployed at a co-location facility.

DEPLOYMENT MODELS

Public Cloud Private Cloud

_{Hybrid Cloud}

Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. They can help to provide on-demand, externally provisioned scale. The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload fluctuations. A hybrid cloud also can be used to handle planned workload spikes. Sometimes called “surge computing,” a public cloud can be used to perform periodic tasks that can be deployed easily on a public cloud.

Software as a service (SaaS)

Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organizations.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform as a service encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as a service that can be used to build higher-level services.

Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by integrating an OS, middleware, application software, and even a development environment that is then provided to a customer as a service

Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated service that is presented to them through an API. The customer interacts with the platform through the API, and the platform does what is necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given level of service.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range from application components to high-performance computing applications.

Cloud Infrastructure IaaS

PaaS SaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Architectures

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Architectures Software as a Service (SaaS) Architectures Cloud Infrastructure SaaS Cloud Infrastructure PaaS SaaS Cloud Infrastructure IaaS PaaS Cloud Infrastructure PaaS Cloud Infrastructure IaaS

SINGLE TENANT vs. MULTI-TENANT ARCHITECTURE

Server OS Database App Server Storage Network App 1 ServerOS Database App Server Storage Network App 2 Server OS Database App Server Storage Network App 3 Other apps Shared infrastructure

Single tenancy gives each customer a dedicated software stack – and each layer in each stack still requires configuration, monitoring, upgrades,

On a multi-tenant platform, all applications run in a single logical environment: faster, more secure, more available, automatically upgraded

Cloud computing often leverages:

Massive scale

Virtualization

Non-stop computing

Free software

Geographic distribution

Service oriented software

Autonomic computing

Advanced security technologies

Purchase software

Purchase hardware

Find space in data center

Create migration plan

Setup development & test

Configure systems

Configure databases

Configure networks

more…

TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE PURCHASE

CLOUD COMPUTING – THE EASY WAY

Reduce run time and response time

For applications that use the cloud essentially for running batch jobs, cloud computing makes it straightforward to use 1000 servers to accomplish a task in 1/1000 the time that a single server would require

Minimize infrastructure risk

When pushing an application out to the cloud, scalability and the risk of purchasing too much or too little infrastructure becomes the cloud provider’s issue

Lower cost of entry

Because infrastructure is rented, not purchased, the cost is controlled, and the capital investment can be zero.

Increased pace of innovation

The low cost of entry to new markets helps to level the playing field, allowing start-up companies to deploy new products quickly and at low cost.

Scalability

Availability

Reliability

Security

Flexibility and agility

Serviceability

Efficiency

A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability

High-availability (HA) clusters Load-balancing clusters

Compute clusters

Grid computing (or the use of computational grids) is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains applied to a common task, usually to a scientific, technical or business problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or the need to process large amounts of data.

One of the main strategies of grid computing is using software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands. Grid computing is distributed, large-scale cluster computing, as well as a form of network-distributed parallel processing

Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests

Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.

Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests

Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.

Stored data might not be secure:

With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud. How secure is the cloud? Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data? Cloud computing companies say that data is secure, but it's too early in the game to be completely sure of that.

Dependent on internet connection:

Internet connectivity isn’t completely stable and reliable. For cloud computing to be completely accessible anywhere, we’ll probably need to wait a few more years for the internet service providers to step up to the plate.

It’s not platform agnostic:

Most clouds force participants to rely on a single platform or host only one type of product. If you need to support multiple platforms, as most enterprises do, then you’re looking at multiple clouds. That can be a nightmare to manage.